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Shang Z, Xiang C, Ding B, Zhu Q, Yu M, Han Y. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals two subtypes of tumor cells of sclerosing pneumocytoma with distinct molecular features and clinical implications. Mod Pathol 2024:100560. [PMID: 38972356 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare, distinctive benign lung adenoma of pneumocyte origin. Despite its rarity, the tumor's unique cellular morphology has sparked ongoing debates regarding the origin of its constituent cells. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular features of PSP tumor cells and enhance our understanding of the cellular processes contributing to PSP formation and biological behavior. Tissue samples from PSP and corresponding normal lung tissues (n = 4) were collected. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing and microarray-based spatial transcriptomic analyses to identify cell types and investigate their transcriptomes, with a focus on transcription factors, enriched gene expression, and single-cell trajectory evaluations. Our analysis identified two types of tumor cells: mesenchymal epithelial dual phenotype cells (MEDPs) and a distinct subpopulation of type II alveolar epithelial cells exhibiting characteristics slightly reminiscent of type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT2Cs), corresponding to histological round stromal cells and surface cuboidal cells, respectively. MEDPs displayed weak alveolar epithelial differentiation but strong collagen production capabilities, as indicated by the expression of both TTF-1 and vimentin. These cells played a pivotal role in forming the solid and sclerotic areas of PSP. Moreover, MEDPs exhibited a pronounced propensity for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting a greater potential for metastasis compared to AT2Cs. The capillary endothelial cells of PSP displayed notable diversity. Overall, this study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive mapping of the single-cell transcriptome profile of PSP. Our findings delineate two distinct subtypes of tumor cells, MEDPs and AT2Cs, each with its own biological characteristics and spatial distribution. A deeper understanding of these cell types promises insights into the histology and biological behaviors of this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxian Shang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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He P, Wang J, Guo J, Li S, Zhang W. Multiple pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma, based on a study of 36 cases worldwide. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12242. [PMID: 38806602 PMCID: PMC11133446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the clinical characteristics and to improve clinicians' understanding of multiple pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) patients. A total of 36 PSP patients with multiple tumor characteristics were identified from the literature search. They were compared with 43 solitary PSP patients diagnosed and treated in our hospital in the past 5 years. Thus, the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatment strategies, and prognosis of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) patients with multiple tumors were explored. Patients with multiple PSP are mostly distributed in Asia (88.89%) and are females (83.33%). PSP can be located in any one lobe (19.44%), or grow across ipsilateral lobes (44.44%), or even, bilateral lobes (36.11%). It can be accompanied by metastasis (9.09%) and is prone to misdiagnosis (27.78%). Compared with solitary PSP, the occurrence age of multiple PSP was younger (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 40.36 ± 18.12: 51.28 ± 12.74 years), but there was no significant difference in sex, tumor size (mean ± SD: 43.54 ± 46.18: 30.56 ± 17.62 mm), or symptoms. Individualized surgical resection is required for treatment, including pneumonectomy (17.65%), lobectomy (23.53%), subpulmonary lobectomy (38.24%), or combined lobectomy (5.88%). Multiple PSP is relatively rare. Surgical resection within a limited time should be the main treatment for such patients. The prognosis of patients with multiple PSP is generally good, but inappropriate diagnosis and treatment plans may lead to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital (Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital (Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiong Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital (Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shunqi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital (Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital (Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Room 1, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Boland JM. What's new in benign lung tumours? Histopathology 2024; 84:124-135. [PMID: 37691383 DOI: 10.1111/his.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
While lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies routinely encountered by pathologists, benign pulmonary neoplasms are quite rare. However, it is important for pathologists to be familiar with the typical diagnostic features of benign lung tumors to avoid confusing them with malignant morphological mimics. There have also been intriguing discoveries in the genetics of benign pulmonary neoplasms in the past decade. This review will cover several of the most common benign lung tumors, including the diagnostic categories of pulmonary adenomas, bronchial papillomas, and benign mesenchymal tumors, with discussion of the current classification, differential diagnosis, and current knowledge regarding genetic drivers.
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Yeh YC, Chu PY, Lin SY, Wang SY, Ho HL, Wang YC. Comprehensive Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Sclerosing Pneumocytoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100354. [PMID: 37844870 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare and distinct lung neoplasm whose histogenesis and molecular alterations are the subject of ongoing research. Our recent study revealed that AKT1 internal tandem duplications (ITD), point mutations, and short indels were present in almost all tested sclerosing pneumocytomas, suggesting that AKT1 mutations are a major driving oncogenic event in this tumor. Although the pathogenic role of AKT1 point mutations is well established, the significance of AKT1 ITD in oncogenesis remains largely unexplored. We conducted comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses of sclerosing pneumocytoma to address this knowledge gap. RNA-sequencing data from 23 tumors and whole-exome sequencing data from 44 tumors were used to obtain insights into their genetic and transcriptomic profiles. Our analysis revealed a high degree of genetic and transcriptomic similarity between tumors carrying AKT1 ITD and those with AKT1 point mutations. Mutational signature analysis revealed COSMIC signatures 1 and 5 as the prevailing signatures of sclerosing pneumocytoma, associated with the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and an unknown etiology, respectively. RNA-sequencing data analysis revealed that the sclerosing pneumocytoma gene expression profile is characterized by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which exhibits significant similarity between tumors harboring AKT1 ITD and those with AKT1 point mutations. Notably, an upregulation of SOX9, a transcription factor known for its involvement in fetal lung development, was observed in sclerosing pneumocytoma. Specifically, SOX9 expression was prominent in the round cell component, whereas it was relatively lower in the surface cell component of the tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of the genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of sclerosing pneumocytoma. Results of the present study provide insights into the molecular attributes of sclerosing pneumocytoma and a basis for future studies of this enigmatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Yuan Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ying Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kim NY, Kim DY, Chu J, Jung SH. pncA Large Deletion is the Characteristic of Pyrazinamide-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis belonging to the East Asian Lineage. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:247-256. [PMID: 37407242 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazinamide (PZA) is often used as an add-on agent in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, regardless of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) results. However, evaluating the effectiveness of PZA is challenging because of its low pH activity, which can result in unreliable pDST results. This study aimed to investigate the genomic characteristics associated with PZA resistance that can be used to develop genotypic DST. MATERIALS AND METHODS A publicly available whole genome sequencing (WGS) dataset of 10,725 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genomes (3,326 phenotypically PZA-resistant and 7,399 phenotypically PZA-susceptible isolates) were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 2,934 pncA non-silent mutations were identified in 2,880 isolates (26.9%). Detected mutations were found throughout the entire coding region of pncA in a scattered pattern, of which the most frequent mutation was p.Q10P (n = 278), followed by p.H57D (n = 167) and c.-11A>G (n = 122). The sensitivity and specificity of the group 1 or 2 mutations reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) mutational catalogue were 73.0% and 98.9%, respectively. We further identified 18 novel pncA mutations that were significantly associated with phenotypically PZA-resistant. In addition to these mutations, we identified 102 large deletions in the pncA gene, and all but two isolates were phenotypically resistant to PZA isolates. Notably, pncA deletions were mutually exclusive to pncA mutations, and more than half of the isolates with pncA large deletions belonged to the East Asian lineage (67.6%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the pooled variants (group 1 or 2 mutations, novel resistance-associated mutations, and large deletions of the pncA gene) were 79.0%, 98.9%, 97.0%, and 91.3%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) value for the pooled variants was significantly higher than the AUC value for the group 1 or 2 mutations (P <0.001), indicating that the pooled variants have a better discriminative ability for predicting PZA resistance. CONCLUSION Using WGS, we found that the pncA mutations are scattered without specific mutational hotspots, and large deletions associated with PZA resistance are more common in the East Asian lineage of M. tuberculosis isolates. Our data also demonstrated the reliability of group 1 or 2 mutations presented in the WHO mutation catalogue and the need for further investigation on group 3 mutations, contributing to the evaluation of the current knowledge base on mutations associated with the PZA-resistant M. tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yung Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyon Chu
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genomic Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Wang X, Ng CS, Shi X, Yin W. Characteristics of metastatic and non-metastatic pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytomas. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100135. [PMID: 36966952 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the clinicopathologic features of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) and compare these features between the tumors with and without metastasis, 68 cases of PSP (1/68 [1.47%] with metastasis) diagnosed from 2009-2022 in our hospital and 15 previously reported metastasizing cases were studied. There were 54 female patients and 14 male patients, with age ranging from 17 to 72 years and tumor size ranging from 0.1 to 5.5 cm (mean, 1.75 cm). In all, 85.4% of the cases presented with ≥2 patterns, including papillary, sclerotic, solid, and hemorrhagic. Thyroid transcription factor 1, epithelial membrane antigen, CKpan, and CK7 were expressed in surface cells in 100% of the cases and napsin A was expressed in 90% of the cases. Stromal cell expression of these markers occurred in 100%, 93.9%, 13.5%, 13.8%, and 0% of the cases, respectively. Of the 16 PSP cases with metastasis, 8 were female patients and 7 were male patients, with age ranging from 14 to 73 years. The tumor size ranged from 2.5 to 12 cm (mean, 4.85 cm). Forty-five of the cases were negative for BRAF V600E immunostaining and 6 were focally weak positive, in which fluorescent PCR tests showed no detectable mutations. There were significant differences in gender, age, and tumor size between PSP cases with and without metastasis. No BRAF V600E mutation was found in patients with PSP. AKT1 p.E17K mutations were detected in both the primary lung tumor and the lymph node metastatic tumor of our PSP case with lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, PSP is an uncommon pulmonary neoplasm with significant female predilection and has distinct morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. The BRAFV600E mutation was not detectable in patients with PSP and thus may not involve in its tumorigenesis. Most PSP tumors are benign, with a minority exhibiting potential for metastasis and malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chi-Sing Ng
- Department of Pathology, Caritas Medical Center, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoxin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Comparison of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/4E-binding protein 1 pathway signal activation in round stromal and surface cells in patients with sclerosing pneumocytoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154384. [PMID: 36878109 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the lung, and approximately 40 % of patients with SP present with AKT1 E17K mutation. SP cells comprise proliferated surface and round stromal cells. To elucidate the role of signal transductions and to identify the difference between surface and stromal cells, the current study aimed to investigate the activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/4E-binding protein 1 signaling pathway in SP. METHODS: The molecular and pathological characteristics of SP in 12 patients were analyzed. AKT1 gene analysis revealed AKT1 E17K mutation in four cases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells were cytoplasmic positive for pAkt, pmTOR, p4EBP1, and pS6RP. The surface cells had a significantly higher expression of pmTOR (p = 0.002) and a significantly lower expression of p4EBP1 (p = 0.017) than stromal cells. SP without AKT1 E17K mutation had a higher positive correlation with pacts, p4EBP1, pmTOR, and pS6RP expression than SP with AKT1 E17K mutation. These findings may be attributed to the aberrant activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway due to AKT1 E17K mutations. Hence, both surface and round stromal cells have tumorigenic characteristics, and differences in these characteristics may contribute to variations in tumor growth and the morphology and angiogenesis of SP.
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Ma L, Peterson EA, Shin IJ, Muesse J, Marino K, Steliga MA, Atiq O, Arnaoutakis K, Wardell C, Wooldridge J, Prior F, Johann DJ. An advanced molecular medicine case report of a rare human tumor using genomics, pathomics, and radiomics. Front Genet 2023; 13:987175. [PMID: 36846293 PMCID: PMC9951004 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.987175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare tumor of the lung with a low malignant potential that primarily affects females. Initial studies of PSP focused primarily on analyzing features uncovered using conventional X-ray or CT imaging. In recent years, because of the widespread use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the study of PSP at the molecular-level has emerged. Methods: Analytical approaches involving genomics, radiomics, and pathomics were performed. Genomics studies involved both DNA and RNA analyses. DNA analyses included the patient's tumor and germline tissues and involved targeted panel sequencing and copy number analyses. RNA analyses included tumor and adjacent normal tissues and involved studies covering expressed mutations, differential gene expression, gene fusions and molecular pathways. Radiomics approaches were utilized on clinical imaging studies and pathomics techniques were applied to tumor whole slide images. Results: A comprehensive molecular profiling endeavor involving over 50 genomic analyses corresponding to 16 sequencing datasets of this rare neoplasm of the lung were generated along with detailed radiomic and pathomic analyses to reveal insights into the etiology and molecular behavior of the patient's tumor. Driving mutations (AKT1) and compromised tumor suppression pathways (TP53) were revealed. To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of this study, a software infrastructure and methodology known as NPARS, which encapsulates NGS and associated data, open-source software libraries and tools including versions, and reporting features for large and complex genomic studies was used. Conclusion: Moving beyond descriptive analyses towards more functional understandings of tumor etiology, behavior, and improved therapeutic predictability requires a spectrum of quantitative molecular medicine approaches and integrations. To-date this is the most comprehensive study of a patient with PSP, which is a rare tumor of the lung. Detailed radiomic, pathomic and genomic molecular profiling approaches were performed to reveal insights regarding the etiology and molecular behavior. In the event of recurrence, a rational therapy plan is proposed based on the uncovered molecular findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Information Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Erich A. Peterson
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ik Jae Shin
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jason Muesse
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Katy Marino
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mathew A. Steliga
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Omar Atiq
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Konstantinos Arnaoutakis
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jacob Wooldridge
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fred Prior
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Donald J. Johann
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,*Correspondence: Donald J. Johann,
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Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma: clinical features and prognosis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:140. [PMID: 35490241 PMCID: PMC9055737 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a kind of rare benign pulmonary tumor with potential malignancy. The clinical features, risk factors for prognosis, and optimal treatment have not been identified yet. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma. METHODS We retrospectively performed a review of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma patients in West China Hospital from 2009 to 2019. The basic characteristics, treatment regimens, operation detail, postoperative variables, and follow-up time were recorded for each case. Differences in features between patients undergoing lobectomy and segmentectomy were compared. We also performed a case review and summarized reported clinical features in former studies. RESULTS Altogether 61 pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma patients were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-six patients were female and 5 were male. The patients' median age was 51 (23-73). Seven (11.48%) patients had smoking history. Twenty tumors were located in the right lung [upper lobe (n = 7), middle (n = 2), and lower (n = 11)] and 41 in the left [upper (n = 12) and lower (n = 29)]. The median tumor size was 2 (0.9-7) cm. Thirty-six (59.02%) patients underwent sublobectomy (segmentectomy or wedge resection) whereas 25 (40.98%) underwent lobectomy. All patients recovered uneventfully, and no perioperative mortality was identified. Sublobectomy showed a trend towards reduced chest tube duration and shorter postoperative hospital stays compared with lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed good prognosis of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma and proved its benign characteristics. Sublobectomy showed advanced efficacy regarding chest tube duration and postoperative hospital stay compared with lobectomy.
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Unusual lung tumors-from morphology to genetics. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:57-65. [PMID: 34518633 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most pathologists are well versed in the diagnosis of lung cancer, given the common nature of the disease. Occasionally more unusual neoplasms are encountered in lung biopsies and resections, which may be difficult to distinguish from "run of the mill" lung cancer cases based on overlapping morphologic and immunophenotypic features. The accurate diagnosis of these rare entities is quite challenging and requires careful morphological examination paired with judicious use of ancillary immunohistochemical and genetic studies. Herein, the clinicopathological and genetic features of five unusual lung tumors will be reviewed, including thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor, NUT carcinoma, sclerosing pneumocytoma, primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma/angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, and bronchiolar adenoma/ ciliated muconodular papillary tumor. Since recognition of these entities by pathologists is of increasing importance to guide prognosis and therapy, emphasis will be placed on practical tips to reach these rare diagnoses with confidence.
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Gomes CC. Recurrent driver mutations in benign tumors. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108412. [PMID: 35690415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of benign tumors may bring essential information to clarify the process of tumorigenesis, and ultimately improve the understanding of events such as malignant transformation. The definition of benign neoplasia is not always straightforward and herein the issues surrounding this concept are discussed. Benign neoplasms share all cancer hallmarks with malignancies, except for metastatic potential. Recently, next-generation sequencing has provided unprecedented opportunities to unravel the genetic basis of benign neoplasms and, so far, we have learned that benign neoplasms are indeed characterized by the presence of genetic mutations, including genes rearrangements. Driver mutations in advanced cancer are those that confer growth advantage, and which have been positively selected during cancer evolution. Herein, some discussion will be brought about this concept in the context of cancer prevention, involving precursor lesions and benign neoplasms. When considering early detection and cancer prevention, a driver mutation should not only be advantageous (i.e., confer survival advantage), but predisposing (i.e., promoting a cancer phenotype). By including the benign counterparts of malignant neoplasms in tumor biology studies, it is possible to evaluate the risk posed by a given mutation and to differentiate advantageous from predisposing mutations, further refining the concept of driver mutations. Therefore, the study of benign neoplasms should be encouraged because it provides valuable information on tumorigenesis central for understanding the progression from initiation to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cavalieri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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12
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Ajjarapu SM, Tiwari A, Taj G, Singh DB, Singh S, Kumar S. Simulation studies, 3D QSAR and molecular docking on a point mutation of protein kinase B with flavonoids targeting ovarian Cancer. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:68. [PMID: 34727985 PMCID: PMC8564994 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the world's dreaded disease and its prevalence is expanding globally. The study of integrated molecular networks is crucial for the basic mechanism of cancer cells and their progression. During the present investigation, we have examined different flavonoids that target protein kinases B (AKT1) protein which exerts their anticancer efficiency intriguing the role in cross-talk cell signalling, by metabolic processes through in-silico approaches. METHOD Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was performed to analyze and evaluate the stability of the complexes under physiological conditions and the results were congruent with molecular docking. This investigation revealed the effect of a point mutation (W80R), considered based on their frequency of occurrence, with AKT1 protein. RESULTS The ligand with high docking scores and favourable behaviour on dynamic simulations are proposed as potential W80R inhibitors. A virtual screening analysis was performed with 12,000 flavonoids satisfying Lipinski's rule of five according to which drug-likeness is predicted based on its pharmacological and biological properties to be active and taken orally. The pharmacokinetic ADME (adsorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion) studies featured drug-likeness. Subsequently, a statistically significant 3D-QSAR model of high correlation coefficient (R2) with 0.822 and cross-validation coefficient (Q2) with 0.6132 at 4 component PLS (partial least square) were used to verify the accuracy of the models. Taxifolin holds good interactions with the binding domain of W80R, highest Glide score of - 9.63 kcal/mol with OH of GLU234 and H bond ASP274 and LEU156 amino acid residues and one pi-cation interaction and one hydrophobic bond with LYS276. CONCLUSION Natural compounds have always been a richest source of active compounds with a wide variety of structures, therefore, these compounds showed a special inspiration for medical chemists. The present study has aimed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies on taxifolin targeting W80R mutant protein of protein kinase B/serine- threonine kinase/AKT1 (EC:2.7.11.1) protein of ovarian cancer for designing therapeutic intervention. The expected result supported the molecular cause in a mutant form which resulted in a gain of ovarian cancer. Here we discussed validations computationally and yet experimental evaluation or in vivo studies are endorsed for further study. Several of these compounds should become the next marvels for early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Maheswari Ajjarapu
- Bioinformatics Sub-DIC, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Apoorv Tiwari
- Bioinformatics Sub-DIC, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Gohar Taj
- Bioinformatics Sub-DIC, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dev Bukhsh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar, 272202, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sundip Kumar
- Bioinformatics Sub-DIC, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
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13
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Wang Q, Lu C, Jiang M, Li M, Yang X, Zhang L, He Y, Mao C, Fu P, Yang Y, Xiao H. Case Report and Literature Review: Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma With Multiple Metastases Harboring AKT1 E17K Somatic Mutation and TP53 C176Y Germline Mutation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:655574. [PMID: 34568352 PMCID: PMC8455843 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.655574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma (PSP) is considered as a benign tumor, although a few cases have been reported to have multiple lesions, recurrence, and even regional lymph nodes (LNs) metastasis. Here, we report a case of PSP with atypical histologic features and malignant biological behavior, and explore its molecular genetic changes. The 23-year-old male showed a 6.5-cm pulmonary nodule in the right middle lobe (RML) and enlarged media stinal LNs. He underwent thoracoscopic RML lobectomy, systematic LNs dissection, and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. The metastases to the cervical LNs and liver were detected in a short period and then resected. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PSP in all the lesions, based on the histological characteristics and immune phenotypes. Furthermore, whole-exome sequencing identified both AKT1 E17K somatic mutation and TP53 C176Y germline mutation in this case. Thus, we presented an extremely rare case of atypical PSP with rapid recurrence and multiply metastases, which can easily be misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer. In addition, PSP-specific AKT1 E17K somatic E17K somatic mutation accompanied with TP53 C176Y germline mutation may contribute to the malignant clinical course of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Lu
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minrui Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyi Mao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Jung SH, Park HC, Choi YJ, Song SY, Chung YJ, Lee SH. Molecular genetic evidence supporting diverse histogenic origins of germ cell tumors. J Pathol 2021; 256:38-49. [PMID: 34561860 DOI: 10.1002/path.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) originate during the histogenesis of primordial germ cells to mature gametes. Previous studies identified five histogenic mechanisms in ovarian mature teratomas (type I: failure of meiosis I; type II: failure of meiosis II; type III: duplication of the genome of a mature gamete; type IV: no meiosis; and type V: fusion of two different ova), but those of other GCTs remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed 84 GCTs of various pathologic types to identify the histogenesis using single-nucleotide polymorphism array by analyzing copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) and copy number alterations (CNAs). We detected types I and II in ovarian teratomas, type III in ovarian teratomas and yolk sac tumors (YSTs), and type IV in all GCT types. The GCTs with multiple-type histogenesis (I-IV) (ovarian mature/immature teratomas and YST) show meiotic CN-LOH with scant CNAs. Type IV-only GCTs are either with mitotic CN-LOH and abundant CNAs (seminoma, dysgerminoma, testicular mixed GCTs) or with scant CNAs and no CN-LOH (pediatric testicular and mediastinal teratomas). The development sequences of CN-LOH and CNA are different between the multiple type (I-IV) GCTs and type IV-only GCTs. We analyzed two different histologic areas in eight GCTs (one mature teratoma with a mucin-secreting adenoma, two immature teratomas, and five mixed GCTs). We found that GCTs (mature teratoma, immature teratoma, and mixed GCT) showed different genomic alterations between histologic areas, suggesting that genomic differences within a GCT could accompany histologic differentiation. Of note, we found evidence for collision tumors in a mixed GCT. Our data indicate that GCTs may have various histogenesis and intratumoral genomic differences, which might provide important information for the identification of GCTs, especially for those with different histologic areas. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Precision Medicine Research Center/IRCGP, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chun Park
- Department of Precision Medicine Research Center/IRCGP, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Precision Medicine Research Center/IRCGP, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Syred K, Morrison I, Weissferdt A. Benign tumours of the bronchopulmonary system. Histopathology 2021; 78:918-931. [PMID: 33629377 DOI: 10.1111/his.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of tumours arising in the bronchopulmonary system are malignant in nature. Benign tumours of the lung are relatively rare and are often incidental findings during clinical investigations for unrelated conditions. These lesions can arise in the bronchial tree or the pulmonary parenchyma and may be of epithelial, mesenchymal, salivary gland-type or unknown differentiation. Although the spectrum of these lesions is wide, the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the most relevant will be the subject of this review. In addition, the most important features allowing differentiation from malignant pulmonary neoplasms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Syred
- Department of Pathology, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Iain Morrison
- Department of Cellular Pathology, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Uzun S, Özcan Ö, Işık A, Sağlam A, Gedikoğlu G, Demiröz AS, Kuzu I, Üner A, Akyol A. Loss of CTNNB1 exon 3 in sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:747-754. [PMID: 33650044 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rare vascular lesion of the spleen. Although several hypotheses have been suggested, the etiopathogenesis of SANT remains unknown. It is also unclear whether SANT is a reactive or a neoplastic lesion. Since CTNNB1 (β-catenin gene) exon 3 mutations were frequently detected in some rare fibrovascular lesions, we aimed to investigate the presence of oncogenic CTNNB1 mutations in SANT cases. For this purpose, 7 cases of SANT with typical histopathological features were retrieved. First, the presence of CTNNB1 exon 3 alterations was examined with a recently described immunohistochemistry-based method. Then, the findings were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing. In all cases, immunochemistry of β-catenin gave a staining pattern that was suggestive of exon 3 alteration; however, no missense mutations were found in any case at the CTNNB1 exon 3 hotspot region. Subsequently, we screened for large interstitial deletions of CTNNB1 exon 3 which revealed short PCR products in three cases. Sequencing confirmed that these cases had large interstitial deletions, resulting in loss of the entire exon 3 of CTNNB1. In the remaining four cases, loss of exon 3 was documented at the cDNA level, although genomic deletion was not identified. These results demonstrate that loss of CTNNB1 exon 3 and stabilization of β-catenin with activation of Wnt signaling pathway might have a significant role in the pathogenesis of SANT. Through this study, we provided important evidence for the neoplastic nature and pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarp Uzun
- Tumor Biology and Immunology PhD Program, Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Özcan
- Stem Cell Sciences PhD Program, Department of Stem Cell, Hacettepe University Faculty of Sciences, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aynur Işık
- Hacettepe University Transgenic Animal Technologies Research and Application Center, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Sağlam
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Gedikoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahu Senem Demiröz
- Department of Pathology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Fatih, 34098, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Işınsu Kuzu
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Üner
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Tumor Pathology Division, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University Molecular Pathology Research and Application Center, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Hacettepe University Transgenic Animal Technologies Research and Application Center, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey. .,Tumor Pathology Division, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey. .,Hacettepe University Molecular Pathology Research and Application Center, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Salivary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Is a Histologically Diverse Single Entity With Recurrent AKT1 E17K Mutations: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization With Proposal for a Unified Classification. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1337-1347. [PMID: 33739781 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-producing salivary adenocarcinomas were historically divided into separate colloid carcinoma, papillary cystadenocarcinoma, and signet ring cell carcinoma diagnoses based on histologic pattern, but have recently been grouped together in the adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified category. It is currently unclear if these tumors represent 1 or more distinct entities and how they are related to well-circumscribed papillary mucinous lesions with recurrent AKT1 E17K mutations that were recently described as salivary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Here, we sought to evaluate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of salivary mucinous adenocarcinomas to clarify their classification. We identified 17 invasive mucin-producing salivary adenocarcinomas, 10 with a single histologic pattern, and 7 with mixed patterns. While most tumors demonstrated papillary growth (n=15), it was frequently intermixed with colloid (n=6) and signet ring (n=3) architecture with obvious transitions between patterns. All were cytokeratin 7 positive (100%) and cytokeratin 20 negative (0%). Next-generation sequencing performed on a subset demonstrated recurrent AKT1 E17K mutations in 8 cases (100%) and TP53 alterations in 7 cases (88%). Of 12 cases with clinical follow-up (median: 17 mo), 4 developed cervical lymph node metastases, all of which had colloid or signet ring components. Overall, overlapping histologic and immunohistochemical features coupled with recurrent AKT1 E17K mutations across patterns suggests that mucin-producing salivary adenocarcinomas represent a histologically diverse single entity that is closely related to tumors described as salivary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. We propose a unified mucinous adenocarcinoma category subdivided into papillary, colloid, signet ring, and mixed subtypes to facilitate better recognition and classification of these tumors.
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18
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Kim YJ, Jung SH, Hur EH, Choi EJ, Lee KH, Park HC, Kim HJ, Kwon YR, Park S, Lee SH, Chung YJ, Lee JH. Clinical implications of copy number alteration detection using panel-based next-generation sequencing data in myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2021; 103:106540. [PMID: 33667811 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow the simultaneous identification of targeted copy number alterations (CNAs) as well as somatic mutations using the same panel-based NGS data. We investigated whether CNAs detected by the targeted NGS data provided additional clinical implications, over somatic mutations, in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Targeted deep sequencing of 28 well-known MDS-related genes was performed for 266 patients with MDS. Overall, 215 (80.8 %) patients were found to have at least one somatic mutation; 67 (25.2 %) had at least one CNA; 227 (85.3 %) had either a somatic mutation or CNA; and 12 had CNA without somatic mutations. Considering the clinical variables and somatic mutations alone, multivariate analysis demonstrated that sex, revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), and NRAS and TP53 mutations were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. For AML-free survival, these factors were sex, IPSS-R, and mutations in NRAS, DNMT3A, and complex karyotype/TP53 mutations. When we consider clinical variables along with somatic mutations and CNAs, genetic alterations in TET2, LAMB4, U2AF1, and CBL showed additional significant impact on the survivals. In conclusion, our study suggests that the concurrent detection of somatic mutations and targeted CNAs may provide clinically useful information for the prognosis of MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Hur
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chun Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Rim Kwon
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Boland JM, Lee HE, Barr Fritcher EG, Voss JS, Jessen E, Davila JI, Kipp BR, Graham RP, Maleszewski JJ, Yi ES. Molecular Genetic Landscape of Sclerosing Pneumocytomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:397-404. [PMID: 33145590 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sclerosing pneumocytomas are rare pulmonary neoplasms that are typically benign. However, rare patients experience progressive disease, and therapy targeting specific genetic underpinnings could be an attractive therapeutic option. Recent studies have found recurrent AKT 1 mutations in sclerosing pneumocytoma, but little is known about whether oncogenic fusion genes may also be present. METHODS To better understand the genetic background, 10 sclerosing pneumocytomas were subjected to next-generation sequencing cancer mutation panel testing (n = 9) and/or RNA sequencing (n = 3). The patients were all women (average age, 47 years; range, 17-74 years). RESULTS Eight patients had solitary sclerosing pneumocytomas, while one had two tumors, and one had many bilateral tumors. Recurrent mutations were noted in genes involved in the mTOR pathway, including AKT1, PIK3R1, and PTEN. AKT1 alterations were particularly common, present in 78%. No recurrent genetic fusions were identified. The patient in our study with multiple bilateral lesions was treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus, with no objective radiographic evidence of treatment response after 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Our data further support that abnormal activation of the mTOR pathway is a consistent genetic event in sclerosing pneumocytoma. This warrants further exploration to determine if mTOR pathway inhibitors may be effective in patients with metastatic or recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Boland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hee Eun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jesse S Voss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Erik Jessen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Research Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jaime I Davila
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Research Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Eunhee S Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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20
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AKT1 Mutations in Peripheral Bronchiolar Papilloma: Glandular Papilloma and Mixed Squamous Cell and Glandular Papilloma Is Distinct From Bronchiolar Adenoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:119-126. [PMID: 32868527 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glandular papilloma (GP) and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MP) are rare benign pulmonary tumors occurring in the bronchi. Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) was recently characterized as a pulmonary tumor exhibiting alveolar spread. Both GP/MP and BA are composed of a mixture of glandular, ciliated, squamous, and basal cells. We aimed to clarify whether GP/MP and BA represent the same tumor. We evaluated the detailed histologic characteristics of 11 cases involving pulmonary peripheral tumors that exhibited histologic features of GP/MP or BA, and performed genetic analyses using targeted panel sequencing, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, and digital polymerase chain reaction. Histologically, 4 and 7 tumors were classified as GP/MP and BA, respectively. GP/MP showed endobronchiolar papillary growth with a pseudostratified or stratified epithelium. In contrast, 5 BAs showed a predominant flat structure with a bilayered or pseudostratified epithelium, whereas 2 BAs showed a GP/MP-like papillary architecture. The mean epithelial thickness in each tumor was significantly larger in GP/MPs and BAs with a GP/MP-like morphology (103 to 242 μm) than in flat-predominant BA (23 to 47 μm, P=0.0010). AKT1 E17K mutations were detected in all GP/MPs and BAs with GP/MP-like morphology but were absent in the 5 flat-predominant BAs. AKT1 mutations were always concurrent with BRAF or HRAS mutations, and the variant allele frequency or percentage of mutant copies of AKT1 mutations was equal to those of BRAF or HRAS mutations. GP/MPs are characterized by AKT1 mutations concurrent with BRAF or HRAS mutations. Peribronchiolar papillary tumors with AKT1 mutations may also be classified as GP/MP.
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21
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Distinct genomic profiles of gestational choriocarcinoma, a unique cancer of pregnant tissues. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:2046-2054. [PMID: 33319857 PMCID: PMC8080714 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about genomic alterations of gestational choriocarcinoma (GC), unique cancer that originates in pregnant tissues, and the progression mechanisms from the nonmalignant complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) to GC. Whole-exome sequencing (20 GCs) and/or single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (29 GCs) were performed. We analyzed copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in 29 GCs that exhibited androgenetic CN-LOHs (20 monospermic, 8 dispermic) and no CN-LOH (one with NLRP7 mutation). Most GCs (25/29) harboring recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) and gains on 1q21.1-q44 were significantly associated with poor prognosis. We detected five driver mutations in the GCs, most of which were chromatin remodeling gene (ARID1A, SMARCD1, and EP300) mutations but not in common cancer genes such as TP53 and KRAS. One patient’s serial CHM/invasive mole/GC showed consistent CN-LOHs, but only the GC harbored CNAs, indicating that CN-LOH is an early pivotal event in HM-IM-GC development, and CNAs may be a late event that promotes CHM progression to GC. Our data indicate that GCs have unique profiles of CN-LOHs, mutations and CNAs that together differentiate GCs from non-GCs. Practically, CN-LOH and CNA profiles are useful for the molecular diagnosis of GC and the selection of GC patients with poor prognosis for more intensive treatments, respectively. Genomic analysis reveals chromosomal alterations that drive disease progression in a poorly understood class of tumors that form in placental tissue. Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) arises during pregnancy and can quickly develop into lethal metastatic disease if not treated promptly. To identify the origins of such malignancies, researchers led by Sug Hyung Lee and Yeun-Jun Chung at The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, profiled genetic aberrations in 29 GC specimens. The researchers did not observe any consistent link between these malignancies and a particular set of ‘driver mutations’ underlying tumor progression as has been seen in other solid tumors. However, these GC samples exhibited striking levels of rearrangement between chromosomes. The researchers propose that the gain or loss of genes resulting from these chromosomal abnormalities may be an important contributor to rapidly progressing forms of this disease.
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22
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Jung CK, Jung SH, Jeon S, Jeong YM, Kim Y, Lee S, Bae JS, Chung YJ. Risk Stratification Using a Novel Genetic Classifier Including PLEKHS1 Promoter Mutations for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Distant Metastasis. Thyroid 2020; 30:1589-1600. [PMID: 32326836 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although most differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) have indolent behavior, DTCs with distant metastasis have a poor prognosis. However, there are no validated markers that predict the risk of distant metastasis and the prognosis of DTC. We aimed to develop a genetic classifier for predicting the outcomes of DTC patients with distant metastases. Methods: Targeted deep sequencing of 157 cancer-related genes was performed for 61 DTCs with distant metastases. A candidate mutation was validated with independent thyroid cancer samples using digital polymerase chain reaction. Results: The most frequently mutated gene in the 61 DTCs was BRAF (n = 31, 51%), followed by TERT promoter (n = 28, 46%), NRAS (n = 13, 11%), PLEKHS1 promoter (n = 6, 10%), and STK11 (n = 6, 10%) mutations. PLEKHS1 promoter mutations were more common in the radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory cases (p = 0.003). Losses of 9q and 11q were associated with RAI-refractory disease (p = 0.002) and cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.028), respectively. In multivariate analysis, bone metastasis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 15.17, 95% confidence interval [CI 3.38-68.06], p < 0.001) and at least one mutation in the TERT promoter, the PLEKHS1 promoter, or TP53 (aOR = 7.64 [CI 1.78-32.76], p = 0.006) remained significant factors associated with RAI-refractoriness. In independently collected papillary thyroid carcinomas without initial distant metastasis (n = 75), a PLEKHS1 promoter mutation was only found in one case that developed distant metastasis during the follow-up period. We developed a genetic classifier consisting of BRAF, RAS, the TERT promoter, the PLEKHS1 promoter, and TP53 for categorizing the prognosis of patients with DTC with distant metastasis. In the poor-prognosis group, 61% of the patients were RAI-refractory and death occurred in 21% during the follow-up. In the intermediate-prognosis group, 29% were RAI-refractory, but no death occurred. In the good-prognosis group, all patients were RAI-responsive and no death occurred. Conclusions: Mutations in the PLEKHS1 promoter are a novel genetic marker of aggressive DTC. Our genetic classifier can be useful for predicting RAI-refractory disease and poor prognosis in DTC patients with distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Jeon
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mun Jeong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yourha Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Seong Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- IRCGP, Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Pal P, Chetty R. Multiple sclerosing pneumocytomas: a review. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:531-534. [PMID: 32317291 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) is a rare benign low-grade tumour of the lung, and typically presents as single discrete coin lesions on imaging. Multiple SP is an exceedingly rare entity and thus reported sparingly. We review the literature on multiple SP, their clinical presentations, histopathology, relevant differential diagnoses and molecular histogenesis of this entity. SP has a predilection for East Asian origin females who have never smoked. Patients are either asymptomatic or have symptoms such as cough, haemoptysis that may be persistent, chest pain if involving the pleura and presents as discrete coin lesion on chest X-ray. Histologically, they are papillary, solid, angiomatoid or sclerotic, or combinations of these four basic patterns. Multiple lesions have the same or slightly different histological patterns. They can be distributed in either lung, in any lobe and can even be bilateral. AKT-1 molecular pathways are pivotal in their molecular pathogenesis. In this review, we further propose a classification based on five types of distribution of multiple SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodipto Pal
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Pathology, University Health Network Laboratory Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University Health Network Laboratory Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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AKT1 internal tandem duplications and point mutations are the genetic hallmarks of sclerosing pneumocytoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:391-403. [PMID: 31527710 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing pneumocytoma is a unique benign neoplasm of the lungs. The molecular alterations in sclerosing pneumocytoma are not well understood. In a previous whole-exome sequencing study, recurrent AKT1 point mutation was observed in about half of the cases of sclerosing pneumocytoma. However, in the remaining half, cancer-related mutations have still not been identified. In this study, we first analyzed the raw sequence data from the previous whole-exome sequencing study (PRJNA297066 cohort). Using Genomon-ITDetector, a special software for detection of internal tandem duplications, we identified recurrent internal tandem duplications in the AKT1 gene in 22 of the 44 tumor samples (50%). All the cases positive for AKT1 internal tandem duplications lacked AKT1 point mutations. Next, we performed targeted next-generation sequencing in an independent cohort of sclerosing pneumocytoma from our hospital (VGH-TPE cohort), and again identified recurrent AKT1 internal tandem duplications in 20 of the 40 (50%) tumor samples analyzed. The internal tandem duplications resulted in duplications of 7 to 16 amino acids in a narrow region of the Pleckstrin homology domain of the AKT1 protein. This region contains the interaction interface between the Pleckstrin homology and kinase domains, which is known to play a critical role in the activation of the AKT1 protein. Moreover, we found that AKT1 internal tandem duplications were mutually exclusive of other forms of AKT1 mutations, including point mutations and short indels. Taking all forms of AKT1 mutations together, we detected AKT1 mutations in almost all the sclerosing pneumocytomas in our study (PRJNA297066 cohort: 41 out of 44 cases, 93%; VGH-TPE cohort: 40 out of 40 cases, 100%). Our results suggest that AKT1 mutation is the genetic hallmark of sclerosing pneumocytoma. These results would help in better understanding of the pathogenesis of sclerosing pneumocytoma.
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25
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Reiter JG, Baretti M, Gerold JM, Makohon-Moore AP, Daud A, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Azad NS, Kinzler KW, Nowak MA, Vogelstein B. An analysis of genetic heterogeneity in untreated cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:639-650. [PMID: 31455892 PMCID: PMC6816333 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic intratumoural heterogeneity is a natural consequence of imperfect DNA replication. Any two randomly selected cells, whether normal or cancerous, are therefore genetically different. Here, we review the different forms of genetic heterogeneity in cancer and re-analyse the extent of genetic heterogeneity within seven types of untreated epithelial cancers, with particular regard to its clinical relevance. We find that the homogeneity of predicted functional mutations in driver genes is the rule rather than the exception. In primary tumours with multiple samples, 97% of driver-gene mutations in 38 patients were homogeneous. Moreover, among metastases from the same primary tumour, 100% of the driver mutations in 17 patients were homogeneous. With a single biopsy of a primary tumour in 14 patients, the likelihood of missing a functional driver-gene mutation that was present in all metastases was 2.6%. Furthermore, all functional driver-gene mutations detected in these 14 primary tumours were present among all their metastases. Finally, we found that individual metastatic lesions responded concordantly to targeted therapies in 91% of 44 patients. These analyses indicate that the cells within the primary tumours that gave rise to metastases are genetically homogeneous with respect to functional driver-gene mutations, and we suggest that future efforts to develop combination therapies have the potential to be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Reiter
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Marina Baretti
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gerold
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alvin P Makohon-Moore
- The David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adil Daud
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- The David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Ludwig Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin A Nowak
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Ludwig Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Nasr Y, Bettoli M, El Demellawy D, Sekhon H, de Nanassy J. Sclerosing Pneumocytoma of the Lungs Arising in a Child With PTEN Mutation. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:579-583. [PMID: 31166879 DOI: 10.1177/1093526619851423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of sclerosing pneumocytoma occurring in a child with PTEN mutation. A 13-year-old female presented to the emergency department of an adult hospital following 2 to 3 days of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. A primary lung lesion was discovered during her initial chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia. The patient underwent an uneventful thoracoscopic right upper lobe segmentectomy. The pathology demonstrated a sclerosing pneumocytoma of the lung. She tested positive for PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome with a pathogenic variant at c.388 C > T. The PTEN mutation was also identified in the sclerosing pneumocytoma. Further study of PTEN mutation in sclerosing pneumocytoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Nasr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcos Bettoli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harman Sekhon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospitals, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph de Nanassy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Jiang G, Zhang M, Tan Q, Lin S, Zeng Y, Liu C, Chen R, Zhou J. Identification of the BRAF V600E mutation in a patient with sclerosing pneumocytoma: A case report. Lung Cancer 2019; 137:52-55. [PMID: 31546071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sclerosing pneumocytoma (sclerosing hemangioma, SP) is a rare benign tumor of the lung with a low risk of recurrence. The genomic profile of SP is not well-known. Here we report gene mutation findings in a 17-year-old girl with SP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and sanger sequencing were performed on the tumor tissue of this patient for pathological diagnosis and gene mutation analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Two mutations were identified in the tumor tissue by NGS and sanger sequencing: AKT1 E17K and BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) V600E. This is the first case report of a BRAF V600E mutation in a patient with SP. This discovery extends our understanding of the pathogenesis of SP, and suggests the need for future testing of BRAF V600E in this rare tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Jiang
- Dongguan People's Hospital, No. 3, South Wandao Road, Wanjiang District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, 523059, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Geneplus-Beijing Ltd., Floor 9, Building 6, Medical Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qinquan Tan
- Dongguan People's Hospital, No. 3, South Wandao Road, Wanjiang District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, 523059, China
| | - Shunhuan Lin
- Dongguan People's Hospital, No. 3, South Wandao Road, Wanjiang District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, 523059, China
| | - Yihong Zeng
- Dongguan People's Hospital, No. 3, South Wandao Road, Wanjiang District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, 523059, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Dongguan People's Hospital, No. 3, South Wandao Road, Wanjiang District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, 523059, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Geneplus-Beijing Ltd., Floor 9, Building 6, Medical Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Dongguan People's Hospital, No. 3, South Wandao Road, Wanjiang District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, 523059, China.
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28
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Coura BP, Bernardes VF, de Sousa SF, França JA, Pereira NB, Pontes HAR, Batista AC, da Cruz Perez DE, Albuquerque Junior RLCD, de Souza LB, Martins MD, Diniz MG, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. KRAS mutations drive adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and are independent of clinicopathological features. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:799-806. [PMID: 30643167 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a benign encapsulated epithelial odontogenic tumor that shows an indolent clinical behavior. We have reported in a few adenomatoid odontogenic tumors mutations in KRAS, which is a proto-oncogene frequently mutated in cancer such as lung, pancreas, and colorectal adenocarcinomas. We aimed to assess KRAS mutations in the hotspot codons 12, 13, and 61 in a large cohort of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors and to test the association of these mutations with clinical (age, site, tumor size, follicular/extrafollicular subtypes) and histopathological parameters. Thirty eight central cases were studied. KRAS codon 12 mutations were assessed by TaqMan allele-specific qPCR (p.G12V/R) and/or Sanger sequencing, and codon 13 and 61 mutations were screened by Sanger. Histological tumor capsule thickness was evaluated by morphometric analysis. Additionally, the phosphorylated form of the MAPK downstream effector ERK1/2 was investigated. Statistical analysis was carried out to test the association of KRAS mutations with clinicopathological parameters. KRAS c.35 G >T mutation, leading to p.G12V, was detected in 15 cases. A novel mutation in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, c.34 G >C, leading to p.G12R, was detected in 12 cases and the other 11 were wild-type. Codon 12 mutations were not associated with the clinicopathological parameters tested. RAS mutations are known to activate the MAPK pathway, and we show that adenomatoid odontogenic tumors express phosphorylated ERK1/2. In conclusion, a high proportion of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (27/38, 71%) have KRAS codon 12 mutations, which occur independently of the clinicopathological features evaluated. Collectively, these findings indicate that KRAS mutations and MAPK pathway activation are the common features of this tumor and some cancer types. Although it is unclear why different codon 12 alleles occur in different disease contexts and the complex interactions between tumor genotype and phenotype need clarification, on the basis of our results the presence of KRAS p.G12V/R favors the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor diagnosis in challenging oral neoplasm cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pizziolo Coura
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Fátima Bernardes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Josiane Alves França
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Núbia Braga Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Service of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Gonçalves Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavalieri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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29
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Jung SH, Jun SY, Shin S, Hong SM, Song SY, Yoo NJ, Chung YJ, Lee SH. Analysis of driver somatic mutations in heterotopia of pancreas, spleen, liver and adrenal tissues. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152461. [PMID: 31146978 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Jung
- Cancer Evolution Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jun
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun Jun Chung
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Kim YJ, Jung SH, Hur EH, Choi EJ, Lee KH, Yim SH, Kim HJ, Kwon YR, Jeon YW, Lee SH, Chung YJ, Lee JH. TP53 mutation in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for de novo myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2018; 74:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Yu SM, Jung SH, Chung YJ. Comparison of the Genetic Alterations between Primary Colorectal Cancers and Their Corresponding Patient-Derived Xenograft Tissues. Genomics Inform 2018; 16:30-35. [PMID: 30304923 PMCID: PMC6187809 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2018.16.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful tools for tumor biology research and testing the efficacy of candidate anticancer drugs targeting the druggable mutations identified in tumor tissue. However, it is still unknown how much of the genetic alterations identified in primary tumors are consistently detected in tumor tissues in the PDX model. In this study, we analyzed the genetic alterations of three primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) and matched xenograft tissues in PDX models using a next-generation sequencing cancer panel. Of the 17 somatic mutations identified from the three CRCs, 14 (82.4%) were consistently identified in both primary and xenograft tumors. The other three mutations identified in the primary tumor were not detected in the xenograft tumor tissue. There was no newly identified mutation in the xenograft tumor tissues. In addition to the somatic mutations, the copy number alteration profiles were also largely consistent between the primary tumor and xenograft tissue. All of these data suggest that the PDX tumor model preserves the majority of the key mutations detected in the primary tumor site. This study provides evidence that the PDX model is useful for testing targeted therapies in the clinical field and research on precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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32
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Lee M, Kim K, Kim SY, Jung SH, Yoon J, Kim MS, Park HC, Jung ES, Chung YJ, Lee SH. Genomic structures of dysplastic nodule and concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:37-46. [PMID: 29949741 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN) is a preneoplastic lesion that precedes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the genomic structures of HGDN in conjunction with HCC remain elusive. The objective of this study was to identify genomic alterations of HGDN and its difference from HCC that may drive HGDN progression to HCC. We analyzed 16 regions of paired HGDN and HCC from 6 patients using whole-exome sequencing to find somatic mutation and copy number alteration (CNA) profiles of HGDN and HCC. The numbers of mutations, driver mutations, and CNAs of HGDNs were not significantly different from those of HCCs. We identified that the CNA gain of 1q25.3-1q42.13 was predominant in the HCCs compared with that in the HGDNs. Two cases (one nodule-in-nodule case and another case with closely attached HCC and HGDN) showed several overlapped driver mutations (CTNNB1 and CEBPA) and CNAs (losses of CDKN2A, RB1, and TP53) between HGDNs and HCCs, suggesting their roles in the early HCC development. The other 4 cases with spatially separated HCCs and HGDNs showed few overlapped alterations between the paired HCCs and HGDNs. Mutations in ERBB2 and CCND1, and CNAs (gains of CTNNB1, MET, and SMO and losses of PTEN, TP53, and SETD2) were identified as "HCC predominant," suggesting their roles in the progression of HGDN to HCC. Our data show that HCCs are direct descendants of HGDNs in some cases, but there is no direct evidence of such relationship in spatially separated cases. Genomic features of HGDN identified in this study provide a useful resource for dissecting clues for the genetic diagnosis of HGDN and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Lee
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Kim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinn Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Yoon
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chun Park
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Kim MS, Yoo NJ, Hwang H, Kim MR, Lee SH. Absence of KRAS hotspot mutations in endometriosis of Korean patients. Histopathology 2018; 73:357-360. [PMID: 29604100 DOI: 10.1111/his.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min S Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam J Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee-Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug H Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Kitawaki Y, Fujishima F, Taniuchi S, Saito R, Nakamura Y, Sato R, Aoyama Y, Onodera Y, Inoshita N, Matsuda Y, Watanabe M, Sasano H. Coexistence of glandular papilloma and sclerosing pneumocytoma in the bronchiole. Pathol Int 2018; 68:425-430. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitawaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Ryoko Saito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University; Sendai
| | - Ryoko Sato
- Division of Pathology; Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Yayoi Aoyama
- Division of Pathology; Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Mika Watanabe
- Research Division for Development of Anti-Infective Agents; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Choi SH, Park HC, Kim MS, Chung YJ, Lee SH. Whole-exome sequencing of chondroid hamartoma of lung identified no driver mutations. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:459-462. [PMID: 29482990 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hye Choi
- Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Precision Medicine Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chun Park
- Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Precision Medicine Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Precision Medicine Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Precision Medicine Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kawai H, Takayashiki N, Otani H, Sakashita S, Noguchi M. A case of microscopic, multiple sclerosing pneumocytoma. Pathol Int 2018; 68:196-201. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kawai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
| | | | - Haruo Otani
- Department of Pathology; Mito Saiseikai Hospital; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
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Fan X, Lin L, Wang J, Wang Y, Feng A, Nie L, Wu H, Meng F, Xu H. Genome profile in a extremely rare case of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma presenting with diffusely-scattered nodules in the right lung. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 19:13-19. [PMID: 29236566 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1360443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) typically presents solitary and peripheral mass, while only rarely cases display unusual multiple lesions. We reported a extremely rare case of PSP with diffusely-scattered nodules in the right lung. CASE PRESENTATION Diffusely round-shaped nodular shadows in the right lung were found by CT scan in a 31-year-old Chinese woman. The patient undergone the right pneumnectomy. Grossly, numerous small nodules, up to 2.5 cm in greatest dimension were identified in the upper, middle and lower lobes of the right lung. Histologically, the tumor presented the typical features of PSP, with a variable proportion of solid, sclerotic and papillary patterns. Immunohistochemical staining further revealed that cuboidal surface epithelial cells were positive for TTF-1, EMA, AE1/3 and vimentin (partially), and round or polygonal cells expressed TTF-1, vimentin, EMA (weakly), synaptophysin (partially), progesterone receptor (partially), and estrogen receptor (scatteredly). The patient has been followed up for 83 months after surgery by annual chest CT and no new lesions are detected in her left lung and other organs. The whole-exome sequencing identified 15 somatic mutations genes (MEGF6, DNAH5, AKT1, GPRIN2, PIK3AP1, FBXO40, HERC1, VPS16, MORN1, ZNF474, CTNNB1, ZNF251, TSC1, ATM, KDR). Pathway analysis showed possible pathways like the components of CTNNB1, AKT1, and TSC1 mutations in the PI3K/AKT signalings and AKT1, KDR and ATM in VEGF signaling pathway and AKT1 activation seemed closely related with these pathways. CONCLUSION According to our and previous data, PSP with diffuse or multiple lesions is very rare, and the patients are most commonly seen in women in Asian countries. The misdiagnosis rate by clinical and intraoperative frozen-section assessment is high because of the multiple nodules in the lung and its confusing histological features. Long time follow up indicates surgical resection should not be considered as the preferred strategy for treating multiple PSP in the intralobar sites. AKT1 activation may contribute to the development of PSP while the pathogenesis of diffuse or multiple PSP still needs to be further analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshan Fan
- a Department of Pathology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ling Lin
- b Department of Medicine , Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. , Pudong New District , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- a Department of Pathology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Yu Wang
- b Department of Medicine , Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. , Pudong New District , Shanghai , China
| | - Anning Feng
- a Department of Pathology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ling Nie
- a Department of Pathology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- a Department of Pathology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Fanqing Meng
- a Department of Pathology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Haodong Xu
- c Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Somatic Mutations for NRIP1, DOK1, ULK1, ULK2, DLGAP3, PARD3 and PRKCI in Colon Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:827-832. [PMID: 28844109 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both NRIP1 and DOK1 genes are considered candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Also, cell polarity-related genes PARD3, PRKCI and DLGAP3, and autophagy-related genes ULK1 and ULK2 genes are considered to play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. The aim of our study was to find whether these genes were mutated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In a genome database, we observed that each of these genes harbored mononucleotide repeats in the coding sequences, which could be mutated in cancers with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). For this, we studied 124 CRCs for the frameshift mutations of these genes and their intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). NRIP1, DOK1, PARD3, PRKCI, DLGAP3, ULK1 and ULK2 harbored 18 (22.8%), 2 (2.5%), 2 (2.5%), 2 (2.5%), 5 (6.3%), 2 (2.5%) and 2 (2.5%) of 79 CRCs with MSI-H, respectively. However, we found no such mutations in microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers in the nucleotide repeats. We also studied ITH for the frameshift mutations in 16 cases of CRCs and detected that the frameshift mutations of NRIP1, DOK1, PARD3, PRKCI, DLGAP3, ULK1 and ULK2 showed regional ITH in 5 (31.3%), 2 (12.5%), 0 (0%), 0 (0%), 1 (6.3%), 1 (6.3%) and 3 (18.8%) cases, respectively. Our data exhibit that candidate cancer-related genes NRIP1, DOK1, PARD3, PRKCI, DLGAP3, ULK1 and ULK2 harbor mutational ITH as well as the frameshift mutations in CRC with MSI-H. Also, the results suggest that frameshift mutations of these genes might play a role in tumorigenesis through their inactivation in CRC.
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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Sequencing Reveals a Novel NOTCH1 Mutation in a Family with Single Ventricle Defects. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:1232-1240. [PMID: 28608148 PMCID: PMC5577922 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has been associated with germline mutations in 12 candidate genes and a recurrent somatic mutation in HAND1 gene. Using targeted and whole exome sequencing (WES) of heart tissue samples from HLHS patients, we sought to estimate the prevalence of somatic and germline mutations associated with HLHS. We performed Sanger sequencing of the HAND1 gene on 14 ventricular (9 LV and 5 RV) samples obtained from HLHS patients, and WES of 4 LV, 2 aortic, and 4 matched PBMC samples, analyzing for sequence discrepancy. We also screened for mutations in the 12 candidate genes implicated in HLHS. We found no somatic mutations in our HLHS cohort. However, we detected a novel germline frameshift/stop-gain mutation in NOTCH1 in a HLHS patient with a family history of both HLHS and hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS). Our study, involving one of the first familial cases of single ventricle defects linked to a specific mutation, strengthens the association of NOTCH1 mutations with HLHS and suggests that the two morphologically distinct single ventricle conditions, HLHS and HRHS, may share a common molecular and cellular etiology. Finally, somatic mutations in the LV are an unlikely contributor to HLHS.
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Lee J, Cho SM, Kim MS, Lee SH, Chung YJ, Jung SH. Circulating Tumor DNA in a Breast Cancer Patient's Plasma Represents Driver Alterations in the Tumor Tissue. Genomics Inform 2017; 15:48-50. [PMID: 28416949 PMCID: PMC5389948 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2017.15.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissues from biopsies or surgery are major sources for the next generation sequencing (NGS) study, but these procedures are invasive and have limitation to overcome intratumor heterogeneity. Recent studies have shown that driver alterations in tumor tissues can be detected by liquid biopsy which is a less invasive technique capable of both capturing the tumor heterogeneity and overcoming the difficulty in tissue sampling. However, it is still unclear whether the driver alterations in liquid biopsy can be detected by targeted NGS and how those related to the tissue biopsy. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing for a breast cancer tissue and identified PTEN p.H259fs*7 frameshift mutation. In the plasma DNA (liquid biopsy) analysis by targeted NGS, the same variant initially identified in the tumor tissue was also detected with low variant allele frequency. This mutation was subsequently validated by digital polymerase chain reaction in liquid biopsy. Our result confirm that driver alterations identified in the tumor tissue were detected in liquid biopsy by targeted NGS as well, and suggest that a higher depth of sequencing coverage is needed for detection of genomic alterations in a liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Cho
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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