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Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Boukouvala MC, Skourti A, Filintas CS, Gidari DLS, Maggi F, Rossi P, Drenaggi E, Morshedloo MR, Ferrati M, Spinozzi E. Exploring the Efficacy of Four Apiaceae Essential Oils against Nine Stored-Product Pests in Wheat Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:533. [PMID: 38498519 PMCID: PMC10893152 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Apiaceae family, known for aromatic plants producing bioactive essential oils (EOs), holds significance across sectors, including agrochemicals. This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of four Apiaceae EOs from Crithmum maritimum L., Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill, Smyrnium olusatrum L., and Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov and Kljuykov against various significant storage pests (Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Trogoderma granarium Everts, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum Jacquelin du Val, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), Acarus siro L., and Tenebrio molitor L.) on wheat. Insect mortality rates were monitored at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. Smyrnium olusatrum EO exhibited the highest efficacy, followed by T. ammi, C. maritimum, and E. persica EOs, although efficacy varied by species, developmental stage, and concentration. Notably, complete mortality occurred for several pests at 1000 ppm of S. olusatrum and T. ammi EOs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed key compounds in these EOs, including myrcene, germacrone, and curzerene in S. olusatrum EO, and thymol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene in T. ammi EO. These findings emphasize their potential as botanical insecticides. Smyrnium olusatrum and T. ammi EOs emerge as promising eco-friendly pest management options due to their efficacy, highlighted compound composition, and availability of biomass from both wild and cultivated sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Nikoleta Eleftheriadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Maria C. Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Constantin S. Filintas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Demeter Lorentha S. Gidari
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Paolo Rossi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Ettore Drenaggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518183111, Iran;
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
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Olander A, Raina JB, Lawson CA, Bartels N, Ueland M, Suggett DJ. Distinct emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from temperate benthic taxa. Metabolomics 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 38129550 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted by all organisms as intermediate or end-products of metabolic processes. Individual BVOCs perform important physiological, ecological and climatic functions, and collectively constitute the volatilome-which can be reflective of organism taxonomy and health. Although BVOC emissions of tropical benthic reef taxa have recently been the focus of multiple studies, emissions derived from their temperate counterparts have never been characterised. OBJECTIVES Characterise the volatilomes of key competitors for benthic space among Australian temperate reefs. METHODS Six fragments/fronds of a temperate coral (Plesiastrea versipora) and a macroalga (Ecklonia radiata) from a Sydney reef site were placed within modified incubation chambers filled with seawater. Organism-produced BVOCs were captured on thermal desorption tubes using a purge-and-trap methodology, and were then analysed using GC × GC - TOFMS and multivariate tests. RESULTS Analysis detected 55 and 63 BVOCs from P. versipora and E. radiata respectively, with 30 of these common between species. Each taxon was characterised by a similar relative composition of chemical classes within their volatilomes. However, 14 and 10 volatiles were distinctly emitted by either E. radiata or P. versipora respectively, including the halogenated compounds iodomethane, tribromomethane, carbon tetrachloride and trichloromonofluoromethane. While macroalgal cover was 3.7 times greater than coral cover at the sampling site, P. versipora produced on average 17 times more BVOCs per cm2 of live tissue, resulting in an estimated contribution to local BVOC emission that was 4.7 times higher than E. radiata. CONCLUSION Shifts in benthic community composition could disproportionately impact local marine chemistry and affect how ecosystems contribute to broader BVOC emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Olander
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Caitlin A Lawson
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha Bartels
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maiken Ueland
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative (KRRI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Kavallieratos NG, Nika EP, Gounari PD. Five Surfaces Treated with d-Tetramethrin plus Acetamiprid for the Management of Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus: Which Is the Best? INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050452. [PMID: 37233080 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are two common tenebrionids occurring in grain storages. In this study, we assessed the immediate and delayed mortalities caused by d-tetramethrin plus acetamiprid on five different surfaces, i.e., plastic, glass, metal, wood, and ceramic, against adults of the two species. The tests included two label doses of the insecticide (minimum and maximum) and two food scenarios (food and no food). Generally, the maximum dose was more efficient than the minimum dose, and the presence of food resulted in lower observed mortalities than when food was absent. Tenebrio molitor was more susceptible than A. diaperinus, at all dose, food, and surface scenarios. At delayed bioassays, both doses killed all T. molitor on plastic, while on wood, mortality ranged between 80.6 and 100.0%, regardless of the food scenario. Concerning A. diaperinus, delayed mortalities ranged among treated surfaces, food scenarios, and dose from 58.3 to 100.0%. The insecticide killed the most individuals when it was treated on glass, while when it was applied on wood caused the death of the least individuals. Concerning plastic, metal, and ceramic surfaces, no general trend was observed. The maximum dose of the tested insecticide provides elevated mortalities for both species when food is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Erifili P Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope D Gounari
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
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Allard CAH, Kang G, Kim JJ, Valencia-Montoya WA, Hibbs RE, Bellono NW. Structural basis of sensory receptor evolution in octopus. Nature 2023; 616:373-377. [PMID: 37045920 PMCID: PMC10228259 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotactile receptors (CRs) are a cephalopod-specific innovation that allow octopuses to explore the seafloor via 'taste by touch'1. CRs diverged from nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to mediate contact-dependent chemosensation of insoluble molecules that do not readily diffuse in marine environments. Here we exploit octopus CRs to probe the structural basis of sensory receptor evolution. We present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of an octopus CR and compare it with nicotinic receptors to determine features that enable environmental sensation versus neurotransmission. Evolutionary, structural and biophysical analyses show that the channel architecture involved in cation permeation and signal transduction is conserved. By contrast, the orthosteric ligand-binding site is subject to diversifying selection, thereby mediating the detection of new molecules. Serendipitous findings in the cryo-electron microscopy structure reveal that the octopus CR ligand-binding pocket is exceptionally hydrophobic, enabling sensation of greasy compounds versus the small polar molecules detected by canonical neurotransmitter receptors. These discoveries provide a structural framework for understanding connections between evolutionary adaptations at the atomic level and the emergence of new organismal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A H Allard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guipeun Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeong Joo Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan E Hibbs
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas W Bellono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Roncalli V, Uttieri M, Capua ID, Lauritano C, Carotenuto Y. Chemosensory-Related Genes in Marine Copepods. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:681. [PMID: 36355004 PMCID: PMC9692914 DOI: 10.3390/md20110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms deeply rely on the acquisition of chemical signals in any aspect of their life, from searching for food, mating and defending themselves from stressors. Copepods, the most abundant and ubiquitous metazoans on Earth, possess diversified and highly specified chemoreceptive structures along their body. The detection of chemical stimuli activates specific pathways, although this process has so far been analyzed only on a relatively limited number of species. Here, in silico mining of 18 publicly available transcriptomes is performed to delve into the copepod chemosensory genes, improving current knowledge on the diversity of this multigene family and on possible physiological mechanisms involved in the detection and analysis of chemical cues. Our study identifies the presence of ionotropic receptors, chemosensory proteins and gustatory receptors in copepods belonging to the Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida orders. We also confirm the absence in these copepods of odorant receptors and odorant-binding proteins agreeing with their insect specificity. Copepods have evolved several mechanisms to survive in the harsh marine environment such as producing proteins to respond to external stimulii. Overall, the results of our study open new possibilities for the use of the chemosensory genes as biomarkers in chemical ecology studies on copepods and possibly also in other marine holozooplankters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Uttieri
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Iole Di Capua
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department (RIMAR)-Marine Organism Taxonomy Core Facility (MOTax), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Ancient plant-like terpene biosynthesis in corals. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:664-669. [PMID: 35606558 PMCID: PMC9179088 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Octocorals are major contributors of terpenoid chemical diversity in the ocean. Natural products from other sessile marine animals are primarily biosynthesized by symbiotic microbes rather than by the host. Here, we challenge this long-standing paradigm by describing a monophyletic lineage of animal-encoded terpene cyclases (TCs) ubiquitous in octocorals. We characterized 15 TC enzymes from nine genera, several of which produce precursors of iconic coral-specific terpenoids, such as pseudopterosin, lophotoxin and eleutherobin. X-ray crystallography revealed that coral TCs share conserved active site residues and structural features with bacterial TCs. The identification of coral TCs enabled the targeted identification of the enzyme that constructs the coral-exclusive capnellane scaffold. Several TC genes are colocalized with genes that encode enzymes known to modify terpenes. This work presents an example of biosynthetic capacity in the kingdom Animalia that rivals the chemical complexity generated by plants, unlocking the biotechnological potential of octocorals for biomedical applications.
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Montagné N, Jager M, Chertemps T, Persyn E, Jaszczyszyn Y, Meslin C, Jacquin-Joly E, Manuel M. The Chemosensory Transcriptome of a Diving Beetle. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.773915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects astoundingly dominate Earth’s land ecosystems and have a huge impact on human life. Almost every aspect of their life relies upon their highly efficient and adaptable chemosensory system. In the air, most chemical signals that are detected at long range are hydrophobic molecules, which insects detect using proteins encoded by multigenic families that emerged following land colonization by insect ancestors, namely the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the odorant receptors (ORs). However, land-to-freshwater transitions occurred in many lineages within the insect tree of life. Whether chemosensory gene repertoires of aquatic insects remained essentially unchanged or underwent more or less drastic modifications to cope with physico-chemical constraints associated with life underwater remains virtually unknown. To address this issue, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of chemosensory organs of the diving beetle Rhantus suturalis (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). A reference transcriptome was assembled de novo using reads from five RNA-seq libraries (male and female antennae, male and female palps, and wing muscle). It contained 47,570 non-redundant unigenes encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids. Within this reference transcriptome, we annotated sequences coding 53 OBPs, 48 ORs, 73 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 53 ionotropic receptors (IRs). Phylogenetic analyses notably revealed a large OBP gene expansion (35 paralogs in R. suturalis) as well as a more modest OR gene expansion (9 paralogs in R. suturalis) that may be specific to diving beetles. Interestingly, these duplicated genes tend to be expressed in palps rather than in antennae, suggesting a possible adaptation with respect to the land-to-water transition. This work provides a strong basis for further evolutionary and functional studies that will elucidate how insect chemosensory systems adapted to life underwater.
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Winters AE, Chan W, White AM, van den Berg CP, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. Weapons or deterrents? Nudibranch molluscs use distinct ecological modes of chemical defence against predators. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:831-844. [PMID: 34839542 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defensive chemicals are used by plants and animals to reduce the risk of predation through different mechanisms, including toxins that cause injury and harm (weapons) and unpalatable or odiferous compounds that prevent attacks (deterrents). However, whether effective defences are both toxins and deterrents, or work in just one modality is often unclear. In this study, our primary aim was to determine whether defensive compounds stored by nudibranch molluscs acted as weapons (in terms of being toxic), deterrents (in terms of being distasteful) or both. Our secondary aim was to investigate the response of different taxa to these defensive compounds. To do this, we identified secondary metabolites in 30 species of nudibranch molluscs and investigated their deterrent properties using antifeedant assays with three taxa: rock pool shrimp, Palaemon serenus, and two fish species: triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus and toadfish Tetractenos hamiltoni. We compared these results to toxicity assays using brine shrimp Artemia sp. and previously published toxicity data with a damselfish Chromis viridis. Overall, we found no clear relationship between palatability and toxicity, but instead classified defensive compounds into the following categories: Class I & II-highly unpalatable and highly toxic; Class I-weakly unpalatable and highly toxic; Class II-highly unpalatable but weakly toxic; WR (weak response)-weakly unpalatable and weakly toxic. We also found eight extracts from six species that did not display activity in any assays indicating they may have very limited chemical defensive mechanisms (NR, no response). We found that the different classes of secondary metabolites were similarly unpalatable to fish and shrimp, except extracts from Phyllidiidae nudibranchs (isonitriles) that were highly unpalatable to shrimp but weakly unpalatable to fish. Our results pave the way towards better understanding how animal chemical defences work against a variety of predators. We highlight the need to disentangle weapons and deterrents in future work on anti-predator defences to better understand the foraging decisions faced by predators, the resultant selection pressures imposed on prey and the evolution of different anti-predator strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Weili Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Andrew M White
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Sania RE, Cardoso JCR, Louro B, Marquet N, Canário AVM. A new subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors unique to the echinoderms with putative sensory role. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6642-6658. [PMID: 34601781 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemosensation is a critical signalling process in animals and especially important in sea cucumbers, a group of ecologically and economically important marine echinoderms (class Holothuroidea), which lack audio and visual organs and rely on chemical sensing for survival, feeding and reproduction. The ionotropic receptors are a recently identified family of chemosensory receptors in insects and other protostomes, related to the ionotropic glutamate receptor family (iGluR), a large family of membrane receptors in metazoan. Here we characterize the echinoderm iGluR subunits and consider their possible role in chemical communication in sea cucumbers. Sequence similarity searches revealed that sea cucumbers have in general a higher number of iGluR subunits when compared to other echinoderms. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons revealed GluH as a specific iGluR subfamily present in all echinoderms. Homologues of the vertebrate GluA (aka α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, AMPA), GluK (aka kainate) and GluD (aka delta) were also identified. The GluN (aka N-methyl-d-aspartate, NMDA) as well as the invertebrate deuterostome subfamily GluF (aka phi) are absent in echinoderms. The echinoderm GluH subfamily shares conserved structural protein organization with vertebrate iGluRs and the ligand binding domain (LBD) is the most conserved region; genome analysis indicates evolution via lineage and species-specific tandem gene duplications. GluH genes (named Grih) are the most highly expressed iGluRs subunit genes in tissues in the sea cucumber Holothuria arguinesis, with Griha1, Griha2 and Griha5 exclusively expressed in tentacles, making them candidates to have a chemosensory role in this species. The multiple GluH subunits may provide alternative receptor assembly combinations, thus expanding the functional possibilities and widening the range of compounds detected during aggregation and spawning in echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiyat E Sania
- CCMAR/CIMAR LA, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- CCMAR/CIMAR LA, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Louro
- CCMAR/CIMAR LA, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Marquet
- CCMAR/CIMAR LA, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- CCMAR/CIMAR LA, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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van Giesen L, Kilian PB, Allard CAH, Bellono NW. Molecular Basis of Chemotactile Sensation in Octopus. Cell 2021; 183:594-604.e14. [PMID: 33125889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animals display wide-ranging evolutionary adaptations based on their ecological niche. Octopuses explore the seafloor with their flexible arms using a specialized "taste by touch" system to locally sense and respond to prey-derived chemicals and movement. How the peripherally distributed octopus nervous system mediates relatively autonomous arm behavior is unknown. Here, we report that octopus arms use a family of cephalopod-specific chemotactile receptors (CRs) to detect poorly soluble natural products, thereby defining a form of contact-dependent, aquatic chemosensation. CRs form discrete ion channel complexes that mediate the detection of diverse stimuli and transduction of specific ionic signals. Furthermore, distinct chemo- and mechanosensory cells exhibit specific receptor expression and electrical activities to support peripheral information coding and complex chemotactile behaviors. These findings demonstrate that the peripherally distributed octopus nervous system is a key site for signal processing and highlight how molecular and anatomical features synergistically evolve to suit an animal's environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena van Giesen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter B Kilian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Corey A H Allard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bellono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Yousefi-Manesh H, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S, Bagheri F, Farrokhi V, Mousavi SE, Ricciutelli M, Cappellacci L, López V, Maggi F, Petrelli R. Isofuranodiene, a Natural Sesquiterpene Isolated from Wild Celery ( Smyrnium olusatrum L.), Protects Rats against Acute Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040344. [PMID: 33918587 PMCID: PMC8069533 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The myrrh-like furanosesquiterpene isofuranodiene (IFD) is the main constituent of wild celery (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae), an overlooked vegetable that was cultivated during the Roman Empire. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of IFD pre-treatment against oxidative stress and inflammatory response in an animal model of ischemic stroke. IFD was isolated by the crystallization of Smyrnium olusatrum essential oil, and its structure and purity were confirmed by NMR and HPLC analyses. Acute pre-treatment of IFD (10 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, the expression of pNF-κB/NF-κB, and the lipid peroxidation indicator MDA. Finally, IFD boosted a faster recovery and better scores in grid-walking and modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) tests. Taken together, these findings indicate IFD as a promising lead compound for the discovery of new treatments of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (F.B.); (V.F.); (S.E.M.)
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (F.B.); (V.F.); (S.E.M.)
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (F.B.); (V.F.); (S.E.M.)
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Vida Farrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (F.B.); (V.F.); (S.E.M.)
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (F.B.); (V.F.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (R.P.)
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12
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Chan W, Shaughnessy AEP, van den Berg CP, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. The Validity of Brine Shrimp (Artemia Sp.) Toxicity Assays to Assess the Ecological Function of Marine Natural Products. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:834-846. [PMID: 33713252 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms employ toxic compounds for protection against predators. To understand the effectiveness of such compounds, chemoecological studies often use brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) as a model organism instead of more ecologically relevant species. This is mostly because brine shrimp assays are simple and quick, but also due to the ethical implications associated with inducing harm to vertebrate predators in toxicity assays. In this study, we examined whether brine shrimp assays produce similar results to ichthyological toxicity assays with the aim of validating the use of brine shrimp as a preliminary screening tool. We extracted compounds from eight nudibranch molluscs including six species that we consider to signal their chemical defenses via warning coloration to visually hunting vertebrate predators. We tested the relative toxicity of these compounds against brine shrimp and a vertebrate potential predator, the blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis). We found that extracts toxic to brine shrimp were also toxic to damselfish; however, extracts non-toxic to brine shrimp may still be toxic to damselfish. We also produced and tested mantle vs whole-body extracts for some nudibranch species, which exhibited similar toxicities in both assays except for the whole-body extract of Goniobranchus splendidus which was harmless to shrimp but toxic to fish, while the mantle extract was toxic to both. Overall, we argue that the brine shrimp assay can reasonably indicate the potential toxicity of a compound to fish, but additional experiments with more ecologically relevant predators are required if a no dose-response is observed against brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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13
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Russo E, Lauritano C, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A, Sarno D, von Elert E, Ianora A, Carotenuto Y. RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis in Temora stylifera copepod females with contrasting non-feeding nauplii survival rates: an environmental transcriptomics study. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:693. [PMID: 33023465 PMCID: PMC7541278 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copepods are fundamental components of pelagic food webs, but reports on how molecular responses link to reproductive success in natural populations are still scarce. We present a de novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression (DE) analysis in Temora stylifera females collected in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, where this copepod dominates the zooplankton community. High-Throughput RNA-Sequencing and DE analysis were performed from adult females collected on consecutive weeks (May 23rd and 30th 2017), because opposite naupliar survival rates were observed. We aimed at detecting key genes that may have influenced copepod reproductive potential in natural populations and whose expression was potentially affected by phytoplankton-derived oxylipins, lipoxygenase-derived products strongly impacting copepod naupliar survival. Results On the two sampling dates, temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen remained stable, while variations in phytoplankton cell concentration, oxylipin concentration and oxylipin-per-diatom-cell production were observed. T. stylifera naupliar survival was 25% on May 23rd and 93% on May 30th. De novo assembly generated 268,665 transcripts (isoforms) and 120,749 unique ‘Trinity predicted genes’ (unigenes), of which 50% were functionally annotated. Out of the 331 transcript isoforms differentially expressed between the two sampling dates, 119 sequences were functionally annotated (58 up- and 61 down-regulated). Among predicted genes (unigenes), 144 sequences were differentially expressed and 31 (6 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated) were functionally annotated. Most of the significantly down-regulated unigenes and isoforms were A5 Putative Odorant Binding Protein (Obp). Other differentially expressed sequences (isoforms and unigenes) related to developmental metabolic processes, protein ubiquitination, response to stress, oxidation-reduction reactions and hydrolase activities. DE analysis was validated through Real Time-quantitative PCR of 9 unigenes and 3 isoforms. Conclusions Differential expression of sequences involved in signal detection and transduction, cell differentiation and development offered a functional interpretation to the maternally-mediated low naupliar survival rates observed in samples collected on May 23rd. Down-regulation of A5 Obp along with higher quantities of oxylipins-per-litre and oxylipins-per-diatom-cell observed on May 23rd could suggest oxylipin-mediated impairment of naupliar survival in natural populations of T. stylifera. Our results may help identify biomarker genes explaining variations in copepod reproductive responses at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Universität zu Köln, Aquatic Chemical Ecology Group, Zülpicher Straβe 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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14
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Gavagnin M, Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Mollo E. Natural Products from Marine Heterobranchs: an Overview of Recent Results. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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15
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Russo E, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A, Sarno D, D'Alelio D, Busseni G, Ianora A, von Elert E, Carotenuto Y. Density-dependent oxylipin production in natural diatom communities: possible implications for plankton dynamics. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 14:164-177. [PMID: 31611654 PMCID: PMC6908693 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are important signal transduction lipoxygenase-derived products of fatty acids that regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes in plants and animals. In marine diatoms, these molecules can be highly bioactive, impacting zooplankton grazers, bacteria and other phytoplankton. However, the ultimate cause for oxylipin production in diatoms is still poorly understood, from an evolutionary perspective. Here we analysed production of particulate linear oxygenated fatty acids (LOFAs, previously named non-volatile oxylipins) from natural phytoplankton collected weekly for 1 year. We demonstrate for the first time that diatoms are the main LOFA producers in natural phytoplankton assemblages. Interestingly, LOFA-per-cell production decreased with increasing diatom density and was not due to major changes in diatom community composition. An inverse relation was confirmed at a global scale by analysing diatom lipoxygenase unigenes and metagenomes from Tara Oceans datasets. A network analysis suggested that different LOFAs could contribute to modulate co-variations of different diatom taxa. Overall, we offer new insights in diatom chemical ecology, possibly explaining the evolution of oxylipin synthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Bio-molecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Bio-molecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Alelio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Greta Busseni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Group, Institute for Zoology, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
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16
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Dougherty LF, Niebergall AK, Broeckling CD, Schauer KL, Li J. Brightly coloured tissues in limid bivalves chemically deter predators. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191298. [PMID: 31824731 PMCID: PMC6837197 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Members of the marine bivalve family Limidae are known for their bright appearance. In this study, their colourful tissues were examined as a defence mechanism towards predators. We showed that when attacked by the peacock mantis shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus), the 'disco' clam, Ctenoides ales, opened wide to expose brightly coloured tissues to the predator. The predator also significantly preferred to consume the internal, non-colourful clam tissues than the external, colourful tissues. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis confirmed that colourful tissues had significantly different chemical compositions than the non-colourful ones. The internal, non-colourful tissues had metabolite profiles more similar to an outgroup bivalve than to the species' own colourful external tissues. A number of the compounds that differentiated the colourful tissues from the non-colourful tissues appeared to be peptide-like, which potentially serve as the underlying defensive compounds. This is the first study demonstrating that colourful bivalve tissues are used for chemical defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey F. Dougherty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kevin L. Schauer
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jingchun Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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17
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Amodeo P, D'Aniello E, Defranoux F, Marino A, D'Angelo L, Ghiselin MT, Mollo E. The Suitability of Fishes as Models for Studying Appetitive Behavior in Vertebrates. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 65:423-438. [PMID: 30083930 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fish have proven to be valuable models in the study of the endocrine control of appetite in response to peripheral signals of energetic and nutritional status. In parallel, a growing body of literature points to the importance of sensory experiences as factors affecting food choice in fish, with a special focus on visual and chemical signals allowing discrimination of potential foods within a 3D environment. Accordingly, waterborne compounds, such as monosaccharides or amino acids, are regarded as the main "olfactory" cues driving fish alimentary behavior. However, we recently suggested that hydrophobic molecules also allow food identification in aquatic environments and that fish actually explore a larger variety of chemosensory cues, including the olfactory/volatile compounds, when determining food palatability. In this study, we show that both homeostatic and chemosensory mechanisms involved in food intake are highly conserved in vertebrates and that the chemosensory world of fish is less different from that of terrestrial mammals than commonly thought. As a result, we support a more integrated and synthetic view of the mechanisms of chemical communication in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, which could help to ensure greater translatability of the fish models, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), the goldfish (Carassius auratus), or the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to terrestrial vertebrates when approaching complex dynamic patterns in alimentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Amodeo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fanny Defranoux
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael T Ghiselin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
Covering: January to December 2017This review covers the literature published in 2017 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 740 citations (723 for the period January to December 2017) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 477 papers for 2017), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Geographic distributions of MNPs at a phylogenetic level are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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19
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Wei J, Shao W, Cao M, Ge J, Yang P, Chen L, Wang X, Kang L. Phenylacetonitrile in locusts facilitates an antipredator defense by acting as an olfactory aposematic signal and cyanide precursor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav5495. [PMID: 30746481 PMCID: PMC6357733 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many aggregating animals use aposematic signals to advertise their toxicity to predators. However, the coordination between aposematic signals and toxins is poorly understood. Here, we reveal that phenylacetonitrile (PAN) acts as an olfactory aposematic signal and precursor of hypertoxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to protect gregarious locusts from predation. We found that PAN biosynthesis from phenylalanine is catalyzed by CYP305M2, a novel gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme in gregarious locusts. The RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of CYP305M2 increases the vulnerability of gregarious locusts to bird predation. By contrast, the elevation of PAN levels through supplementation with synthetic PAN increases the resistance of solitary locusts to predation. When locusts are attacked by birds, PAN is converted to HCN, which causes food poisoning in birds. Our results indicate that locusts develop a defense mechanism wherein an aposematic compound is converted to hypertoxic cyanide in resistance to predation by natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.K.); (X.W.)
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20
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Brunetti A, Marinelli O, Morelli MB, Iannarelli R, Amantini C, Russotti D, Santoni G, Maggi F, Nabissi M. Isofuranodiene synergizes with temozolomide in inducing glioma cells death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:51-59. [PMID: 30599912 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly brain form of tumor. GBM exhibits high resistance to the standard treatment consisting of temozolomide (TMZ) combined with radiotherapy. Isofuranodiene (IFD) is a bioactive sesquiterpene occurring in the essential oils obtained from Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae). This compound has shown a broad spectrum of antitumoral activities in different human cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of action of IFD on GBM and its potential effects in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, have not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of IFD itself and in combination with TMZ in GBM. METHODS Sulforhodamine B-based proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis and Annexin V/PI staining were carried out to determine the IFD effects on three human GBM cell lines, U87, T98, U251 and in normal human astrocyte. Modulation of protein expression levels was determined by western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by cytofluorimetry. Moreover, the effects on cell viability of the IFD and TMZ co-administration was evaluated through the calculation of combination index (CI). RESULTS IFD exerted cytotoxic effects against the GBM cell lines, but not in normal cells (normal human astrocytes). This compound induced a cell cycle blockage and a necrotic cell death depending on the increase of intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, the synergism between IFD and TMZ was demonstrated in GBM cell lines. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the glioma selectivity of IFD and its cytotoxic properties suggesting a new strategy for the treatment of GBM in order to overcome the TMZ resistance and to reduce its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy
| | | | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy.
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21
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Chartier TF, Deschamps J, Dürichen W, Jékely G, Arendt D. Whole-head recording of chemosensory activity in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Open Biol 2018; 8:180139. [PMID: 30381362 PMCID: PMC6223215 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical detection is key to various behaviours in both marine and terrestrial animals. Marine species, though highly diverse, have been underrepresented so far in studies on chemosensory systems, and our knowledge mostly concerns the detection of airborne cues. A broader comparative approach is therefore desirable. Marine annelid worms with their rich behavioural repertoire represent attractive models for chemosensation. Here, we study the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii to provide the first comprehensive investigation of head chemosensory organ physiology in an annelid. By combining microfluidics and calcium imaging, we record neuronal activity in the entire head of early juveniles upon chemical stimulation. We find that Platynereis uses four types of organs to detect stimuli such as alcohols, esters, amino acids and sugars. Antennae are the main chemosensory organs, compared to the more differentially responding nuchal organs or palps. We report chemically evoked activity in possible downstream brain regions including the mushroom bodies (MBs), which are anatomically and molecularly similar to insect MBs. We conclude that chemosensation is a major sensory modality for marine annelids and propose early Platynereis juveniles as a model to study annelid chemosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Chartier
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joran Deschamps
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Dürichen
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Detlev Arendt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Winters AE, Wilson NG, van den Berg CP, How MJ, Endler JA, Marshall NJ, White AM, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. Toxicity and taste: unequal chemical defences in a mimicry ring. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20180457. [PMID: 29875302 PMCID: PMC6015865 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicry of warning signals is common, and can be mutualistic when mimetic species harbour equal levels of defence (Müllerian), or parasitic when mimics are undefended but still gain protection from their resemblance to the model (Batesian). However, whether chemically defended mimics should be similar in terms of toxicity (i.e. causing damage to the consumer) and/or unpalatability (i.e. distasteful to consumer) is unclear and in many studies remains undifferentiated. In this study, we investigated the evolution of visual signals and chemical defences in a putative mimicry ring of nudibranch molluscs. First, we demonstrated that the appearance of a group of red spotted nudibranchs molluscs was similar from the perspective of potential fish predators using visual modelling and pattern analysis. Second, using phylogenetic reconstruction, we demonstrated that this colour pattern has evolved multiple times in distantly related individuals. Third, we showed that these nudibranchs contained different chemical profiles used for defensive purposes. Finally, we demonstrated that although levels of distastefulness towards Palaemon shrimp remained relatively constant between species, toxicity levels towards brine shrimp varied significantly. We highlight the need to disentangle toxicity and taste when considering chemical defences in aposematic and mimetic species, and discuss the implications for aposematic and mimicry signal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Molecular Systematics Unit, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin J How
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - John A Endler
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew M White
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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23
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Distribution of Defensive Metabolites in Nudibranch Molluscs. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:384-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Di Cosmo A, Maselli V, Polese G. Octopus vulgaris: An Alternative in Evolution. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 65:585-598. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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25
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Steinke M, Randell L, Dumbrell AJ, Saha M. Volatile Biomarkers for Aquatic Ecological Research. ADV ECOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Mollo E, Garson MJ, Polese G, Amodeo P, Ghiselin MT. Taste and smell in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:496-513. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes results up to 2017 on chemosensory cues occurring in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mollo
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Italy
| | - M. J. Garson
- University of Queensland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Brisbane Q 4072
- Australia
| | - G. Polese
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Department of Biology
- 80126 Naples
- Italy
| | - P. Amodeo
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Italy
| | - M. T. Ghiselin
- California Academy of Sciences
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology
- San Francisco
- USA
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