1
|
Akizuki Y, Kaypee S, Ohtake F, Ikeda F. The emerging roles of non-canonical ubiquitination in proteostasis and beyond. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311171. [PMID: 38517379 PMCID: PMC10959754 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin regulates various cellular functions by posttranslationally modifying substrates with diverse ubiquitin codes. Recent discoveries of new ubiquitin chain topologies, types of bonds, and non-protein substrates have substantially expanded the complexity of the ubiquitin code. Here, we describe the ubiquitin system covering the basic principles and recent discoveries related to mechanisms, technologies, and biological importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Akizuki
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephanie Kaypee
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Zhao X, Tao Y, Wang X, Yan L, Yu K, Hsu Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, Huang Y, Wei W. Biocompatible aggregation-induced emission active polyphosphate-manganese nanosheets with glutamine synthetase-like activity in excitotoxic nerve cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3534. [PMID: 38670989 PMCID: PMC11053040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is vital in maintaining ammonia and glutamate (Glu) homeostasis in living organisms. However, the natural enzyme relies on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to activate Glu, resulting in impaired GS function during ATP-deficient neurotoxic events. To date, no reports demonstrate using artificial nanostructures to mimic GS function. In this study, we synthesize aggregation-induced emission active polyP-Mn nanosheets (STPE-PMNSs) based on end-labeled polyphosphate (polyP), exhibiting remarkable GS-like activity independent of ATP presence. Further investigation reveals polyP in STPE-PMNSs serves as phosphate source to activate Glu at low ATP levels. This self-feeding mechanism offers a significant advantage in regulating Glu homeostasis at reduced ATP levels in nerve cells during excitotoxic conditions. STPE-PMNSs can effectively promote the conversion of Glu to glutamine (Gln) in excitatory neurotoxic human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and alleviate Glu-induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, the fluorescence signal of nanosheets enables precise monitoring of the subcellular distribution of STPE-PMNSs. More importantly, the intracellular fluorescence signal is enhanced in a conversion-responsive manner, allowing real-time tracking of reaction progression. This study presents a self-sustaining strategy to address GS functional impairment caused by ATP deficiency in nerve cells during neurotoxic events. Furthermore, it offers a fresh perspective on the potential biological applications of polyP-based nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Yucheng Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Sino-Danish Ecolife Science Industrial Incubator, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210000, PR China
| | - Kuang Yu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research (iMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Hsu
- Taipei Wego Private Senior High School, Taipei, TWN, PR China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Sino-Danish Ecolife Science Industrial Incubator, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210000, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Sino-Danish Ecolife Science Industrial Incubator, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210000, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Sino-Danish Ecolife Science Industrial Incubator, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210000, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University, Shenzhen, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Poirson J, Cho H, Dhillon A, Haider S, Imrit AZ, Lam MHY, Alerasool N, Lacoste J, Mizan L, Wong C, Gingras AC, Schramek D, Taipale M. Proteome-scale discovery of protein degradation and stabilization effectors. Nature 2024; 628:878-886. [PMID: 38509365 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation and stabilization are promising therapeutic modalities because of their potency, versatility and their potential to expand the druggable target space1,2. However, only a few of the hundreds of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases in the human proteome have been harnessed for this purpose, which substantially limits the potential of the approach. Moreover, there may be other protein classes that could be exploited for protein stabilization or degradation3-5, but there are currently no methods that can identify such effector proteins in a scalable and unbiased manner. Here we established a synthetic proteome-scale platform to functionally identify human proteins that can promote the degradation or stabilization of a target protein in a proximity-dependent manner. Our results reveal that the human proteome contains a large cache of effectors of protein stability. The approach further enabled us to comprehensively compare the activities of human E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, identify and characterize non-canonical protein degraders and stabilizers and establish that effectors have vastly different activities against diverse targets. Notably, the top degraders were more potent against multiple therapeutically relevant targets than the currently used E3 ligases cereblon and VHL. Our study provides a functional catalogue of stability effectors for targeted protein degradation and stabilization and highlights the potential of induced proximity screens for the discovery of new proximity-dependent protein modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juline Poirson
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanna Cho
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akashdeep Dhillon
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahan Haider
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmad Zoheyr Imrit
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandy Hiu Yi Lam
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Alerasool
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Lacoste
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lamisa Mizan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cassandra Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Long Y, Zhao Z, Xie W, Shi J, Yang F, Zhu D, Jiang P, Tang Q, Ti Z, Jiang B, Yang X, Gao G, Qi W. Kallistatin leads to cognition impairment via downregulating glutamine synthetase. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107145. [PMID: 38492829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), glutamate-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity is considered the basis for cognitive impairment. The mRNA and protein expression of SERPINA4(Kallistatin) are higher in patients with AD. However, whether Kallistatin plays a regulatory role in glutamate-glutamine cycle homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we identified impaired cognitive function in Kallistatin transgenic (KAL-TG) mice. Baseline glutamate levels were elevated and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency was increased in the hippocampus, suggesting the impairment of glutamate homeostasis in KAL-TG mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Kallistatin promoted lysine acetylation and ubiquitination of glutamine synthetase (GS) and facilitated its degradation via the proteasome pathway, thereby downregulating GS. Fenofibrate improved cognitive memory in KAL-TG mice by downregulating serum Kallistatin. Collectively, our study findings provide insights the mechanism by which Kallistatin regulates cognitive impairment, and suggest the potential of fenofibrate to prevente and treat of AD patients with high levels of Kallistatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qilong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Ti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karapurkar JK, Colaco JC, Suresh B, Tyagi A, Woo SH, Jo WJ, Ko N, Singh V, Hong SH, Oh SJ, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. USP28 promotes tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance by deubiquitinating MAST1 protein in cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:145. [PMID: 38498222 PMCID: PMC10948558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug that causes a plethora of DNA lesions and inhibits DNA transcription and replication, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. However, over time, patients develop resistance to cisplatin due to repeated treatment and thus the treatment efficacy is limited. Therefore, identifying an alternative therapeutic strategy combining cisplatin treatment along with targeting factors that drive cisplatin resistance is needed. CRISPR/Cas9 system-based genome-wide screening for the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) subfamily identified USP28 as a potential DUB that governs cisplatin resistance. USP28 regulates the protein level of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1), a common kinase whose expression is elevated in several cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The expression level and protein turnover of MAST1 is a major factor driving cisplatin resistance in many cancer types. Here we report that the USP28 interacts and extends the half-life of MAST1 protein by its deubiquitinating activity. The expression pattern of USP28 and MAST1 showed a positive correlation across a panel of tested cancer cell lines and human clinical tissues. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout of USP28 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells blocked MAST1-driven cisplatin resistance, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion in vitro. Finally, loss of USP28 destabilized MAST1 protein and attenuated tumor growth by sensitizing cells to cisplatin treatment in mouse xenograft model. We envision that targeting the USP28-MAST1 axis along with cisplatin treatment might be an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jencia Carminha Colaco
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Woo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Nare Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang Q, Li Y, Cai S, Shi X, Yang Y, Xing Z, He Z, Wang S, Su Y, Chen M, Chen Z, Shi Z. GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progresses of gastric cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:698-711. [PMID: 38322340 PMCID: PMC10840430 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL, also known as glutamine synthetase) is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes ammonium and glutamate into glutamine in the ATP-dependent condensation. Although GLUL plays a critical role in multiple cancers, the expression and function of GLUL in gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we have found that the expression level of GLUL was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and correlated with N stage and TNM stage, and low GLUL expression predicted poor survival for gastric cancer patients. Knockdown of GLUL promoted the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and vice versa, which was independent of its enzyme activity. Mechanistically, GLUL competed with β-Catenin to bind to N-Cadherin, increased the stability of N-Cadherin and decreased the stability of β-Catenin by alerting their ubiquitination. Furthermore, there were lower N-Cadherin and higher β-Catenin expression levels in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. GLUL protein expression was correlated with that of N-Cadherin, and could be the independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Our findings reveal that GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progress of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & General Surgery, the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zihao Xing
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenjie He
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengte Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 519000, China
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ling T, Li S, Chen H, Wang Q, Shi J, Li Y, Bao W, Liang K, Piao HL. Lysine-372-dependent SUMOylation inhibits the enzymatic activity of glutamine synthases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23319. [PMID: 38010918 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301462rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a crucial enzyme involved in de novo synthesis of glutamine and participates in several biological processes, including nitrogen metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, and amino acid synthesis. Post-translational modification makes GS more adaptable to the needs of cells, and acetylation modification of GS at double sites has attracted considerable attention. Despite very intensive research, how SUMOylation affects GS activity at a molecular level remains unclear. Here, we report that previously undiscovered GS SUMOylation which is deficient mutant K372R of GS exhibits more bluntness under glutamine starvation. Mechanistically, glutamine deprivation triggers the GS SUMOylation, and this SUMOylation impaired the protein stability of GS, within a concomitant decrease in enzymatic activity. In addition, we identified SAE1, Ubc9, and PIAS1 as the assembly enzymes of GS SUMOylation respectively. Furthermore, Senp1/2 functions as a SUMO-specific protease to reverse the SUMOylation of GS. This study provides the first evidence that SUMOylation serves as a regulatory mechanism for determining the GS enzymatic activity, contributing to understanding the GS regulation roles in various cellular and pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ling
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of analytical chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of analytical chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Bao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of analytical chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunming Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of analytical chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park HM, Le L, Nguyen TT, Nam KH, Ordureau A, Lee JE, Nguyen TV. The CRL3 gigaxonin ubiquitin ligase-USP15 pathway governs the destruction of neurofilament proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306395120. [PMID: 37903270 PMCID: PMC10636361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306395120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is caused by mutations in the GAN gene encoding for gigaxonin (GIG), which functions as an adaptor of the CUL3-RBX1-GIG (CRL3GIG) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The pathological hallmark of GAN is characterized by the accumulation of densely packed neurofilaments (NFs) in the axons. However, there are fundamental knowledge gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls the homeostasis of NF proteins. Recently, the deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 was reported to play a crucial role in regulating ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of CRL4CRBN substrate proteins. Here, we report that the CRL3GIG-USP15 pathway governs the destruction of NF proteins NEFL and INA. We identified a specific degron called NEFLL12 degron for CRL3GIG. Notably, mutations in the C-terminal Kelch domain of GIG, represented by L309R, R545C, and C570Y, disrupted the binding of GIG to NEFL and INA, leading to the accumulation of these NF proteins. This accounts for the loss-of-function mutations in GAN patients. In addition to regulating NFs, CRL3GIG also controls actin filaments by directly targeting actin-filament-binding regulatory proteins TPM1, TPM2, TAGLN, and CNN2 for proteasomal degradation. Thus, our findings broadly impact the field by providing fundamental mechanistic insights into regulating extremely long-lived NF proteins NEFL and INA by the CRL3GIG-USP15 pathway and offering previously unexplored therapeutic opportunities to treat GAN patients and other neurodegenerative diseases by explicitly targeting downstream substrates of CRL3GIG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Min Park
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon34113, Korea
| | - Ly Le
- Division of Quantum Simulation and Optimization, SandboxAQ, New York, NY10591
| | - Thao T. Nguyen
- Gehrke Proteomics Center, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - J. Eugene Lee
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon34113, Korea
| | - Thang Van Nguyen
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65212
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Y, Wang F, Lin X, Li Q, Lu Y, Zhang J, Shen X, Tan J, Qin Z, Chen J, Chen X, Pan G, Wang X, Zeng Y, Yang S, Liu J, Xing F, Li K, Zhang H. Nuclear VCP drives colorectal cancer progression by promoting fatty acid oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221653120. [PMID: 37788309 PMCID: PMC10576098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221653120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) fuels many cancers. However, knowledge of pathways that drive FAO in cancer remains unclear. Here, we revealed that valosin-containing protein (VCP) upregulates FAO to promote colorectal cancer growth. Mechanistically, nuclear VCP binds to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and facilitates its degradation, thus promoting the transcription of FAO genes, including the rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A). FAO is an alternative fuel for cancer cells in environments exhibiting limited glucose availability. We observed that a VCP inhibitor blocked the upregulation of FAO activity and CPT1A expression triggered by metformin in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Combined VCP inhibitor and metformin prove more effective than either agent alone in culture and in vivo. Our study illustrates the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of FAO by nuclear VCP and demonstrates the potential therapeutic utility of VCP inhibitor and metformin combination treatment for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai519000, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Yuli Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
- Department of Public Health, Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shantou515000, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510655, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Guopeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Yuequan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Fan Xing
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510655, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baek JH, Kim MS, Jung HR, Hwang MS, Lee CH, Han DH, Lee YH, Yi EC, Im SS, Hwang I, Kim K, Chung JY, Chun KH. Ablation of the deubiquitinase USP15 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01036-7. [PMID: 37394587 PMCID: PMC10394025 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs due to the accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to fatal liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD is critical for its prevention and therapy. Here, we observed that deubiquitinase USP15 expression was upregulated in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and liver biopsies of patients with NAFLD or NASH. USP15 interacts with lipid-accumulating proteins such as FABPs and perilipins to reduce ubiquitination and increase their protein stability. Furthermore, the severity of NAFLD induced by an HFD and NASH induced by a fructose/palmitate/cholesterol/trans-fat (FPC) diet was significantly ameliorated in hepatocyte-specific USP15 knockout mice. Thus, our findings reveal an unrecognized function of USP15 in the lipid accumulation of livers, which exacerbates NAFLD to NASH by overriding nutrients and inducing inflammation. Therefore, targeting USP15 can be used in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryeon Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou M, Fang R, Colson L, Donovan KA, Hunkeler M, Song Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Lee DH, Bradshaw GA, Eisert R, Ye Y, Kalocsay M, Goldberg A, Fischer ES, Lu Y. HUWE1 Amplifies Ubiquitin Modifications to Broadly Stimulate Clearance of Proteins and Aggregates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542866. [PMID: 37398461 PMCID: PMC10312588 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Selective breakdown of proteins and aggregates is crucial for maintaining normal cellular activities and is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. How the cell recognizes and tags these targets in different structural states for degradation by the proteasome and autophagy pathways has not been well understood. Here, we discovered that a HECT-family ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 is broadly required for the efficient degradation of soluble factors and for the clearance of protein aggregates/condensates. Underlying this capacity of HUWE1 is a novel Ubiquitin-Directed ubiquitin Ligase (UDL) activity which recognizes both soluble substrates and aggregates that carry a high density of ubiquitin chains and rapidly expand the ubiquitin modifications on these targets. Ubiquitin signal amplification by HUWE1 recruits the ubiquitin-dependent segregase p97/VCP to process these targets for subsequent degradation or clearance. HUWE1 controls the cytotoxicity of protein aggregates, mediates Targeted Protein Degradation and regulates cell-cycle transitions with its UDL activity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Karapurkar JK, Kim MS, Colaco JC, Suresh B, Sarodaya N, Kim DH, Park CH, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide screening of the deubiquitinase subfamily identifies USP3 as a protein stabilizer of REST blocking neuronal differentiation and promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:121. [PMID: 37170124 PMCID: PMC10176696 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a master transcriptional repressor, is essential for maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation in neuroblastoma. An elevated expression of REST is associated with impaired neuronal differentiation, which results in aggressive neuroblastoma formation. E3 ligases are known to regulate REST protein abundance through the 26 S proteasomal degradation pathway in neuroblastoma. However, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which counteract the function of E3 ligase-mediated REST protein degradation and their impact on neuroblastoma tumorigenesis have remained unexplored. METHODS We employed a CRISPR/Cas9 system to perform a genome-wide knockout of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) and used western blot analysis to screen for DUBs that regulate REST protein abundance. The interaction between USP3 and REST was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and Duolink in situ proximity assays. The deubiquitinating effect of USP3 on REST protein degradation, half-life, and neuronal differentiation was validated by immunoprecipitation, in vitro deubiquitination, protein-turnover, and immunostaining assays. The correlation between USP3 and REST expression was assessed using patient neuroblastoma datasets. The USP3 gene knockout in neuroblastoma cells was performed using CRISPR/Cas9, and the clinical relevance of USP3 regulating REST-mediated neuroblastoma tumorigenesis was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo oncogenic experiments. RESULTS We identified a deubiquitinase USP3 that interacts with, stabilizes, and increases the half-life of REST protein by counteracting its ubiquitination in neuroblastoma. An in silico analysis showed a correlation between USP3 and REST in multiple neuroblastoma cell lines and identified USP3 as a prognostic marker for overall survival in neuroblastoma patients. Silencing of USP3 led to a decreased self-renewal capacity and promoted retinoic acid-induced differentiation in neuroblastoma. A loss of USP3 led to attenuation of REST-mediated neuroblastoma tumorigenesis in a mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that USP3 is a critical factor that blocks neuronal differentiation, which can lead to neuroblastoma. We envision that targeting USP3 in neuroblastoma tumors might provide an effective therapeutic differentiation strategy for improved survival rates of neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jencia Carminha Colaco
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akizuki Y, Morita M, Mori Y, Kaiho-Soma A, Dixit S, Endo A, Shimogawa M, Hayashi G, Naito M, Okamoto A, Tanaka K, Saeki Y, Ohtake F. cIAP1-based degraders induce degradation via branched ubiquitin architectures. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:311-322. [PMID: 36316570 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation through chemical hijacking of E3 ubiquitin ligases is an emerging concept in precision medicine. The ubiquitin code is a critical determinant of the fate of substrates. Although two E3s, CRL2VHL and CRL4CRBN, frequently assemble with proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) to attach lysine-48 (K48)-linked ubiquitin chains, the diversity of the ubiquitin code used for chemically induced degradation is largely unknown. Here we show that the efficacy of cIAP1-targeting degraders depends on the K63-specific E2 enzyme UBE2N. UBE2N promotes degradation of cIAP1 induced by cIAP1 ligands and subsequent cancer cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, UBE2N-catalyzed K63-linked ubiquitin chains facilitate assembly of highly complex K48/K63 and K11/K48 branched ubiquitin chains, thereby recruiting p97/VCP, UCH37 and the proteasome. Degradation of neo-substrates directed by cIAP1-recruiting PROTACs also depends on UBE2N. These results reveal an unexpected role for K63-linked ubiquitin chains and UBE2N in degrader-induced proteasomal degradation and demonstrate the diversity of the ubiquitin code used for chemical hijacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Akizuki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Morita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Kaiho-Soma
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shivani Dixit
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Endo
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shimogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Social Cooperation Program of Targeted Protein Degradation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jia X, Han X. Targeting androgen receptor degradation with PROTACs from bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114112. [PMID: 36508999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) has been extensively investigated to treat prostate cancer. Resistance mechanisms such as increased levels of androgen production, increased AR gene, enhancer expression and AR point mutations always reduce the clinical efficacy. Design and discovery of small-molecule PROTAC AR degraders have been pursued as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome common resistance mechanisms developed during prostate cancer treatment. In the last two decades, potent and efficacious PROTAC AR degraders have been gotten rapid development and several such compounds have been advanced into preclinical phase and phase I/II trials for the treatment of human prostate cancers. Especially, the first PROTAC to enter the clinic, ARV-110, has shown good clinical effects in patients with mCRPC. This fully demonstrates the high clinical value of PROTAC strategy in treatment of human diseases. Here, we summarized the recent advances in the development of these potential clinical-stage PROTAC AR degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jia
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Han
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China..
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kawarasaki T, Nakatsukasa K. Metabolomics analysis of an AAA-ATPase Cdc48-deficient yeast strain. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13219. [PMID: 36761826 PMCID: PMC9905943 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-specific chaperone AAA-ATPase Cdc48 and its orthologs p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) in mammals play crucial roles in regulating numerous intracellular pathways via segregase activity, which separates polyubiquitinated targets from membranes or binding partners. Interestingly, high-throughput experiments show that a vast number of metabolic enzymes are modified with ubiquitin. Therefore, Cdc48 may regulate metabolic pathways, for example by acting on the polyubiquitin chains of metabolic enzymes; however, the role of Cdc48 in metabolic regulation remains largely unknown. To begin to analyze the role of Cdc48 in metabolic regulation in yeast, we performed a metabolomics analysis of temperature-sensitive cdc48-3 mutant cells. We found that the amount of metabolites in the glycolytic pathway was altered. Moreover, the pool of nucleotides, as well as the levels of metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, increased, whereas the pool of amino acids decreased. These results suggest the involvement of Cdc48 in metabolic regulation in yeast. In addition, because of the roles of p97/VCP in regulating multiple cellular pathways, its inhibition is being considered as a promising anticancer drug target. We propose that the metabolomics study of Cdc48-deficient yeast will be useful as a complement to p97/VCP-related pathological and therapeutic studies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zuo X, Liu D. Mechanism of immunomodulatory drug resistance and novel therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 27:1110-1121. [PMID: 36121114 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2124694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) resistance to multiple myeloma (MM) cells has been gradually demonstrated by recently studies, and some potential novel strategies have been confirmed to have antimyeloma activity and be associated with IMiD activity in MM. METHODS This article searched the Pubmed library, reviewed some recently studies related to IMiD resistance to MM cells and summarized some potent agents to improve IMiD resistance to MM cells. RESULTS Studies have confirmed that cereblon is a primary direct protein target of IMiDs. IRF4 not only is affected by the IKZF protein but also can directly inhibit the expression of BMF and BIM, thereby promoting the survival of MM cells. Additionally, the expression of IRF4 and MYC also plays an important role in three important signaling pathways (Wnt, STAT3 and MAPK/ERK) related to IMiD resistance. Notably, MYC, a downstream factor of IRF4, may be upregulated by BRD4, and upregulation of MYC promotes cell proliferation in MM and disease progression. Recently, some novel therapeutic agents targeting BRD4, a histone modification-related 'reader' of epigenetic marks, or other important factors (e.g. TAK1) in relevant signaling pathways have been developed and they may provide new options for relapse/refractory MM therapy, such as BET inhibitors, CBP/EP300 inhibitors, dual-target BET-CBP/EP300 inhibitors, TAK1 inhibitors, and they may provide new options for relapsed/refractory MM therapy. CONCLUSIONS Accumulated studies have revealed that some key factors associated with the mechanism of IMiD resistance to MM cells. Some agents represent promising new therapeutics of MM to regulate the IRF4/MYC axis by inhibiting BRD4 expression or signaling pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tyagi A, Kaushal K, Chandrasekaran AP, Sarodaya N, Das S, Park CH, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide screening for deubiquitinase subfamily identifies USP1 regulating MAST1-driven cisplatin-resistance in cancer cells. Theranostics 2022; 12:5949-5970. [PMID: 35966591 PMCID: PMC9373805 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin is one of the frontline anticancer agents. However, development of cisplatin-resistance limits the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin-based treatment. The expression of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1) is a primary factor driving cisplatin-resistance in cancers by rewiring the MEK pathway. However, the mechanisms responsible for MAST1 regulation in conferring drug resistance is unknown. Methods: We implemented a CRISPR/Cas9-based, genome-wide, dual screening system to identify deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that govern cisplatin resistance and regulate MAST1 protein level. We analyzed K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitination of MAST1 protein and mapped the interacting domain between USP1 and MAST1 by immunoprecipitation assay. The deubiquitinating effect of USP1 on MAST1 protein was validated using rescue experiments, in vitro deubiquitination assay, immunoprecipitation assays, and half-life analysis. Furthermore, USP1-knockout A549 lung cancer cells were generated to validate the deubiquitinating activity of USP1 on MAST1 abundance. The USP1-MAST1 correlation was evaluated using bioinformatics tool and in different human clinical tissues. The potential role of USP1 in regulating MAST1-mediated cisplatin resistance was confirmed using a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, the clinical relevance of the USP1-MAST1 axis was validated by application of small-molecule inhibitors in a lung cancer xenograft model in NSG mice. Results: The CRISPR/Cas9-based dual screening system identified USP1 as a novel deubiquitinase that interacts, stabilizes, and extends the half-life of MAST1 by preventing its K48-linked polyubiquitination. The expression analysis across human clinical tissues revealed a positive correlation between USP1 and MAST1. USP1 promotes MAST1-mediated MEK1 activation as an underlying mechanism that contributes to cisplatin-resistance in cancers. Loss of USP1 led to attenuation of MAST1-mediated cisplatin-resistance both in vitro and in vivo. The combined pharmacological inhibition of USP1 and MAST1 using small-molecule inhibitors further abrogated MAST1 level and synergistically enhanced cisplatin efficacy in a mouse xenograft model. Conclusions: Overall, our study highlights the role of USP1 in the development of cisplatin resistance and uncovers the regulatory mechanism of MAST1-mediated cisplatin resistance in cancers. Co-treatment with USP1 and MAST1 inhibitors abrogated tumor growth and synergistically enhanced cisplatin efficacy, suggesting a novel alternative combinatorial therapeutic strategy that could further improve MAST1-based therapy in patients with cisplatin-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soumyadip Das
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen C, Nayak A, Neitzel LR, Yang F, Li B, Williams CH, Hong CC, Ahmed Y, Lee E, Robbins DJ. The Casein kinase 1α agonist pyrvinium attenuates Wnt-mediated CK1α degradation via interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase component Cereblon. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102227. [PMID: 35780831 PMCID: PMC9352546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cullin-RING ligase 4 E3 ubiquitin ligase component Cereblon (CRBN) is a well-established target for a class of small molecules termed immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). These drugs drive CRBN to modulate the degradation of a number of neosubstrates required for the growth of multiple cancers. Whereas the mechanism underlying the activation of CRBN by IMiDs is well described, the normal physiological regulation of CRBN is poorly understood. We recently showed that CRBN is activated following exposure to Wnt ligands and subsequently mediates the degradation of a subset of physiological substrates. Among the Wnt-dependent substrates of CRBN is Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a known negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Wnt-mediated degradation of CK1α occurs via its association with CRBN at a known IMiD binding pocket. Herein, we demonstrate that a small-molecule CK1α agonist, pyrvinium, directly prevents the Wnt-dependent interaction of CRBN with CK1α, attenuating the consequent CK1α degradation. We further show that pyrvinium disrupts the ability of CRBN to interact with CK1α at the IMiD binding pocket within the CRBN-CK1α complex. Of note, this function of pyrvinium is independent of its previously reported ability to enhance CK1α kinase activity. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that pyrvinium attenuates CRBN-induced Wnt pathway activation in vivo. Collectively, these results reveal a novel dual mechanism through which pyrvinium inhibits Wnt signaling by both attenuating the CRBN-mediated destabilization of CK1α and activating CK1α kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anmada Nayak
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Charles H Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin Z, Woo CM. Methods to characterize and discover molecular degraders in cells. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7115-7137. [PMID: 35899832 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00261b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells use many post-translational modifications (PTMs) to tailor proteins and transduce cellular signals. Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth of small molecule and enzymatic strategies to purposely manipulate one particular PTM, ubiquitination, on desired target proteins in cells. These approaches typically act by induced proximity between an E3 ligase and a target protein resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of the substrate in cells. In this review, we cover recent approaches to study molecular degraders and discover their induced substrates in vitro and in live cells. Methods that have been adapted and applied to the development of molecular degraders are described, including global proteomics, affinity-purification, chemical proteomics and enzymatic strategies. Extension of these strategies to edit additional PTMs in cells is also discussed. This review is intended to assist researchers who are interested in editing PTMs with new modalities to select suitable method(s) and guide their studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang H, Chen P, Yan H, Fu G, Luo F, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zhai B, Yu J, Chen L, Cui H, Chen J, Huang S, Zeng J, Xu W, Wang H, Liu J. Targeting mTORC2/HDAC3 Inhibits Stemness of Liver Cancer Cells Against Glutamine Starvation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103887. [PMID: 35187863 PMCID: PMC9284171 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are addicted to glutamine. However, cancer cells often suffer from glutamine starvation, which largely results from the fast growth of cancer cells and the insufficient vascularization in the interior of cancer tissues. Herein, based on clinical samples, patient-derived cells (PDCs), and cell lines, it is found that liver cancer cells display stem-like characteristics upon glutamine shortage due to maintaining the stemness of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and even promoting transformation of non-TICs into stem-like cells by glutamine starvation. Increased expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) is essential for maintaining and promoting stem-like characteristics of liver cancer cells during glutamine starvation. Mechanistically, glutamine starvation activates Rictor/mTORC2 to induce HDAC3-mediated deacetylation and stabilization of GS. Rictor is significantly correlated with the expression of GS and stem marker OCT4 at tumor site, and closely correlates with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinomas. Inhibiting components of mTORC2-HDAC3-GS axis decrease TICs and promote xenografts regression upon glutamine-starvation therapy. Collectively, the data provides novel insights into the role of Rictor/mTORC2-HDAC3 in reprogramming glutamine metabolism to sustain stemness of cancer cells. Targeting Rictor/HDAC3 may enhance the efficacy of glutamine-starvation therapy and limit the rapid growth and malignant progression of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Lu Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - He‐Xin Yan
- Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Gong‐Bo Fu
- Department of Medical OncologyAffiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Fei‐Fei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Shi‐Min Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Bo Zhai
- Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Jiang‐Hong Yu
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Hao‐Shu Cui
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Hong‐Yang Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
- National Center for Liver CancerShanghai200433China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Targeted protein degraders march towards the clinic for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101616. [PMID: 35378298 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein degraders are emerging as potent therapeutic tools to address neurological disorders and many complex diseases. It offered several key advantages, including the doses, drug resistance, and side effects over traditional occupancy-based inhibitors. Translation of chemical degraders into a clinical therapy for neurodegenerative disorders has a well-documented knowledge and resource gap. Researchers strive to develop clinical candidates employing chemical degraders' technologies, including hydrophobic tagging, molecular glues, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), specific and nongenetic Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP)-dependent protein erasers (SNIPERs), autophagy targeted chimeras, and autophagosome-tethered compounds for targeted degradation of pathological markers in neurodegenerative disease. Herein, we examined the present state of chemical-mediated targeted protein degradation in the quest for medications to treat neurodegenerative diseases. We further identified targeted degraders under clinical development for neurodegenerative diseases summarizing pertinent discoveries guiding the future of degradation therapeutics. We also addressed the necessary pharmacological interventions needed to achieve unprecedented therapeutic efficacy and its associated challenges.
Collapse
|
22
|
Assembly and function of branched ubiquitin chains. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:759-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
23
|
Gosavi P, Ngan KC, Yeo MJR, Su C, Li J, Lue NZ, Hoenig SM, Liau BB. Profiling the Landscape of Drug Resistance Mutations in Neosubstrates to Molecular Glue Degraders. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:417-429. [PMID: 35505873 PMCID: PMC9052798 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) holds immense promise for drug discovery, but mechanisms of acquired resistance to degraders remain to be fully identified. Here, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-suppressor scanning to identify mechanistic classes of drug resistance mutations to molecular glue degraders in GSPT1 and RBM39, neosubstrates targeted by E3 ligase substrate receptors cereblon and DCAF15, respectively. While many mutations directly alter the ternary complex heterodimerization surface, distal resistance sites were also identified. Several distal mutations in RBM39 led to modest decreases in degradation, yet can enable cell survival, underscoring how small differences in degradation can lead to resistance. Integrative analysis of resistance sites across GSPT1 and RBM39 revealed varying levels of sequence conservation and mutational constraint that control the emergence of different resistance mechanisms, highlighting that many regions co-opted by TPD are nonessential. Altogether, our study identifies common resistance mechanisms for molecular glue degraders and outlines a general approach to survey neosubstrate requirements necessary for effective degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi
M. Gosavi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kevin C. Ngan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Megan J. R. Yeo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cindy Su
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas Z. Lue
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Samuel M. Hoenig
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian B. Liau
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad
Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu S, Gu H, Peng C, Xia F, Cao H, Cui H. Regulation of Glucose, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism by Ubiquitination and SUMOylation for Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849625. [PMID: 35392171 PMCID: PMC8981989 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and SUMOylation, which are posttranslational modifications, play prominent roles in regulating both protein expression and function in cells, as well as various cellular signal transduction pathways. Metabolic reprogramming often occurs in various diseases, especially cancer, which has become a new entry point for understanding cancer mechanisms and developing treatment methods. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation of protein substrates determines the fate of modified proteins. Through accurate and timely degradation and stabilization of the substrate, ubiquitination and SUMOylation widely control various crucial pathways and different proteins involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination and SUMOylation of cell proteins may help us elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying cancer development and provide an important theory for new treatments. In this review, we summarize the processes of ubiquitination and SUMOylation and discuss how ubiquitination and SUMOylation affect cancer metabolism by regulating the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway, including glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, to finally reshape cancer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanwei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjuan Cui,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heim C, Hartmann MD. High-resolution structures of the bound effectors avadomide (CC-122) and iberdomide (CC-220) highlight advantages and limitations of the MsCI4 soaking system. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 78:290-298. [PMID: 35234143 PMCID: PMC8900816 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798322000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using the MsCI4 soaking system, the binding of the next-generation thalidomide-derived immunomodulatory drugs avadomide (CC-122) and iberdomide (CC-220) to cereblon was characterized at high resolution, highlighting the utility of the MsCI4 system for studies of the structure–activity relationship of cereblon effectors. Cereblon (CRBN) is the substrate receptor of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase and is a central player in targeted protein degradation. It is the target of the thalidomide-derived immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and is one of the most widely employed receptors for proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), both of which induce the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Structural studies of ligand binding to CRBN are crucial to elucidate the mechanisms of action and for mediation of side effects, ultimately aiding the development of next-generation IMiDs and PROTACs. With this aim, a crystal-soaking system based on the single-domain bacterial homologue MsCI4 has previously been established and used to delineate the binding modes of several classes of small molecules, including FDA-approved drugs, at the molecular level. Here, this system was used to characterize the binding of the next-generation IMiDs avadomide (CC-122) and iberdomide (CC-220) at high resolution, highlighting the advantages and limitations of the MsCI4 system and its implications for the development of future cereblon effectors.
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang Y, Yokoe H, Kaiho-Soma A, Takahashi K, Hirasawa Y, Morita H, Ohtake F, Kanoh N. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Trivalent PROTACs Having a Functionalization Site with Controlled Orientation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:142-151. [PMID: 34878263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent PROTACs having a functionalization site with controlled orientation were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Based on the X-ray structure of BRD protein degrader MZ1 (1) in complex with human VHL and BRD4BD2, we expected that the 1,2-disubstituted ethyl group near the JQ-1 moiety in MZ1 (1) could be replaced by a planar benzene tether as a platform for further functionalization. To test this hypothesis, we first designed six divalent MZ1 derivatives, 2a-c and 3a-c, by combining three variations of substitution patterns on the benzene ring (1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-substitution) and two variations in the number of ethylene glycol units (2 or 1). We then tested the synthesized compounds for the BRD4 degradation activity of each. As expected, we found that 1,2D-EG2-MZ1 (2a), an MZ1 derivative with 1,2-disubstituted benzene possessing two ethylene glycol units, had an activity profile similar to that of MZ1 (1). Based on the structure of 2a, we then synthesized and evaluated four isomeric trivalent MZ1 derivatives, 15a-15d, having a tert-butyl ester unit on the benzene ring as a handle for further functionalization. Among the four isomers, 1,2,5T-EG2-MZ1 (15c) retained a level of BRD4 depletion activity similar to that of 2a without inducing a measurable Hook effect, and its BRD4 depletion kinetics was the same as that of MZ1 (1). Other isomers were also shown to retain BRD4 depletion activity. Thus, the trivalent PROTACs we synthesized here may serve as efficient platforms for further applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yokoe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Kaiho-Soma
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takahashi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirasawa
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yamanaka S, Horiuchi Y, Matsuoka S, Kido K, Nishino K, Maeno M, Shibata N, Kosako H, Sawasaki T. A proximity biotinylation-based approach to identify protein-E3 ligase interactions induced by PROTACs and molecular glues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:183. [PMID: 35013300 PMCID: PMC8748630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) as well as molecular glues such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and indisulam are drugs that induce interactions between substrate proteins and an E3 ubiquitin ligases for targeted protein degradation. Here, we develop a workflow based on proximity-dependent biotinylation by AirID to identify drug-induced neo-substrates of the E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN). Using AirID-CRBN, we detect IMiD-dependent biotinylation of CRBN neo-substrates in vitro and identify biotinylated peptides of well-known neo-substrates by mass spectrometry with high specificity and selectivity. Additional analyses reveal ZMYM2 and ZMYM2-FGFR1 fusion protein-responsible for the 8p11 syndrome involved in acute myeloid leukaemia-as CRBN neo-substrates. Furthermore, AirID-DCAF15 and AirID-CRBN biotinylate neo-substrates targeted by indisulam and PROTACs, respectively, suggesting that this approach has the potential to serve as a general strategy for characterizing drug-inducible protein-protein interactions in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamanaka
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuto Horiuchi
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Saya Matsuoka
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kohki Kido
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishino
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mayaka Maeno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chek MF, Kim SY, Mori T, Kojima H, Hakoshima T. Crystal structure of N-terminal degron-truncated human glutamine synthetase. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 77:427-434. [PMID: 34726182 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x21010748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a decameric enzyme that plays a key role in nitrogen metabolism. Acetylation of the N-terminal degron (N-degron) of GS is essential for ubiquitylation and subsequent GS degradation. The full-length GS structure showed that the N-degron is buried inside the GS decamer and is inaccessible to the acetyltransferase. The structure of N-degron-truncated GS reported here reveals that the N-degron is not essential for GS decamer formation. It is also shown that the N-degron can be exposed to a solvent region through a series of conformational adjustments upon ligand binding. In summary, this study elucidated the dynamic movement of the N-degron and the possible effect of glutamine in enhancing the acetylation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Fey Chek
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sun Yong Kim
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mori
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Kojima
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
USP15 antagonizes CRL4 CRBN-mediated ubiquitylation of glutamine synthetase and neosubstrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111391118. [PMID: 34583995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111391118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system represents a new strategy to destroy pathogenic proteins in human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide have revolutionized the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and other hematologic malignancies, but almost all patients eventually develop resistance to IMiDs. CRBN, a substrate receptor of CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a direct target for thalidomide teratogenicity and antitumor activity of IMiDs (now known as Cereblon E3 ligase modulators: CELMoDs). Despite recent advances in developing potent CELMoDs and CRBN-based proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), many questions apart from clinical efficacy remain unanswered. CRBN is required for the action of IMiDs, but its protein expression levels do not correlate with intrinsic resistance to IMiDs in MM cells, suggesting other factors involved in regulating resistance to IMiDs. Our recent work revealed that the CRL4CRBN-p97 pathway is required for degradation of natural substrate glutamine synthetase (GS) and neosubstrates. Here, I show that USP15 is a key regulator of the CRL4CRBN-p97 pathway to control stability of GS and neosubstrates IKZF1, IKZF3, CK1-α, RNF166, GSPT1, and BRD4, all of which are crucial drug targets in different types of cancer. USP15 antagonizes ubiquitylation of CRL4CRBN target proteins, thereby preventing their degradation. Notably, USP15 is highly expressed in IMiD-resistant cells, and depletion of USP15 sensitizes these cells to lenalidomide. Inhibition of USP15 represents a valuable therapeutic opportunity to potentiate CELMoD and CRBN-based PROTAC therapies for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Riehl J, Rijal R, Nitz L, Clemen CS, Hofmann A, Eichinger L. Domain Organization of the UBX Domain Containing Protein 9 and Analysis of Its Interactions With the Homohexameric AAA + ATPase p97 (Valosin-Containing Protein). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:748860. [PMID: 34631722 PMCID: PMC8495200 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundant homohexameric AAA + ATPase p97 (also known as valosin-containing protein, VCP) is highly conserved from Dictyostelium discoideum to human and a pivotal factor of cellular protein homeostasis as it catalyzes the unfolding of proteins. Owing to its fundamental function in protein quality control pathways, it is regulated by more than 30 cofactors, including the UBXD protein family, whose members all carry an Ubiquitin Regulatory X (UBX) domain that enables binding to p97. One member of this latter protein family is the largely uncharacterized UBX domain containing protein 9 (UBXD9). Here, we analyzed protein-protein interactions of D. discoideum UBXD9 with p97 using a series of N- and C-terminal truncation constructs and probed the UBXD9 interactome in D. discoideum. Pull-down assays revealed that the UBX domain (amino acids 384-466) is necessary and sufficient for p97 interactions and that the N-terminal extension of the UBX domain, which folds into a β0-α- 1-α0 lariat structure, is required for the dissociation of p97 hexamers. Functionally, this finding is reflected by strongly reduced ATPase activity of p97 upon addition of full length UBXD9 or UBXD9261-573. Results from Blue Native PAGE as well as structural model prediction suggest that hexamers of UBXD9 or UBXD9261-573 interact with p97 hexamers and disrupt the p97 subunit interactions via insertion of a helical lariat structure, presumably by destabilizing the p97 D1:D1' intermolecular interface. We thus propose that UBXD9 regulates p97 activity in vivo by shifting the quaternary structure equilibrium from hexamers to monomers. Using three independent approaches, we further identified novel interaction partners of UBXD9, including glutamine synthetase type III as well as several actin-binding proteins. These findings suggest a role of UBXD9 in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and are in line with the hypothesized oligomerization-dependent mechanism of p97 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riehl
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramesh Rijal
- Department of Biology, College Station, Texas A&M University, Texas, TX, United States
| | - Leonie Nitz
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shen C, Nayak A, Neitzel LR, Adams AA, Silver-Isenstadt M, Sawyer LM, Benchabane H, Wang H, Bunnag N, Li B, Wynn DT, Yang F, Garcia-Contreras M, Williams CH, Dakshanamurthy S, Hong CC, Ayad NG, Capobianco AJ, Ahmed Y, Lee E, Robbins DJ. The E3 ubiquitin ligase component, Cereblon, is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of Wnt signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5263. [PMID: 34489457 PMCID: PMC8421366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are important for the treatment of multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Binding of IMiDs to Cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase, induces cancer cell death by targeting key neo-substrates for degradation. Despite this clinical significance, the physiological regulation of CRBN remains largely unknown. Herein we demonstrate that Wnt, the extracellular ligand of an essential signal transduction pathway, promotes the CRBN-dependent degradation of a subset of proteins. These substrates include Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a negative regulator of Wnt signaling that functions as a key component of the β-Catenin destruction complex. Wnt stimulation induces the interaction of CRBN with CK1α and its resultant ubiquitination, and in contrast with previous reports does so in the absence of an IMiD. Mechanistically, the destruction complex is critical in maintaining CK1α stability in the absence of Wnt, and in recruiting CRBN to target CK1α for degradation in response to Wnt. CRBN is required for physiological Wnt signaling, as modulation of CRBN in zebrafish and Drosophila yields Wnt-driven phenotypes. These studies demonstrate an IMiD-independent, Wnt-driven mechanism of CRBN regulation and provide a means of controlling Wnt pathway activity by CRBN, with relevance for development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anmada Nayak
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amber A Adams
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Leah M Sawyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hassina Benchabane
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Huilan Wang
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nawat Bunnag
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel T Wynn
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Contreras
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ito T, Yamaguchi Y, Handa H. Exploiting ubiquitin ligase cereblon as a target for small-molecule compounds in medicine and chemical biology. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:987-999. [PMID: 34033753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN), originally identified as a gene associated with intellectual disability, was identified as primary target of thalidomide. Accumulating evidence has shown that CRBN is a substrate receptor of Cullin Ring E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) containing DDB1, CUL4, and RBX1, which recognizes specific neosubstrates in the presence of thalidomide or its analogs and induces their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. A set of small-molecule, CRBN-binding drugs are known as molecular glue degraders because these compounds promote the interaction between CRBN and its neosubstrates. Moreover, CRBN-based proteolysis-targeting chimeras, heterobifunctional molecules hijacking CRBN and inducing degradation of proteins of interest, have emerged as a promising modality in drug development and are being actively investigated. Meanwhile, the original functions and regulations of CRBN are still largely elusive. In this review, we describe key findings surrounding CRBN since its discovery and then discuss a few unanswered issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ito
- Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku 160-8402, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao M, Hu M, Chen Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Liu B, Fang B. Cereblon modulator CC-885 induces CRBN-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of CDK4 in multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:150-156. [PMID: 33676183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular glue degraders that hijack cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to target disease-driven proteins for proteosome-dependent degradation are emerging as a promising treatment. Immunomodulatory drugs are classical molecular glue that bind to cereblon (CRBN) to repurpose the function of the CRL4(CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase and developed to treat various hematological malignancies. Recently, a novel cereblon modulator CC-885 was developed to elicit broad antitumor activity. Although the degradation of GSPT1 is essential for the broad in vitro antitumor activity of CC-885, it is unclear whether other neosubstrates also contribute to the pharmacological effects of CC-885, especially in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we show that CC-885 treatment caused growth retardant of MM cells via impairment of cell cycle progression and cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, CC-885 selectively induced the ubiquitination and degradation of CDK4 in MM cells in a CRBN-dependent manner. CC-885-mediated CDK4 destruction decreased the phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) and prevented the expression of E2F downstream genes. Importantly, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of CDK4 enhances CC-885-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells, suggesting CDK4 destruction contributed to the cytotoxicity of CC-885 in MM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Heyi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Baijun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
VCP/p97 regulates Beclin-1-dependent autophagy initiation. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:448-455. [PMID: 33510452 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process that removes harmful protein species, and autophagy upregulation may be able to protect against neurodegeneration and various pathogens. Here, we have identified the essential protein VCP/p97 (VCP, valosin-containing protein) as a novel regulator of autophagosome biogenesis, where VCP regulates autophagy induction in two ways, both dependent on Beclin-1. Utilizing small-molecule inhibitors of VCP ATPase activity, we show that VCP stabilizes Beclin-1 levels by promoting the deubiquitinase activity of ataxin-3 towards Beclin-1. VCP also regulates the assembly and activity of the Beclin-1-containing phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) complex I, thus regulating the production of PI(3)P, a key signaling lipid responsible for the recruitment of downstream autophagy factors. A decreased level of VCP, or inhibition of its ATPase activity, impairs starvation-induced production of PI(3)P and limits downstream recruitment of WIPI2, ATG16L and LC3, thereby decreasing autophagosome formation, illustrating an important role for VCP in early autophagy initiation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vieux EF, Agafonov RV, Emerson L, Isasa M, Deibler RW, Simard JR, Cocozziello D, Ladd B, Lee L, Li H, Archer S, Fitzgerald M, Michael R, Nasveschuk CG, Park ES, Kern G, Proia DA, Phillips AJ, Fisher SL. A Method for Determining the Kinetics of Small-Molecule-Induced Ubiquitination. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2021; 26:547-559. [PMID: 33780296 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in targeted protein degradation have enabled chemical hijacking of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to treat disease. The catalytic rate of cereblon (CRBN)-dependent bifunctional degradation activating compounds (BiDAC), which recruit CRBN to a chosen target protein, resulting in its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, is an important parameter to consider during the drug discovery process. In this work, an in vitro system was developed to measure the kinetics of BRD4 bromodomain 1 (BD1) ubiquitination by fitting an essential activator kinetic model to these data. The affinities between BiDACs, BD1, and CRBN in the binary complex, ternary complex, and full ubiquitination complex were characterized. Together, this work provides a new tool for understanding and optimizing the catalytic and thermodynamic properties of BiDACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Lee
- C4 Therapeutics Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Heng Li
- C4 Therapeutics Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
p97/VCP is highly expressed in the stem-like cells of breast cancer and controls cancer stemness partly through the unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:286. [PMID: 33731668 PMCID: PMC7969628 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p97/VCP, an evolutionarily concerned ATPase, partakes in multiple cellular proteostatic processes, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Elevated expression of p97 is common in many cancers and is often associated with poor survival. Here we report that the levels of p97 positively correlated with the histological grade, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis in breast cancers. We further examined p97 expression in the stem-like cancer cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell population that purportedly underscores cancer initiation, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. We found that p97 was consistently at a higher level in the CD44+/CD24-, ALDH+, or PKH26+ CSC populations than the respective non-CSC populations in human breast cancer tissues and cancer cell lines and p97 expression also positively correlated with that of SOX2, another CSC marker. To assess the role of p97 in breast cancers, cancer proliferation, mammosphere, and orthotopic growth were analyzed. Similarly as p97 depletion, two pharmacological inhibitors, which targets the ER-associated p97 or globally inhibits p97's ATPase activity, markedly reduced cancer growth and the CSC population. Importantly, depletion or inhibition of p97 greatly suppressed the proliferation of the ALDH+ CSCs and the CSC-enriched mammospheres, while exhibiting much less or insignificant inhibitory effects on the non-CSC cancer cells. Comparable phenotypes produced by blocking ERAD suggest that ER proteostasis is essential for the CSC integrity. Loss of p97 gravely activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) and modulated the expression of multiple stemness and pluripotency regulators, including C/EBPδ, c-MYC, SOX2, and SKP2, which collectively contributed to the demise of CSCs. In summary, p97 controls the breast CSC integrity through multiple targets, many of which directly affect cancer stemness and are induced by UPR activation. Our findings highlight the importance of p97 and ER proteostasis in CSC biology and anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tsai PY, Lee MS, Jadhav U, Naqvi I, Madha S, Adler A, Mistry M, Naumenko S, Lewis CA, Hitchcock DS, Roberts FR, DelNero P, Hank T, Honselmann KC, Morales Oyarvide V, Mino-Kenudson M, Clish CB, Shivdasani RA, Kalaany NY. Adaptation of pancreatic cancer cells to nutrient deprivation is reversible and requires glutamine synthetase stabilization by mTORC1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2003014118. [PMID: 33653947 PMCID: PMC7958225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003014118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal, therapy-resistant cancer that thrives in a highly desmoplastic, nutrient-deprived microenvironment. Several studies investigated the effects of depriving PDA of either glucose or glutamine alone. However, the consequences on PDA growth and metabolism of limiting both preferred nutrients have remained largely unknown. Here, we report the selection for clonal human PDA cells that survive and adapt to limiting levels of both glucose and glutamine. We find that adapted clones exhibit increased growth in vitro and enhanced tumor-forming capacity in vivo. Mechanistically, adapted clones share common transcriptional and metabolic programs, including amino acid use for de novo glutamine and nucleotide synthesis. They also display enhanced mTORC1 activity that prevents the proteasomal degradation of glutamine synthetase (GS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutamine synthesis. This phenotype is notably reversible, with PDA cells acquiring alterations in open chromatin upon adaptation. Silencing of GS suppresses the enhanced growth of adapted cells and mitigates tumor growth. These findings identify nongenetic adaptations to nutrient deprivation in PDA and highlight GS as a dependency that could be targeted therapeutically in pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Min-Sik Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Unmesh Jadhav
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Insia Naqvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ashley Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Meeta Mistry
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sergey Naumenko
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Metabolite Profiling Core Facility, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Daniel S Hitchcock
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Peter DelNero
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas Hank
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kim C Honselmann
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nada Y Kalaany
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun H, Wang R, Liu Y, Mei H, Liu X, Peng Z. USP11 induce resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer through activating autophagy by stabilizing VCP. J Cancer 2021; 12:2317-2325. [PMID: 33758608 PMCID: PMC7974880 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the resistance to chemotherapy severely affects the prognosis of CRC patients and the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Our study investigated the role of ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) in CRC chemotherapy and found that USP11 could induce resistance to 5-fluorouracil by activating autophagy. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that USP11 promoted autophagy through AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway via stabilizing valosin-containing protein (VCP). Overall, our study demonstrated that USP11 might be valuable to predict the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and improve the prognosis of CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rangrang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kaiho-Soma A, Akizuki Y, Igarashi K, Endo A, Shoda T, Kawase Y, Demizu Y, Naito M, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Ohtake F. TRIP12 promotes small-molecule-induced degradation through K29/K48-branched ubiquitin chains. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1411-1424.e7. [PMID: 33567268 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging therapeutic paradigm. Small-molecule degraders such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) induce the degradation of neo-substrates by hijacking E3 ubiquitin ligases. Although ubiquitylation of endogenous substrates has been extensively studied, the mechanism underlying forced degradation of neo-substrates is less well understood. We found that the ubiquitin ligase TRIP12 promotes PROTAC-induced and CRL2VHL-mediated degradation of BRD4 but is dispensable for the degradation of the endogenous CRL2VHL substrate HIF-1α. TRIP12 associates with BRD4 via CRL2VHL and specifically assembles K29-linked ubiquitin chains, facilitating the formation of K29/K48-branched ubiquitin chains and accelerating the assembly of K48 linkage by CRL2VHL. Consequently, TRIP12 promotes the PROTAC-induced apoptotic response. TRIP12 also supports the efficiency of other degraders that target CRABP2 or TRIM24 or recruit CRBN. These observations define TRIP12 and K29/K48-branched ubiquitin chains as accelerators of PROTAC-directed targeted protein degradation, revealing a cooperative mechanism of branched ubiquitin chain assembly unique to the degradation of neo-substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kaiho-Soma
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshino Akizuki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akinori Endo
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takuji Shoda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki city, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kawase
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki city, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki city, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki city, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Glutamine Synthetase as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041701. [PMID: 33567690 PMCID: PMC7915753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of glutamine in cancer metabolism has been extensively studied. Cancer cells consume an excessive amount of glutamine to facilitate rapid proliferation. Thus, glutamine depletion occurs in various cancer types, especially in poorly vascularized cancers. This makes glutamine synthetase (GS), the only enzyme responsible for de novo synthesizing glutamine, essential in cancer metabolism. In cancer, GS exhibits pro-tumoral features by synthesizing glutamine, supporting nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, GS is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provides glutamine to cancer cells, allowing cancer cells to maintain sufficient glutamine level for glutamine catabolism. Glutamine catabolism, the opposite reaction of glutamine synthesis by GS, is well known for supporting cancer cell proliferation via contributing biosynthesis of various essential molecules and energy production. Either glutamine anabolism or catabolism has a critical function in cancer metabolism depending on the complex nature and microenvironment of cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of GS in a variety of cancer types and microenvironments and highlight the mechanism of GS at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting GS in cancer.
Collapse
|
41
|
Martinez-Høyer S, Karsan A. Mechanisms of lenalidomide sensitivity and resistance. Exp Hematol 2020; 91:22-31. [PMID: 32976949 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) possess antitumor properties revolutionized the treatment of specific types of hematological cancers. Since then, much progress has been made in understanding why the IMiDs are so efficient in targeting the malignant clones in difficult-to-treat diseases. Despite their efficacy, IMiD resistance arises eventually. Herein we summarize the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to lenalidomide in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma, two diseases in which these drugs are at the therapeutic frontline. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying IMiD efficacy and resistance may allow development of specific strategies to eliminate the malignant clone in otherwise incurable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martinez-Høyer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aly Karsan
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The novel cereblon modulator CC-885 inhibits mitophagy via selective degradation of BNIP3L. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1246-1254. [PMID: 32210356 PMCID: PMC7608331 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a degradative pathway that mediates the degradation of the entire mitochondria, and defects in this process are implicated in many diseases including cancer. In mammals, mitophagy is mediated by BNIP3L (also known as NIX) that is a dual regulator of mitochondrial turnover and programmed cell death pathways. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with deficiency of BNIP3L are more sensitive to mitochondria-targeting drugs. But small molecular inhibitors for BNIP3L are currently not available. Some immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been proved by FDA for hematologic malignancies, however, the underlining molecular mechanisms are still elusive, which hindered the applications of BNIP3L inhibition for AML treatment. In this study we carried out MS-based quantitative proteomics analysis to identify the potential neosubstrates of a novel thalidomide derivative CC-885 in A549 cells. In total, we quantified 5029 proteins with 36 downregulated in CRBN+/+ cell after CC-885 administration. Bioinformatic analysis showed that macromitophagy pathway was enriched in the negative pathway after CC-885 treatment. We further found that CC-885 caused both dose- and time-dependent degradation of BNIP3L in CRBN+/+, but not CRBN−/− cell. Thus, our data uncover a novel role of CC-885 in the regulation of mitophagy by targeting BNIP3L for CRL4CRBN E3 ligase-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, suggesting that CC-885 could be used as a selective BNIP3L degradator for the further investigation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CC-885 could enhance AML cell sensitivity to the mitochondria-targeting drug rotenone, suggesting that combining CC-885 and mitochondria-targeting drugs may be a therapeutic strategy for AML patients.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Jin J. The application of ubiquitin ligases in the PROTAC drug design. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:776-790. [PMID: 32506133 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation plays important roles in many biological activities. Protein ubiquitylation is a unique process that is mainly controlled by ubiquitin ligases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main process to degrade short-lived and unwanted proteins in eukaryotes. Many components in the UPS are attractive drug targets. Recent studies indicated that ubiquitin ligases can be employed as tools in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for drug discovery. In this review article, we will discuss the recent progress of the application of ubiquitin ligases in the PROTAC drug design. We will also discuss advantages and existing problems of PROTACs. Moreover, we will propose a few principles for selecting ubiquitin ligases in PROTAC applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianping Jin
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu X, Wang L, Wang Y, Ji J, Li J, Wang Z, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhang ZR. RNF126-Mediated Reubiquitination Is Required for Proteasomal Degradation of p97-Extracted Membrane Proteins. Mol Cell 2020; 79:320-331.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
45
|
A Cereblon Modulator CC-885 Induces CRBN- and p97-Dependent PLK1 Degradation and Synergizes with Volasertib to Suppress Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:215-225. [PMID: 32728610 PMCID: PMC7369516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a major goal of clinical treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential mitotic kinase in cell cycle progression and is associated with oncogenesis in a large spectrum of cancer types, including NSCLC. Volasertib (BI 6727) is a potent, selective, PLK1 inhibitor that is currently under phase 2 clinical trials with modest antitumor activity against solid tumors. As the combination of volasertib with pemetrexed does not improve efficacy for NSCLC treatment, it is crucial to identify compounds that could enhance efficacy with volasertib. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) bind to E3 ligase CRBN and repurposes it to ubiquitinate other proteins as neo-substrates, representing an effective treatment for hematologic malignancies. In this study, by screening IMiDs, we found that a novel CRBN modulator, CC-885, can synergistically inhibit NSCLC with volasertib both in vitro and in vivo. This synergistic effect overcomes volasertib resistance caused by PLK1 mutations and is compromised in CRBN-or p97-depleted cells. Mechanistically, CC-885 selectively promotes CRBN- and p97-dependent PLK1 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of NSCLC to volasertib. In conclusion, our findings reveal that PLK1 is a neo-substrate of CUL4-CRBN induced by CC-885 and represent a combinational approach for treating NSCLC.
Collapse
|
46
|
He Y, Zhang X, Chang J, Kim HN, Zhang P, Wang Y, Khan S, Liu X, Zhang X, Lv D, Song L, Li W, Thummuri D, Yuan Y, Wiegand JS, Ortiz YT, Budamagunta V, Elisseeff JH, Campisi J, Almeida M, Zheng G, Zhou D. Using proteolysis-targeting chimera technology to reduce navitoclax platelet toxicity and improve its senolytic activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1996. [PMID: 32332723 PMCID: PMC7181703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that selectively kill senescent cells (SCs), termed senolytics, have the potential to prevent and treat various age-related diseases and extend healthspan. The use of Bcl-xl inhibitors as senolytics is largely limited by their on-target and dose-limiting platelet toxicity. Here, we report the use of proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to reduce the platelet toxicity of navitoclax (also known as ABT263), a Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl dual inhibitor, by converting it into PZ15227 (PZ), a Bcl-xl PROTAC, which targets Bcl-xl to the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase for degradation. Compared to ABT263, PZ is less toxic to platelets, but equally or slightly more potent against SCs because CRBN is poorly expressed in platelets. PZ effectively clears SCs and rejuvenates tissue stem and progenitor cells in naturally aged mice without causing severe thrombocytopenia. With further improvement, Bcl-xl PROTACs have the potential to become safer and more potent senolytic agents than Bcl-xl inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan He
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Peiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xingui Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dongwen Lv
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dinesh Thummuri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janet S Wiegand
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuma T Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vivekananda Budamagunta
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ortigosa F, Valderrama-Martín JM, Urbano-Gámez JA, García-Martín ML, Ávila C, Cánovas FM, Cañas RA. Inorganic Nitrogen Form Determines Nutrient Allocation and Metabolic Responses in Maritime Pine Seedlings. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040481. [PMID: 32283755 PMCID: PMC7238028 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate and ammonium are the main forms of inorganic nitrogen available to plants. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes caused by ammonium and nitrate nutrition in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Seedlings were grown with five solutions containing different proportions of nitrate and ammonium. Their nitrogen status was characterized through analyses of their biomass, different biochemical and molecular markers as well as a metabolite profile using 1H-NMR. Ammonium-fed seedlings exhibited higher biomass than nitrate-fed-seedlings. Nitrate mainly accumulated in the stem and ammonium in the roots. Needles of ammonium-fed seedlings had higher nitrogen and amino acid contents but lower levels of enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism. Higher amounts of soluble sugars and L-arginine were found in the roots of ammonium-fed seedlings. In contrast, L-asparagine accumulated in the roots of nitrate-fed seedlings. The differences in the allocation of nitrate and ammonium may function as metabolic buffers to prevent interference with the metabolism of photosynthetic organs. The metabolite profiles observed in the roots suggest problems with carbon and nitrogen assimilation in nitrate-supplied seedlings. Taken together, this new knowledge contributes not only to a better understanding of nitrogen metabolism but also to improving aspects of applied mineral nutrition for conifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ortigosa
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - José Miguel Valderrama-Martín
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - José Alberto Urbano-Gámez
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Concepción Ávila
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francisco M. Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Rafael A. Cañas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-13-4272
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kurihara T, Asahi T, Sawamura N. Cereblon-mediated degradation of the amyloid precursor protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
p97 belongs to the functional diverse superfamily of AAA+ (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) ATPases and is characterized by an N-terminal regulatory domain and two stacked hexameric ATPase domains forming a central protein conducting channel. p97 is highly versatile and has key functions in maintaining protein homeostasis including protein quality control mechanisms like the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy to disassemble polyubiquitylated proteins from chromatin, membranes, macromolecular protein complexes and aggregates which are either degraded by the proteasome or recycled. p97 can use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to catalyze substrate unfolding and threading through its central channel. The function of p97 in a large variety of different cellular contexts is reflected by its simultaneous association with different cofactors, which are involved in substrate recognition and processing, thus leading to the formation of transient multi-protein complexes. Dysregulation in protein homeostasis and proteotoxic stress are often involved in the development of cancer and neurological diseases and targeting the UPS including p97 in cancer is a well-established pharmacological strategy. In this chapter we will describe structural and functional aspects of the p97 interactome in regulating diverse cellular processes and will discuss the role of p97 in targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
50
|
Verma R, Mohl D, Deshaies RJ. Harnessing the Power of Proteolysis for Targeted Protein Inactivation. Mol Cell 2020; 77:446-460. [PMID: 32004468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two decades into the twenty-first century, a confluence of breakthrough technologies wielded at the molecular level is presenting biologists with unique opportunities to unravel the complexities of the cellular world. CRISPR/Cas9 allows gene knock-outs, knock-ins, and single-base editing at chromosomal loci. RNA-based tools such as siRNA, antisense oligos, and morpholinos can be used to silence expression of specific genes. Meanwhile, protein knockdown tools that draw inspiration from natural regulatory mechanisms and facilitate elimination of native or degron-tagged proteins from cells are rapidly emerging. The acute and reversible reduction in protein levels enabled by these methods allows for precise determination of loss-of-function phenotypes free from secondary effects or compensatory adaptation that can confound nucleic-acid-based methods that involve slow depletion or permanent loss of a protein. In this Review, we summarize the ingenious ways biologists have exploited natural mechanisms for protein degradation to direct the elimination of specific proteins at will. This has led to advancements not only in basic research but also in the therapeutic space with the introduction of PROTACs into clinical trials for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rati Verma
- AMGEN Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| | - Dane Mohl
- AMGEN Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|