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Qiu Z, Liu X, Yu J, Zhao Y, Zhao GR, Li S, Liu K, Du L, Ma L. Efficient conversion of aromatic and phenylpropanoid alcohols to acids by the cascade biocatalysis of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:187-195. [PMID: 38385148 PMCID: PMC10876487 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzyl and phenylpropanoid acids are widely used in organic synthesis of fine chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and condiments. However, biocatalysis of these acids has received less attention than chemical synthesis. One of the main challenges for biological production is the limited availability of alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Environmental microorganisms are potential sources of these enzymes. In this study, 129 alcohol dehydrogenases and 42 aldehyde dehydrogenases from Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis were identified and explored with various benzyl and phenylpropanoid alcohol and aldehyde substrates, among which four alcohol dehydrogenases and four aldehyde dehydrogenases with broad substrate specificity and high catalytic activity were obtained. Moreover, a cascade whole-cell catalytic system including ADH-90, ALDH-40, and the NAD(P)H oxidase LreNox was established, which showed high efficiency in converting cinnamyl alcohol and p-methylbenzyl alcohol into the respective carboxylic acids. Remarkably, this biocatalytic system can be easily scaled up to gram-level production, facilitating preparation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Health Management, Hengxing University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Yushuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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2
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Diversification of phenolic glucosides by two UDP-glucosyltransferases featuring complementary regioselectivity. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:208. [PMID: 36217200 PMCID: PMC9549646 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucoside natural products have been showing great medicinal values and potentials. However, the production of glucosides by plant extraction, chemical synthesis, and traditional biotransformation is insufficient to meet the fast-growing pharmaceutical demands. Microbial synthetic biology offers promising strategies for synthesis and diversification of plant glycosides. RESULTS In this study, the two efficient UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) (UGT85A1 and RrUGT3) of plant origin, that are capable of recognizing phenolic aglycons, are characterized in vitro. The two UGTs show complementary regioselectivity towards the alcoholic and phenolic hydroxyl groups on phenolic substrates. By combining a developed alkylphenol bio-oxidation system and these UGTs, twenty-four phenolic glucosides are enzymatically synthesized from readily accessible alkylphenol substrates. Based on the bio-oxidation and glycosylation systems, a number of microbial cell factories are constructed and applied to biotransformation, giving rise to a variety of plant and plant-like O-glucosides. Remarkably, several unnatural O-glucosides prepared by the two UGTs demonstrate better prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory and/or anti-inflammatory activities than those of the clinically used glucosidic drugs including gastrodin, salidroside and helicid. Furthermore, the two UGTs are also able to catalyze the formation of N- and S-glucosidic bonds to produce N- and S-glucosides. CONCLUSIONS Two highly efficient UGTs, UGT85A1 and RrUGT3, with distinct regioselectivity were characterized in this study. A group of plant and plant-like glucosides were efficiently synthesized by cell-based biotransformation using a developed alkylphenol bio-oxidation system and these two UGTs. Many of the O-glucosides exhibited better PEP inhibitory or anti-inflammatory activities than plant-origin glucoside drugs, showing significant potentials for new glucosidic drug development.
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3
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Ma L, Li F, Zhang X, Chen H, Huang Q, Su J, Liu X, Sun T, Fang B, Liu K, Tang D, Wu D, Zhang W, Du L, Li S. Development of MEMS directed evolution strategy for multiplied throughput and convergent evolution of cytochrome P450 enzymes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:550-560. [PMID: 34480693 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution (DE) inspired by natural evolution (NE) has been achieving tremendous successes in protein/enzyme engineering. However, the conventional "one-protein-for-one-task" DE cannot match the "multi-proteins-for-multi-tasks" NE in terms of screening throughput and efficiency, thus often failing to meet the fast-growing demands for biocatalysts with desired properties. In this study, we design a novel "multi-enzymes-for-multi-substrates" (MEMS) DE model and establish the proof-of-concept by running a NE-mimicking and higher-throughput screening on the basis of "two-P450s-against-seven-substrates" (2P×7S) in one pot. With the multiplied throughput and improved hit rate, we witness a series of convergent evolution events of the two archetypal cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450 BM3 and P450cam) in laboratory. It is anticipated that the new strategy of MEMS DE will find broader application for a larger repertoire of enzymes in the future. Furthermore, structural and substrate docking analysis of the two functionally convergent P450 variants provide important insights into how distinct P450 active-sites can reach a common catalytic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tianjian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dalei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Structural Basis for Selective Oxidation of Phosphorylated Ethylphenols by Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase CreJ. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00018-21. [PMID: 33712426 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00018-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oxidation of C-H bonds in alkylphenols holds great significance for not only structural derivatization in pharma- and biomanufacturing but also biological degradation of these toxic chemicals in environmental protection. A unique chemomimetic biocatalytic system using enzymes from a p-cresol biodegradation pathway has recently been developed. As the central biocatalyst, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CreJ oxidizes diverse p- and m-alkylphenol phosphates with perfect stereoselectivity at different efficiencies. However, the mechanism of regio- and stereoselectivity of this chemomimetic biocatalytic system remained unclear. Here, using p- and m-ethylphenol substrates, we elucidate the CreJ-catalyzed key steps for selective oxidations. The crystal structure of CreJ in complex with m-ethylphenol phosphate was solved and compared with its complex structure with p-ethylphenol phosphate isomer. The results indicate that the conformational changes of substrate-binding residues are slight, while the substrate promiscuity is achieved mainly by the available space in the catalytic cavity. Moreover, the catalytic preferences of regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation for the two ethylphenol substrates is explored by molecular dynamics simulations. The ethyl groups in the complexes display different flexibilities, and the distances of the active oxygen to H pro-S and H pro-R of methylene agree with the experimental stereoselectivity. The regioselectivity can be explained by the distances and bond dissociation energy. These results provide not only the mechanistic insights into CreJ regio- and stereoselectivity but also the structural basis for further P450 enzyme design and engineering.IMPORTANCE The key cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CreJ showed excellent regio- and stereoselectivity in the oxidation of various alkylphenol substrates. C-H bond functionalization of these toxic alkylphenols holds great significance for both biological degradation of these environmental chemicals and production of value-added structural derivatives in pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. Our results, combined with in vitro enzymatic assays, crystal structure determination of enzyme-substrate complex, and molecular dynamics simulations, provide not only significant mechanism elucidation of the regio- and stereoselective catalyzation mediated by CreJ but also the promising directions for future engineering efforts of this enzyme toward more useful products. It also has great extendable potential to couple this multifunctional P450 enzyme with other biocatalysts (e.g., hydroxyl-based glycosylase) to access more alkylphenol-derived high-value chemicals through environment-friendly biocatalysis and biotransformation.
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5
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Iizaka Y, Sherman DH, Anzai Y. An overview of the cytochrome P450 enzymes that catalyze the same-site multistep oxidation reactions in biotechnologically relevant selected actinomycete strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2647-2661. [PMID: 33710358 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are one of the major factors responsible for the diversity of metabolites produced through many biosynthetic and biodegradative processes in actinomycetes. P450s typically catalyze a single oxidative modification; however, several P450s have been identified with the unique ability to iteratively oxidize the same-site of the substrate. These P450s are capable of forming diverse compounds that affect biological processes, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. Although further structural and functional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that allow multistep oxidative modification, recent studies have revealed the enzymatic properties and reaction mechanisms of these P450s. This mini-review covers the current knowledge of P450s that catalyze the multistep oxidation reactions and contribute to the production of a wide variety of metabolites by selected actinomycete strains, along with insights into their application and utility. Understanding the characteristics of these remarkable enzymes will facilitate their utilization in biotechnological applications to create biologically active and other high-value compounds. KEY POINTS: • The multistep oxidation by P450s plays a key role in the diversity of metabolites. • The mechanisms that enable P450s to catalyze iterative oxidation remains unknown. • The effective use of P450s that iteratively oxidize the same-site is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Iizaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - David H Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yojiro Anzai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
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6
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Newmister SA, Srivastava KR, Espinoza RV, Caddell Haatveit K, Khatri Y, Martini RM, Garcia-Borràs M, Podust LM, Houk KN, Sherman DH. Molecular Basis of Iterative C─H Oxidation by TamI, a Multifunctional P450 monooxygenase from the Tirandamycin Biosynthetic Pathway. ACS Catal 2020; 10:13445-13454. [PMID: 33569241 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis offers an expanding and powerful strategy to construct and diversify complex molecules by C─H bond functionalization. Due to their high selectivity, enzymes have become an essential tool for C─H bond functionalization and offer complementary reactivity to small-molecule catalysts. Hemoproteins, particularly cytochromes P450, have proven effective for selective oxidation of unactivated C─H bonds. Previously, we reported the in vitro characterization of an oxidative tailoring cascade in which TamI, a multifunctional P450 functions co-dependently with the TamL flavoprotein to catalyze regio- and stereoselective hydroxylations and epoxidation to yield tirandamycin A and tirandamycin B. TamI follows a defined order including 1) C10 hydroxylation, 2) C11/C12 epoxidation, and 3) C18 hydroxylation. Here we present a structural, biochemical, and computational investigation of TamI to understand the molecular basis of its substrate binding, diverse reactivity, and specific reaction sequence. The crystal structure of TamI in complex with tirandamycin C together with molecular dynamics simulations and targeted mutagenesis suggest that hydrophobic interactions with the polyene chain of its natural substrate are critical for molecular recognition. QM calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of TamI with variant substrates provided detailed information on the molecular basis of sequential reactivity, and pattern of regio- and stereo-selectivity in catalyzing the three-step oxidative cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Newmister
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kinshuk Raj Srivastava
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engineering, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rosa V. Espinoza
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kersti Caddell Haatveit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yogan Khatri
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel M. Martini
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Larissa M. Podust
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David. H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Micobiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Zheng L, Yang Y, Wang H, Fan A, Zhang L, Li SM. Ustethylin Biosynthesis Implies Phenethyl Derivative Formation in Aspergillus ustus. Org Lett 2020; 22:7837-7841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liujuan Zheng
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yiling Yang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Haowen Wang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aili Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Sun W, Xue H, Liu H, Lv B, Yu Y, Wang Y, Huang M, Li C. Controlling Chemo- and Regioselectivity of a Plant P450 in Yeast Cell toward Rare Licorice Triterpenoid Biosynthesis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Sun
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Haijie Xue
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Meilan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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9
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Li Z, Jiang Y, Guengerich FP, Ma L, Li S, Zhang W. Engineering cytochrome P450 enzyme systems for biomedical and biotechnological applications. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:833-849. [PMID: 31811088 PMCID: PMC6970918 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.008758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are broadly distributed among living organisms and play crucial roles in natural product biosynthesis, degradation of xenobiotics, steroid biosynthesis, and drug metabolism. P450s are considered as the most versatile biocatalysts in nature because of the vast variety of substrate structures and the types of reactions they catalyze. In particular, P450s can catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxidations of nonactivated C-H bonds in complex organic molecules under mild conditions, making P450s useful biocatalysts in the production of commodity pharmaceuticals, fine or bulk chemicals, bioremediation agents, flavors, and fragrances. Major efforts have been made in engineering improved P450 systems that overcome the inherent limitations of the native enzymes. In this review, we focus on recent progress of different strategies, including protein engineering, redox-partner engineering, substrate engineering, electron source engineering, and P450-mediated metabolic engineering, in efforts to more efficiently produce pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. We also discuss future opportunities for engineering and applications of the P450 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China
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10
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Doyon TJ, Perkins JC, Baker Dockrey SA, Romero EO, Skinner KC, Zimmerman PM, Narayan ARH. Chemoenzymatic o-Quinone Methide Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20269-20277. [PMID: 31840992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Generation of reactive intermediates and interception of these fleeting species under physiological conditions is a common strategy employed by Nature to build molecular complexity. However, selective formation of these species under mild conditions using classical synthetic techniques is an outstanding challenge. Here, we demonstrate the utility of biocatalysis in generating o-quinone methide intermediates with precise chemoselectivity under mild, aqueous conditions. Specifically, α-ketoglutarate-dependent non-heme iron enzymes, CitB and ClaD, are employed to selectively modify benzylic C-H bonds of o-cresol substrates. In this transformation, biocatalytic hydroxylation of a benzylic C-H bond affords a benzylic alcohol product which, under the aqueous reaction conditions, is in equilibrium with the corresponding o-quinone methide. o-Quinone methide interception by a nucleophile or a dienophile allows for one-pot conversion of benzylic C-H bonds into C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S bonds in chemoenzymatic cascades on preparative scale. The chemoselectivity and mild nature of this platform is showcased here by the selective modification of peptides and chemoenzymatic synthesis of the chroman natural product (-)-xyloketal D.
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11
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Dockrey SB, Suh CE, Benítez AR, Wymore T, Brooks CL, Narayan ARH. Positioning-Group-Enabled Biocatalytic Oxidative Dearomatization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1010-1016. [PMID: 31263760 PMCID: PMC6598382 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts have the potential to perform reactions with exceptional selectivity and high catalytic efficiency while utilizing safe and sustainable reagents. Despite these positive attributes, the utility of a biocatalyst can be limited by the breadth of substrates that can be accommodated in the active site in a reactive pose. Proven strategies exist for optimizing the performance of a biocatalyst toward unnatural substrates, including protein engineering; however, these methods can be time intensive and require specialized equipment that renders these approaches inaccessible to synthetic chemists. Strategies accessible to chemists for the expansion of a natural enzyme's substrate scope, while maintaining high levels of site- and stereoselectivity, remain elusive. Here, we employ a computationally guided substrate engineering strategy to expand the synthetic utility of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase. Specifically, experimental observations and computational modeling led to the identification of a critical interaction between the substrate and protein which is responsible for orienting the substrate in a pose productive for catalysis. The fundamental hypothesis for this positioning group strategy is supported by binding and kinetic assays as well as computational studies with a panel of compounds. Further, incorporation of this positioning group into substrates through a cleavable ester linkage transformed compounds not oxidized by the biocatalyst SorbC into substrates efficiently oxidatively dearomatized by the wild-type enzyme with the highest levels of site- and stereoselectivity known for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer
A. Baker Dockrey
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, and Department of
Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolyn E. Suh
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, and Department of
Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Attabey Rodríguez Benítez
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, and Department of
Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Troy Wymore
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, and Department of
Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Charles L. Brooks
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, and Department of
Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, and Department of
Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Zhang W, Du L, Li F, Zhang X, Qu Z, Han L, Li Z, Sun J, Qi F, Yao Q, Sun Y, Geng C, Li S. Mechanistic Insights into Interactions between Bacterial Class I P450 Enzymes and Redox Partners. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Lei Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Fengwei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Zepeng Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingran Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Fengxia Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Qiuping Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Ce Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Shengying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Li J, Tang X, Awakawa T, Moore BS. Enzymatic C-H Oxidation-Amidation Cascade in the Production of Natural and Unnatural Thiotetronate Antibiotics with Potentiated Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12234-12239. [PMID: 28833969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The selective activation of unreactive hydrocarbons by biosynthetic enzymes has inspired new synthetic methods in C-H bond activation. Herein, we report the unprecedented two-step biosynthetic conversion of thiotetromycin to thiotetroamide C involving the tandem oxidation and amidation of an unreactive ethyl group. We detail the genetic and biochemical basis for the terminal amidation in thiotetroamide C biosynthesis, which involves a uniquely adapted cytochrome P450-amidotransferase enzyme pair and highlights the first oxidation-amidation enzymatic cascade reaction leading to the selective formation of a primary amide group from a chemically inert alkyl group. Motivated by the ten-fold increase in antibiotic potency of thiotetroamide C ascribed to the acetamide group and the unusual enzymology involved, we enzymatically interrogated diverse thiolactomycin analogues and prepared an unnatural thiotetroamide C analogue with potentiated bioactivity compared to the parent molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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