1
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Adar RM, Joanny JF. Environment-Stored Memory in Active Nematics and Extra-Cellular Matrix Remodeling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:118402. [PMID: 39331992 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.118402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Many active systems display nematic order, while interacting with their environment. In this Letter, we show theoretically how environment-stored memory acts an effective external field that aligns active nematics. The coupling to the environment leads to substantial modifications of the known phase diagram and dynamics of active nematics, including nematic order at arbitrarily low densities and arrested domain coarsening. We are motivated mainly by cells that remodel fibers in their extra-cellular matrix (ECM), while being directed by the fibers during migration. Our predictions indicate that remodeling promotes cellular and ECM alignment, and possibly limits the range of ordered ECM domains, in accordance with recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Joanny
- Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, 75248 Paris, France
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2
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Muralidharan H, Hansen T, Steinle A, Schumacher D, Stickeler E, Maurer J. Breast Cancer Stem Cells Upregulate IRF6 in Stromal Fibroblasts to Induce Stromagenesis. Cells 2024; 13:1466. [PMID: 39273037 PMCID: PMC11393902 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of a cancer stem cell (CSC) niche is often found in coexistence with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, we show the first in-depth analysis of the interaction between primary triple-negative breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with fibroblasts. Using 2D co-culture models with specific seeding ratios, we identified stromal fibroblast aggregation at the BCSC cluster periphery, and, on closer observation, the aggregated fibroblasts was found to encircle BCSC clusters in nematic organization. In addition, collagen type I and fibronectin accumulation were also found at the BCSC-stromal periphery. MACE-Seq analysis of BCSC-encapsulating fibroblasts displayed the transformation of stromal fibroblasts to CAFs and the upregulation of fibrosis regulating genes of which the Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) gene was identified. Loss of function experiments with the IRF6 gene decreased fibroblast encapsulation around BCSC clusters in 2D co-cultures. In BCSC xenografts, fibroblast IRF6 expression led to an increase in the stromal area and fibroblast density in tumors, in addition to a reduction in necrotic growth. Based on our findings, we propose that fibroblast IRF6 function is an important factor in the development of the stromal microenvironment and in sustaining the BCSC tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Muralidharan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Steinle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Koyama H, Okumura H, Otani T, Ito AM, Nakamura K, Kato K, Fujimori T. Effective mechanical potential of cell-cell interaction in tissues harboring cavity and in cell sheet toward morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1414601. [PMID: 39105171 PMCID: PMC11298474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1414601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Measuring mechanical forces of cell-cell interactions is important for studying morphogenesis in multicellular organisms. We previously reported an image-based statistical method for inferring effective mechanical potentials of pairwise cell-cell interactions by fitting cell tracking data with a theoretical model. However, whether this method is applicable to tissues with non-cellular components such as cavities remains elusive. Here we evaluated the applicability of the method to cavity-harboring tissues. Using synthetic data generated by simulations, we found that the effect of expanding cavities was added to the pregiven potentials used in the simulations, resulting in the inferred effective potentials having an additional repulsive component derived from the expanding cavities. Interestingly, simulations by using the effective potentials reproduced the cavity-harboring structures. Then, we applied our method to the mouse blastocysts, and found that the inferred effective potentials can reproduce the cavity-harboring structures. Pairwise potentials with additional repulsive components were also detected in two-dimensional cell sheets, by which curved sheets including tubes and cups were simulated. We conclude that our inference method is applicable to tissues harboring cavities and cell sheets, and the resultant effective potentials are useful to simulate the morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koyama
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Biomolecular Dynamics Simulation Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi M. Ito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Optics and Imaging Facility, Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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4
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Leech V, Kenny FN, Marcotti S, Shaw TJ, Stramer BM, Manhart A. Derivation and simulation of a computational model of active cell populations: How overlap avoidance, deformability, cell-cell junctions and cytoskeletal forces affect alignment. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011879. [PMID: 39074138 PMCID: PMC11309491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective alignment of cell populations is a commonly observed phenomena in biology. An important example are aligning fibroblasts in healthy or scar tissue. In this work we derive and simulate a mechanistic agent-based model of the collective behaviour of actively moving and interacting cells, with a focus on understanding collective alignment. The derivation strategy is based on energy minimisation. The model ingredients are motivated by data on the behaviour of different populations of aligning fibroblasts and include: Self-propulsion, overlap avoidance, deformability, cell-cell junctions and cytoskeletal forces. We find that there is an optimal ratio of self-propulsion speed and overlap avoidance that maximises collective alignment. Further we find that deformability aids alignment, and that cell-cell junctions by themselves hinder alignment. However, if cytoskeletal forces are transmitted via cell-cell junctions we observe strong collective alignment over large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Leech
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona N. Kenny
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya J. Shaw
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian M. Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Matsukiyo H, Fukuda JI. Oscillating edge current in polar active fluid. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054604. [PMID: 38907507 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Dense bacterial suspensions exhibit turbulent behavior called bacterial turbulence. The behavior of the bulk unconstrained bacterial turbulence is described well by the Toner-Tu-Swift-Hohenberg (TTSH) equation for the velocity field. However, it remains unclear how we should treat boundary conditions on bacterial turbulence in contact with some boundaries (e.g., solid walls). To be more specific, although the importance of the edge current, the flow along the boundary, has been demonstrated in several experimental studies on confined bacterial suspensions, previous numerical studies based on the TTSH equation employ nonslip boundary conditions and do not seem to properly describe the behavior of bacteria near the boundaries. In this paper, we impose a slip boundary condition on the TTSH equation to describe the bacterial motion at boundaries. We develop a method to implement the slip boundary condition. Using this method, we have successfully produced edge current and discovered that the direction of the edge current temporally oscillates. The oscillation can be attributable to the advection term in the TTSH equation. Our paper demonstrates that boundary conditions could play an important role in the collective dynamics of active systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsukiyo
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Nejad MR, Ruske LJ, McCord M, Zhang J, Zhang G, Notbohm J, Yeomans JM. Stress-shape misalignment in confluent cell layers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3628. [PMID: 38684651 PMCID: PMC11059169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In tissue formation and repair, the epithelium undergoes complex patterns of motion driven by the active forces produced by each cell. Although the principles governing how the forces evolve in time are not yet clear, it is often assumed that the contractile stresses within the cell layer align with the axis defined by the body of each cell. Here, we simultaneously measured the orientations of the cell shape and the cell-generated contractile stresses, observing correlated, dynamic domains in which the stresses were systematically misaligned with the cell body. We developed a continuum model that decouples the orientations of contractile stress and cell body. The model recovered the spatial and temporal dynamics of the regions of misalignment in the experiments. These findings reveal that the cell controls its contractile forces independently from its shape, suggesting that the physical rules relating cell forces and cell shape are more flexible than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrana R Nejad
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
| | - Liam J Ruske
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Molly McCord
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Guanming Zhang
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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7
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Kenny FN, Marcotti S, De Freitas DB, Drudi EM, Leech V, Bell RE, Easton J, Díaz-de-la-Loza MDC, Fleck R, Allison L, Philippeos C, Manhart A, Shaw TJ, Stramer BM. Autocrine IL-6 drives cell and extracellular matrix anisotropy in scar fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:1-16. [PMID: 37660739 PMCID: PMC10878985 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is associated with dramatic changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of unknown etiology. Here we exploit keloid scars as a paradigm to understand fibrotic ECM organization. We reveal that keloid patient fibroblasts uniquely produce a globally aligned ECM network in 2-D culture as observed in scar tissue. ECM anisotropy develops after rapid initiation of a fibroblast supracellular actin network, suggesting that cell alignment initiates ECM patterning. Keloid fibroblasts produce elevated levels of IL-6, and autocrine IL-6 production is both necessary and sufficient to induce cell and ECM alignment, as evidenced by ligand stimulation of normal dermal fibroblasts and treatment of keloid fibroblasts with the function blocking IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab. Downstream of IL-6, supracellular organization of keloid fibroblasts is controlled by activation of cell-cell adhesion. Adhesion formation inhibits contact-induced cellular overlap leading to nematic organization of cells and an alignment of focal adhesions. Keloid fibroblasts placed on isotropic ECM align the pre-existing matrix, suggesting that focal adhesion alignment leads to active anisotropic remodeling. These results show that IL-6-induced fibroblast cooperativity can control the development of a nematic ECM, highlighting both IL-6 signaling and cell-cell adhesions as potential therapeutic targets to inhibit this common feature of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona N Kenny
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elena M Drudi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vivienne Leech
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, UK
| | - Rachel E Bell
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Easton
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructure Imaging, King's College London, UK
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructure Imaging, King's College London, UK
| | - Christina Philippeos
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, UK; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Brian M Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Hague JP, Andrews AE, Dickinson H. High-throughput design of cultured tissue moulds using a biophysical model: optimising cell alignment. Phys Biol 2023; 20:066006. [PMID: 37899639 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ad0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The technique presented here identifies tethered mould designs, optimised for growing cultured tissue with very highly-aligned cells. It is based on a microscopic biophysical model for polarised cellular hydrogels. There is an unmet need for tools to assist mould and scaffold designs for the growth of cultured tissues with bespoke cell organisations, that can be used in applications such as regenerative medicine, drug screening and cultured meat. High-throughput biophysical calculations were made for a wide variety of computer-generated moulds, with cell-matrix interactions and tissue-scale forces simulated using a contractile network dipole orientation model. Elongated moulds with central broadening and one of the following tethering strategies are found to lead to highly-aligned cells: (1) tethers placed within the bilateral protrusions resulting from an indentation on the short edge, to guide alignment (2) tethers placed within a single vertex to shrink the available space for misalignment. As such, proof-of-concept has been shown for mould and tethered scaffold design based on a recently developed biophysical model. The approach is applicable to a broad range of cell types that align in tissues and is extensible for 3D scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hague
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Allison E Andrews
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Dickinson
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
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Li Y, Zhong Z, Xu C, Wu X, Li J, Tao W, Wang J, Du Y, Zhang S. 3D micropattern force triggers YAP nuclear entry by transport across nuclear pores and modulates stem cells paracrine. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad165. [PMID: 37457331 PMCID: PMC10347367 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues of the cellular microenvironment tremendously influence cell behavior by mechanotransduction. However, it is still unclear how cells sense and transduce the mechanical signals from 3D geometry to regulate cell function. Here, the mechanotransduction of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by 3D micropatterns and its effect on the paracrine of MSCs are systematically investigated. Our findings show that 3D micropattern force could influence the spatial reorganization of the cytoskeleton, leading to different local forces which mediate nucleus alteration such as orientation, morphology, expression of Lamin A/C and chromatin condensation. Specifically, in the triangular prism and cuboid micropatterns, the ordered F-actin fibers are distributed over and fully transmit compressive forces to the nucleus, which results in nuclear flattening and stretching of nuclear pores, thus enhancing the nuclear import of YES-associated protein (YAP). Furthermore, the activation of YAP significantly enhances the paracrine of MSCs and upregulates the secretion of angiogenic growth factors. In contrast, the fewer compressive forces on the nucleus in cylinder and cube micropatterns cause less YAP entering the nucleus. The skin repair experiment provides the first in vivo evidence that enhanced MSCs paracrine by 3D geometry significantly promotes tissue regeneration. The current study contributes to understanding the in-depth mechanisms of mechanical signals affecting cell function and provides inspiration for innovative design of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cunjing Xu
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Weiyong Tao
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Jianglin Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
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10
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Koyama H, Okumura H, Ito AM, Nakamura K, Otani T, Kato K, Fujimori T. Effective mechanical potential of cell-cell interaction explains three-dimensional morphologies during early embryogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011306. [PMID: 37549166 PMCID: PMC10434874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are critical for the emergence of diverse three-dimensional morphologies of multicellular systems. However, it remains unclear what kind of mechanical parameters at cellular level substantially contribute to tissue morphologies. This is largely due to technical limitations of live measurements of cellular forces. Here we developed a framework for inferring and modeling mechanical forces of cell-cell interactions. First, by analogy to coarse-grained models in molecular and colloidal sciences, we approximated cells as particles, where mean forces (i.e. effective forces) of pairwise cell-cell interactions are considered. Then, the forces were statistically inferred by fitting the mathematical model to cell tracking data. This method was validated by using synthetic cell tracking data resembling various in vivo situations. Application of our method to the cells in the early embryos of mice and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that cell-cell interaction forces can be written as a pairwise potential energy in a manner dependent on cell-cell distances. Importantly, the profiles of the pairwise potentials were quantitatively different among species and embryonic stages, and the quantitative differences correctly described the differences of their morphological features such as spherical vs. distorted cell aggregates, and tightly vs. non-tightly assembled aggregates. We conclude that the effective pairwise potential of cell-cell interactions is a live measurable parameter whose quantitative differences can be a parameter describing three-dimensional tissue morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koyama
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Biomolecular Dynamics Simulation Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi M. Ito
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Bioimage Informatics Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Diversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Kaiyrbekov K, Endresen K, Sullivan K, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Serra F, Camley BA. Migration and division in cell monolayers on substrates with topological defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301197120. [PMID: 37463218 PMCID: PMC10372565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301197120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective movement and organization of cell monolayers are important for wound healing and tissue development. Recent experiments highlighted the importance of liquid crystal order within these layers, suggesting that +1 topological defects have a role in organizing tissue morphogenesis. We study fibroblast organization, motion, and proliferation on a substrate with micron-sized ridges that induce +1 and -1 topological defects using simulation and experiment. We model cells as self-propelled deformable ellipses that interact via a Gay-Berne potential. Unlike earlier work on other cell types, we see that density variation near defects is not explained by collective migration. We propose instead that fibroblasts have different division rates depending on their area and aspect ratio. This model captures key features of our previous experiments: the alignment quality worsens at high cell density and, at the center of the +1 defects, cells can adopt either highly anisotropic or primarily isotropic morphologies. Experiments performed with different ridge heights confirm a prediction of this model: Suppressing migration across ridges promotes higher cell density at the +1 defect. Our work enables a mechanism for tissue patterning using topological defects without relying on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurmanbek Kaiyrbekov
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Kirsten Endresen
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Kyle Sullivan
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Zhaofei Zheng
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Francesca Serra
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense5230, Denmark
| | - Brian A. Camley
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
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12
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Luo Y, Gu M, Park M, Fang X, Kwon Y, Urueña JM, Read de Alaniz J, Helgeson ME, Marchetti CM, Valentine MT. Molecular-scale substrate anisotropy, crowding and division drive collective behaviours in cell monolayers. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230160. [PMID: 37403487 PMCID: PMC10320338 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to reorganize in response to external stimuli is important in areas ranging from morphogenesis to tissue engineering. While nematic order is common in biological tissues, it typically only extends to small regions of cells interacting via steric repulsion. On isotropic substrates, elongated cells can co-align due to steric effects, forming ordered but randomly oriented finite-size domains. However, we have discovered that flat substrates with nematic order can induce global nematic alignment of dense, spindle-like cells, thereby influencing cell organization and collective motion and driving alignment on the scale of the entire tissue. Remarkably, single cells are not sensitive to the substrate's anisotropy. Rather, the emergence of global nematic order is a collective phenomenon that requires both steric effects and molecular-scale anisotropy of the substrate. To quantify the rich set of behaviours afforded by this system, we analyse velocity, positional and orientational correlations for several thousand cells over days. The establishment of global order is facilitated by enhanced cell division along the substrate's nematic axis, and associated extensile stresses that restructure the cells' actomyosin networks. Our work provides a new understanding of the dynamics of cellular remodelling and organization among weakly interacting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Mengyang Gu
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Minwook Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Urueña
- BioPACIFIC MIP, California NanoSystems Institute, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Cristina M. Marchetti
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Megan T. Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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13
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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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14
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Sarkar T, Yashunsky V, Brézin L, Blanch Mercader C, Aryaksama T, Lacroix M, Risler T, Joanny JF, Silberzan P. Crisscross multilayering of cell sheets. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad034. [PMID: 36938501 PMCID: PMC10019763 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrostatic skeletons such as the Hydra's consist of two stacked layers of muscle cells perpendicularly oriented. In vivo, these bilayers first assemble, and then the muscle fibers of both layers develop and organize with this crisscross orientation. In the present work, we identify an alternative mechanism of crisscross bilayering of myoblasts in vitro, which results from the prior local organization of these active cells in the initial monolayer. The myoblast sheet can be described as a contractile active nematic in which, as expected, most of the +1/2 topological defects associated with this nematic order self-propel. However, as a result of the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) by the cells, a subpopulation of these comet-like defects does not show any self-propulsion. Perpendicular bilayering occurs at these stationary defects. Cells located at the head of these defects converge toward their core where they accumulate until they start migrating on top of the tail of the first layer, while the tail cells migrate in the opposite direction under the head. Since the cells keep their initial orientations, the two stacked layers end up perpendicularly oriented. This concerted process leading to a crisscross bilayering is mediated by the secretion of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinish Sarkar
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Victor Yashunsky
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Louis Brézin
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris Sciences et Lettres, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Carles Blanch Mercader
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Thibault Aryaksama
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lacroix
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Risler
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Joanny
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris Sciences et Lettres, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
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15
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Olenik M, Turley J, Cross S, Weavers H, Martin P, Chenchiah IV, Liverpool TB. Fluctuations of cell geometry and their nonequilibrium thermodynamics in living epithelial tissue. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014403. [PMID: 36797912 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We measure different contributions to entropy production in a living functional epithelial tissue. We do this by extracting the functional dynamics of development while at the same time quantifying fluctuations. Using the translucent Drosophila melanogaster pupal epithelium as an ideal tissue for high-resolution live imaging, we measure the entropy associated with the stochastic geometry of cells in the epithelium. This is done using a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the shape and orientation of individual cells which enables separation of local and global aspects of the tissue behavior. Intriguingly, we find that we can observe irreversible dynamics in the cell geometries but without a change in the entropy associated with those degrees of freedom, showing that there is a flow of energy into those degrees of freedom. Hence, the living system is controlling how the entropy is being produced and partitioned into its different parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olenik
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
| | - J Turley
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - S Cross
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - H Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - P Martin
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - I V Chenchiah
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
| | - T B Liverpool
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol - Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
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16
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Ippolito A, Deshpande VS. The influence of entropic crowding in cell monolayers. Biophys J 2022; 121:4394-4404. [PMID: 36004781 PMCID: PMC9703008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interaction dictates cell morphology and organization, which play a crucial role in the micro-architecture of tissues that guides their biological and mechanical functioning. Here, we investigate the effect of cell density on the responses of cells seeded on flat substrates using a novel statistical thermodynamics framework. The framework recognizes the existence of nonthermal fluctuations in cellular response and thereby naturally captures entropic interactions between cells in monolayers. In line with observations, the model predicts that cell area and elongation decrease with increasing cell seeding density-both are a direct outcome of the fluctuating nature of the cellular response that gives rise to enhanced cell-cell interactions with increasing cell crowding. The modeling framework also predicts the increase in cell alignment with increasing cell density: this cellular ordering is also due to enhanced entropic interactions and is akin to nematic ordering in liquid crystals. Our simulations provide physical insights that suggest that entropic cell-cell interactions play a crucial role in governing the responses of cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ippolito
- Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
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17
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Zhang YX, Liu CY, Chen HY, I L. Spontaneous multi-scale void formation and closure in densifying epithelial and fibroblast monolayers from the sub-confluent state. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:89. [PMID: 36346482 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using time-lapse phase contrast microscopy, the formation and closure of spontaneously generated voids in the densifying monolayers of isotropic epithelial cells (ECs) and elongated fibroblast cells (FCs) through proliferation from the sub-confluent state are investigated. It is found that, in both types of monolayers after forming a connected network composed of nematic patches with different orientations, numerous multi-scale voids can be spontaneously formed and gradually close with increasing time. The isotropic fluctuations of deformation and crawling of ECs and the anisotropic axial motion/alignment polarizations of FCs are the two keys leading to the following different generic dynamical behaviors. In EC monolayers, voids exhibit irregular boundary fluctuations and easier cell re-orientation of front layer cells (FLCs) surrounding void boundaries. Void closures are mainly through pinching the gap between the opposite fluctuating void boundaries, and the inward crawling of FLCs to reduce void area associated with topological rearrangement to reduce FLC number. In FC monolayers, large voids have piecewise smooth convex boundaries, and cusp-shaped concave boundaries with cells orienting toward the void at cusp tips. The extension of a thin cell bridge from the cusp tip can bisect a large void into smaller voids. For smaller FC voids dominated by convex boundaries, along which cell alignment prohibits inward crawling, the reduction of FLC number through successive outward squeezing of single FLCs by neighboring FLCs sliding along the void boundary plays an important role for topological rearrangement and void closure. Unlike those surrounding artificial wounds in dense EC monolayers, the absence of ring-like purse-strings surrounding EC and FC voids allows topological rearrangements for reducing void perimeter and void area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Lin I
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.
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18
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Perepelitsa M, Timofeyev I, Murphy P, Igoshin OA. Mean-field model for nematic alignment of self-propelled rods. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034613. [PMID: 36266908 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled rods are a facet of the field of active matter relevant to many physical systems ranging in scale from shaken granular media and bacterial alignment to the flocking dynamics of animals. In this paper we develop a model for nematic alignment of self-propelled rods interacting through binary collisions. We avoid phenomenological descriptions of rod interaction in favor of rigorously using a set of microscopic-level rules. Under the assumption that each collision results in a small change to a rod's orientation, we derive the Fokker-Planck equation for the evolution of the kinetic density function. Using analytical and numerical methods, we study the emergence of the nematic order from a homogeneous, uniform steady state of the mean-field equation. We compare the level of orientational noise needed to destabilize this nematic order and compare our results to an existing phenomenological model that does not explicitly account for the physical collisions of rods. We show the presence of an additional geometric factor in our equations reflecting a reduced collision rate between nearly aligned rods that reduces the level of noise at which nematic order is destroyed, suggesting that alignment that depends on purely physical collisions is less robust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Timofeyev
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Patrick Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Oleg A Igoshin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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19
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Ouyang M, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Bu B, Guo J, Deng L. Mechanical communication-associated cell directional migration and branching connections mediated by calcium channels, integrin β1, and N-cadherin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942058. [PMID: 36051439 PMCID: PMC9424768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell mechanical communications at a large spatial scale (above hundreds of micrometers) have been increasingly recognized in recent decade, which shows importance in tissue-level assembly and morphodynamics. The involved mechanosensing mechanism and resulted physiological functions are still to be fully understood. Recent work showed that traction force sensation in the matrix induces cell communications for self-assembly. Here, based on the experimental model of cell directional migration on Matrigel hydrogel, containing 0.5 mg/ml type I collagen, we studied the mechano-responsive pathways for cell distant communications. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells assembled network structure on the hydrogel, whereas stayed isolated individually when cultured on glass without force transmission. Cell directional migration, or network assembly was significantly attenuated by inhibited actomyosin activity, or inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) calcium channel or SERCA pump on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, or L-type calcium channel on the plasma membrane. Inhibition of integrin β1 with siRNA knockdown reduced cell directional migration and branching assembly, whereas inhibition of cell junctional N-cadherin with siRNA had little effect on distant attractions but blocked branching assembly. Our work demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels and integrin are mechanosensing signals for cell mechanical communications regulated by actomyosin activity, while N-cadherin is responsible for traction force-induced cell stable connections in the assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linhong Deng
- *Correspondence: Mingxing Ouyang, ; Linhong Deng,
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20
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Bera AK, Sriya Y, Pati F. Formulation of Dermal Tissue Matrix Bioink by a Facile Decellularization Method and Process Optimization for 3D Bioprinting toward Translation Research. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200109. [PMID: 35714619 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECMs) are being extensively used for tissue engineering purposes and detergents are predominantly used for this. A facile detergent-free decellularization method is developed for dermal matrix and compared it with the most used detergent-based decellularization methods. An optimized, single-step, cost-effective Hypotonic/Hypertonic (H/H) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solutions-based method is employed to decellularize goat skin that resulted in much higher yield than other methods. The ECM composition, mechanical property, and cytocompatibility are evaluated and compared with other decellularization methods. Furthermore, this H/H-treated decellularized dermal ECM (ddECM) exhibits a residual DNA content of <50 ng mg-1 of dry tissue. Moreover, 85.64 ± 3.01% of glycosaminoglycans and 65.53 ± 2.9% collagen are retained compared to the native tissue, which is higher than the ddECMs prepared by other methods. The cellular response is superior in ddECM (H/H) than other ddECMs prepared by detergent-based methods. Additionally, a bioink is formulated with the ddECM (H/H), showing good shear thinning and shear recovery properties. Process optimization in terms of print speed, flow rate, and viscosity is done to obtain a bioprinting window for ddECM bioink. The printed constructs with optimized parameters have adequate mechanical and cell adhesive properties and excellent isotropic cellular alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Bera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Yeleswarapu Sriya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
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21
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Shin MJ, Im SH, Kim W, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Chung HJ, Yoon DK. Recyclable Periodic Nanostructure Formed by Sublimable Liquid Crystals for Robust Cell Alignment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3765-3774. [PMID: 35302783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile method to fabricate a recyclable cell-alignment scaffold using nanogrooves based on sublimable liquid crystal (LC) material. Randomly and uniaxially arranged smectic LC structures are obtained, followed by sublimation and recondensation processes, which directly produce periodic nanogrooves with dimensions of a couple of hundreds of nanometers. After treatment with osmium tetroxide (OsO4), the nanogroove can serve as a scaffold to efficiently induce directed cell growth without causing cytotoxicity, and it can be used repeatedly. Together, various cell types are applied to the nanogroove, proving the scaffold's broad applicability. Depending on the nanotopography of the LC structures, cells exhibit different morphologies and gene expression patterns, compared to cells on standard glass substrates, according to microscopic observation and qPCR. Furthermore, cell sheets can be formed, which consist of oriented cells that can be repeatedly formed and transferred to other substrates, while maintaining its organization. We believe that our cell-aligning scaffold may pave the way for the soft material field to bioengineering, which can involve fundamentals in cell behavior and function, as well as applications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - San Hae Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, orea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, orea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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22
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Li Y, Kang S, Halawani D, Wang Y, Junqueira Alves C, Ramakrishnan A, Estill M, Shen L, Li F, He X, Friedel RH, Zou H. Macrophages facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration by organizing regeneration tracks through Plexin-B2. Genes Dev 2022; 36:133-148. [PMID: 35086862 PMCID: PMC8887133 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349063.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Li et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of peripheral nerves, which is guided by regeneration tracks formed through an interplay of many cell types. They demonstrate that macrophages are mobilized ahead of Schwann cells in the nerve bridge after transection injury to participate in building regeneration tracks. This requires the function of guidance receptor Plexin-B2, which is robustly up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages in injured nerve. The regeneration of peripheral nerves is guided by regeneration tracks formed through an interplay of many cell types, but the underlying signaling pathways remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that macrophages are mobilized ahead of Schwann cells in the nerve bridge after transection injury to participate in building regeneration tracks. This requires the function of guidance receptor Plexin-B2, which is robustly up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages in injured nerves. Conditional deletion of Plexin-B2 in myeloid lineage resulted in not only macrophage misalignment but also matrix disarray and Schwann cell disorganization, leading to misguided axons and delayed functional recovery. Plexin-B2 is not required for macrophage recruitment or activation but enables macrophages to steer clear of colliding axons, in particular the growth cones at the tip of regenerating axons, leading to parallel alignment postcollision. Together, our studies unveil a novel reparative function of macrophages and the importance of Plexin-B2-mediated collision-dependent contact avoidance between macrophages and regenerating axons in forming regeneration tracks during peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sangjo Kang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dalia Halawani
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Chrystian Junqueira Alves
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Molly Estill
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Fengtao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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23
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Endresen KD, Kim M, Pittman M, Chen Y, Serra F. Topological defects of integer charge in cell monolayers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5878-5887. [PMID: 33710239 PMCID: PMC8220479 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many cell types spontaneously order like nematic liquid crystals, and, as such, they form topological defects, which influence the cell organization. While defects with topological charge ±1/2 are common in cell monolayers, defects with charge ±1, which are thought to be relevant in the formation of protrusions in living systems, are more elusive. We use topographical patterns to impose topological charge of ±1 in controlled locations in cell monolayers. We study two types of cells, 3T6 fibroblasts and EpH-4 epithelial cells, and we compare their behavior on such patterns, characterizing the degree of alignment, the cell density near the defects, and their behavior at the defect core. We observe density variation in the 3T6 monolayers near both types of defects over the same length-scale. By choosing appropriate geometrical parameters of our topographical features, we identify a new behavior of 3T6 cells near the defects with topological charge +1, leading to a change in the cells' preferred shape. Our strategy allows a fine control of cell alignment near defects as a platform to study liquid crystalline properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MinSu Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Matthew Pittman
- Johns Hopkins University, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Johns Hopkins University, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Baltimore, USA
| | - Francesca Serra
- Johns Hopkins University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Baltimore, USA.
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24
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Fan Q, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xie R, Ding Y, Wang B, Yu X, Lu Y, Liu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Jiao Y, Ye F. Dynamically Re‐Organized Collagen Fiber Bundles Transmit Mechanical Signals and Induce Strongly Correlated Cell Migration and Self‐Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ruipei Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Boyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ying Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
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25
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Fan Q, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xie R, Ding Y, Wang B, Yu X, Lu Y, Liu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Jiao Y, Ye F. Dynamically Re-Organized Collagen Fiber Bundles Transmit Mechanical Signals and Induce Strongly Correlated Cell Migration and Self-Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11858-11867. [PMID: 33533087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Correlated cell migration in fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in many biological processes. During migration, cells can remodel the ECM, leading to the formation of mesoscale structures such as fiber bundles. However, how such mesoscale structures regulate correlated single-cells migration remains to be elucidated. Here, using a quasi-3D in vitro model, we investigate how collagen fiber bundles are dynamically re-organized and guide cell migration. By combining laser ablation technique with 3D tracking and active-particle simulations, we definitively show that only the re-organized fiber bundles that carry significant tensile forces can guide strongly correlated cell migration, providing for the first time a direct experimental evidence supporting that matrix-transmitted long-range forces can regulate cell migration and self-organization. This force regulation mechanism can provide new insights for studies on cellular dynamics, fabrication or selection of biomedical materials in tissue repairing, and many other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruipei Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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26
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Alisafaei F, Chen X, Leahy T, Janmey PA, Shenoy VB. Long-range mechanical signaling in biological systems. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:241-253. [PMID: 33136113 PMCID: PMC8385661 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells can respond to signals generated by other cells that are remarkably far away. Studies from at least the 1920's showed that cells move toward each other when the distance between them is on the order of a millimeter, which is many times the cell diameter. Chemical signals generated by molecules diffusing from the cell surface would move too slowly and dissipate too fast to account for these effects, suggesting that they might be physical rather than biochemical. The non-linear elastic responses of sparsely connected networks of stiff or semiflexible filament such as those that form the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton have unusual properties that suggest multiple mechanisms for long-range signaling in biological tissues. These include not only direct force transmission, but also highly non-uniform local deformations, and force-generated changes in fiber alignment and density. Defining how fibrous networks respond to cell-generated forces can help design new methods to characterize abnormal tissues and can guide development of improved biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Alisafaei
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Leahy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and Departments of Physiology, and Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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van Genderen AM, Jansen K, Kristen M, van Duijn J, Li Y, Schuurmans CCL, Malda J, Vermonden T, Jansen J, Masereeuw R, Castilho M. Topographic Guidance in Melt-Electrowritten Tubular Scaffolds Enhances Engineered Kidney Tubule Performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:617364. [PMID: 33537294 PMCID: PMC7848123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.617364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date, tubular tissue engineering relies on large, non-porous tubular scaffolds (Ø > 2 mm) for mechanical self-support, or smaller (Ø 150-500 μm) tubes within bulk hydrogels for studying renal transport phenomena. To advance the engineering of kidney tubules for future implantation, constructs should be both self-supportive and yet small-sized and highly porous. Here, we hypothesize that the fabrication of small-sized porous tubular scaffolds with a highly organized fibrous microstructure by means of melt-electrowriting (MEW) allows the development of self-supported kidney proximal tubules with enhanced properties. Materials and Methods: A custom-built melt-electrowriting (MEW) device was used to fabricate tubular fibrous scaffolds with small diameter sizes (Ø = 0.5, 1, 3 mm) and well-defined, porous microarchitectures (rhombus, square, and random). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC) were seeded into the tubular scaffolds and tested for monolayer formation, integrity, and organization, as well as for extracellular matrix (ECM) production and renal transport functionality. Results: Tubular fibrous scaffolds were successfully manufactured by fine control of MEW instrument parameters. A minimum inner diameter of 1 mm and pore sizes of 0.2 mm were achieved and used for subsequent cell experiments. While HUVEC were unable to bridge the pores, ciPTEC formed tight monolayers in all scaffold microarchitectures tested. Well-defined rhombus-shaped pores outperformed and facilitated unidirectional cell orientation, increased collagen type IV deposition, and expression of the renal transporters and differentiation markers organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Discussion and Conclusion: Here, we present smaller diameter engineered kidney tubules with microgeometry-directed cell functionality. Due to the well-organized tubular fiber scaffold microstructure, the tubes are mechanically self-supported, and the self-produced ECM constitutes the only barrier between the inner and outer compartment, facilitating rapid and active solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Metje van Genderen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katja Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kristen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost van Duijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carl C L Schuurmans
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology and Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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28
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Hashimoto K, Yamashita K, Enoyoshi K, Dahan X, Takeuchi T, Kori H, Gotoh M. The effects of coating culture dishes with collagen on fibroblast cell shape and swirling pattern formation. J Biol Phys 2020; 46:351-369. [PMID: 32860547 PMCID: PMC7719137 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile human-skin fibroblasts form macroscopic swirling patterns when grown to confluence on a culture dish. In this paper, we investigate the effect of coating the culture-dish surface with collagen on the resulting pattern, using human-skin fibroblast NB1RGB cells as the model system. The presence of the collagen coating is expected to enhance the adherence of the fibroblasts to the dish surface, and thereby also enhance the traction that the fibroblasts have as they move. We find that, contrary to our initial expectation, the coating does not significantly affect the motility of the fibroblasts. Their eventual number density at confluence is also unaffected. However, the coherence length of cell orientation in the swirling pattern is diminished. We also find that the fibroblasts cultured in collagen-coated dishes are rounder in shape and shorter in perimeter, compared with those cultured in uncoated polystyrene or glass culture dishes. We hypothesise that the rounder cell-shape which weakens the cell-cell nematic contact interaction is responsible for the change in coherence length. A simple mathematical model of the migrating fibroblasts is constructed, which demonstrates that constant motility with weaker nematic interaction strength does indeed lead to the shortening of the coherence length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kanako Enoyoshi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xavier Dahan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsu Takeuchi
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kori
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Ouyang M, Qian Z, Bu B, Jin Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Deng L. Sensing Traction Force on the Matrix Induces Cell-Cell Distant Mechanical Communications for Self-Assembly. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5833-5848. [PMID: 33320570 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The long-range biomechanical force propagating across a large scale may reserve the capability to trigger coordinative responses within cell population such as during angiogenesis, epithelial tubulogenesis, and cancer metastasis. How cells communicate in a distant manner within the group for self-assembly remains largely unknown. Here, we found that airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) rapidly self-assembled into a well-constructed network on 3D Matrigel containing type I collagen (COL), which relied on long-range biomechanical force across the matrix to direct cell-cell distant interactions. Similar results happened by HUVEC cells to mimic angiogenesis. Interestingly, single ASMCs initiated multiple extended protrusions precisely pointing to neighboring cells in distance (100-300 μm away or 5-10 folds of the diameter of a round single cell), depending on traction force sensing. Individual ASMCs mechanosensed each other to move directionally on both nonfibrous Matrigel only and Matrigel containing fibrous COL but lost mutual sensing on the cross-linked gel or coated glass due to no long-range force transmission. The bead tracking assay demonstrated distant transmission of traction force (up to 400 μm) during the matrix deformation, and finite element method modeling confirmed the consistency between maximum strain distribution on the matrix and cell directional movements in experiments. Furthermore, ASMCs recruited COL from the hydrogel to build a fibrous network to mechanically stabilize the cell network. Our results revealed principally that cells can sense traction force transmitted through the matrix to initiate cell-cell distant mechanical communications, resulting in cell directional migration and coordinated cell and COL self-assembly with active matrix remodeling. As an interesting phenomenon, cells seem to be able to "make a phone call" via long-range biomechanics, which implicates physiological importance such as for tissue pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Zhili Qian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Bing Bu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
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30
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3D Microwell Platforms for Control of Single Cell 3D Geometry and Intracellular Organization. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 14:1-14. [PMID: 33643464 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell structure and migration is impacted by the mechanical properties and geometry of the cell adhesive environment. Most studies to date investigating the effects of 3D environments on cells have not controlled geometry at the single-cell level, making it difficult to understand the influence of 3D environmental cues on single cells. Here, we developed microwell platforms to investigate the effects of 2D vs. 3D geometries on single-cell F-actin and nuclear organization. Methods We used microfabrication techniques to fabricate three polyacrylamide platforms: 3D microwells with a 3D adhesive environment (3D/3D), 3D microwells with 2D adhesive areas at the bottom only (3D/2D), and flat 2D gels with 2D patterned adhesive areas (2D/2D). We measured geometric swelling and Young's modulus of the platforms. We then cultured C2C12 myoblasts on each platform and evaluated the effects of the engineered microenvironments on F-actin structure and nuclear shape. Results We tuned the mechanical characteristics of the microfabricated platforms by manipulating the gel formulation. Crosslinker ratio strongly influenced geometric swelling whereas total polymer content primarily affected Young's modulus. When comparing cells in these platforms, we found significant effects on F-actin and nuclear structures. Our analysis showed that a 3D/3D environment was necessary to increase actin and nuclear height. A 3D/2D environment was sufficient to increase actin alignment and nuclear aspect ratio compared to a 2D/2D environment. Conclusions Using our novel polyacrylamide platforms, we were able to decouple the effects of 3D confinement and adhesive environment, finding that both influenced actin and nuclear structure.
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31
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Rules of collective migration: from the wildebeest to the neural crest. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190387. [PMID: 32713298 PMCID: PMC7423382 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective migration, the movement of groups in which individuals affect the behaviour of one another, occurs at practically every scale, from bacteria up to whole species' populations. Universal principles of collective movement can be applied at all levels. In this review, we will describe the rules governing collective motility, with a specific focus on the neural crest, an embryonic stem cell population that undergoes extensive collective migration during development. We will discuss how the underlying principles of individual cell behaviour, and those that emerge from a supracellular scale, can explain collective migration. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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32
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Self-organization in brain tumors: How cell morphology and cell density influence glioma pattern formation. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007611. [PMID: 32379821 PMCID: PMC7244185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling cancer cells is essential to better understand the dynamic nature of brain tumors and glioma cells, including their invasion of normal brain. Our goal is to study how the morphology of the glioma cell influences the formation of patterns of collective behavior such as flocks (cells moving in the same direction) or streams (cells moving in opposite direction) referred to as oncostream. We have observed experimentally that the presence of oncostreams correlates with tumor progression. We propose an original agent-based model that considers each cell as an ellipsoid. We show that stretching cells from round to ellipsoid increases stream formation. A systematic numerical investigation of the model was implemented in [Formula: see text]. We deduce a phase diagram identifying key regimes for the dynamics (e.g. formation of flocks, streams, scattering). Moreover, we study the effect of cellular density and show that, in contrast to classical models of flocking, increasing cellular density reduces the formation of flocks. We observe similar patterns in [Formula: see text] with the noticeable difference that stream formation is more ubiquitous compared to flock formation.
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Wijedasa NP, Broas SM, Daso RE, Banerjee IA. Varying fish scale derived hydroxyapatite bound hybrid peptide nanofiber scaffolds for potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Park D, Wershof E, Boeing S, Labernadie A, Jenkins RP, George S, Trepat X, Bates PA, Sahai E. Extracellular matrix anisotropy is determined by TFAP2C-dependent regulation of cell collisions. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:227-238. [PMID: 31659294 PMCID: PMC6989216 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The isotropic or anisotropic organization of biological extracellular matrices has important consequences for tissue function. We study emergent anisotropy using fibroblasts that generate varying degrees of matrix alignment from uniform starting conditions. This reveals that the early migratory paths of fibroblasts are correlated with subsequent matrix organization. Combined experimentation and adaptation of Vicsek modelling demonstrates that the reorientation of cells relative to each other following collision plays a role in generating matrix anisotropy. We term this behaviour 'cell collision guidance'. The transcription factor TFAP2C regulates cell collision guidance in part by controlling the expression of RND3. RND3 localizes to cell-cell collision zones where it downregulates actomyosin activity. Cell collision guidance fails without this mechanism in place, leading to isotropic matrix generation. The cross-referencing of alignment and TFAP2C gene expression signatures against existing datasets enables the identification and validation of several classes of pharmacological agents that disrupt matrix anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Park
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Esther Wershof
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Labernadie
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert P Jenkins
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Samantha George
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Wershof E, Park D, Jenkins RP, Barry DJ, Sahai E, Bates PA. Matrix feedback enables diverse higher-order patterning of the extracellular matrix. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007251. [PMID: 31658254 PMCID: PMC6816557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The higher-order patterning of extra-cellular matrix in normal and pathological tissues has profound consequences on tissue function. Whilst studies have documented both how fibroblasts create and maintain individual matrix fibers and how cell migration is altered by the fibers they interact with, a model unifying these two aspects of tissue organization is lacking. Here we use computational modelling to understand the effect of this interconnectivity between fibroblasts and matrix at the mesoscale level. We created a unique adaptation to the Vicsek flocking model to include feedback from a second layer representing the matrix, and use experimentation to parameterize our model and validate model-driven hypotheses. Our two-layer model demonstrates that feedback between fibroblasts and matrix increases matrix diversity creating higher-order patterns. The model can quantitatively recapitulate matrix patterns of tissues in vivo. Cells follow matrix fibers irrespective of when the matrix fibers were deposited, resulting in feedback with the matrix acting as temporal 'memory' to collective behaviour, which creates diversity in topology. We also establish conditions under which matrix can be remodelled from one pattern to another. Our model elucidates how simple rules defining fibroblast-matrix interactions are sufficient to generate complex tissue patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wershof
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Park
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Jenkins
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Barry
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Malgarim Cordenonsi L, Faccendini A, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Malavasi L, Raffin R, Scherman Schapoval EE, Del Fante C, Vigani B, Miele D, Sandri G, Ferrari F. Platelet lysate loaded electrospun scaffolds: Effect of nanofiber types on wound healing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:247-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Aktas OC, Metzger W, Mees L, Martinez MM, Haidar A, Oberringer M, Wennemuth G, Pütz N, Ghori MZ, Pohlemann T, Veith M. Controlling fibroblast adhesion and proliferation by 1D Al 2O 3 nanostructures. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:621-625. [PMID: 31432796 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrotic encapsulation, which is mainly accompanied by an excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, is an undesired phenomenon after the implantation of various medical devices. Beside the surface chemistry, the topography plays also a major role in the fibroblast-surface interaction. In the present study, one-dimensional aluminium oxide (1D Al2O3) nanostructures with different distribution densities were prepared to reveal the response of human fibroblasts to the surface topography. The cell size, the cell number and the ability to form well-defined actin fibres and focal adhesions were significantly impaired with increasing distribution density of the 1D Al2O3 nanostructures on the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oral Cenk Aktas
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Mees
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marina Miro Martinez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ayman Haidar
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oberringer
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- University Clinic Essen, Department of Anatomy, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Pütz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Zubair Ghori
- Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Veith
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Zhao J, Gulan U, Horie T, Ohmura N, Han J, Yang C, Kong J, Wang S, Xu BB. Advances in Biological Liquid Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900019. [PMID: 30892830 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological liquid crystals, a rich set of soft materials with rod-like structures widely existing in nature, possess typical lyotropic liquid crystalline phase properties both in vitro (e.g., cellulose, peptides, and protein assemblies) and in vivo (e.g., cellular lipid membrane, packed DNA in bacteria, and aligned fibroblasts). Given the ability to undergo phase transition in response to various stimuli, numerous practices are exercised to spatially arrange biological liquid crystals. Here, a fundamental understanding of interactions between rod-shaped biological building blocks and their orientational ordering across multiple length scales is addressed. Discussions are made with regard to the dependence of physical properties of nonmotile objects on the first-order phase transition and the coexistence of multi-phases in passive liquid crystalline systems. This work also focuses on how the applied physical stimuli drives the reorganization of constituent passive particles for a new steady-state alignment. A number of recent progresses in the dynamics behaviors of active liquid crystals are presented, and particular attention is given to those self-propelled animate elements, like the formation of motile topological defects, active turbulence, correlation of orientational ordering, and cellular functions. Finally, future implications and potential applications of the biological liquid crystalline materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhao
- Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou, 362200, China
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Utku Gulan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takafumi Horie
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohmura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Han
- Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou, 362200, China
| | - Chao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Steven Wang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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Koyama H, Shi D, Fujimori T. Biophysics in oviduct: Planar cell polarity, cilia, epithelial fold and tube morphogenesis, egg dynamics. Biophys Physicobiol 2019; 16:89-107. [PMID: 30923666 PMCID: PMC6435019 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.16.0_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs and tissues in multi-cellular organisms exhibit various morphologies. Tubular organs have multi-scale morphological features which are closely related to their functions. Here we discuss morphogenesis and the mechanical functions of the vertebrate oviduct in the female reproductive tract, also known as the fallopian tube. The oviduct functions to convey eggs from the ovary to the uterus. In the luminal side of the oviduct, the epithelium forms multiple folds (or ridges) well-aligned along the longitudinal direction of the tube. In the epithelial cells, cilia are formed orienting toward the downstream of the oviduct. The cilia and the folds are supposed to be involved in egg transportation. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is developed in the epithelium, and the disruption of the Celsr1 gene, a PCP related-gene, causes randomization of both cilia and fold orientations, discontinuity of the tube, inefficient egg transportation, and infertility. In this review article, we briefly introduce various biophysical and biomechanical issues in the oviduct, including physical mechanisms of formation of PCP and organized cilia orientation, epithelial cell shape regulation, fold pattern formation generated by mechanical buckling, tubulogenesis, and egg transportation regulated by fluid flow. We also mention about possible roles of the oviducts in egg shape formation and embryogenesis, sinuous patterns of tubes, and fold and tube patterns observed in other tubular organs such as the gut, airways, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koyama
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Dongbo Shi
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Martella D, Pattelli L, Matassini C, Ridi F, Bonini M, Paoli P, Baglioni P, Wiersma DS, Parmeggiani C. Liquid Crystal-Induced Myoblast Alignment. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801489. [PMID: 30605262 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control cell alignment represents a fundamental requirement toward the production of tissue in vitro but also to create biohybrid materials presenting the functional properties of human organs. However, cell cultures on standard commercial supports do not provide a selective control on the cell organization morphology, and different techniques, such as the use of patterned or stimulated substrates, are developed to induce cellular alignment. In this work, a new approach toward in vitro muscular tissue morphogenesis is presented exploiting liquid crystalline networks. By using smooth polymeric films with planar homogeneous alignment, a certain degree of cellular order is observed in myoblast cultures with direction of higher cell alignment corresponding to the nematic director. The molecular organization inside the polymer determines such effects since no cell organization is observed using homeotropic or isotropic samples. These findings represent the first example of cellular alignment induced by the interaction with a nematic polymeric scaffold, setting the stage for new applications of liquid crystal polymers as active matter to control tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Martella
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- National Institute of Optics; National Research Council; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pattelli
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Florence; Via Sansone, 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRiM; Strada delle Cacce, 91 10135 Turin Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- National Institute of Optics; National Research Council; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- CSGI; Center for Colloids and Interface Science; via della Lastruccia, 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- CSGI; Center for Colloids and Interface Science; via della Lastruccia, 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biochemical; Experimental and Clinical “Mario Serio”; Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- CSGI; Center for Colloids and Interface Science; via della Lastruccia, 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Diederik S. Wiersma
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Florence; Via Sansone, 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRiM; Strada delle Cacce, 91 10135 Turin Italy
| | - Camilla Parmeggiani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- National Institute of Optics; National Research Council; via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRiM; Strada delle Cacce, 91 10135 Turin Italy
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Saw TB, Xi W, Ladoux B, Lim CT. Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802579. [PMID: 30156334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Live tissues can self-organize and be described as active materials composed of cells that generate active stresses through continuous injection of energy. In vitro reconstituted molecular networks, as well as single-cell cytoskeletons show that their filamentous structures can portray nematic liquid crystalline properties and can promote nonequilibrium processes induced by active processes at the microscale. The appearance of collective patterns, the formation of topological singularities, and spontaneous phase transition within the cell cytoskeleton are emergent properties that drive cellular functions. More integrated systems such as tissues have cells that can be seen as coarse-grained active nematic particles and their interaction can dictate many important tissue processes such as epithelial cell extrusion and migration as observed in vitro and in vivo. Here, a brief introduction to the concept of active nematics is provided, and the main focus is on the use of this framework in the systematic study of predominantly 2D tissue architectures and dynamics in vitro. In addition how the nematic state is important in tissue behavior, such as epithelial expansion, tissue homeostasis, and the atherosclerosis disease state, is discussed. Finally, how the nematic organization of cells can be controlled in vitro for tissue engineering purposes is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Beng Saw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wang Xi
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health, Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, #14-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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