1
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Schmitter C, Di-Luoffo M, Guillermet-Guibert J. Transducing compressive forces into cellular outputs in cancer and beyond. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201862. [PMID: 37364915 PMCID: PMC10292664 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, cells sense mechanical forces (shearing, tensile, and compressive) and respond to those physical cues through a process called mechanotransduction. This process includes the simultaneous activation of biochemical signaling pathways. Recent studies mostly on human cells revealed that compressive forces selectively modulate a wide range of cell behavior, both in compressed and in neighboring less compressed cells. Besides participating in tissue homeostasis such as bone healing, compression is also involved in pathologies, including intervertebral disc degeneration or solid cancers. In this review, we will summarize the current scattered knowledge of compression-induced cell signaling pathways and their subsequent cellular outputs, both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Schmitter
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Labex Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Master de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mickaël Di-Luoffo
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Labex Toucan, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Labex Toucan, Toulouse, France
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2
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Municio-Diaz C, Muller E, Drevensek S, Fruleux A, Lorenzetti E, Boudaoud A, Minc N. Mechanobiology of the cell wall – insights from tip-growing plant and fungal cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:280540. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The cell wall (CW) is a thin and rigid layer encasing the membrane of all plant and fungal cells. It ensures mechanical integrity by bearing mechanical stresses derived from large cytoplasmic turgor pressure, contacts with growing neighbors or growth within restricted spaces. The CW is made of polysaccharides and proteins, but is dynamic in nature, changing composition and geometry during growth, reproduction or infection. Such continuous and often rapid remodeling entails risks of enhanced stress and consequent damages or fractures, raising the question of how the CW detects and measures surface mechanical stress and how it strengthens to ensure surface integrity? Although early studies in model fungal and plant cells have identified homeostatic pathways required for CW integrity, recent methodologies are now allowing the measurement of pressure and local mechanical properties of CWs in live cells, as well as addressing how forces and stresses can be detected at the CW surface, fostering the emergence of the field of CW mechanobiology. Here, using tip-growing cells of plants and fungi as case study models, we review recent progress on CW mechanosensation and mechanical regulation, and their implications for the control of cell growth, morphogenesis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Municio-Diaz
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod 1 , F-75006 Paris , France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer 2 , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Elise Muller
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 3 , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex , France
| | - Stéphanie Drevensek
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 3 , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex , France
| | - Antoine Fruleux
- LPTMS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 4 , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Enrico Lorenzetti
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 3 , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex , France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 3 , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex , France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod 1 , F-75006 Paris , France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer 2 , 75013 Paris , France
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3
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Alric B, Formosa-Dague C, Dague E, Holt LJ, Delarue M. Macromolecular crowding limits growth under pressure. NATURE PHYSICS 2022; 18:411-416. [PMID: 37152719 PMCID: PMC10162713 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells that grow in confined spaces eventually build up mechanical compressive stress. This growth-induced pressure (GIP) decreases cell growth. GIP is important in a multitude of contexts from cancer, to microbial infections, to biofouling, yet our understanding of its origin and molecular consequences remains limited. Here, we combine microfluidic confinement of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with rheological measurements using genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs) to reveal that growth-induced pressure is accompanied with an increase in a key cellular physical property: macromolecular crowding. We develop a fully calibrated model that predicts how increased macromolecular crowding hinders protein expression and thus diminishes cell growth. This model is sufficient to explain the coupling of growth rate to pressure without the need for specific molecular sensors or signaling cascades. As molecular crowding is similar across all domains of life, this could be a deeply conserved mechanism of biomechanical feedback that allows environmental sensing originating from the fundamental physical properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Alric
- MILE team, CNRS, UPR8001, LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Etienne Dague
- ELIA team, CNRS, UPR8001, LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Liam J. Holt
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genetics, 435 E 30th Street, New York, NY, United States
- to whom correspondence should be addressed: ;
| | - Morgan Delarue
- MILE team, CNRS, UPR8001, LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- to whom correspondence should be addressed: ;
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4
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Abstract
Fungi exhibit an enormous variety of morphologies, including yeast colonies, hyphal mycelia, and elaborate fruiting bodies. This diversity arises through a combination of polar growth, cell division, and cell fusion. Because fungal cells are nonmotile and surrounded by a protective cell wall that is essential for cell integrity, potential fusion partners must grow toward each other until they touch and then degrade the intervening cell walls without impacting cell integrity. Here, we review recent progress on understanding how fungi overcome these challenges. Extracellular chemoattractants, including small peptide pheromones, mediate communication between potential fusion partners, promoting the local activation of core cell polarity regulators to orient polar growth and cell wall degradation. However, in crowded environments, pheromone gradients can be complex and potentially confusing, raising the question of how cells can effectively find their partners. Recent findings suggest that the cell polarity circuit exhibits searching behavior that can respond to pheromone cues through a remarkably flexible and effective strategy called exploratory polarization.
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5
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Cells under pressure: how yeast cells respond to mechanical forces. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:495-510. [PMID: 35000797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In their natural habitats, unicellular fungal microbes are exposed to a myriad of mechanical cues such as shear forces from fluid flow, osmotic changes, and contact forces arising from microbial expansion in confined niches. While the rigidity of the cell wall is critical to withstand such external forces and balance high internal turgor pressure, it poses mechanical challenges during physiological processes such as cell growth, division, and mating that require cell wall remodeling. Thus, even organisms as simple as yeast have evolved complex signaling networks to sense and respond to intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical forces. In this review, we summarize the type and origin of mechanical forces experienced by unicellular yeast and discuss how these forces reorganize cell polarity and how pathogenic fungi exploit polarized assemblies to track weak spots in host tissues for successful penetration. We then describe mechanisms of force-sensing by conserved sets of mechanosensors. Finally, we elaborate downstream mechanotransduction mechanisms that orchestrate appropriate cellular responses, leading to improved mechanical fitness.
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6
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Vajrala VS, Alric B, Laborde A, Colin C, Suraniti E, Temple-Boyer P, Arbault S, Delarue M, Launay J. Microwell Array Based Opto-Electrochemical Detections Revealing Co-Adaptation of Rheological Properties and Oxygen Metabolism in Budding Yeast. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100484. [PMID: 33969641 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microdevices composed of microwell arrays integrating nanoelectrodes (OptoElecWell) are developed to achieve dual high-resolution optical and electrochemical detections on single Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Each array consists of 1.6 × 105 microwells measuring 8 µm in diameter and 5 µm height, with a platinum nanoring electrode for in situ electrochemistry, all integrated on a transparent thin wafer for further high-resolution live-cell imaging. After optimizing the filling rate, 32% of cells are effectively trapped within microwells. This allows to analyse S. cerevisiae metabolism associated with basal respiration while simultaneously measuring optically other cellular parameters. In this study, the impact of glucose concentration on respiration and intracellular rheology is focused. It is found that while the oxygen uptake rate decreases with increasing glucose concentration, diffusion of tracer nanoparticles increases. The OptoElecWell-based respiration methodology provides similar results compared to the commercial gold-standard Seahorse XF analyzer, while using 20 times fewer biological samples, paving the way to achieve single cell metabolomics. In addition, it facilitates an optical route to monitor the contents within single cells. The proposed device, in combination with the dual detection analysis, opens up new avenues for measuring cellular metabolism, and relating it to cellular physiological indicators at single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Alric
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, F-31400, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
| | - Adrian Laborde
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, F-31400, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
| | - Camille Colin
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, INP Bordeaux, Pessac, 33607, France
| | - Emmanuel Suraniti
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, INP Bordeaux, Pessac, 33607, France
| | | | - Stephane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, INP Bordeaux, Pessac, 33607, France
| | - Morgan Delarue
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, F-31400, France
| | - Jérôme Launay
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, F-31400, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
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7
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Durán DC, Hernández CA, Suesca E, Acevedo R, Acosta IM, Forero DA, Rozo FE, Pedraza JM. Slipstreaming Mother Machine: A Microfluidic Device for Single-Cell Dynamic Imaging of Yeast. MICROMACHINES 2020; 12:mi12010004. [PMID: 33374994 PMCID: PMC7822021 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most basic model organisms for studies of aging and other phenomena such as division strategies. These organisms have been typically studied with the use of microfluidic devices to keep cells trapped while under a flow of fresh media. However, all of the existing devices trap cells mechanically, subjecting them to pressures that may affect cell physiology. There is evidence mechanical pressure affects growth rate and the movement of intracellular components, so it is quite possible that it affects other physiological aspects such as aging. To allow studies with the lowest influence of mechanical pressure, we designed and fabricated a device that takes advantage of the slipstreaming effect. In slipstreaming, moving fluids that encounter a barrier flow around it forming a pressure gradient behind it. We trap mother cells in this region and force daughter cells to be in the negative pressure gradient region so that they are taken away by the flow. Additionally, this device can be fabricated using low resolution lithography techniques, which makes it less expensive than devices that require photolithography masks with resolution under 5 µm. With this device, it is possible to measure some of the most interesting aspects of yeast dynamics such as growth rates and Replicative Life Span. This device should allow future studies to eliminate pressure bias as well as extending the range of labs that can do these types of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Durán
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.D.); (J.M.P.); Tel.: +57-1-3394949 (ext. 5179 (COL)) (J.M.P.)
| | - César A. Hernández
- Centro de Microelectrónica, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad de los Andes CMUA, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Elizabeth Suesca
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
| | - Rubén Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
| | - Ivón M. Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
- Proyecto Curricular Licenciatura en Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Educación, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Diana A. Forero
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
- Proyecto Curricular Licenciatura en Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Educación, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Francisco E. Rozo
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
- Proyecto Curricular Licenciatura en Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Educación, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Juan M. Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (E.S.); (R.A.); (I.M.A.); (D.A.F.); (F.E.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.D.); (J.M.P.); Tel.: +57-1-3394949 (ext. 5179 (COL)) (J.M.P.)
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8
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Rizzuti IF, Mascheroni P, Arcucci S, Ben-Mériem Z, Prunet A, Barentin C, Rivière C, Delanoë-Ayari H, Hatzikirou H, Guillermet-Guibert J, Delarue M. Mechanical Control of Cell Proliferation Increases Resistance to Chemotherapeutic Agents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:128103. [PMID: 33016731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.128103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While many cellular mechanisms leading to chemotherapeutic resistance have been identified, there is an increasing realization that tumor-stroma interactions also play an important role. In particular, mechanical alterations are inherent to solid cancer progression and profoundly impact cell physiology. Here, we explore the influence of compressive stress on the efficacy of chemotherapeutics in pancreatic cancer spheroids. We find that increased compressive stress leads to decreased drug efficacy. Theoretical modeling and experiments suggest that mechanical stress decreases cell proliferation which in turn reduces the efficacy of chemotherapeutics that target proliferating cells. Our work highlights a mechanical form of drug resistance and suggests new strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Francesca Rizzuti
- CNRS, UPR8001, LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Computer Science and Technology, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Mascheroni
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silvia Arcucci
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Universite Paul Sabatier, F-31037 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence TouCAN, F-31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Zacchari Ben-Mériem
- CNRS, UPR8001, LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Prunet
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Barentin
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Charlotte Rivière
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Universite Paul Sabatier, F-31037 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence TouCAN, F-31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Morgan Delarue
- CNRS, UPR8001, LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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9
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Puerner C, Kukhaleishvili N, Thomson D, Schaub S, Noblin X, Seminara A, Bassilana M, Arkowitz RA. Mechanical force-induced morphology changes in a human fungal pathogen. BMC Biol 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 32912212 PMCID: PMC7488538 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The initial step of a number of human or plant fungal infections requires active penetration of host tissue. For example, active penetration of intestinal epithelia by Candida albicans is critical for dissemination from the gut into the bloodstream. However, little is known about how this fungal pathogen copes with resistive forces upon host cell invasion. Results In the present study, we have used PDMS micro-fabrication to probe the ability of filamentous C. albicans cells to penetrate and grow invasively in substrates of different stiffness. We show that there is a threshold for penetration that corresponds to a stiffness of ~ 200 kPa and that invasive growth within a stiff substrate is characterized by dramatic filament buckling, along with a stiffness-dependent decrease in extension rate. We observed a striking alteration in cell morphology, i.e., reduced cell compartment length and increased diameter during invasive growth, that is not due to depolarization of active Cdc42, but rather occurs at a substantial distance from the site of growth as a result of mechanical compression. Conclusions Our data reveal that in response to this compression, active Cdc42 levels are increased at the apex, whereas active Rho1 becomes depolarized, similar to that observed in membrane protrusions. Our results show that cell growth and morphology are altered during invasive growth, suggesting stiffness dictates the host cells that C. albicans can penetrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Puerner
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nino Kukhaleishvili
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Ave. J. Vallot, Nice, France
| | - Darren Thomson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France.,Present Address: Manchester Fungal Infection Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastien Schaub
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France.,Present Address: Sorbonne University, CNRS, Developmental Biology Laboratory (LBDV), Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Xavier Noblin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Ave. J. Vallot, Nice, France.
| | - Agnese Seminara
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Ave. J. Vallot, Nice, France
| | - Martine Bassilana
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Robert A Arkowitz
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France.
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10
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Van Drogen F, Dard N, Pelet S, Lee SS, Mishra R, Srejić N, Peter M. Crosstalk and spatiotemporal regulation between stress-induced MAP kinase pathways and pheromone signaling in budding yeast. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1707-1715. [PMID: 32552303 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1779469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used as a model system to study cellular signaling in response to internal and external cues. Yeast was among the first organisms in which the architecture, feedback mechanisms and physiological responses of various MAP kinase signaling cascades were studied in detail. Although these MAP kinase pathways are activated by different signals and elicit diverse cellular responses, such as adaptation to stress and mating, they function as an interconnected signaling network, as they influence each other and, in some cases, even share components. Indeed, various stress signaling pathways interfere with pheromone signaling that triggers a distinct cellular differentiation program. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this crosstalk are still poorly understood. Here, we review the general topology of the yeast MAP kinase signaling network and highlight recent and new data revealing how conflicting intrinsic and extrinsic signals are interpreted to orchestrate appropriate cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dard
- Ufr Smbh, University Sorbonne Paris Nord , Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Pelet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biochemistry , Zürich, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM) , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ranjan Mishra
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biochemistry , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nevena Srejić
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biochemistry , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peter
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biochemistry , Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Jiménez-Gutiérrez E, Alegría-Carrasco E, Sellers-Moya Á, Molina M, Martín H. Not just the wall: the other ways to turn the yeast CWI pathway on. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:107-119. [PMID: 31342212 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway took this name when its role in the cell response to cell wall aggressions was clearly established. The receptors involved in sensing the damage, the relevant components operating in signaling to the MAPK Slt2, the transcription factors activated by this MAPK, as well as some key regulatory mechanisms have been identified and characterized along almost 30 years. However, other stimuli that do not alter specifically the yeast cell wall, including protein unfolding, low or high pH, or plasma membrane, oxidative and genotoxic stresses, have been also found to trigger the activation of this pathway. In this review, we compile almost forty non-cell wall-specific compounds or conditions, such as tunicamycin, hypo-osmotic shock, diamide, hydroxyurea, arsenate, and rapamycin, which induce these stresses. Relevant aspects of the CWI-mediated signaling in the response to these non-conventional pathway activators are discussed. The data presented here highlight the central and key position of the CWI pathway in the safeguard of yeast cells to a wide variety of external aggressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (IRICIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Alegría-Carrasco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (IRICIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Sellers-Moya
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (IRICIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (IRICIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Humberto Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (IRICIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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van Drogen F, Mishra R, Rudolf F, Walczak MJ, Lee SS, Reiter W, Hegemann B, Pelet S, Dohnal I, Binolfi A, Yudina Z, Selenko P, Wider G, Ammerer G, Peter M. Mechanical stress impairs pheromone signaling via Pkc1-mediated regulation of the MAPK scaffold Ste5. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3117-3133. [PMID: 31315942 PMCID: PMC6719448 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows that Pkc1 inhibits yeast pheromone signaling upon intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical stress. Pkc1 phosphorylates the RING-H2 domains of the scaffolds Ste5 and Far1, thereby preventing their interaction with Gβγ at the plasma membrane. This crosstalk mechanism regulates polarized growth and cell–cell fusion during mating. Cells continuously adapt cellular processes by integrating external and internal signals. In yeast, multiple stress signals regulate pheromone signaling to prevent mating under unfavorable conditions. However, the underlying crosstalk mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that mechanical stress activates Pkc1, which prevents lysis of pheromone-treated cells by inhibiting polarized growth. In vitro Pkc1 phosphorylates conserved residues within the RING-H2 domains of the scaffold proteins Far1 and Ste5, which are also phosphorylated in vivo. Interestingly, Pkc1 triggers dispersal of Ste5 from mating projections upon mechanically induced stress and during cell–cell fusion, leading to inhibition of the MAPK Fus3. Indeed, RING phosphorylation interferes with Ste5 membrane association by preventing binding to the receptor-linked Gβγ protein. Cells expressing nonphosphorylatable Ste5 undergo increased lysis upon mechanical stress and exhibit defects in cell–cell fusion during mating, which is exacerbated by simultaneous expression of nonphosphorylatable Far1. These results uncover a mechanical stress–triggered crosstalk mechanism modulating pheromone signaling, polarized growth, and cell–cell fusion during mating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjan Mishra
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Rudolf
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michal J Walczak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Björn Hegemann
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Serge Pelet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilse Dohnal
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andres Binolfi
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zinaida Yudina
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wider
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Peter
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Gniewek P, Schreck CF, Hallatschek O. Biomechanical Feedback Strengthens Jammed Cellular Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:208102. [PMID: 31172757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.208102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth in confined spaces can drive cellular populations through a jamming transition from a fluidlike state to a solidlike state. Experiments have found that jammed budding yeast populations can build up extreme compressive pressures (over 1 MPa), which in turn feed back onto cellular physiology by slowing or even stalling cell growth. Using numerical simulations, we investigate how this feedback impacts the mechanical properties of model jammed cell populations. We find that feedback directs growth toward poorly coordinated regions, resulting in an excess number of cell-cell contacts that rigidify cell packings. Cell packings possess anomalously large shear and bulk moduli that depend sensitively on the strength of feedback. These results demonstrate that mechanical feedback on the single-cell level is a simple mechanism by which living systems may tune their population-level mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Gniewek
- Departments of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Carl F Schreck
- Departments of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Oskar Hallatschek
- Departments of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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14
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Pfeifer CR, Xia Y, Zhu K, Liu D, Irianto J, García VMM, Millán LMS, Niese B, Harding S, Deviri D, Greenberg RA, Discher DE. Constricted migration increases DNA damage and independently represses cell cycle. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1948-1962. [PMID: 29742017 PMCID: PMC6232975 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration through dense tissues or small capillaries can elongate the nucleus and even damage it, and any impact on cell cycle has the potential to affect various processes including carcinogenesis. Here, nuclear rupture and DNA damage increase with constricted migration in different phases of cell cycle-which we show is partially repressed. We study several cancer lines that are contact inhibited or not and that exhibit diverse frequencies of nuclear lamina rupture after migration through small pores. DNA repair factors invariably mislocalize after migration, and an excess of DNA damage is evident as pan--nucleoplasmic foci of phosphoactivated ATM and γH2AX. Foci counts are suppressed in late cell cycle as expected of mitotic checkpoints, and migration of contact-inhibited cells through large pores into sparse microenvironments leads also as expected to cell-cycle reentry and no effect on a basal level of damage foci. Constricting pores delay such reentry while excess foci occur independent of cell-cycle phase. Knockdown of repair factors increases DNA damage independent of cell cycle, consistent with effects of constricted migration. Because such migration causes DNA damage and impedes proliferation, it illustrates a cancer cell fate choice of "go or grow."
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kuangzheng Zhu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dazhen Liu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Brandon Niese
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Shane Harding
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dan Deviri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,*Address correspondence to: Dennis E. Discher ()
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15
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Holt L, Hallatschek O, Delarue M. Mechano-chemostats to study the effects of compressive stress on yeast. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 147:215-231. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Protein kinase C and calcineurin cooperatively mediate cell survival under compressive mechanical stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13471-13476. [PMID: 29196524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709079114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells experience compressive stress while growing in limited space or migrating through narrow constrictions. To survive such stress, cells reprogram their intracellular organization to acquire appropriate mechanical properties. However, the mechanosensors and downstream signaling networks mediating these changes remain largely unknown. Here, we have established a microfluidic platform to specifically trigger compressive stress, and to quantitatively monitor single-cell responses of budding yeast in situ. We found that yeast senses compressive stress via the cell surface protein Mid2 and the calcium channel proteins Mid1 and Cch1, which then activate the Pkc1/Mpk1 MAP kinase pathway and calcium signaling, respectively. Genetic analysis revealed that these pathways work in parallel to mediate cell survival. Mid2 contains a short intracellular tail and a serine-threonine-rich extracellular domain with spring-like properties, and both domains are required for mechanosignaling. Mid2-dependent spatial activation of the Pkc1/Mpk1 pathway depolarizes the actin cytoskeleton in budding or shmooing cells, thereby antagonizing polarized growth to protect cells under compressive stress conditions. Together, these results identify a conserved signaling network responding to compressive mechanical stress, which, in higher eukaryotes, may ensure cell survival in confined environments.
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