1
|
Wei H, Wu JQ. Glial progenitor heterogeneity and plasticity in the adult spinal cord. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2567-2568. [PMID: 38808984 PMCID: PMC11168497 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malagola E, Vasciaveo A, Ochiai Y, Kim W, Zheng B, Zanella L, Wang ALE, Middelhoff M, Nienhüser H, Deng L, Wu F, Waterbury QT, Belin B, LaBella J, Zamechek LB, Wong MH, Li L, Guha C, Cheng CW, Yan KS, Califano A, Wang TC. Isthmus progenitor cells contribute to homeostatic cellular turnover and support regeneration following intestinal injury. Cell 2024; 187:3056-3071.e17. [PMID: 38848678 PMCID: PMC11164536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The currently accepted intestinal epithelial cell organization model proposes that Lgr5+ crypt-base columnar (CBC) cells represent the sole intestinal stem cell (ISC) compartment. However, previous studies have indicated that Lgr5+ cells are dispensable for intestinal regeneration, leading to two major hypotheses: one favoring the presence of a quiescent reserve ISC and the other calling for differentiated cell plasticity. To investigate these possibilities, we studied crypt epithelial cells in an unbiased fashion via high-resolution single-cell profiling. These studies, combined with in vivo lineage tracing, show that Lgr5 is not a specific ISC marker and that stemness potential exists beyond the crypt base and resides in the isthmus region, where undifferentiated cells participate in intestinal homeostasis and regeneration following irradiation (IR) injury. Our results provide an alternative model of intestinal epithelial cell organization, suggesting that stemness potential is not restricted to CBC cells, and neither de-differentiation nor reserve ISC are drivers of intestinal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Yosuke Ochiai
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Woosook Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Biyun Zheng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Luca Zanella
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander L E Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Nienhüser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lu Deng
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66107, USA
| | - Feijing Wu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Quin T Waterbury
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bryana Belin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan LaBella
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leah B Zamechek
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa H Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L215, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66107, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelley S Yan
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub NY, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grommisch D, Wang M, Eenjes E, Svetličič M, Deng Q, Giselsson P, Genander M. Defining the contribution of Troy-positive progenitor cells to the mouse esophageal epithelium. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1269-1283.e6. [PMID: 38565145 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Progenitor cells adapt their behavior in response to tissue demands. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling esophageal progenitor decisions remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a Troy (Tnfrsf19)-expressing progenitor subpopulation localized to defined regions along the mouse esophageal axis. Lineage tracing and mathematical modeling demonstrate that Troy-positive progenitor cells are prone to undergoing symmetrical fate choices and contribute to esophageal tissue homeostasis long term. Functionally, TROY inhibits progenitor proliferation and enables commitment to differentiation without affecting fate symmetry. Whereas Troy expression is stable during esophageal homeostasis, progenitor cells downregulate Troy in response to tissue stress, enabling proliferative expansion of basal cells refractory to differentiation and reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. Our results demonstrate functional, spatially restricted progenitor heterogeneity in the esophageal epithelium and identify how dynamic regulation of Troy coordinates tissue generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Grommisch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maja Svetličič
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Genander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng H, Huan Y, Zhang K, Yi X, Meng X, Kang E, Wu S, Deng W, Wang Y. Quiescent Adult Neural Stem Cells: Developmental Origin and Regulatory Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01206-1. [PMID: 38656419 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian nervous system, although small in number and restricted to the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the olfactory epithelium, is a gift of evolution for the adaptive brain function which requires persistent plastic changes of these regions. It is known that most adult NSCs are latent, showing long cell cycles. In the past decade, the concept of quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) has been widely accepted by researchers in the field, and great progress has been made in the biology of qNSCs. Although the spontaneous neuronal regeneration derived from adult NSCs is not significant, understanding how the behaviors of qNSCs are regulated sheds light on stimulating endogenous NSC-based neuronal regeneration. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress of the developmental origin and regulatory mechanisms that maintain qNSCs under normal conditions, and that mobilize qNSCs under pathological conditions, hoping to give some insights for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xuyang Yi
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- School of Life Science and Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Enming Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Wenbing Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510631, China.
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baig S, Nadaf J, Allache R, Le PU, Luo M, Djedid A, Nkili-Meyong A, Safisamghabadi M, Prat A, Antel J, Guiot MC, Petrecca K. Identity and nature of neural stem cells in the adult human subventricular zone. iScience 2024; 27:109342. [PMID: 38495819 PMCID: PMC10940989 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult human brain neurogenic regions remains unresolved. To address this, we created a cell atlas of the adult human subventricular zone (SVZ) derived from fresh neurosurgical samples using single-cell transcriptomics. We discovered 2 adult radial glia (RG)-like populations, aRG1 and aRG2. aRG1 shared features with fetal early RG (eRG) and aRG2 were transcriptomically similar to fetal outer RG (oRG). We also captured early neuronal and oligodendrocytic NSC states. We found that the biological programs driven by their transcriptomes support their roles as early lineage NSCs. Finally, we show that these NSCs have the potential to transition between states and along lineage trajectories. These data reveal that multipotent NSCs reside in the adult human SVZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Baig
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Redouane Allache
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Phuong U. Le
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Annisa Djedid
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Andriniaina Nkili-Meyong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Maryam Safisamghabadi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Alex Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Department of Neuropathology, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal QC H3A2B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Z, Qin Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu S, Li X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ruan H, He W, Zhang T, Yan X, Wang C, Xu D, Jiang X. Deubiquitinase Mysm1 regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation by controlling Id4 expression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:129. [PMID: 38342917 PMCID: PMC10859383 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are critical for brain development and maintenance of neurogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC proliferation and differentiation remain unclear. Mysm1 is a deubiquitinase and is essential for the self-renewal and differentiation of several stem cells. It is unknown whether Mysm1 plays an important role in NSCs. Here, we found that Mysm1 was expressed in NSCs and its expression was increased with age in mice. Mice with Mysm1 knockdown by crossing Mysm1 floxed mice with Nestin-Cre mice exhibited abnormal brain development with microcephaly. Mysm1 deletion promoted NSC proliferation and apoptosis, resulting in depletion of the stem cell pool. In addition, Mysm1-deficient NSCs skewed toward neurogenesis instead of astrogliogenesis. Mechanistic investigations with RNA sequencing and genome-wide CUT&Tag analysis revealed that Mysm1 epigenetically regulated Id4 transcription by regulating histone modification at the promoter region. After rescuing the expression of Id4, the hyperproliferation and imbalance differentiation of Mysm1-deficient NSCs was reversed. Additionally, knockdown Mysm1 in aged mice could promote NSC proliferation. Collectively, the present study identified a new factor Mysm1 which is essential for NSC homeostasis and Mysm1-Id4 axis may be an ideal target for proper NSC proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qiaozhen Qin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huaqiang Ruan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenyan He
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinlong Yan
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Donggang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Liu Z, Han X, Liang F, Zhang Q, Huang X, Shi X, Huo H, Han M, Liu X, Zhu H, He L, Shen L, Hu X, Wang J, Wang QD, Smart N, Zhou B, He B. Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Generation and Turnover in Arteries During Homeostasis and Diseases. Circulation 2024; 149:135-154. [PMID: 38084582 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) generation and turnover by self-proliferation contributes to vascular repair and regeneration. The ability to accurately measure the dynamics of EC generation would advance our understanding of cellular mechanisms of vascular homeostasis and diseases. However, it is currently challenging to evaluate the dynamics of EC generation in large vessels such as arteries because of their infrequent proliferation. METHODS By using dual recombination systems based on Cre-loxP and Dre-rox, we developed a genetic system for temporally seamless recording of EC proliferation in vivo. We combined genetic recording of EC proliferation with single-cell RNA sequencing and gene knockout to uncover cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EC generation in arteries during homeostasis and disease. RESULTS Genetic proliferation tracing reveals that ≈3% of aortic ECs undergo proliferation per month in adult mice during homeostasis. The orientation of aortic EC division is generally parallel to blood flow in the aorta, which is regulated by the mechanosensing protein Piezo1. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals 4 heterogeneous aortic EC subpopulations with distinct proliferative activity. EC cluster 1 exhibits transit-amplifying cell features with preferential proliferative capacity and enriched expression of stem cell markers such as Sca1 and Sox18. EC proliferation increases in hypertension but decreases in type 2 diabetes, coinciding with changes in the extent of EC cluster 1 proliferation. Combined gene knockout and proliferation tracing reveals that Hippo/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathways regulate EC proliferation in large vessels. CONCLUSIONS Genetic proliferation tracing quantitatively delineates the dynamics of EC generation and turnover, as well as EC division orientation, in large vessels during homeostasis and disease. An EC subpopulation in the aorta exhibits more robust cell proliferation during homeostasis and type 2 diabetes, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for vascular repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Zixin Liu
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Ximeng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (Q.Z., M.H., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Huanhuan Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Maoying Han
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (Q.Z., M.H., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Huan Zhu
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Lingjuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (L.H.)
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.H., J.W.)
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.H., J.W.)
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (Q.D.W.)
| | - Nicola Smart
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK (N.S.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (Q.Z., M.H., B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Guo H, Carey M, Huang C. Transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation impairs generation of proliferative neural stem and progenitor cells during brain aging. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:62-79. [PMID: 38177329 PMCID: PMC10947366 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The decline in stem cell function during aging may affect the regenerative capacity of mammalian organisms; however, the gene regulatory mechanism underlying this decline remains unclear. Here we show that the aging of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the male mouse brain is characterized by a decrease in the generation efficacy of proliferative NSPCs rather than the changes in lineage specificity of NSPCs. We reveal that the downregulation of age-dependent genes in NSPCs drives cell aging by decreasing the population of actively proliferating NSPCs while increasing the expression of quiescence markers. We found that epigenetic deregulation of the MLL complex at promoters leads to transcriptional inactivation of age-dependent genes, highlighting the importance of the dynamic interaction between histone modifiers and gene regulatory elements in regulating transcriptional program of aging cells. Our study sheds light on the key intrinsic mechanisms driving stem cell aging through epigenetic regulators and identifies potential rejuvenation targets that could restore the function of aging stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Li
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongzhi Guo
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Michael Carey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Chengyang Huang
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Riley VA, Shankar V, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Neckles VN, Williams K, Lyman R, Mackay TF, Feliciano DM. Tsc2 coordinates neuroprogenitor differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108442. [PMID: 38107199 PMCID: PMC10724693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate numerous cell types. The uncoupling of mRNA transcript availability and translation occurs during the progression from stem to differentiated states. The mTORC1 kinase pathway acutely controls proteins that regulate mRNA translation. Inhibiting mTORC1 during differentiation is hypothesized to be critical for brain development since somatic mutations of mTORC1 regulators perturb brain architecture. Inactivating mutations of TSC1 or TSC2 genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC patients have growths near the striatum and ventricles. Here, it is demonstrated that V-SVZ NSC Tsc2 inactivation causes striatal hamartomas. Tsc2 removal altered translation factors, translatomes, and translational efficiency. Single nuclei RNA sequencing following in vivo loss of Tsc2 revealed changes in NSC activation states. The inability to decouple mRNA transcript availability and translation delayed differentiation leading to the retention of immature phenotypes in hamartomas. Taken together, Tsc2 is required for translational repression and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Riley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Aidan M. Sokolov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Williams
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility (CUGBF), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Lyman
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Trudy F.C. Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - David M. Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh S, Lian Q, Budiman T, Taketo MM, Simons BD, Gupta V. Heterogeneous murine peribiliary glands orchestrate compartmentalized epithelial renewal. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2732-2745.e5. [PMID: 37909044 PMCID: PMC10842076 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The extrahepatic branches of the biliary tree have glands that connect to the surface epithelium through narrow pits. The duct epithelia undergo homeostatic renewal, yet the identity and multiplicity of cells that maintain this tissue is unknown. Using marker-free and targeted clonal fate mapping in mice, we provide evidence that the extrahepatic bile duct is compartmentalized. Pit cholangiocytes of extramural glands renewed the surface epithelium, whereas basally oriented cholangiocytes maintained the gland itself. In contrast, basally positioned cholangiocytes replenished the surface epithelium in mural glands. Single-cell sequencing identified genes enriched in the base and surface epithelial populations, with trajectory analysis showing graded gene expression between these compartments. Epithelia were plastic, changing cellular identity upon fasting and refeeding. Gain of canonical Wnt signaling caused basal cell expansion, gastric chief cell marker expression, and a decrease in surface epithelial markers. Our results identify the cellular hierarchy governing extrahepatic biliary epithelial renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serrena Singh
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiuyu Lian
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Tifanny Budiman
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Kyoto University Hospital-iACT (Colon Cancer Project), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Z, Zhang M, Lee J, Sziraki A, Anderson S, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Jiang W, Ge S, Nelson PT, Zhou W, Cao J. Tracking cell-type-specific temporal dynamics in human and mouse brains. Cell 2023; 186:4345-4364.e24. [PMID: 37774676 PMCID: PMC10545416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor cells are critical in preserving organismal homeostasis, yet their diversity and dynamics in the aged brain remain underexplored. We introduced TrackerSci, a single-cell genomic method that combines newborn cell labeling and combinatorial indexing to characterize the transcriptome and chromatin landscape of proliferating progenitor cells in vivo. Using TrackerSci, we investigated the dynamics of newborn cells in mouse brains across various ages and in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Our dataset revealed diverse progenitor cell types in the brain and their epigenetic signatures. We further quantified aging-associated shifts in cell-type-specific proliferation and differentiation and deciphered the associated molecular programs. Extending our study to the progenitor cells in the aged human brain, we identified conserved genetic signatures across species and pinpointed region-specific cellular dynamics, such as the reduced oligodendrogenesis in the cerebellum. We anticipate that TrackerSci will be broadly applicable to unveil cell-type-specific temporal dynamics in diverse systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Lu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andras Sziraki
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonya Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihan Xu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weirong Jiang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mancini L, Guirao B, Ortica S, Labusch M, Cheysson F, Bonnet V, Phan MS, Herbert S, Mahou P, Menant E, Bedu S, Tinevez JY, Baroud C, Beaurepaire E, Bellaiche Y, Bally-Cuif L, Dray N. Apical size and deltaA expression predict adult neural stem cell decisions along lineage progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7519. [PMID: 37656795 PMCID: PMC10854430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain depends on their activation frequency and division mode. Using long-term intravital imaging of NSCs in the zebrafish adult telencephalon, we reveal that apical surface area and expression of the Notch ligand DeltaA predict these NSC decisions. deltaA-negative NSCs constitute a bona fide self-renewing NSC pool and systematically engage in asymmetric divisions generating a self-renewing deltaAneg daughter, which regains the size and behavior of its mother, and a neurogenic deltaApos daughter, eventually engaged in neuronal production following further quiescence-division phases. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations of Notch, DeltaA, and apical size further show that the prediction of activation frequency by apical size and the asymmetric divisions of deltaAneg NSCs are functionally independent of Notch. These results provide dynamic qualitative and quantitative readouts of NSC lineage progression in vivo and support a hierarchical organization of NSCs in differently fated subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mancini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Boris Guirao
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sara Ortica
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Miriam Labusch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Felix Cheysson
- LPSM, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8001, Paris 75005, France
| | - Valentin Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris F-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Minh Son Phan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Herbert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emilie Menant
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sébastien Bedu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, Paris, France
| | - Charles Baroud
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris F-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaiche
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Paris 75005, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Dray
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ugur M, Labios RJ, Fenton C, Knöpper K, Jobin K, Imdahl F, Golda G, Hoh K, Grafen A, Kaisho T, Saliba AE, Grün D, Gasteiger G, Bajénoff M, Kastenmüller W. Lymph node medulla regulates the spatiotemporal unfolding of resident dendritic cell networks. Immunity 2023; 56:1778-1793.e10. [PMID: 37463581 PMCID: PMC10433941 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Unlike macrophage networks composed of long-lived tissue-resident cells within specific niches, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) that generate a 3D network in lymph nodes (LNs) are short lived and continuously replaced by DC precursors (preDCs) from the bone marrow (BM). Here, we examined whether specific anatomical niches exist within which preDCs differentiate toward immature cDCs. In situ photoconversion and Prtn3-based fate-tracking revealed that the LN medullary cords are preferential entry sites for preDCs, serving as specific differentiation niches. Repopulation and fate-tracking approaches demonstrated that the cDC1 network unfolded from the medulla along the vascular tree toward the paracortex. During inflammation, collective maturation and migration of resident cDC1s to the paracortex created discontinuity in the medullary cDC1 network and temporarily impaired responsiveness. The decrease in local cDC1 density resulted in higher Flt3L availability in the medullary niche, which accelerated cDC1 development to restore the network. Thus, the spatiotemporal development of the cDC1 network is locally regulated in dedicated LN niches via sensing of cDC1 densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - R Jacob Labios
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chloe Fenton
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Jobin
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gosia Golda
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hoh
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anika Grafen
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 641-8509 Wakayama, Japan
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scandella V, Petrelli F, Moore DL, Braun SMG, Knobloch M. Neural stem cell metabolism revisited: a critical role for mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:446-461. [PMID: 37380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles that are important for differentiated cells, yet considered less so for stem cells. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondria influence stem cell maintenance and fate decisions, inviting a revised look at this topic. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult brain. We summarize how mitochondria are implicated in fate regulation and how substrate oxidation affects NSC quiescence. We further explore single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for metabolic signatures of adult NSCs, highlight emerging technologies reporting on metabolic signatures, and discuss mitochondrial metabolism in other stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Blasco-Chamarro L, Fariñas I. Fine-tuned rest: unveiling the regulatory landscape of adult quiescent neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00298-1. [PMID: 37437796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell quiescence is an essential mechanism that allows cells to temporarily halt proliferation while preserving the potential to resume it at a later time. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell quiescence are complex and involve the regulation of various signaling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. The importance of unveiling the mechanisms regulating the quiescent state is undeniable, as its long-term maintenance is key to sustain tissue homeostasis throughout life. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the subependymal zone (SEZ) niche of adult mammalian brains mostly as long-lasting quiescent cells, owing to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic cues that actively regulate this state. Differently from other non-proliferative states, quiescence is a reversible and tightly regulated condition that can re-activate to support the formation of new neurons throughout adult lifespan. Decoding its regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis and unveiling how it is modulated in the context of the aged brain or during tumorigenesis, could bring us closer to the development of new potential strategies to intervene in adult neurogenesis with therapeutic purposes. Starting with a general conceptualization of the quiescent state in different stem cell niches, we here review what we have learned about NSC quiescence in the SEZ, encompassing the experimental strategies used for its study, to end up discussing the modulation of quiescence in the context of a physiology or pathological NSC dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blasco-Chamarro
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lampada A, Taylor V. Notch signaling as a master regulator of adult neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179011. [PMID: 37457009 PMCID: PMC10339389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis ceases in most regions of the mammalian brain before or shortly after birth, however, in a few restricted brain regions, the production of new neurons proceeds into adulthood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in these neurogenic zones are integrated into niches that control their activity and fate. Most stem cells in the adult brain are mitotically inactive and these cells can remain quiescent for months or even years. One of the key questions is what are the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC maintenance and differentiation. Notch signaling has been shown to be a critical regulator of stem cell activity and maintenance in many tissues including in the nervous system. In this mini-review we discuss the roles of Notch signaling and the functions of the different Notch receptors and ligands in regulating neurogenesis in the adult murine brain. We review the functions of Notch signaling components in controlling NSC quiescence and entry into cell cycle and neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Zhuang Y, Zhang B, Xu X, Liu B. Application of Lineage Tracing in Central Nervous System Development and Regeneration. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00769-0. [PMID: 37335434 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a complicated neural network. The origin and evolution of functional neurons and glia cells remain unclear, as do the cellular alterations that occur during the course of cerebral disease rehabilitation. Lineage tracing is a valuable method for tracing specific cells and achieving a better understanding of the CNS. Recently, various technological breakthroughs have been made in lineage tracing, such as the application of various combinations of fluorescent reporters and advances in barcode technology. The development of lineage tracing has given us a deeper understanding of the normal physiology of the CNS, especially the pathological processes. In this review, we summarize these advances of lineage tracing and their applications in CNS. We focus on the use of lineage tracing techniques to elucidate the process CNS development and especially the mechanism of injury repair. Deep understanding of the central nervous system will help us to use existing technologies to diagnose and treat diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Nerve Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saygili Demir C, Sabine A, Gong M, Dormond O, Petrova TV. Mechanosensitive mTORC1 signaling maintains lymphatic valves. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207049. [PMID: 37036444 PMCID: PMC10097975 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic maintenance and repair of lymphatic vessels are essential for health. We investigated the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) renewal in adult mesenteric quiescent lymphatic vasculature using label-retention, lineage tracing, and cell ablation strategies. Unlike during development, adult LEC turnover and proliferation was confined to the valve regions of collecting vessels, with valve cells displaying the shortest lifespan. Proliferating valve sinus LECs were the main source for maintenance and repair of lymphatic valves. We identified mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as a mechanoresponsive pathway activated by fluid shear stress in LECs. Depending on the shear stress level, mTORC1 activity drives division of valve cells or dictates their mechanic resilience through increased protein synthesis. Overactivation of lymphatic mTORC1 in vivo promoted supernumerary valve formation. Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of maintenance of healthy lymphatic vascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cansaran Saygili Demir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Sabine
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muyun Gong
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Dormond
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu X, Weng W, He L, Zhou B. Genetic recording of in vivo cell proliferation by ProTracer. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00833-8. [PMID: 37268780 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to experimentally measure cell proliferation is the basis for understanding the sources of cells that drive organ development, tissue regeneration and repair. Recently, we generated a genetic approach to detect cell proliferation: we used genetic lineage-tracing technologies to achieve seamless recording of in vivo cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner. We provide a detailed protocol (generation of mouse lines, characterization of mouse lines, mouse line crossing and cell-proliferation tracing) for using this genetic system to study cell proliferation. This cell-proliferation tracing system, which we term 'ProTracer' (Proliferation Tracer), permits lifelong noninvasive monitoring of cell proliferation of specific cell lineages in live animals. Compared with other short-term strategies that require execution of animals, ProTracer does not require sampling or animal sacrifice for tissue processing. To highlight these features, we used ProTracer to study the proliferation of hepatocytes during liver homeostasis and after tissue injury in mice. We show that the protocol is applicable to study any in vivo cell proliferation, which takes ~9 months to finish from mouse generation to data analysis. This protocol can easily be carried out by researchers skilled in mouse-related experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei H, Wu X, Withrow J, Cuevas-Diaz Duran R, Singh S, Chaboub LS, Rakshit J, Mejia J, Rolfe A, Herrera JJ, Horner PJ, Wu JQ. Glial progenitor heterogeneity and key regulators revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing provide insight to regeneration in spinal cord injury. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112486. [PMID: 37149868 PMCID: PMC10511029 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of astrocytes; however, how diverse constituents of astrocyte-lineage cells are regulated in adult spinal cord after injury and contribute to regeneration remains elusive. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing of GFAP-expressing cells from sub-chronic spinal cord injury models and identify and compare with the subpopulations in acute-stage data. We find subpopulations with distinct functional enrichment and their identities defined by subpopulation-specific transcription factors and regulons. Immunohistochemistry, RNAscope experiments, and quantification by stereology verify the molecular signature, location, and morphology of potential resident neural progenitors or neural stem cells in the adult spinal cord before and after injury and uncover the populations of the intermediate cells enriched in neuronal genes that could potentially transition into other subpopulations. This study has expanded the knowledge of the heterogeneity and cell state transition of glial progenitors in adult spinal cord before and after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wei
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xizi Wu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph Withrow
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Simranjit Singh
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lesley S Chaboub
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jyotirmoy Rakshit
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julio Mejia
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Rolfe
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan J Herrera
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip J Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Danciu DP, Hooli J, Martin-Villalba A, Marciniak-Czochra A. Mathematics of neural stem cells: Linking data and processes. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203849. [PMID: 37179018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are described as a discrete population of cells that stand at the top of a hierarchy of progressively differentiating cells. Through their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate, they regulate the number of end-differentiated cells that contribute to tissue physiology. The question of how discrete, continuous, or reversible the transitions through these hierarchies are and the precise parameters that determine the ultimate performance of stem cells in adulthood are the subject of intense research. In this review, we explain how mathematical modelling has improved the mechanistic understanding of stem cell dynamics in the adult brain. We also discuss how single-cell sequencing has influenced the understanding of cell states or cell types. Finally, we discuss how the combination of single-cell sequencing technologies and mathematical modelling provides a unique opportunity to answer some burning questions in the field of stem cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Patricia Danciu
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Mathematics (IMA), Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jooa Hooli
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Mathematics (IMA), Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Mathematics (IMA), Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li H, Weng W, Zhou B. Perfect duet: Dual recombinases improve genetic resolution. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13446. [PMID: 37060165 PMCID: PMC10212704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a powerful genetic tool, site-specific recombinases (SSRs) have been widely used in genomic manipulation to elucidate cell fate plasticity in vivo, advancing research in stem cell and regeneration medicine. However, the low resolution of conventional single-recombinase-mediated lineage tracing strategies, which rely heavily on the specificity of one marker gene, has led to controversial conclusions in many scientific questions. Therefore, different SSRs systems are combined to improve the accuracy of lineage tracing. Here we review the recent advances in dual-recombinase-mediated genetic approaches, including the development of novel genetic recombination technologies and their applications in cell differentiation, proliferation, and genetic manipulation. In comparison with the single-recombinase system, we also discuss the advantages of dual-genetic strategies in solving scientific issues as well as their technical limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wendong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Murtaj V, Butti E, Martino G, Panina-Bordignon P. Endogenous neural stem cells characterization using omics approaches: Current knowledge in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1125785. [PMID: 37091923 PMCID: PMC10113633 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1125785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), an invaluable source of neuronal and glial progeny, have been widely interrogated in the last twenty years, mainly to understand their therapeutic potential. Most of the studies were performed with cells derived from pluripotent stem cells of either rodents or humans, and have mainly focused on their potential in regenerative medicine. High-throughput omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which exploded in the past decade, represent a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms characterizing the heterogeneity of endogenous NSCs. The transition from bulk studies to single cell approaches brought significant insights by revealing complex system phenotypes, from the molecular to the organism level. Here, we will discuss the current literature that has been greatly enriched in the “omics era”, successfully exploring the nature and function of endogenous NSCs and the process of neurogenesis. Overall, the information obtained from omics studies of endogenous NSCs provides a sharper picture of NSCs function during neurodevelopment in healthy and in perturbed environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Murtaj
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Butti
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Panina-Bordignon
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chiu H, Linsley PS, Ziegler SF. Investigating Thymic Epithelial Cell Diversity Using Systems Biology. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:888-894. [PMID: 36947816 PMCID: PMC10037528 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is an intricate organ consisting of a diverse population of thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Cortical and medullary TECs and their subpopulations have distinct roles in coordinating the development and selection of functionally competent and self-tolerant T cells. Recent advances made in technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing have made it possible to investigate and resolve the heterogeneity in TECs. These findings have provided further understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating TEC function and expression of tissue-restricted Ags. In this brief review, we focus on the newly characterized subsets of TECs and their diversity in relation to their functions in supporting T cell development. We also discuss recent discoveries in expression of self-antigens in the context of TEC development as well as the cellular and molecular changes occurring during embryonic development to thymic involution.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gerhardt LM, Koppitch K, van Gestel J, Guo J, Cho S, Wu H, Kirita Y, Humphreys BD, McMahon AP. Lineage Tracing and Single-Nucleus Multiomics Reveal Novel Features of Adaptive and Maladaptive Repair after Acute Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:554-571. [PMID: 36735940 PMCID: PMC10103206 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the mechanisms underlying adaptive and maladaptive renal repair after AKI and their long-term consequences is critical to kidney health. The authors used lineage tracing of cycling cells and single-nucleus multiomics (profiling transcriptome and chromatin accessibility) after AKI. They demonstrated that AKI triggers a cell-cycle response in most epithelial and nonepithelial kidney cell types. They also showed that maladaptive proinflammatory proximal tubule cells (PTCs) persist until 6 months post-AKI, although they decreased in abundance over time, in part, through cell death. Single-nucleus multiomics of lineage-traced cells revealed regulatory features of adaptive and maladaptive repair. These included activation of cell state-specific transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements, and effects in PTCs even after adaptive repair, weeks after the injury event. BACKGROUND AKI triggers a proliferative response as part of an intrinsic cellular repair program, which can lead to adaptive renal repair, restoring kidney structure and function, or maladaptive repair with the persistence of injured proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and an altered kidney structure. However, the cellular and molecular understanding of these repair programs is limited. METHODS To examine chromatin and transcriptional responses in the same cell upon ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), we combined genetic fate mapping of cycling ( Ki67+ ) cells labeled early after IRI with single-nucleus multiomics-profiling transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in the same nucleus-and generated a dataset of 83,315 nuclei. RESULTS AKI triggered a broad cell cycle response preceded by cell type-specific and global transcriptional changes in the nephron, the collecting and vascular systems, and stromal and immune cell types. We observed a heterogeneous population of maladaptive PTCs throughout proximal tubule segments 6 months post-AKI, with a marked loss of maladaptive cells from 4 weeks to 6 months. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiling in the same nuclei highlighted differences between adaptive and maladaptive PTCs in the activity of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors, accompanied by corresponding changes in target gene expression. Adaptive repair was associated with reduced expression of genes encoding transmembrane transport proteins essential to kidney function. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of genome organization and gene activity with single-cell resolution using lineage tracing and single-nucleus multiomics offers new insight into the regulation of renal injury repair. Weeks to months after mild-to-moderate IRI, maladaptive PTCs persist with an aberrant epigenetic landscape, and PTCs exhibit an altered transcriptional profile even following adaptive repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M.S. Gerhardt
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kari Koppitch
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordi van Gestel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sam Cho
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuhei Kirita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li J, Godoy MI, Zhang AJ, Diamante G, Ahn IS, Cebrian-Silla A, Alvarez-Buylla A, Yang X, Novitch BG, Zhang Y. Prdm16 and Vcam1 regulate the postnatal disappearance of embryonic radial glia and the ending of cortical neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528567. [PMID: 36824905 PMCID: PMC9949035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs, i.e., radial glia) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate the majority of neurons and glia in the forebrain. Postnatally, embryonic radial glia disappear and a subpopulation of radial glia transition into adult NSCs. As this transition occurs, widespread neurogenesis in brain regions such as the cerebral cortex ends. The mechanisms that regulate the postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of embryonic neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that PR domain-containing 16 (Prdm16) promotes the disappearance of radial glia and the ending of neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex. Genetic deletion of Prdm16 from NSCs leads to the persistence of radial glia in the adult V-SVZ and prolonged postnatal cortical neurogenesis. Mechanistically, Prdm16 induces the postnatal reduction in Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (Vcam1). The postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of cortical neurogenesis occur normally in Prdm16-Vcam1 double conditional knockout mice. These observations reveal novel molecular regulators of the postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of embryonic neurogenesis, filling a key knowledge gap in NSC biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | - Marlesa I. Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | - Alice J. Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | | | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA
| | - Arantxa Cebrian-Silla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences at UCLA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA
| | - Bennett G. Novitch
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA
- Department of Neurobiology, UCLA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lozano-Ureña A, Lázaro-Carot L, Jiménez-Villalba E, Montalbán-Loro R, Mateos-White I, Duart-Abadía P, Martínez-Gurrea I, Nakayama KI, Fariñas I, Kirstein M, Gil-Sanz C, Ferrón SR. IGF2 interacts with the imprinted gene Cdkn1c to promote terminal differentiation of neural stem cells. Development 2023; 150:286545. [PMID: 36633189 PMCID: PMC9903205 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is supported by multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) with unique properties and growth requirements. Adult NSCs constitute a reversibly quiescent cell population that can be activated by extracellular signals from the microenvironment in which they reside in vivo. Although genomic imprinting plays a role in adult neurogenesis through dose regulation of some relevant signals, the roles of many imprinted genes in the process remain elusive. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is encoded by an imprinted gene that contributes to NSC maintenance in the adult subventricular zone through a biallelic expression in only the vascular compartment. We show here that IGF2 additionally promotes terminal differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes by inducing the expression of the maternally expressed gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1c (Cdkn1c), encoding the cell cycle inhibitor p57. Using intraventricular infusion of recombinant IGF2 in a conditional mutant strain with Cdkn1c-deficient NSCs, we confirm that p57 partially mediates the differentiation effects of IGF2 in NSCs and that this occurs independently of its role in cell-cycle progression, balancing the relationship between astrogliogenesis, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lozano-Ureña
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Laura Lázaro-Carot
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Esteban Jiménez-Villalba
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Raquel Montalbán-Loro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Isabel Mateos-White
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Pere Duart-Abadía
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Gurrea
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Martina Kirstein
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Cristina Gil-Sanz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Sacri R. Ferrón
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Author for correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nam HS, Capecchi MR. Lrig1 expression identifies quiescent stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone from postnatal development to adulthood and limits their persistent hyperproliferation. Neural Dev 2023; 18:1. [PMID: 36631891 PMCID: PMC9832784 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-022-00169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1) as a marker of long-term neurogenic stem cells in the lateral wall of the adult mouse brain. The morphology of the stem cells thus identified differed from the canonical B1 type stem cells, raising a question about their cellular origin. Thus, we investigated the development of these stem cells in the postnatal and juvenile brain. Furthermore, because Lrig1 is a known regulator of quiescence, we also investigated the effect(s) of its deletion on the cellular proliferation in the lateral wall. METHODS To observe the development of the Lrig1-lineage stem cells, genetic inducible fate mapping studies in combination with thymidine analog administration were conducted using a previously published Lrig1T2A-iCreERT2 mouse line. To identify the long-term consequence(s) of Lrig1 germline deletion, old Lrig1 knock-out mice were generated using two different Lrig1 null alleles in the C57BL/6J background. The lateral walls from these mice were analyzed using an optimized whole mount immunofluorescence protocol and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We observed the Lrig1-lineage labeled cells with morphologies consistent with neurogenic stem cell identity in postnatal, juvenile, and adult mouse brains. Interestingly, when induced at postnatal or juvenile ages, morphologically distinct cells were revealed, including cells with the canonical B1 type stem cell morphology. Almost all of the presumptive stem cells labeled were non-proliferative at these ages. In the old Lrig1 germline knock-out mice, increased proliferation was observed compared to wildtype littermates without concomitant increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Once set aside during embryogenesis, the Lrig1-lineage stem cells remain largely quiescent during postnatal and juvenile development until activation in adult age. The absence of premature proliferative exhaustion in the Lrig1 knock-out stem cell niche during aging is likely due to a complex cascade of effects on the adult stem cell pool. Thus, we suggest that the adult stem cell pool size may be genetically constrained via Lrig1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-song Nam
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5331 USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5331 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Becker J, Sun B, Alammari F, Haerty W, Vance KW, Szele FG. What has single-cell transcriptomics taught us about long non-coding RNAs in the ventricular-subventricular zone? Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:354-376. [PMID: 36525965 PMCID: PMC9860170 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) function is mediated by the process of transcription or through transcript-dependent associations with proteins or nucleic acids to control gene regulatory networks. Many lncRNAs are transcribed in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a postnatal neural stem cell niche. lncRNAs in the V-SVZ are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and brain disease, but their functions are poorly understood. V-SVZ neurogenesis capacity declines with age due to stem cell depletion and resistance to neural stem cell activation. Here we analyzed V-SVZ transcriptomics by pooling current single-cell RNA-seq data. They showed consistent lncRNA expression during stem cell activation, lineage progression, and aging. In conjunction with epigenetic and genetic data, we predicted V-SVZ lncRNAs that regulate stem cell activation and differentiation. Some of the lncRNAs validate known epigenetic mechanisms, but most remain uninvestigated. Our analysis points to several lncRNAs that likely participate in key aspects of V-SVZ stem cell activation and neurogenesis in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keith W. Vance
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Francis George Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu B, Fang X, Kwong DLW, Zhang Y, Verhoeft K, Gong L, Zhang B, Chen J, Yu Q, Luo J, Tang Y, Huang T, Ling F, Fu L, Yan Q, Guan XY. Targeting TROY-mediated P85a/AKT/TBX3 signaling attenuates tumor stemness and elevates treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:182. [PMID: 35610614 PMCID: PMC9131684 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous in vitro hepatocyte differentiation model showed that TROY was specifically expressed in liver progenitor cells and a small proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, suggesting that TROY may participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stemness regulation. Here, we aim to investigate the role and mechanism of TROY in HCC pathogenesis. Method Bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA dataset has been used to identify the function and mechanism of TROY. Spheroid, apoptosis, and ALDH assay were performed to evaluate the stemness functions. Validation of the downstream pathway was based on Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and double immunofluorescence. Results HCC tissue microarray study found that a high frequency of TROY-positive cells was detected in 53/130 (40.8%) of HCC cases, which was significantly associated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. Functional studies revealed that TROY could promote self-renewal, drug resistance, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of HCC cells. Mechanism study found that TROY could interact with PI3K subunit p85α, inducing its polyubiquitylation and degradation. The degradation of p85α subsequently activate PI3K/AKT/TBX3 signaling and upregulated pluripotent genes expression including SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4, and promoted EMT in HCC cells. Interestingly, immune cell infiltration analysis found that upregulation of TROY in HCC tissues was induced by TGF-β1 secreted from CAFs. PI3K inhibitor wortmannin could effectively impair tumor stemness to sorafenib. Conclusion We demonstrated that TROY is an HCC CSC marker and plays an important role in HCC stemness regulation. Targeting TROY-positive CSCs with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin combined with chemo- or targeted drugs might be a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC patients. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02401-6.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fong BC, Chakroun I, Iqbal MA, Paul S, Bastasic J, O’Neil D, Yakubovich E, Bejjani AT, Ahmadi N, Carter A, Clark A, Leone G, Park DS, Ghanem N, Vandenbosch R, Slack RS. The Rb/E2F axis is a key regulator of the molecular signatures instructing the quiescent and activated adult neural stem cell state. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
33
|
North HF, Weissleder C, Fullerton JM, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. Increased immune cell and altered microglia and neurogenesis transcripts in an Australian schizophrenia subgroup with elevated inflammation. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:208-218. [PMID: 36108465 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a subgroup of schizophrenia cases (~40 %) with heightened inflammation in the neurogenic subependymal zone (SEZ) (North et al., 2021b). This schizophrenia subgroup had changes indicating reduced microglial activity, increased peripheral immune cells, increased stem cell dormancy/quiescence and reduced neuronal precursor cells. The present follow-up study aimed to replicate and extend those novel findings in an independent post-mortem cohort of schizophrenia cases and controls from Australia. RNA was extracted from SEZ tissue from 20 controls and 22 schizophrenia cases from the New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, and gene expression analysis was performed. Cluster analysis of inflammation markers (IL1B, IL1R1, SERPINA3 and CXCL8) revealed a high-inflammation schizophrenia subgroup comprising 52 % of cases, which was a significantly greater proportion than the 17 % of high-inflammation controls. Consistent with our previous report (North et al., 2021b), those with high-inflammation and schizophrenia had unchanged mRNA expression of markers for steady-state and activated microglia (IBA1, HEXB, CD68), decreased expression of phagocytic microglia markers (P2RY12, P2RY13), but increased expression of markers for macrophages (CD163), monocytes (CD14), natural killer cells (FCGR3A), and the adhesion molecule ICAM1. Similarly, the high-inflammation schizophrenia subgroup emulated increased quiescent stem cell marker (GFAPD) and decreased neuronal progenitor (DLX6-AS1) and immature neuron marker (DCX) mRNA expression; but also revealed a novel increase in a marker of immature astrocytes (VIM). Replicating primary results in an independent cohort demonstrates that inflammatory subgroups in the SEZ in schizophrenia are reliable, robust and enhance understanding of neuropathological heterogeneity when studying schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley F North
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christin Weissleder
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nutrition influences nervous system development by regulating neural stem cell homeostasis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
35
|
Hamed AA, Kunz DJ, El-Hamamy I, Trinh QM, Subedar OD, Richards LM, Foltz W, Bullivant G, Ware M, Vladoiu MC, Zhang J, Raj AM, Pugh TJ, Taylor MD, Teichmann SA, Stein LD, Simons BD, Dirks PB. A brain precursor atlas reveals the acquisition of developmental-like states in adult cerebral tumours. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4178. [PMID: 35853870 PMCID: PMC9296666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cerebral cancers are known to contain cell types resembling the varying stages of neural development. However, the basis of this association remains unclear. Here, we map the development of mouse cerebrum across the developmental time-course, from embryonic day 12.5 to postnatal day 365, performing single-cell transcriptomics on >100,000 cells. By comparing this reference atlas to single-cell data from >100 glial tumours of the adult and paediatric human cerebrum, we find that tumour cells have an expression signature that overlaps with temporally restricted, embryonic radial glial precursors (RGPs) and their immediate sublineages. Further, we demonstrate that prenatal transformation of RGPs in a genetic mouse model gives rise to adult cerebral tumours that show an embryonic/juvenile RGP identity. Together, these findings implicate the acquisition of embryonic-like states in the genesis of adult glioma, providing insight into the origins of human glioma, and identifying specific developmental cell types for therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram A Hamed
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Kunz
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ibrahim El-Hamamy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Quang M Trinh
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omar D Subedar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Richards
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Foltz
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Garrett Bullivant
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthaeus Ware
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antony M Raj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Leśniak W, Filipek A. S100A6 as a Constituent and Potential Marker of Adult and Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2699-2708. [PMID: 35796891 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult or tissue stem cells are present in various tissues of the organism where they reside in a specific environment called the niche. Owing to their ability to generate a progeny that can proliferate and differentiate into specialized cell types, adult stem cells constitute a source of new cells necessary for tissue maintenance and/or regeneration. Under normal conditions they divide with a frequency matching the pace of tissue renewal but, following tissue damage, they can migrate to the site of injury and expand/divide intensively to facilitate tissue repair. For this reason much hope is being placed on the use of adult stem cells in regenerative therapies, including tissue engineering. Identification and characterization of tissue stem cells has been a laborious process due to their scarcity and lack of universal markers. Nonetheless, recent studies, employing various types of transcriptomic analyses, revealed some common trends in gene expression pattern among stem cells derived from different tissues, suggesting the importance of certain genes/proteins for the unique properties of these cells. S100A6, a small calcium binding protein, has been recognized as an important factor influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. Accumulating results show that S100A6 is a constituent of adult stem cells and, in some cases, may even be considered as their marker. Thus, in this review we summarize literature data concerning the presence of S100A6 in adult and cancer stem cells and speculate on its potential role and usefulness as a marker of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Leśniak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02- 093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02- 093, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Mediated Oligodendrogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Brain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132101. [PMID: 35805185 PMCID: PMC9265817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrogenesis is essential for replacing worn-out oligodendrocytes, promoting myelin plasticity, and for myelin repair following a demyelinating injury in the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cells are an important source of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain; however, there are considerable differences in oligodendrogenesis from neural stem cells residing in different areas of the adult brain. Amongst the distinct niches containing neural stem cells, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are considered the principle areas of adult neurogenesis. In addition to these areas, radial glia-like cells, which are the precursors of neural stem cells, are found in the lining of the third ventricle, where they are called tanycytes, and in the cerebellum, where they are called Bergmann glia. In this review, we will describe the contribution and regulation of each of these niches in adult oligodendrogenesis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Transcriptome dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in macaques across the lifespan and aged humans. Cell Res 2022; 32:729-743. [PMID: 35750757 PMCID: PMC9343414 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) persists in adult and aged humans continues to be extensively debated. A major question is whether the markers identified in rodents are reliable enough to reveal new neurons and the neurogenic trajectory in primates. Here, to provide a better understanding of AHN in primates and to reveal more novel markers for distinct cell types, droplet-based single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is used to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and molecular characteristics of the hippocampi in macaques across the lifespan and in aged humans. All of the major cell types in the hippocampus and their expression profiles were identified. The dynamics of the neurogenic lineage was revealed and the diversity of astrocytes and microglia was delineated. In the neurogenic lineage, the regulatory continuum from adult neural stem cells (NSCs) to immature and mature granule cells was investigated. A group of primate-specific markers were identified. We validated ETNPPL as a primate-specific NSC marker and verified STMN1 and STMN2 as immature neuron markers in primates. Furthermore, we illustrate a cluster of active astrocytes and microglia exhibiting proinflammatory responses in aged samples. The interaction analysis and the comparative investigation on published datasets and ours imply that astrocytes provide signals inducing the proliferation, quiescence and inflammation of adult NSCs at different stages and that the proinflammatory status of astrocytes probably contributes to the decrease and variability of AHN in adults and elderly individuals.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dormant state of quiescent neural stem cells links Shank3 mutation to autism development. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2751-2765. [PMID: 35444258 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interactions and communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Despite extensive study, the molecular targets that control ASD development remain largely unclear. Here, we report that the dormancy of quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) is a therapeutic target for controlling the development of ASD phenotypes driven by Shank3 deficiency. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transposase accessible chromatin profiling (ATAC-seq), we find that abnormal epigenetic features including H3K4me3 accumulation due to up-regulation of Kmt2a levels lead to increased dormancy of qNSCs in the absence of Shank3. This result in decreased active neurogenesis in the Shank3 deficient mouse brain. Remarkably, pharmacological and molecular inhibition of qNSC dormancy restored adult neurogenesis and ameliorated the social deficits observed in Shank3-deficient mice. Moreover, we confirmed restored human qNSC activity rescues abnormal neurogenesis and autism-like phenotypes in SHANK3-targeted human NSCs. Taken together, our results offer a novel strategy to control qNSC activity as a potential therapeutic target for the development of autism.
Collapse
|
40
|
Baklaushev VP, Yusubalieva GM, Samoilova EM, Belopasov VV. Resident Neural Stem Cell Niches and Regeneration: The Splendors and Miseries of Adult Neurogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
41
|
Casas Gimeno G, Paridaen JTML. The Symmetry of Neural Stem Cell and Progenitor Divisions in the Vertebrate Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885269. [PMID: 35693936 PMCID: PMC9174586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust brain development requires the tight coordination between tissue growth, neuronal differentiation and stem cell maintenance. To achieve this, neural stem cells need to balance symmetric proliferative and terminal divisions with asymmetric divisions. In recent years, the unequal distribution of certain cellular components in mitosis has emerged as a key mechanism to regulate the symmetry of division, and the determination of equal and unequal sister cell fates. Examples of such components include polarity proteins, signaling components, and cellular structures such as endosomes and centrosomes. In several types of neural stem cells, these factors show specific patterns of inheritance that correlate to specific cell fates, albeit the underlying mechanism and the potential causal relationship is not always understood. Here, we review these examples of cellular neural stem and progenitor cell asymmetries and will discuss how they fit into our current understanding of neural stem cell function in neurogenesis in developing and adult brains. We will focus mainly on the vertebrate brain, though we will incorporate relevant examples from invertebrate organisms as well. In particular, we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complexities related cellular asymmetries in determining division mode outcomes, and how these mechanisms are spatiotemporally regulated to match the different needs for proliferation and differentiation as the brain forms.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kalinina A, Lagace D. Single-Cell and Single-Nucleus RNAseq Analysis of Adult Neurogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101633. [PMID: 35626670 PMCID: PMC9139993 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of adult neurogenesis is becoming increasingly apparent as we learn more about cellular heterogeneity and diversity of the neurogenic lineages and stem cell niches within the adult brain. This complexity has been unraveled in part due to single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq and sn-RNAseq) studies that have focused on adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes 33 published studies in the field of adult neurogenesis that have used sc- or sn-RNAseq methods to answer questions about the three main regions that host adult neural stem cells (NSCs): the subventricular zone (SVZ), the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. The review explores the similarities and differences in methodology between these studies and provides an overview of how these studies have advanced the field and expanded possibilities for the future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Schaberg E, Götz M, Faissner A. The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C modulates cell cycle progression and motility of adult neural stem/progenitor cells from the subependymal zone. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:244. [PMID: 35430697 PMCID: PMC9013340 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has been described in two canonical regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS) of rodents, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricles. The stem cell niche of the SEZ provides a privileged environment composed of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprises the glycoproteins tenascin-C (Tnc) and laminin-1 (LN1). In the present study, we investigated the function of these ECM glycoproteins in the adult stem cell niche. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNSPCs) of the SEZ were prepared from wild type (Tnc+/+) and Tnc knockout (Tnc−/−) mice and analyzed using molecular and cell biological approaches. A delayed maturation of aNSPCs in Tnc−/− tissue was reflected by a reduced capacity to form neurospheres in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). To examine a potential influence of the ECM on cell proliferation, aNSPCs of both genotypes were studied by cell tracking using digital video microscopy. aNSPCs were cultivated on three different substrates, namely, poly-d-lysine (PDL) and PDL replenished with either LN1 or Tnc for up to 6 days in vitro. On each of the three substrates aNSPCs displayed lineage trees that could be investigated with regard to cell cycle length. The latter appeared reduced in Tnc−/− aNSPCs on PDL and LN1 substrates, less so on Tnc that seemed to compensate the absence of the ECM compound to some extent. Close inspection of the lineage trees revealed a subpopulation of late dividing aNSPCslate that engaged into cycling after a notable delay. aNSPCslate exhibited a clearly different morphology, with a larger cell body and conspicuous processes. aNSPCslate reiterated the reduction in cell cycle length on all substrates tested, which was not rescued on Tnc substrates. When the migratory activity of aNSPC-derived progeny was determined, Tnc−/− neuroblasts displayed significantly longer migration tracks. This was traced to an increased rate of migration episodes compared to the wild-type cells that rested for longer time periods. We conclude that Tnc intervenes in the proliferation of aNSPCs and modulates the motility of neuroblasts in the niche of the SEZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schaberg
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Biomedical Center, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Synergy, Excellence Cluster for Systems Neurology, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aging and “rejuvenation” of resident stem cells — a new way to active longevity? КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the current data on the methodology for assessing the biological and epigenetic age, describes the concept of the epigenetic clock, and characterizes the main types of resident stem cells and the specifics of their aging. It has been shown that age-related changes in organs and tissues, as well as age-related diseases, are largely due to the aging of resident stem cells. The latter represent an attractive target for cell rejuvenation, as they can be isolated, cultured ex vivo, modified, and re-introduced into the resident niches. Two main methodologies for the cellular rejuvenation are presented: genetic reprogramming with zeroing the age of a cell using transient expression of transcription factors, and various approaches to epigenetic rejuvenation. The close relationship between aging, regeneration, and oncogenesis, and between these factors and the functioning of resident stem cell niches requires further precision studies, which, we are sure, can result in the creation of an effective anti-aging strategy and prolongation of human active life.
Collapse
|
45
|
Emerging Roles for the Orphan GPCRs, GPR37 and GPR37 L1, in Stroke Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074028. [PMID: 35409385 PMCID: PMC9000135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on the diverse and complex roles of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the pathophysiology of stroke. These receptors constitute a large family of seven transmembrane-spanning proteins that play an intricate role in cellular communication mechanisms which drive both tissue injury and repair following ischemic stroke. Orphan GPCRs represent a unique sub-class of GPCRs for which no natural ligands have been found. Interestingly, the majority of these receptors are expressed within the central nervous system where they represent a largely untapped resource for the treatment of neurological diseases. The focus of this review will thus be on the emerging roles of two brain-expressed orphan GPCRs, GPR37 and GPR37 L1, in regulating various cellular and molecular processes underlying ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
46
|
Urbán N. Could a Different View of Quiescence Help Us Understand How Neurogenesis Is Regulated? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:878875. [PMID: 35431774 PMCID: PMC9008321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.878875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) are in a distinct metabolic state of reversible cell cycle exit also known as quiescence. The rate of aNSC activation determines the number of new neurons generated and directly influences the long-term maintenance of neurogenesis. Despite its relevance, it is still unclear how aNSC quiescence is regulated. Many factors contribute to this, like aNSC heterogeneity, the lack of reliable quiescence markers, the complexity of the neurogenic niches or the intricacy of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involved. In this perspective article I discuss possible solutions to these problems. But, first and foremost, I believe we require a model that goes beyond a simple transition toward activation. Instead, we must acknowledge the full complexity of aNSC states, which include not only activation but also differentiation and survival as behavioural outcomes. I propose a model where aNSCs dynamically transition through a cloud of highly interlinked cellular states driven by intrinsic and extrinsic cues. I also show how a new perspective enables us to integrate current results into a coherent framework leading to the formulation of new testable hypothesis. This model, like all others, is still far from perfect and will be reshaped by future findings. I believe that having a more complete view of aNSC transitions and embracing their complexity will bring us closer to understand how aNSC activity and neurogenesis are controlled throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Urbán
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dähling S, Mansilla AM, Knöpper K, Grafen A, Utzschneider DT, Ugur M, Whitney PG, Bachem A, Arampatzi P, Imdahl F, Kaisho T, Zehn D, Klauschen F, Garbi N, Kallies A, Saliba AE, Gasteiger G, Bedoui S, Kastenmüller W. Type 1 conventional dendritic cells maintain and guide the differentiation of precursors of exhausted T cells in distinct cellular niches. Immunity 2022; 55:656-670.e8. [PMID: 35366396 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells by checkpoint immunotherapy depends on the activation of precursors of exhausted T (Tpex) cells, but the local anatomical context of their maintenance, differentiation, and interplay with other cells is not well understood. Here, we identified transcriptionally distinct Tpex subpopulations, mapped their differentiation trajectories via transitory cellular states toward Tex cells, and localized these cell states to specific splenic niches. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) were critical for successful αPD-L1 therapy and were required to mediate viral control. cDC1s were dispensable for Tpex cell expansion but provided an essential niche to promote Tpex cell maintenance, preventing their overactivation and T-cell-mediated immunopathology. Mechanistically, cDC1s insulated Tpex cells via MHC-I-dependent interactions to prevent their activation within other inflammatory environments that further aggravated their exhaustion. Our findings reveal that cDC1s maintain and safeguard Tpex cells within distinct anatomical niches to balance viral control, exhaustion, and immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dähling
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ana Maria Mansilla
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anika Grafen
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel T Utzschneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Whitney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 641-8509 Wakayama, Japan
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stenudd M, Sabelström H, Llorens-Bobadilla E, Zamboni M, Blom H, Brismar H, Zhang S, Basak O, Clevers H, Göritz C, Barnabé-Heider F, Frisén J. Identification of a discrete subpopulation of spinal cord ependymal cells with neural stem cell properties. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110440. [PMID: 35235796 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ependymal cells display neural stem cell properties in vitro and generate scar-forming astrocytes and remyelinating oligodendrocytes after injury. We report that ependymal cells are functionally heterogeneous and identify a small subpopulation (8% of ependymal cells and 0.1% of all cells in a spinal cord segment), which we denote ependymal A (EpA) cells, that accounts for the in vitro stem cell potential in the adult spinal cord. After spinal cord injury, EpA cells undergo self-renewing cell division as they give rise to differentiated progeny. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a loss of ependymal cell gene expression programs as EpA cells gained signaling entropy and dedifferentiated to a stem-cell-like transcriptional state after an injury. We conclude that EpA cells are highly differentiated cells that can revert to a stem cell state and constitute a therapeutic target for spinal cord repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moa Stenudd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Sabelström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Margherita Zamboni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Onur Basak
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 GC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 GC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Göritz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanie Barnabé-Heider
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Donega V, van der Geest AT, Sluijs JA, van Dijk RE, Wang CC, Basak O, Pasterkamp RJ, Hol EM. Single-cell profiling of human subventricular zone progenitors identifies SFRP1 as a target to re-activate progenitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1036. [PMID: 35210419 PMCID: PMC8873234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the decline of neurogenesis at birth, progenitors of the subventricular zone (SVZ) remain mostly in a quiescent state in the adult human brain. The mechanisms that regulate this quiescent state are still unclear. Here, we isolate CD271+ progenitors from the aged human SVZ for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Our transcriptome data reveal the identity of progenitors of the aged human SVZ as late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. We identify the Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP1 as a possible signal that promotes quiescence of progenitors from the aged human SVZ. Administration of WAY-316606, a small molecule that inhibits SFRP1 function, stimulates activation of neural stem cells both in vitro and in vivo under homeostatic conditions. Our data unravel a possible mechanism through which progenitors of the adult human SVZ are maintained in a quiescent state and a potential target for stimulating progenitors to re-activate. The decline in neurogenesis following birth is accompanied with a quiescent state characteristic of neural progenitors of the adult brain. Here, the authors identify the Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP1 as a potential signal that promotes quiescence and show that its inhibition stimulates stem cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Donega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid T van der Geest
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland E van Dijk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.,Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Singular Adult Neural Stem Cells Do Not Exist. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040722. [PMID: 35203370 PMCID: PMC8870225 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) are the source for the continuous production of new neurons throughout life. This so-called adult neurogenesis has been extensively studied; the intermediate cellular stages are well documented. Recent discoveries have raised new controversies in the field, such as the notion that progenitor cells hold similar self-renewal potential as stem cells, or whether different types of aNSCs exist. Here, we discuss evidence for heterogeneity of aNSCs, including short-term and long-term self-renewing aNSCs, regional and temporal differences in aNSC function, and single cell transcriptomics. Reviewing various genetic mouse models used for targeting aNSCs and lineage tracing, we consider potential lineage relationships between Ascl1-, Gli1-, and Nestin-targeted aNSCs. We present a multidimensional model of adult neurogenesis that incorporates recent findings and conclude that stemness is a phenotype, a state of properties that can change with time, rather than a cell property, which is static and immutable. We argue that singular aNSCs do not exist.
Collapse
|