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Gao K, Han S, Li Z, Luo Z, Lv S, Choe HM, Paek HJ, Quan B, Kang J, Yin X. Analysis of metabolome and transcriptome of longissimus thoracis and subcutaneous adipose tissues reveals the regulatory mechanism of meat quality in MSTN mutant castrated male finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 207:109370. [PMID: 37864922 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of myostatin (MSTN) gene mutation impact on porcine carcass and meat quality has not yet been fully understood. The meat quality trait testing of the second filial generation wild-type (WT) and homozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN-/-) castrated male finishing pigs, and RNA-seq and metabolomics on the longissimus thoracis (LT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) were performed. Compared with WT pigs, MSTN-/- pigs had higher carcass lean percentage and lower backfat thickness (all P < 0.01), and also had lower shear force (P < 0.01) and meat redness (P < 0.05). The gene and metabolite expression profiles were different between two groups. Metabolites and genes related to purine metabolism (such as xanthine metabolite (P < 0.05), AMPD3 and XDH genes (all padj < 0.01)), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (such as Phe-Phe and Glu-Glu metabolites (all P < 0.05), WNT4 and AKT2 genes (all padj < 0.01)), antioxidant related pathway (such as GPX2, GPX3, and GPX7 genes (all padj < 0.01)), and extracellular matrix related pathway (such as COL1A1 and COL3A1 genes (all padj < 0.01)) were significantly altered in LT. While metabolites and genes associated to lipid metabolism (such as trans-elaidic acid and PE(18:1(9Z)/0:0) metabolites (all P < 0.05), ACOX1, ACAT1 and HADH genes (all padj < 0.01)) were significantly changed in SAT. This study revealed the biological mechanisms of homozygous MSTN mutation regulated porcine carcass and meat quality, such as lean meat percentage, fat deposition and tenderness, which provides reference for the utilization of MSTN-/- pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Shengzhong Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhouyan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhaobo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sitong Lv
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hak Myong Choe
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hyo Jin Paek
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Biaohu Quan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jindan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xijun Yin
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Chen Q, Chen Z, Sun Q, Zhang W, Wu F, Liu G, Wang T, Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhang J. Transcriptomic analysis of the longissimus thoracis muscle in pigs has identified molecular regulatory patterns associated with meat quality. Genomics 2024; 116:110779. [PMID: 38168627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Meat quality is a critical aspect of pig breeding. In addition to genetics, meat quality is also influenced by nutritional and environmental factors. In this study, three pig breeds, Shengxianhua, Jiaxing, and Qinglian Black (SXH, JXB and QLB), were used as experimental animals. Transcriptional analysis was performed on the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle to investigate variations in intramuscular fat (IMF), inosine monophosphate (IMP), amino acids, and muscle fiber morphology across different breeds. Ingenuity canonical pathway analysis (IPA) identified biological processes and key driver genes related to metabolism and muscle development. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed gene modules associated with IMP. KEGG and GO analyses identified specific biological processes and signaling pathways related to IMP, including the Oxidative Phosphorylation pathway and rRNA Metabolic Processes. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying meat quality variations among pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhirong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Company limited, Jiaxing, China
| | - Tenghao Wang
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Company limited, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qishan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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3
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Okamoto K, Matsunari H, Nakano K, Umeyama K, Hasegawa K, Uchikura A, Takayanagi S, Watanabe M, Ohgane J, Stirm M, Kurome M, Klymiuk N, Nagaya M, Wolf E, Nagashima H. Phenotypic features of genetically modified DMD-X KOX WT pigs. Regen Ther 2023; 24:451-458. [PMID: 37772130 PMCID: PMC10523442 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder caused by mutation in the dystrophin gene (DMD) on the X chromosome. Female DMD carriers occasionally exhibit symptoms such as muscle weakness and heart failure. Here, we investigated the characteristics and representativeness of female DMD carrier (DMD-XKOXWT) pigs as a suitable disease model. Methods In vitro fertilization using sperm from a DMD-XKOY↔XWTXWT chimeric boar yielded DMD-XKOXWT females, which were used to generate F2 and F3 progeny, including DMD-XKOXWT females. F1-F3 piglets were genotyped and subjected to biochemical analysis for blood creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Skeletal muscle and myocardial tissue were analyzed for the expression of dystrophin and utrophin, as well as for lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Results DMD-XKOXWT pigs exhibited various characteristics common to human DMD carrier patients, namely, asymptomatic hyperCKemia, dystrophin expression patterns in the skeletal and cardiac muscles, histopathological features of skeletal muscle degeneration, myocardial lesions in adulthood, and sporadic death. Pathological abnormalities observed in the skeletal muscles in DMD-XKOXWT pigs point to a frequent incidence of pathological abnormalities in the musculoskeletal tissues of latent DMD carriers. Our findings suggest a higher risk of myocardial abnormalities in DMD carrier women than previously believed. Conclusions We demonstrated that DMD-XKOXWT pigs could serve as a suitable large animal model for understanding the pathogenic mechanism in DMD carriers and developing therapies for female DMD carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shuko Takayanagi
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Jun Ohgane
- Laboratory of Genomic Function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Michael Stirm
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Watanabe M, Miyamoto H, Okamoto K, Nakano K, Matsunari H, Kazuki K, Hasegawa K, Uchikura A, Takayanagi S, Umeyama K, Hiramuki Y, Kemter E, Klymuik N, Kurome M, Kessler B, Wolf E, Kazuki Y, Nagashima H. Phenotypic features of dystrophin gene knockout pigs harboring a human artificial chromosome containing the entire dystrophin gene. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:444-453. [PMID: 37588685 PMCID: PMC10425850 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes have enabled the introduction of extremely large amounts of genetic information into animal cells in an autonomously replicating, nonintegrating format. However, the evaluation of human artificial chromosomes (HACs) as novel tools for curing intractable hereditary disorders has been hindered by the limited efficacy of the delivery system. We generated dystrophin gene knockout (DMD-KO) pigs harboring the HAC bearing the entire human DMD via a somatic cell cloning procedure (DYS-HAC-cloned pig). Restored human dystrophin expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining in the skeletal muscle of the DYS-HAC-cloned pigs. Viability at the first month postpartum of the DYS-HAC-cloned pigs, including motor function in the hind leg and serum creatinine kinase level, was improved significantly when compared with that in the original DMD-KO pigs. However, decrease in systemic retention of the DYS-HAC vector and limited production of the DMD protein might have caused severe respiratory impairment with general prostration by 3 months postpartum. The results demonstrate that the use of transchromosomic cloned pigs permitted a straightforward estimation of the efficacy of the DYS-HAC carried in affected tissues/organs in a large-animal disease model, providing novel insights into the therapeutic application of exogenous mammalian artificial chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shuko Takayanagi
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hiramuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymuik
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Chey YCJ, Arudkumar J, Aartsma-Rus A, Adikusuma F, Thomas PQ. CRISPR applications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: From animal models to potential therapies. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1580. [PMID: 35909075 PMCID: PMC10078488 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR gene-editing technology creates precise and permanent modifications to DNA. It has significantly advanced our ability to generate animal disease models for use in biomedical research and also has potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic muscle-wasting disease that could potentially benefit from the development of CRISPR therapy. It is commonly associated with mutations that disrupt the reading frame of the DMD gene that encodes dystrophin, an essential scaffolding protein that stabilizes striated muscles and protects them from contractile-induced damage. CRISPR enables the rapid generation of various animal models harboring mutations that closely simulates the wide variety of mutations observed in DMD patients. These models provide a platform for the testing of sequence-specific interventions like CRISPR therapy that aim to reframe or skip DMD mutations to restore functional dystrophin expression. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu C J Chey
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jayshen Arudkumar
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fatwa Adikusuma
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australia
| | - Paul Q Thomas
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Genome Editing (SAGE), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Hasegawa K, Nakano K, Nagaya M, Watanabe M, Uchikura A, Matsunari H, Umeyama K, Kobayashi E, Nagashima H. Transplantation of human cells into Interleukin-2 receptor gamma gene knockout pigs under several conditions. Regen Ther 2022; 21:62-72. [PMID: 35765545 PMCID: PMC9198816 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previously, we performed gene knockout (KO) of interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) in porcine fetal fibroblasts using zinc finger nuclease-encoding mRNAs, subsequently generating IL2RG KO pigs using these cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer. The IL2RG KO pigs lacked a thymus and were deficient in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, similar to human X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients. The present study aimed to evaluate whether pigs can support the growth of xenografted human cells and have the potential to be an effective animal model. Methods The IL2RG XKOY pigs used in this study were obtained by mating IL2RG XKOX females with wild-type boars. This permitted the routine production of IL2RG KO pigs via natural breeding without complicated somatic cell cloning procedures; therefore, a sufficient number of pigs could be prepared. We transplanted human HeLa S3 cells expressing the tandem dimer tomato into the ears and pancreas of IL2RG KO pigs. Additionally, a newly developed method for the aseptic rearing of SCID pigs was used in case of necessity. Results Tumors from the transplanted cells quickly developed in all pigs and were verified by histology and immunohistochemistry. We also transplanted these cells into the pancreas of designated pathogen-free pigs housed in novel biocontainment facilities, and large tumors were confirmed. Conclusions IL2RG KO pigs have the potential to become useful animal models in a variety of translational biology fields. The present study aimed to evaluate whether IL2RG KO SCID-like pigs can host and support the growth of xenografted human cells under several conditions. Tumors from transplanted cells quickly developed in all pigs, as verified by histology and immunohistochemistry. IL2RG KO pigs have the potential to become extremely useful animal models in a variety of translational biology fields.
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Key Words
- DPF, designated pathogen-free
- IL, Interleukin
- IL2RG, interleukin-2 receptor gamma
- Interleukin-2 receptor gamma
- KO, knock out pigs
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- OIDP, operational immunodeficient pig
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Pig
- SCID
- SCID, Severe combined immunodeficiency
- SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer
- SD, standard deviation
- U-iR, uterectomy-isolated rearing
- WT, wild-type pigs
- XLGD, X-linked genetic diseases
- Xenotransplantation
- ZFN, Zinc finger nuclease
- tdTomato, tandem dimer Tomato
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 MIta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 MIta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 MIta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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7
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KOGASAKA Y, MURAKAMI S, YAMASHITA S, KIMURA D, FURUMOTO Y, IGUCHI K, SENDAI Y. Generation of germ cell-deficient pigs by NANOS3 knockout. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:361-368. [PMID: 36273893 PMCID: PMC9792658 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOS3 is an evolutionarily conserved gene expressed in primordial germ cells that is important for germ cell development. Germ cell deletion by NANOS3 knockout has been reported in several mammalian species, but its function in pigs is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the germline effects of NANOS3 knockout in pigs using CRISPR/Cas9. Embryo transfer of CRISPR/Cas9-modified embryos produced ten offspring, of which one showed wild-type NANOS3 alleles, eight had two mutant NANOS3 alleles, and the other exhibited mosaicism (four mutant alleles). Histological analysis revealed no germ cells in the testes or ovaries of any of the nine mutant pigs. These results demonstrated that NANOS3 is crucial for porcine germ cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei KOGASAKA
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Sho MURAKAMI
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Shiro YAMASHITA
- Quality Control Research Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Daisuke KIMURA
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Yoshinori FURUMOTO
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Kana IGUCHI
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Yutaka SENDAI
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
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8
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Fukui K, Takahashi T, Matsunari H, Uchikura A, Watanabe M, Nagashima H, Ishihara N, Kakuma T, Watanabe Y, Yamashita Y, Yoshino M. Moving towards a novel therapeutic strategy for hyperammonemia that targets glutamine metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:1059-1069. [PMID: 35866457 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with urea cycle disorders intermittently develop episodes of decompensation with hyperammonemia. Although such an episode is often associated with starvation and catabolism, its molecular basis is not fully understood. First, we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of such starvation-associated hyperammonemia. Using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) culture system, we found that glucose starvation increases ammonia production, and that this increase is associated with enhanced glutaminolysis. These results led us to focus on α-ketoglutarate (AKG), a glutamate dehydrogenase inhibitor, and a major anaplerotic metabolite. Hence, we sought to determine the effect of dimethyl α-ketoglutarate (DKG), a cell-permeable AKG analog, on MEFs and found that DKG mitigates ammonia production primarily by reducing flux through glutamate dehydrogenase. We also verified that DKG reduces ammonia in an NH4 Cl-challenged hyperammonemia mouse model and observed that DKG administration reduces plasma ammonia concentration to 22.8% of the mean value for control mice that received only NH4 Cl. In addition, we detected increases in ornithine concentration and in the ratio of ornithine to arginine following DKG treatment. We subsequently administered DKG intravenously to a newborn pig with hyperammonemia due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and found that blood ammonia concentration declined significantly over time. We determined that this effect is associated with facilitated reductive amination and glutamine synthesis. Our present data indicate that energy starvation triggers hyperammonemia through enhanced glutaminolysis and that DKG reduces ammonia accumulation via pleiotropic mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, cell-permeable forms of AKG are feasible candidates for a novel hyperammonemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fukui
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Medical Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoriko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Research Institute of Medical Mass Spectrometry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshino
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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9
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Duff C, Baruteau J. Modelling urea cycle disorders using iPSCs. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:56. [PMID: 36163209 PMCID: PMC9513077 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The urea cycle is a liver-based pathway enabling disposal of nitrogen waste. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of enzymes or transporters involved in the urea cycle and have a prevalence of 1:35,000 live births. Patients present recurrent acute hyperammonaemia, which causes high rate of death and neurological sequelae. Long-term therapy relies on a protein-restricted diet and ammonia scavenger drugs. Currently, liver transplantation is the only cure. Hence, high unmet needs require the identification of effective methods to model these diseases to generate innovative therapeutics. Advances in both induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies have provided an invaluable opportunity to model patient-specific phenotypes in vitro by creating patients’ avatar models, to investigate the pathophysiology, uncover novel therapeutic targets and provide a platform for drug discovery. This review summarises the progress made thus far in generating 2- and 3-dimensional iPSCs models for UCDs, the challenges encountered and how iPSCs offer future avenues for innovation in developing the next-generation of therapies for UCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Duff
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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10
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Gao K, Luo Z, Han S, Li Z, Choe HM, Paek HJ, Quan B, Kang J, Yin X. Analysis of meat color, meat tenderness and fatty acid composition of meat in second filial hybrid offspring of MSTN mutant pigs. Meat Sci 2022; 193:108929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Stirm M, Fonteyne LM, Shashikadze B, Stöckl JB, Kurome M, Keßler B, Zakhartchenko V, Kemter E, Blum H, Arnold GJ, Matiasek K, Wanke R, Wurst W, Nagashima H, Knieling F, Walter MC, Kupatt C, Fröhlich T, Klymiuk N, Blutke A, Wolf E. Pig models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy – from disease mechanisms to validation of new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:543-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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A Dystrophin Exon-52 Deleted Miniature Pig Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Evaluation of Exon Skipping. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313065. [PMID: 34884867 PMCID: PMC8657897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene and the subsequent lack of dystrophin protein. Recently, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO)-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting exon 51 or 53 to reestablish the DMD reading frame have received regulatory approval as commercially available drugs. However, their applicability and efficacy remain limited to particular patients. Large animal models and exon skipping evaluation are essential to facilitate ASO development together with a deeper understanding of dystrophinopathies. Using recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene targeting and somatic cell nuclear transfer, we generated a Yucatan miniature pig model of DMD with an exon 52 deletion mutation equivalent to one of the most common mutations seen in patients. Exon 52-deleted mRNA expression and dystrophin deficiency were confirmed in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of DMD pigs. Accordingly, dystrophin-associated proteins failed to be recruited to the sarcolemma. The DMD pigs manifested early disease onset with severe bodywide skeletal muscle degeneration and with poor growth accompanied by a physical abnormality, but with no obvious cardiac phenotype. We also demonstrated that in primary DMD pig skeletal muscle cells, the genetically engineered exon-52 deleted pig DMD gene enables the evaluation of exon 51 or 53 skipping with PMO and its advanced technology, peptide-conjugated PMO. The results show that the DMD pigs developed here can be an appropriate large animal model for evaluating in vivo exon skipping efficacy.
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13
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Stirm M, Fonteyne LM, Shashikadze B, Lindner M, Chirivi M, Lange A, Kaufhold C, Mayer C, Medugorac I, Kessler B, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Hinrichs A, Kemter E, Krause S, Wanke R, Arnold GJ, Wess G, Nagashima H, de Angelis MH, Flenkenthaler F, Kobelke LA, Bearzi C, Rizzi R, Bähr A, Reese S, Matiasek K, Walter MC, Kupatt C, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P, Fröhlich T, Klymiuk N, Blutke A, Wolf E. A scalable, clinically severe pig model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:273744. [PMID: 34796900 PMCID: PMC8688409 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animal models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are crucial for evaluation of diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies. Pigs cloned from male cells lacking DMD exon 52 (DMDΔ52) resemble molecular, clinical and pathological hallmarks of DMD, but die before sexual maturity and cannot be propagated by breeding. Therefore, we generated female DMD+/- carriers. A single founder animal had 11 litters with 29 DMDY/-, 34 DMD+/- as well as 36 male and 29 female wild-type offspring. Breeding with F1 and F2 DMD+/- carriers resulted in additional 114 DMDY/- piglets. With intensive neonatal management, the majority survived for 3-4 months, providing statistically relevant cohorts for experimental studies. Pathological investigations and proteome studies of skeletal muscles and myocardium confirmed the resemblance of human disease mechanisms. Importantly, DMDY/- pigs reveal progressive myocardial fibrosis and increased expression of connexin-43, associated with significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction already at age 3 months. Furthermore, behavioral tests provided evidence for impaired cognitive ability. Our breeding cohort of DMDΔ52 pigs and standardized tissue repositories provide important resources for studying DMD disease mechanisms and for testing novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stirm
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Marie Fonteyne
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maila Chirivi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Andreas Lange
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Kaufhold
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivica Medugorac
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Hinrichs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wess
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Levin Arne Kobelke
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UOS of Milan, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Reese
- Chair for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Enosawa S, Hsu HC, Yanagi Y, Matsunari H, Uchikura A, Nagashima H. Characterization and Treatment Responsiveness of Genetically Engineered Ornithine Transcarbamylase-Deficient Pig. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153226. [PMID: 34362010 PMCID: PMC8347267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel medical technologies, pig disease models are invaluable especially in the final stages of translational research. Recently, we established a genetically engineered ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient (OTCD) pig strain. Here, we report its characterization and treatment responsiveness. OTCD pigs were obtained by mating an OTCD carrier female (OTC-Xc.186_190delXWT) with a wild-type male. Due to the X-linked recessive mode of inheritance, the disease phenotype emerged only in males. Medication with nitrogen-scavenging agents was based on a clinical protocol. OTCD pigs were born smaller than their wild-type and carrier littermates, showing anemia and faltering. Biochemically, high levels of urinary orotic acid and loss of OTC activity were observed. The natural life course of OTCD pigs was characterized by a decrease in arterial percentage saturation of oxygen and body temperature, as well as an increase in blood ammonia levels; the pigs died in 24.0 ± 5.0 h (mean ± SD, n = 6). The established standard medication composed with nitrogen-scavenging agents and transfusion nearly doubled the survival time to 42.4 ± 13.7 h (n = 6). Our OTCD pig model appropriately mimicked the human pathology. Along with established protocols in handling and medication, this is a first step in developing a large animal disease model that is useful for translational research into novel medical technologies, such as cell transplantation and gene therapy, as well as in relation to urea cycle disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3416-0181
| | - Huai-Che Hsu
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Center of Organ Transplantation, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (H.M.); (A.U.); (H.N.)
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (H.M.); (A.U.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (H.M.); (A.U.); (H.N.)
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15
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Abstract
Genetically modified animals, especially rodents, are widely used in biomedical research. However, non-rodent models are required for efficient translational medicine and preclinical studies. Owing to the similarity in the physiological traits of pigs and humans, genetically modified pigs may be a valuable resource for biomedical research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified somatic cells has been the primary method for the generation of genetically modified pigs. However, site-specific gene modification in porcine cells is inefficient and requires laborious and time-consuming processes. Recent improvements in gene-editing systems, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system, represent major advances. The efficient introduction of site-specific modifications into cells via gene editors dramatically reduces the effort and time required to generate genetically modified pigs. Furthermore, gene editors enable direct gene modification during embryogenesis, bypassing the SCNT procedure. The application of gene editors has progressively expanded, and a range of strategies is now available for porcine gene engineering. This review provides an overview of approaches for the generation of genetically modified pigs using gene editors, and highlights the current trends, as well as the limitations, of gene editing in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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16
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Kupatt C, Windisch A, Moretti A, Wolf E, Wurst W, Walter MC. Genome editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a glimpse of the future? Gene Ther 2021; 28:542-548. [PMID: 33531685 PMCID: PMC8455335 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Dystrophin, one of the largest proteins in the mammalian body, are causative for a severe form of muscle disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), affecting not only skeletal muscle, but also the heart. In particular, exons 45–52 constitute a hotspot for DMD mutations. A variety of molecular therapies have been developed, comprising vectors encoding micro- and minidystrophins as well as utrophin, a protein with partially overlapping functions. With the advent of the CRISPR-Cas9-nuclease, genome editing offers a novel option of correction of the disease-cuasing mutations. Full restoration of the healthy gene by homology directed repair is a rare event. However, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) may restore the reading frame by causing exon excision. This approach has first been demonstrated in mice and then translated to large animals (dogs, pigs). This review discusses the potential opportunities and limitations of genome editing in DMD, including the generation of appropriate animal models as well as new developments in genome editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alina Windisch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, and Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Development Genetics, Helmholtz-Centre Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Matsunari H, Watanabe M, Hasegawa K, Uchikura A, Nakano K, Umeyama K, Masaki H, Hamanaka S, Yamaguchi T, Nagaya M, Nishinakamura R, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H. Compensation of Disabled Organogeneses in Genetically Modified Pig Fetuses by Blastocyst Complementation. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:21-33. [PMID: 31883918 PMCID: PMC6962638 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously established a concept of developing exogenic pancreas in a genetically modified pig fetus with an apancreatic trait, thereby proposing the possibility of in vivo generation of functional human organs in xenogenic large animals. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a further proof-of-concept of the compensation for disabled organogeneses in pig, including pancreatogenesis, nephrogenesis, hepatogenesis, and vasculogenesis. These dysorganogenetic phenotypes could be efficiently induced via genome editing of the cloned pigs. Induced dysorganogenetic traits could also be compensated by allogenic blastocyst complementation, thereby proving the extended concept of organ regeneration from exogenous pluripotent cells in empty niches during various organogeneses. These results suggest that the feasibility of blastocyst complementation using genome-edited cloned embryos permits experimentation toward the in vivo organ generation in pigs from xenogenic pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
We present the most recent research results on the creation of pigs that can accept human cells. Pigs in which grafted human cells can flourish are essential for studies of the production of human organs in the pig and for verification of the efficacy of cells and tissues of human origin for use in regenerative therapy. First, against the background of a worldwide shortage of donor organs, the need for future medical technology to produce human organs for transplantation is discussed. We then describe proof-of-concept studies in small animals used to produce human organs. An overview of the history of studies examining the induction of immune tolerance by techniques involving fertilized animal eggs and the injection of human cells into fetuses or neonatal animals is also presented. Finally, current and future prospects for producing pigs that can accept human cells and tissues for experimental purposes are discussed.
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Nakamura K, Otake M. [Current progress of research and use of microminipigs in drug development]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 152:202-207. [PMID: 30298842 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.152.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of minipigs has been increasing in the areas of pharmacology researches and drug development. The microminipig developed by Fuji Micra Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan) inherits characteristics of other pig strains showing several similarities to humans in anatomy, physiology, omnivorousness and diurnal, but at the same time has several advantages over other pig strains because of its small size which allows easy keeping, handling and dosing, and saving of test substances. The microminipig weighs about 10 kg at the age of 6 months. Canine cages can be used to keep the animal. Swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) are defined in each individual animal which is useful for testing immunological reactions. As there are many similarities in metabolic enzymes and transporters to those in humans, the microminipig is a powerful animal model for toxicokinetic studies. Unfortunately as in other minipigs the microminipig is not appropriate for embryo-fetal development studies of antibody drugs due to its poor placental transfer, but can be used for other reproductive and developmental studies. Repeat dose toxicity, safety pharmacology, immunotoxicity and local tolerance studies should be also other arenas of this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuichi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Masayoshi Otake
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center
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Umeyama K, Nakano K, Matsunari H, Yamada T, Hasegawa K, Tang K, Tokuyama Y, Watanabe M, Nagaya M, Nagashima H. The phenotype of a pig with monosomy X resembling Turner syndrome symptoms: a case report. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:231-237. [PMID: 30773506 PMCID: PMC6584175 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The partial or complete loss of one X chromosome in humans causes Turner syndrome (TS), which is accompanied by a range of physical and reproductive pathologies. This article reports
similarities between the phenotype of a pig with monosomy X and the symptoms of TS in humans. Born as the offspring of a male pig carrying a mutation in an X-chromosomal gene, ornithine
transcarbamylase (OTC), the female pig (37,XO) was raised to the age of 36 months. This X-monosomic pig presented with abnormal physical characteristics including short
stature, micrognathia, and skeletal abnormalities in the limbs. Furthermore, the female did not exhibit an estrous cycle, even after reaching the age of sexual maturity, and showed no
ovarian endocrine activity except for an irregular increase in blood 17β-estradiol levels, which was seemingly attributable to sporadic follicular development. An autopsy at 36 months
revealed an undeveloped reproductive tract with ovaries that lacked follicles. These data demonstrated that the growth processes and anatomical and physiological characteristics of an
X-monosomic pig closely resembled those of a human with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,PorMedTec Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 214-0034, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kun Tang
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokuyama
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) deficiency in pigs leads to dwarfism, abnormal fetal resource allocation, and cryptorchidism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5420-5425. [PMID: 29735702 PMCID: PMC6003518 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721630115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of HMGA2 is strongly associated with body size and growth in mice and humans. In mice, inactivation of one or both alleles of Hmga2 results in body-size reductions of 20% and 60%, respectively. In humans, microdeletions involving the HMGA2 locus result in short stature, suggesting the function of the HMGA2 protein is conserved among mammals. To test this hypothesis, we generated HMGA2-deficient pigs via gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Examination of growth parameters revealed that HMGA2-/+ male and female pigs were on average 20% lighter and smaller than HMGA2+/+ matched controls (P < 0.05). HMGA2-/- boars showed significant size reduction ranging from 35 to 85% of controls depending on age (P < 0.05), and organ weights were also affected (P < 0.05). HMGA2-/+ gilts and boars exhibited normal reproductive development and fertility, while HMGA2-/- boars were sterile due to undescended testes (cryptorchidism). Crossbreeding HMGA2-/+ boars and gilts produced litters lacking the HMGA2-/- genotype. However, analysis of day (D) D40 and D78 pregnancies indicated that HMGA2-/- fetuses were present at the expected Mendelian ratio, but placental abnormalities were seen in the D78 HMGA2-/- concepti. Additionally, HMGA2-/- embryos generated by gene editing and SCNT produced multiple pregnancies and viable offspring, indicating that lack of HMGA2 is not lethal per se. Overall, our results show that the effect of HMGA2 with respect to growth regulation is highly conserved among mammals and opens up the possibility of regulating body and organ size in a variety of mammalian species including food and companion animals.
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