1
|
Russi RC, del Balzo D, Reidel IG, Alonso Bivou M, Flor N, Lujan A, Sanchez D, Damiani MT, Veaute C. Evaluation of three formulations based on Polymorphic membrane protein D in mice infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267684. [PMID: 38045697 PMCID: PMC10690417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant impact of Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infections worldwide highlights the need to develop a prophylactic vaccine that elicits effective immunity and protects the host from the immunopathological effects of Ct infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a vaccine based on a fragment of the Polymorphic membrane protein D (FPmpD) of C. trachomatis as an immunogen using a heterologous DNA prime-protein boost strategy in female mice Three different formulations were evaluated as protein boost: free recombinant FPmpD (rFPmpD) or rFPmpD formulated with a liposomal adjuvant alternatively supplemented with CpG or a cationic gemini lipopeptide as immunostimulants. The three candidates induced an increase in the cervicovaginal and systemic titers of anti-rFPmpD antibodies in two strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6), with no evidence of fertility alterations. The three formulations induced a rapid and robust humoral immune response upon the Ct challenge. However, the booster with free rFPmpD more efficiently reduced the shedding of infective Ct and prevented the development of immunopathology. The formulations containing adjuvant induced a strong inflammatory reaction in the uterine tissue. Hence, the prime-boost strategy with the adjuvant-free FPmpD vaccine formulation might constitute a promissory candidate to prevent C. trachomatis intravaginal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cecilia Russi
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego del Balzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gabriela Reidel
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mariano Alonso Bivou
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Noelia Flor
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustín Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carolina Veaute
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pinho SS, Alves I, Gaifem J, Rabinovich GA. Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1101-1113. [PMID: 37582971 PMCID: PMC10541879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is coordinated by an intricate network of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits that regulate host responses against endogenous and exogenous insults. Disruption of these safeguard and homeostatic mechanisms can lead to unpredictable inflammatory and autoimmune responses, whereas deficiency of immune stimulatory pathways may orchestrate immunosuppressive programs that contribute to perpetuate chronic infections, but also influence cancer development and progression. Glycans have emerged as essential components of homeostatic circuits, acting as fine-tuners of immunological responses and potential molecular targets for manipulation of immune tolerance and activation in a wide range of pathologic settings. Cell surface glycans, present in cells, tissues and the extracellular matrix, have been proposed to serve as "self-associated molecular patterns" that store structurally relevant biological data. The responsibility of deciphering this information relies on different families of glycan-binding proteins (including galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins) which, upon recognition of specific carbohydrate structures, can recalibrate the magnitude, nature and fate of immune responses. This process is tightly regulated by the diversity of glycan structures and the establishment of multivalent interactions on cell surface receptors and the extracellular matrix. Here we review the spatiotemporal regulation of selected glycan-modifying processes including mannosylation, complex N-glycan branching, core 2 O-glycan elongation, LacNAc extension, as well as terminal sialylation and fucosylation. Moreover, we illustrate examples that highlight the contribution of these processes to the control of immune responses and their integration with canonical tolerogenic pathways. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as a source of immunomodulatory signals that could be leveraged for the treatment of autoimmune inflammation and chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani ZY, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad030. [PMID: 37127426 PMCID: PMC10668544 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a global economic and health crisis. Recently, plasma levels of galectin-9 (Gal-9), a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and viral immunopathogenesis, were reported to be elevated in the setting of severe COVID-19 disease. However, the impact of Gal-9 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunopathology remained to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Gal-9 treatment potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs), including immortalized AECs and primary AECs cultured at the air-liquid interface. Gal-9-glycan interactions promote SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry into AECs in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-dependent manner, enhancing the binding of the viral spike protein to ACE2. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Gal-9 and SARS-CoV-2 infection synergistically induced the expression of key pro-inflammatory programs in AECs, including the IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, EIF2, and TNFα signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Gal-9 should be explored as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Mohamed S Bouzidi
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Akshay Gala
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0410, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | | | - Stephen T Yeung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Zain Y Dossani
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 760-0016, Japan
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0410, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Satish K Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0134, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan W, Li D, Li D, Jiao J. Advances in genetic manipulation of Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209879. [PMID: 37449211 PMCID: PMC10337758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, one species of Chlamydia spp., has the greatest impact on human health and is the main cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases and preventable blindness among all Chamydia spp. species. The obligate intracellular parasitism and unique biphasic developmental cycle of C. trachomatis are the main barriers for the development of tools of genetic manipulation. The past decade has witnessed significant gains in genetic manipulation of C. trachomatis, including chemical mutagenesis, group II intron-based targeted gene knockout, fluorescence-reported allelic exchange mutagenesis (FRAEM), CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and the recently developed transposon mutagenesis. In this review, we discuss the current status of genetic manipulations of C. trachomatis and highlights new challenges in the nascent field of Chlamydia genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bi K, Du J, Chen J, Wang H, Zhang K, Wang Y, Hou L, Meng Q. Screening and functional analysis of three Spiroplasma eriocheiris glycosylated protein interactions with Macrobrachium nipponense C-type lectins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108810. [PMID: 37169109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation, one of the main protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), plays an important role in the pathogenic process of pathogens through binding and invasion of host cells or regulating the internal environment of host cells to benefit their survival. However, N-glycosylation has remained mostly unexplored in Spiroplasma eriocheiris, a novel type of pathogen which has serious adverse effects on aquaculture. In most cases, N-glycoproteins can be detected and analyzed by lectins dependent on sugar recognition domains. In this study, three Macrobrachium nipponense C-type lectins, namely, MnCTLDcp1, MnCTLDcp2 and MnCTLDcp3, were used to screen S. eriocheiris glycosylated proteins. First, qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of the three kinds of lectins were all significantly up-regulated in prawn hearts when the host was against S. eriocheiris infection. A bacterial binding assay showed that purified recombinant MnCTLDcp1, MnCTLDcp2 and MnCTLDcp3 could directly bind to S. eriocheiris in vitro. Second, three S. eriocheiris glycosylated proteins, ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP beta), molecular chaperone Dnak (Dnak) and fructose bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA), were screened and identified using the three kinds of full-length C-type lectins. Far-Western blot and coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP) further demonstrated that there were interactions between the three lectins with ATP beta, Dnak and FBPA. Furthermore, antibody neutralization assay results showed that pretreatment of S. eriocheiris with ATP beta, Dnak and FBPA antibodies could significantly block this pathogen infection. All the above studies showed that the glycosylated protein played a vital role in the process of S. eriocheiris infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keran Bi
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Jie Du
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Huicong Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Libo Hou
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The galectin family consists of carbohydrate (glycan) binding proteins that are expressed by a wide variety of cells and bind to galactose-containing glycans. Galectins can be located in the nucleus or the cytoplasm, or can be secreted into the extracellular space. They can modulate innate and adaptive immune cells by binding to glycans on the surface of immune cells or intracellularly via carbohydrate-dependent or carbohydrate-independent interactions. Galectins expressed by immune cells can also participate in host responses to infection by directly binding to microorganisms or by modulating antimicrobial functions such as autophagy. Here we explore the diverse ways in which galectins have been shown to impact immunity and discuss the opportunities and challenges in the field.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cinkir U, Bir LS, Tekin S, Karagulmez AM, Avci Cicek E, Senol H. Investigation of anti-galectin-8 levels in patients with multiple sclerosis: A consort-clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32621. [PMID: 36607856 PMCID: PMC9829274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are a family of endogenous mammalian lectins involved in pathogen recognition, killing, and facilitating the entry of microbial pathogens and parasites into the host. They are the intermediators that decipher glycan-containing information about the host immune cells and microbial structures to modulate signaling events that cause cellular proliferation, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, and cell-to-cell communication. They have subgroups that take place in different roles in the immune system. The effect of galectin-8 on multiple sclerosis disease (MS) has been studied in the literature, but the results seemed unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine anti-galectin-8 (anti-Gal-8) levels in MS and their potential use as biomarkers. METHODS In this experimental study, 45 MS patients diagnosed according to McDonald criteria were included in the patient group. The healthy control group contained 45 people without MS diagnosis and any risk factors. Demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, anti-Gal-8 levels, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease were recorded. In addition, the expanded disability status scale and disease duration were evaluated in the patient group. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviations. RESULTS The mean blood anti-galectin-8 value of the patient group was 4.84 ± 4.53 ng/mL, while it was 4.67 ± 3.40 ng/mL in the control group, and the difference in these values was found statistically insignificant (P > .05). Moreover, body mass index, glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and low-density lipoprotein levels were also statistically insignificant (P > .05). CONCLUSION This study examined anti-Gal-8 levels in MS patients. The relationship between MS and galectin-8 and anti-Gal-8 levels in patients needs further clarification. As a result, the study's results could help elucidate the pathogenesis of MS and give more evidence for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Cinkir
- T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Communication, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Ufuk Cinkir, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Communication, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam Ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Istanbul 34480, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Levent Sinan Bir
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Selma Tekin
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Magrur Karagulmez
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Esin Avci Cicek
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani Z, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human Galectin-9 Potently Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.03.18.484956. [PMID: 35378763 PMCID: PMC8978940 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.18.484956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a global economic and health crisis. Recently, plasma levels of galectin-9 (Gal-9), a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and viral immunopathogenesis, were reported to be elevated in the setting of severe COVID-19 disease. However, the impact of Gal-9 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunopathology remained to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that Gal-9 treatment potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs), including primary AECs in air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. Gal-9-glycan interactions promote SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry into AECs in an ACE2-dependent manner, enhancing the binding affinity of the viral spike protein to ACE2. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Gal-9 and SARS-CoV-2 infection synergistically induce the expression of key pro-inflammatory programs in AECs including the IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, EIF2, and TNFα signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Gal-9 should be explored as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importance COVID-19 continues to have a major global health and economic impact. Identifying host molecular determinants that modulate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and pathology is a key step in discovering novel therapeutic approaches for COVID-19. Several recent studies have revealed that plasma concentrations of the human β-galactoside-binding protein galectin-9 (Gal-9) are highly elevated in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of Gal-9 on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis ex vivo in airway epithelial cells (AECs), the critical initial targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings reveal that Gal-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication in AECs, interacting with glycans to enhance the binding between viral particles and entry receptors on the target cell surface. Moreover, we determined that Gal-9 accelerates and exacerbates several virus-induced pro-inflammatory programs in AECs that are established signature characteristics of COVID-19 disease and SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our findings suggest that Gal-9 is a promising pharmacological target for COVID-19 therapies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination based on Polymorphic protein D protects against intravaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6664. [PMID: 35459778 PMCID: PMC9030682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection urgently demands the development of a preventive vaccine. In this work, we designed a vaccine based on a fragment of polymorphic protein D (FPmpD) that proved to be immunogenic enough to generate a robust systemic and mucosal IgG humoral immune response in two strains of mice. We used a heterologous prime-boost strategy, including simultaneous systemic and mucosal administration routes. The high titers of anti-PmpD antibodies elicited by this immunization scheme did not affect murine fertility. We tested the vaccine in a mouse model of Ct intravaginal infection. Anti-PmpD antibodies displayed potent neutralizing activity in vitro and protective effects in uterine tissues in vivo. Notably, the humoral immune response of PmpD-vaccinated mice was faster and stronger than the primary immune response of non-vaccinated mice when exposed to Ct. FPmpD-based vaccine effectively reduced Ct shedding into cervicovaginal fluids, bacterial burden at the genitourinary tract, and overall infectivity. Hence, the FPmpD-based vaccine might constitute an efficient tool to protect against Ct intravaginal infection and decrease the infection spreading.
Collapse
|
10
|
Glycan-mediated molecular interactions in bacterial pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:254-267. [PMID: 34274195 PMCID: PMC8758796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are expressed on the surface of nearly all host and bacterial cells. Not surprisingly, glycan-mediated molecular interactions play a vital role in bacterial pathogenesis and host responses against pathogens. Glycan-mediated host-pathogen interactions can benefit the pathogen, host, or both. Here, we discuss (i) bacterial glycans that play a critical role in bacterial colonization and/or immune evasion, (ii) host glycans that are utilized by bacteria for pathogenesis, and (iii) bacterial and host glycans involved in immune responses against pathogens. We further discuss (iv) opportunities and challenges for transforming these research findings into more effective antibacterial strategies, and (v) technological advances in glycoscience that have helped to accelerate progress in research. These studies collectively offer valuable insights into new perspectives on antibacterial strategies that may effectively tackle the drug-resistant pathogens that are rapidly spreading globally.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lujan AL, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA, Damiani MT. Galectins as potential therapeutic targets in STIs in the female genital tract. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:240-252. [PMID: 35105978 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every day, more than one million people worldwide acquire a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This public health problem has a direct effect on women's reproductive and sexual health as STIs can cause irreversible damage to fertility and can have negative consequences associated with discrimination and social exclusion. Infection with one sexually transmitted pathogen predisposes to co-infection with others, suggesting the existence of shared pathways that serve as molecular links between these diseases. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, have emerged as endogenous mediators that facilitate cell-surface binding, internalization and cell invasion of many sexually transmitted pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, HIV and herpes simplex virus. The ability of certain galectins to dimerize or form multimeric complexes confers the capacity to interact simultaneously with glycosylated ligands on both the pathogen and the cervico-vaginal tissue on these proteins. Galectins can act as a bridge by engaging glycans from the pathogen surface and glycosylated receptors from host cells, which is a mechanism that has been shown to be shared by several sexually transmitted pathogens. In the case of viruses and obligate intracellular bacteria, binding to the cell surface promotes pathogen internalization and cell invasion. Inflammatory responses that occur in cervico-vaginal tissue might trigger secretion of galectins, which in turn control the establishment, evolution and severity of STIs. Thus, galectin-targeted therapies could potentially prevent or decrease STIs caused by a diverse array of pathogenic microorganisms; furthermore, anti-galectin agents might reduce treatment costs of STIs and reach the most vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin L Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428AGE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria T Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ayona D, Zarza SM, Landemarre L, Roubinet B, Decloquement P, Raoult D, Fournier PE, Desnues B. Human galectin-1 and galectin-3 promote Tropheryma whipplei infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 33573443 PMCID: PMC7889132 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1884515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropheryma whipplei, is an actinobacterium that causes different infections in humans, including Whipple's disease. The bacterium infects and replicates in macrophages, leading to a Th2-biased immune response. Previous studies have shown that T. whipplei harbors complex surface glycoproteins with evidence of sialylation. However, the exact contribution of these glycoproteins for infection and survival remains obscure. To address this, we characterized the bacterial glycoprofile and evaluated the involvement of human β-galactoside-binding lectins, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) which are highly expressed by macrophages as receptors for bacterial glycans. Tropheryma whipplei glycoproteins harbor different sugars including glucose, mannose, fucose, β-galactose and sialic acid. Mass spectrometry identification revealed that these glycoproteins were membrane- and virulence-associated glycoproteins. Most of these glycoproteins are highly sialylated and N-glycosylated while some of them are rich in poly-N-acetyllactosamine (Poly-LAcNAc) and bind Gal-1 and Gal-3. In vitro, T. whipplei modulates the expression and cellular distribution of Gal-1 and Gal-3. Although both galectins promote T. whipplei infection by enhancing bacterial cell entry, only Gal-3 is required for optimal bacterial uptake. Finally, we found that serum levels of Gal-1 and Gal-3 were altered in patients with T. whipplei infections as compared to healthy individuals, suggesting that galectins are also involved in vivo. Among T. whipplei membrane-associated proteins, poly-LacNAc rich-glycoproteins promote infection through interaction with galectins. T. whipplei modulates the expression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 both in vitro and in vivo. Drugs interfering with galectin-glycan interactions may provide new avenues for the treatment and diagnosis of T. whipplei infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diyoly Ayona
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Madariaga Zarza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Benoît Roubinet
- Glycodiag, Rue De Chartres, BP6759, 45067, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Decloquement
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, Marseille, France,Pierre-Edouard Fournier Aix Marseille Univ, VITROME, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,CONTACT Benoit Desnues MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poncini CV, Benatar AF, Gomez KA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link Between Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Inflammation, and Tissue Damage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794765. [PMID: 35046919 PMCID: PMC8762303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causative agent of Chagas disease, affects about seven million people worldwide, representing a major global public health concern with relevant socioeconomic consequences, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, in modulating both T. cruzi infection and immunoregulation. Specifically, we focus on galectin-driven circuits that link parasite invasion and inflammation and reprogram innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the dynamics of galectins and their β-galactoside-specific ligands during the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and elucidating their roles in immunoregulation, inflammation, and tissue damage offer new rational opportunities for treating this devastating neglected disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V. Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F. Benatar
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biología e Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jofre BL, Eliçabe RJ, Silva JE, Pérez Sáez JM, Paez MD, Callegari E, Mariño KV, Di Genaro MS, Rabinovich GA, Davicino RC. Galectin-1 Cooperates with Yersinia Outer Protein (Yop) P to Thwart Protective Immunity by Repressing Nitric Oxide Production. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1636. [PMID: 34827634 PMCID: PMC8615707 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) inserts outer proteins (Yops) into cytoplasm to infect host cells. However, in spite of considerable progress, the mechanisms implicated in this process, including the association of Yops with host proteins, remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the functional role of Galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous β-galactoside-binding protein, in modulating Yop interactions with host cells. Our results showed that Gal1 binds to Yops in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Interestingly, Gal1 binding to Yops protects these virulence factors from trypsin digestion. Given that early control of Ye infection involves activation of macrophages, we evaluated the role of Gal1 and YopP in the modulation of macrophage function. Although Gal1 and YopP did not influence production of superoxide anion and/or TNF by Ye-infected macrophages, they coordinately inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Notably, recombinant Gal1 (rGal1) did not rescue NO increase observed in Lgals1-/- macrophages infected with the YopP mutant Ye ∆yopP. Whereas NO induced apoptosis in macrophages, no significant differences in cell death were detected between Gal1-deficient macrophages infected with Ye ∆yopP, and WT macrophages infected with Ye wt. Strikingly, increased NO production was found in WT macrophages treated with MAPK inhibitors and infected with Ye wt. Finally, rGal1 administration did not reverse the protective effect in Peyer Patches (PPs) of Lgals1-/- mice infected with Ye ∆yopP. Our study reveals a cooperative role of YopP and endogenous Gal1 during Ye infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lucila Jofre
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Javier Eliçabe
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Juan Eduardo Silva
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (J.M.P.S.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Maria Daniela Paez
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 66544, USA; (M.D.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Eduardo Callegari
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 66544, USA; (M.D.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Karina Valeria Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina;
| | - María Silvia Di Genaro
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Adrián Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (J.M.P.S.); (G.A.R.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
| | - Roberto Carlos Davicino
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
- Roberto Davicino, División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, San Luis CP5700, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhowmick S, Saha A, AlFaris NA, ALTamimi JZ, ALOthman ZA, Aldayel TS, Wabaidur SM, Islam MA. Structure-based identification of galectin-1 selective modulators in dietary food polyphenols: a pharmacoinformatics approach. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1697-1714. [PMID: 34482478 PMCID: PMC9209356 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this study, a set of dietary polyphenols was comprehensively studied for the selective identification of the potential inhibitors/modulators for galectin-1. Galectin-1 is a potent prognostic indicator of tumor progression and a highly regarded therapeutic target for various pathological conditions. This indicator is composed of a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that accounts for the binding affinity of β-galactosides. Although some small molecules have been identified as galectin-1 inhibitors/modulators, there are limited studies on the identification of novel compounds against this attractive therapeutic target. The extensive computational techniques include potential drug binding site recognition on galectin-1, binding affinity predictions of ~ 500 polyphenols, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations of galectin-1 with selective dietary polyphenol modulators, followed by the estimation of binding free energy for the identification of dietary polyphenol-based galectin-1 modulators. Initially, a deep neural network-based algorithm was utilized for the prediction of the druggable binding site and binding affinity. Thereafter, the intermolecular interactions of the polyphenol compounds with galectin-1 were critically explored through the extra-precision docking technique. Further, the stability of the interaction was evaluated through the conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamic simulation study. The docking analyses indicated the high interaction affinity of different amino acids at the CRD region of galectin-1 with the proposed five polyphenols. Strong and consistent interaction stability was suggested from the simulation trajectories of the selected dietary polyphenol under the dynamic conditions. Also, the conserved residue (His44, Asn46, Arg48, Val59, Asn61, Trp68, Glu71, and Arg73) associations suggest high affinity and selectivity of polyphenols toward galectin-1 protein. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
| | - Nora Abdullah AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jozaa Zaidan ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kurhade SE, Weiner JD, Gao FP, Farrell MP. Functionalized High Mannose-Specific Lectins for the Discovery of Type I Mannosidase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12313-12318. [PMID: 33728787 PMCID: PMC8131250 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An engineered cyanovirin-N homologue that exhibits specificity for high mannose N-glycans has been constructed to aid type I α 1,2-mannosidase inhibitor discovery and development. Engineering the lectins C-terminus permitted facile functionalization with fluorophores via a sortase and click strategy. The resulting lectin constructs exhibit specificity for cells presenting high mannose N-glycans. Importantly, these lectin constructs can also be applied to specifically assess changes in cell surface glycosylation induced by type I mannosidase inhibitors. Testing the utility of these lectin constructs led to the discovery of type I mannosidase inhibitors with nanomolar potency. Cumulatively, these findings reveal the specificity and utility of the functionalized cyanovirin-N homologue constructs, and highlight their potential in analytical contexts that require high mannose-specific lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh E Kurhade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Jack D Weiner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Fei Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, The University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Mark P Farrell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kurhade SE, Weiner JD, Gao FP, Farrell MP. Functionalized High Mannose‐Specific Lectins for the Discovery of Type I Mannosidase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh E. Kurhade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry The University of Kansas 2034 Becker Drive Lawrence KS 66047 USA
| | - Jack D. Weiner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry The University of Kansas 2034 Becker Drive Lawrence KS 66047 USA
| | - Fei Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group The University of Kansas 2034 Becker Drive Lawrence KS 66047 USA
| | - Mark P. Farrell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry The University of Kansas 2034 Becker Drive Lawrence KS 66047 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Exploration of Galectin Ligands Displayed on Gram-Negative Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens with Different Cell Surface Architectures. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040595. [PMID: 33919637 PMCID: PMC8074145 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins bind various pathogens through recognition of distinct carbohydrate structures. In this work, we examined the binding of four human galectins to the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), which display different surface glycans. In particular, Kpn cells are covered by a polysaccharide capsule and display an O-chain-containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas NTHi is not capsulated and its LPS, termed lipooligosacccharide (LOS), does not contain O-chain. Binding assays to microarray-printed bacteria revealed that galectins-3, -4, and -8, but not galectin-1, bind to Kpn and NTHi cells, and confocal microscopy attested binding to bacterial cells in suspension. The three galectins bound to array-printed Kpn LPS. Moreover, analysis of galectin binding to mutant Kpn cells evidenced that the O-chain is the docking point for galectins on wild type Kpn. Galectins-3, -4, and -8 also bound the NTHi LOS. Microarray-assisted comparison of the binding to full-length and truncated LOSs, as well as to wild type and mutant cells, supported LOS involvement in galectin binding to NTHi. However, deletion of the entire LOS oligosaccharide chain actually increased binding to NTHi cells, indicating the availability of other ligands on the bacterial surface, as similarly inferred for Kpn cells devoid of both O-chain and capsule. Altogether, the results illustrate galectins’ versatility for recognizing different bacterial structures, and point out the occurrence of so far overlooked galectin ligands on bacterial surfaces.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cutine AM, Bach CA, Veigas F, Merlo JP, Laporte L, Manselle Cocco MN, Massaro M, Sarbia N, Perrotta RM, Mahmoud YD, Rabinovich GA. Tissue-specific control of galectin-1-driven circuits during inflammatory responses. Glycobiology 2021; 31:891-907. [PMID: 33498084 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of glycan-binding protein in immune tolerance and inflammation has been well established, mainly by studies of C-type lectins, siglecs and galectins both in experimental models and patient samples. Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved lectins, are characterized by sequence homology in the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), atypical secretion via an ER-Golgi-independent pathway and the ability to recognize β-galactoside-containing saccharides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family displays mainly anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, although, similar to many cytokines and growth factors, it may also trigger paradoxical pro-inflammatory effects under certain circumstances. These dual effects could be associated to tissue-, time- or context-dependent regulation of galectin expression and function, including particular pathophysiologic settings and/or environmental conditions influencing the structure of this lectin, as well as the availability of glycosylated ligands in immune cells during the course of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss the tissue-specific role of Gal-1 as a master regulator of inflammatory responses across different pathophysiologic settings, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target. Further studies designed at analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that control Gal-1 expression and function in different tissue microenvironments may contribute to design tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at positively or negatively modulate this glycan-binding protein in pathologic inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela M Cutine
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila A Bach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Veigas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín P Merlo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Laporte
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Sarbia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro M Perrotta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamil D Mahmoud
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bertuzzi S, Gimeno A, Núñez‐Franco R, Bernardo‐Seisdedos G, Delgado S, Jiménez‐Osés G, Millet O, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Unravelling the Time Scale of Conformational Plasticity and Allostery in Glycan Recognition by Human Galectin-1. Chemistry 2020; 26:15643-15653. [PMID: 32780906 PMCID: PMC7756784 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of human galectin-1 with a variety of oligosaccharides, from di-(N-acetyllactosamine) to tetra-saccharides (blood B type-II antigen) has been scrutinized by using a combined approach of different NMR experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Ligand- and receptor-based NMR experiments assisted by computational methods allowed proposing three-dimensional structures for the different complexes, which explained the lack of enthalpy gain when increasing the chemical complexity of the glycan. Interestingly, and independently of the glycan ligand, the entropy term does not oppose the binding event, a rather unusual feature for protein-sugar interactions. CLEANEX-PM and relaxation dispersion experiments revealed that sugar binding affected residues far from the binding site and described significant changes in the dynamics of the protein. In particular, motions in the microsecond-millisecond timescale in residues at the protein dimer interface were identified in the presence of high affinity ligands. The dynamic process was further explored by extensive MD simulations, which provided additional support for the existence of allostery in glycan recognition by human galectin-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Reyes Núñez‐Franco
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo‐Seisdedos
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez‐Osés
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
- Ikerbasque—Basque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoBizkaiaSpain
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUPV/EHUUniversity of the Basque Country48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ayona D, Fournier PE, Henrissat B, Desnues B. Utilization of Galectins by Pathogens for Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1877. [PMID: 32973776 PMCID: PMC7466766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are glycan-binding proteins which are expressed by many different cell types and secreted extracellularly. These molecules are well-known regulators of immune responses and involved in a broad range of cellular and pathophysiological functions. During infections, host galectins can either avoid or facilitate infections by interacting with host cells- and/or pathogen-derived glycoconjugates and less commonly, with proteins. Some pathogens also express self-produced galectins to interfere with host immune responses. This review summarizes pathogens which take advantage of host- or pathogen-produced galectins to establish the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diyoly Ayona
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blois SM, Verlohren S, Wu G, Clark G, Dell A, Haslam SM, Barrientos G. Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB). Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:469-486. [PMID: 32601855 PMCID: PMC7508936 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, AG GlycoImmunology, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bacterial glycans and their interactions with lectins in the innate immune system. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1569-1579. [PMID: 31724699 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial surfaces are rich in glycoconjugates that are mainly present in their outer layers and are of great importance for their interaction with the host innate immune system. The innate immune system is the first barrier against infection and recognizes pathogens via conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Lectins expressed by innate immune cells represent an important class of PRRs characterized by their ability to recognize carbohydrates. Among lectins in innate immunity, there are three major classes including the galectins, siglecs, and C-type lectin receptors. These lectins may contribute to initial recognition of bacterial glycans, thus providing an early defence mechanism against bacterial infections, but they may also be exploited by bacteria to escape immune responses. In this review, we will first exemplify bacterial glycosylation systems; we will then describe modes of recognition of bacterial glycans by lectins in innate immunity and, finally, we will briefly highlight how bacteria have found ways to exploit these interactions to evade immune recognition.
Collapse
|
24
|
Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions: Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:169-196. [PMID: 32152947 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and evolutionary and structural conservation from fungi to invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals. Their biological roles, initially understood as limited to recognition of endogenous ("self") carbohydrate ligands in embryogenesis and early development, dramatically expanded in later years by the discovery of their roles in tissue repair, cancer, adipogenesis, and regulation of immune homeostasis. In recent years, however, evidence has also accumulated to support the notion that galectins can bind ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic microbes, and function as recognition and effector factors in innate immunity. Thus, this evidence has established a new paradigm by which galectins can function not only as pattern recognition receptors but also as effector factors, by binding to the microbial surface and inhibiting adhesion and/or entry into the host cell, directly killing the potential pathogen by disrupting its surface structures, or by promoting phagocytosis, encapsulation, autophagy, and pathogen clearance from circulation. Strikingly, some viruses, bacteria, and protistan parasites take advantage of the aforementioned recognition roles of the vector/host galectins, for successful attachment and invasion. These recent findings suggest that galectin-mediated innate immune recognition and effector mechanisms, which throughout evolution have remained effective for preventing or fighting viral, bacterial, and parasitic infection, have been "subverted" by certain pathogens by unique evolutionary adaptations of their surface glycome to gain host entry, and the acquisition of effective mechanisms to evade the host's immune responses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Caven L, Carabeo RA. Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Chlamydia trachomatis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010090. [PMID: 31877733 PMCID: PMC6981773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is crucially important to maintenance of the cellular structure, cell motility, and endocytosis. Accordingly, bacterial pathogens often co-opt the actin-restructuring machinery of host cells to access or create a favorable environment for their own replication. The obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia trachomatis and related species exemplify this dynamic: by inducing actin polymerization at the site of pathogen-host attachment, Chlamydiae induce their own uptake by the typically non-phagocytic epithelium they infect. The interaction of chlamydial adhesins with host surface receptors has been implicated in this effect, as has the activity of the chlamydial effector TarP (translocated actin recruitment protein). Following invasion, C. trachomatis dynamically assembles and maintains an actin-rich cage around the pathogen’s membrane-bound replicative niche, known as the chlamydial inclusion. Through further induction of actin polymerization and modulation of the actin-crosslinking protein myosin II, C. trachomatis promotes egress from the host via extrusion of the inclusion. In this review, we present the experimental findings that can inform our understanding of actin-dependent chlamydial pathogenesis, discuss lingering questions, and identify potential avenues of future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Caven
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rey A. Carabeo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-836-9778
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Modenutti CP, Capurro JIB, Di Lella S, Martí MA. The Structural Biology of Galectin-Ligand Recognition: Current Advances in Modeling Tools, Protein Engineering, and Inhibitor Design. Front Chem 2019; 7:823. [PMID: 31850312 PMCID: PMC6902271 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins (formerly known as “S-type lectins”) are a subfamily of soluble proteins that typically bind β-galactoside carbohydrates with high specificity. They are present in many forms of life, from nematodes and fungi to animals, where they perform a wide range of functions. Particularly in humans, different types of galectins have been described differing not only in their tissue expression but also in their cellular location, oligomerization, fold architecture and carbohydrate-binding affinity. This distinct yet sometimes overlapping distributions and physicochemical attributes make them responsible for a wide variety of both intra- and extracellular functions, including tremendous importance in immunity and disease. In this review, we aim to provide a general description of galectins most important structural features, with a special focus on the molecular determinants of their carbohydrate-recognition ability. For that purpose, we structurally compare the human galectins, in light of recent mutagenesis studies and novel X-ray structures. We also offer a detailed description on how to use the solvent structure surrounding the protein as a tool to get better predictions of galectin-carbohydrate complexes, with a potential application to the rational design of glycomimetic inhibitory compounds. Finally, using Gal-1 and Gal-3 as paramount examples, we review a series of recent advances in the development of engineered galectins and galectin inhibitors, aiming to dissect the structure-activity relationship through the description of their interaction at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Modenutti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Blanco Capurro
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Capmany A, Gambarte Tudela J, Alonso Bivou M, Damiani MT. Akt/AS160 Signaling Pathway Inhibition Impairs Infection by Decreasing Rab14-Controlled Sphingolipids Delivery to Chlamydial Inclusions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:666. [PMID: 31001235 PMCID: PMC6456686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, intercepts different trafficking pathways of the host cell to acquire essential lipids for its survival and replication, particularly from the Golgi apparatus via a Rab14-mediated transport. Molecular mechanisms underlying how these bacteria manipulate intracellular transport are a matter of intense study. Here, we show that C. trachomatis utilizes Akt/AS160 signaling pathway to promote sphingolipids delivery to the chlamydial inclusion through Rab14-controlled vesicular transport. C. trachomatis provokes Akt phosphorylation along its entire developmental life cycle and recruits phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) to the inclusion membrane. As a consequence, Akt Substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), also known as TBC1D4, a GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) for Rab14, is phosphorylated and therefore inactivated. Phosphorylated AS160 (pAS160) loses its ability to promote GTP hydrolysis, favoring Rab14 binding to GTP. Akt inhibition by an allosteric isoform-specific Akt inhibitor (iAkt) prevents AS160 phosphorylation and reduces Rab14 recruitment to chlamydial inclusions. iAkt further impairs sphingolipids acquisition by C. trachomatis-inclusion and provokes lipid retention at the Golgi apparatus. Consequently, treatment with iAkt decreases chlamydial inclusion size, bacterial multiplication, and infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were found in AS160-depleted cells. By electron microscopy, we observed that iAkt generates abnormal bacterial forms as those reported after sphingolipids deprivation or Rab14 silencing. Taken together, our findings indicate that targeting the Akt/AS160/Rab14 axis could constitute a novel strategy to limit chlamydial infections, mainly for those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Capmany
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Área de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julián Gambarte Tudela
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Área de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano Alonso Bivou
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Área de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María T Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Área de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghosh A, Banerjee A, Amzel LM, Vasta GR, Bianchet MA. Structure of the zebrafish galectin-1-L2 and model of its interaction with the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) envelope glycoprotein. Glycobiology 2019; 29:419-430. [PMID: 30834446 PMCID: PMC6476415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, highly conserved β-galactoside-binding lectins, have diverse regulatory roles in development and immune homeostasis and can mediate protective functions during microbial infection. In recent years, the role of galectins in viral infection has generated considerable interest. Studies on highly pathogenic viruses have provided invaluable insight into the participation of galectins in various stages of viral infection, including attachment and entry. Detailed mechanistic and structural aspects of these processes remain undetermined. To address some of these gaps in knowledge, we used Zebrafish as a model system to examine the role of galectins in infection by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that is responsible for significant losses in both farmed and wild salmonid fish. Like other rhabdoviruses, IHNV is characterized by an envelope consisting of trimers of a glycoprotein that display multiple N-linked oligosaccharides and play an integral role in viral infection by mediating the virus attachment and fusion. Zebrafish's proto-typical galectin Drgal1-L2 and the chimeric-type galectin Drgal3-L1 interact directly with the glycosylated envelope of IHNV, and significantly reduce viral attachment. In this study, we report the structure of the complex of Drgal1-L2 with N-acetyl-d-lactosamine at 2.0 Å resolution. To gain structural insight into the inhibitory effect of these galectins on IHNV attachment to the zebrafish epithelial cells, we modeled Drgal3-L1 based on human galectin-3, as well as, the ectodomain of the IHNV glycoprotein. These models suggest mechanisms for which the binding of these galectins to the IHNV glycoprotein hinders with different potencies the viral attachment required for infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Current address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W408C, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA,Current address: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Structural Enzymology and Thermodynamics Group of the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario A Bianchet
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Structural Enzymology and Thermodynamics Group of the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +1-410-614-8221; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mendez-Huergo SP, Hockl PF, Stupirski JC, Maller SM, Morosi LG, Pinto NA, Berón AM, Musuruana JL, Nasswetter GG, Cavallasca JA, Rabinovich GA. Clinical Relevance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Differential Regulation and Correlation With Disease Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3057. [PMID: 30687310 PMCID: PMC6333668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of animal lectins, play central roles in immune system regulation, shaping both innate and adaptive responses in physiological and pathological processes. These include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory responses that affects both articular and extra-articular tissues. Galectins have been reported to play central roles in RA and its experimental animal models. In this perspective article we present new data highlighting the regulated expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in sera from RA patients under disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and/or corticoid treatment in the context of a more comprehensive discussion that summarizes the roles of galectins in joint inflammation. We found that Gal-1 levels markedly increase in sera from RA patients and positively correlate with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) and disease activity score 28 (DAS-28) parameters. On the other hand, Gal-3 is downregulated in RA patients, but positively correlates with health assessment questionnaire parameter (HAQ). Finally, by generating receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves, we found that Gal-1 and Gal-3 serum levels constitute good parameters to discriminate patients with RA from healthy individuals. Our findings uncover a differential regulation of Gal-1 and Gal-3 which might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects elicited by DMARDs and corticoid treatment in RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago P Mendez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo F Hockl
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C Stupirski
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A Pinto
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Berón
- División Reumatología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Musuruana
- Sección de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital "José Bernardo Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Nasswetter
- División Reumatología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier A Cavallasca
- Sección de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital "José Bernardo Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Parolin C, Frisco G, Foschi C, Giordani B, Salvo M, Vitali B, Marangoni A, Calonghi N. Lactobacillus crispatus BC5 Interferes With Chlamydia trachomatis Infectivity Through Integrin Modulation in Cervical Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2630. [PMID: 30459737 PMCID: PMC6232233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of the vaginal niche, preventing the colonization of exogenous microorganisms. Although many studies have discussed the mechanisms displayed by lactobacilli in counteracting several urogenital pathogens, a few data are available on the interaction between lactobacilli and Chlamydia trachomatis. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular bases of the interaction among vaginal lactobacilli, the sexually transmitted pathogen C. trachomatis and the epithelial cervical cells. We evaluated the in vitro activity of 15 Lactobacillus strains, belonging to different species (i.e., L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. vaginalis), against C. trachomatis. In particular, we evaluated the capability of lactobacilli cells to interfere with C. trachomatis infection in HeLa cells, by exclusion assays. Lactobacilli significantly reduced C. trachomatis infectivity, being L. crispatus the most active species. Although a dose-dependent effect was noticed, a significant antagonistic activity was maintained even at lower doses. As other Gram-positive bacteria (i.e., Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis) failed to interfere with C. trachomatis infectivity, Lactobacillus activity proved to be specific. The potential mechanism of protection was investigated in Lactobacillus crispatus BC5, chosen as the model strain. The incubation of HeLa cell line with BC5 cells induced important modifications in the epithelial plasma membrane, by altering lipid composition and α5 integrin subunit exposure. When α5 integrin subunits were masked by a specific blocking antibody or ITGA5 gene expression was silenced, Chlamydia infection was significantly reduced. It follows that α5 integrin subunit is crucial for the pathogen infection process, and the anti-Chlamydia activity can be directly linked to membrane properties modifications in cervical cells. The three Gram-positive bacteria used as controls failed to modify the expression of α5β1 integrin. In conclusion, we identified a potential molecular mechanism at the basis of the protection exerted by L. crispatus BC5 against C. trachomatis, getting insights into the role of the cervico-vaginal microbiota for the woman’s health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melissa Salvo
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|