1
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Arbabi S, Deuar P, Denys M, Bennacer R, Che Z, Theodorakis PE. Molecular dynamics simulation of the coalescence of surfactant-laden droplets. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8070-8080. [PMID: 37801284 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the coalescence of surfactant-laden water droplets by using several different surfactant types and a wide range of concentrations by means of a coarse-grained model obtained by the statistical associating fluid theory. Our results demonstrate in detail a universal mass transport mechanism of surfactant across many concentrations and several surfactant types during the process. Coalescence initiation is seen to occur via a single pinch due to aggregation of surface surfactant, and its remnants tend to become engulfed in part inside the forming bridge. Across the board we confirm the existence of an initial thermal regime with constant bridge width followed by a later inertial regime with bridge width scaling roughly as the square root of time, but see no evidence of an intermediate viscous regime. Coalescence becomes slower as surfactant concentration grows, and we see evidence of the appearance of a further slowdown of a different nature for several times the critical concentration. We anticipate that our results provide further insights in the mechanisms of coalescence of surfactant-laden droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Arbabi
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Deuar
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Denys
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rachid Bennacer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LMPS - Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Zhizhao Che
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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2
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Boulogne F, Rio E, Restagno F. Evaporation-Induced Temperature Gradient in a Foam Column. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14256-14262. [PMID: 37774314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Various parameters affect foam stability: surface and bulk rheology of the solution, gravitational drainage, mechanical vibrations, bubble gas composition, and also evaporation. Evaporation is often considered through the prism of liquid loss but also induces a cooling effect due to the enthalpy of vaporization. In this study, we combine a theoretical and experimental approach to explore the temperature field in a foam column evaporating from the top. We show that a measurable temperature profile exists in this geometry, with temperatures at the interface lower than the environmental temperature by a few degrees. We demonstrate that the temperature profile is the result of a balance between the enthalpy of vaporization and heat fluxes originating from the thermal conduction of foam and air and thermal radiation. For small foam thicknesses compared to the radius, we found that the temperature gradient is established over the foam thickness, while for large aspect ratios, the gradient spans over a length scale comparable to the tube radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Boulogne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
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3
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Lombardi L, Roig-Sanchez S, Bapat A, Frostad JM. Nonaqueous foam stabilization mechanisms in the presence of volatile solvents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:46-55. [PMID: 37295369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypothesis Nonaqueous foams are found in a variety of applications, many of which contain volatile components that need to be removed during processing. Sparging air bubbles into the liquid can be used to aid in their removal, but the resulting foam can be stabilized or destabilized by several different mechanisms, the relative importance of which are not yet fully understood. Investigating the dynamics of thin film drainage, four competing mechanisms can be observed, such as solvent evaporation, film viscosification, and thermal and solutocapillary Marangoni flows. Experiments Experimental studies with isolated bubbles and/or bulk foams are needed to strengthen the fundamental knowledge of these systems. This paper presents interferometric measurements of the dynamic evolution of a film formed by a bubble rising to an air-liquid interface to shed light on this situation. Two different solvents with different degrees of volatility were investigated to reveal both qualitative and quantitative details on thin film drainage mechanisms in polymer-volatile mixtures. Findings Using interferometry, we found evidence that solvent evaporation and film viscosification both strongly influence the stability of interface. These findings were corroborated by comparison with bulk foam measurements, revealing a strong correlation between these two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Naples, 80125, Italy.
| | - Soledad Roig-Sanchez
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Amar Bapat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - John M Frostad
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada; Food Science, University of British Columbia, 2205 E Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
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4
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Arnaudova T, Mitrinova Z, Denkov N, Growney D, Brenda R, Tcholakova S. Foamability and foam stability of oily mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Finite Difference Simulation of Nonlinear Convection in Magnetohydrodynamic Flow in the Presence of Viscous and Joule Dissipation over an Oscillating Plate. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineers and researchers are interested in the study of nonlinear convection, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating in various flow configurations due to their various applications in engineering processes. That is why the present study deals with the influence of nonlinear convection, viscous, and Joule dissipation of the temperature and velocity profile of incompressible fluid over a flat plate. In this study, the magnetic field acts perpendicular to the fluid flow and is supposed to be of uniform magnitude. Further, the Newtonian fluid, which is electrically conducting, passes over an infinite vertical flat plate under an oscillatory motion. The term representing the influence of the nonlinear convection phenomenon is integrated into the Navier–Stokes equation. The governing equations of the mentioned study were modeled in the form of non-linear PDEs and modified as non-dimensional equations via appropriate scaling analyses, which resulted in coupled and non-linear PDEs. For the numerical solution of the transformed non-linear PDEs, the finite difference method was applied. Finally, we present the effects of various flow parameters via graphical illustrations.
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6
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Challenges in Mitigating Lubricant Foaming. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lubricant foaming and its mitigation is an active area of research driven by demands from modern machinery that require foam-free lubricant operation over extended periods and under adverse conditions. Tackling lubricant foaming has proven to be challenging due to interdependent foam stabilization mechanisms and a multitude of antifoam inactivation routes. This perspective briefly outlines the key challenges faced by researchers in this field. Overcoming these challenges to create lubricants with superior foaming characteristics requires the development of new lubricant and antifoam chemistry as well as a shift from the existing trial-and-error methods to mechanistic-insight-driven lubricant formulation and antifoam design.
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7
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Chandran Suja V, Verma A, Mossige E, Cui K, Xia V, Zhang Y, Sinha D, Joslin S, Fuller G. Dewetting characteristics of contact lenses coated with wetting agents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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9
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Abstract
Ultrathin foam films containing supramolecular structures like micelles in bulk and adsorbed surfactant at the liquid-air interface undergo drainage via stratification. At a fixed surfactant concentration, the stepwise decrease in the average film thickness of a stratifying micellar film yields a characteristic step size that also describes the quantized thickness difference between coexisting thick-thin flat regions. Even though many published studies claim that step size equals intermicellar distance obtained using scattering from bulk solutions, we found no reports of a direct comparison between the two length scales. It is well established that step size is inversely proportional to the cubic root of surfactant concentration but cannot be estimated by adding micelle size to Debye length, as the latter is inversely proportional to the square root of surfactant concentration. In this contribution, we contrast the step size obtained from analysis of nanoscopic thickness variations and transitions in stratifying foam films using Interferometry Digital Imaging Optical Microscopy (IDIOM) protocols, that we developed, with the intermicellar distance obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering. We find that stratification driven by the confinement-induced layering of micelles within the liquid-air interfaces of a foam film provides a sensitive probe of non-DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) supramolecular oscillatory structural forces and micellar interactions.
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10
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Thin liquid films: Where hydrodynamics, capillarity, surface stresses and intermolecular forces meet. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Chatzigiannakis E, Vermant J. Dynamic stabilisation during the drainage of thin film polymer solutions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4790-4803. [PMID: 33870979 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The drainage and rupture of polymer solutions was investigated using a dynamic thin film balance. The polymeric nature of the dissolved molecules leads to significant resistance to the deformation of the thin liquid films. The influence of concentration, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of the dissolved polymer on the lifetime of the films was systematically examined for varying hydrodynamic conditions. Depending on the value of the capillary number and the degree of confinement, different stabilisation mechanisms were observed. For low capillary numbers, the lifetime of the films was the highest for the highly concentrated, narrowly-distributed, low molecular weight polymers. In contrast, at high capillary numbers, the flow-induced concentration differences in the film resulted in lateral osmotic stresses, which caused a dynamic stabilisation of the films and the dependency on molecular weight distribution in particular becomes important. Phenomena such as cyclic dimple formation, vortices, and dimple recoil were observed, the occurrence of which depended on the relative magnitude of the lateral osmotic and the hydrodynamic stresses. The factors which lead to enhanced lifetime of the films as a consequence of these flow instabilities can be used to either stabilise foams or, conversely, prevent foam formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Binks BP, Vishal B. Particle-stabilized oil foams. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 291:102404. [PMID: 33839623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The area of oil foams although important industrially has received little academic attention until the last decade. The early work using molecular surfactants for stabilisation was limited and as such it is difficult to obtain general rules of thumb. Recently however, interest has grown in the area partly fuelled by the understanding gained in the general area of colloidal particles at fluid interfaces. We review the use of solid particles as foaming agents for oil foams in cases where particles (inorganic or polymer) are prepared ex situ and in cases where crystals of surfactant or fat are prepared in situ. There is considerable activity in the latter area which is particularly relevant to the food industry. Discussion of crude oil/lubricating oil foams is excluded from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Badri Vishal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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13
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Kannan A, Shieh IC, Negulescu PG, Chandran Suja V, Fuller GG. Adsorption and Aggregation of Monoclonal Antibodies at Silicone Oil-Water Interfaces. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1656-1665. [PMID: 33656340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies are rapidly growing for the treatment of various diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders. Many mAb drug products are sold as prefilled syringes and vials with liquid formulations. Typically, the walls of prefilled syringes are coated with silicone oil to lubricate the surfaces during use. MAbs are surface-active and adsorb to these silicone oil-solution interfaces, which is a potential source of aggregation. We studied formulations containing two different antibodies, mAb1 and mAb2, where mAb1 aggregated more when agitated in the presence of an oil-water interface. This directly correlated with differences in surface activity of the mAbs, studied with interfacial tension, surface mass adsorption, and interfacial rheology. The difference in interfacial properties between the mAbs was further reinforced in the coalescence behavior of oil droplets laden with mAbs. We also looked at the efficacy of surfactants, typically added to stabilize mAb formulations, in lowering adsorption and aggregation of mAbs at oil-water interfaces. We showed the differences between poloxamer-188 and polysorbate-20 in competing with mAbs for adsorption to interfaces and in lowering particulate and overall aggregation. Our results establish a direct correspondence between the adsorption of mAbs at oil-water interfaces and aggregation and the effect of surfactants in lowering aggregation by competitively adsorbing to these interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadithya Kannan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ian C Shieh
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | - Gerald G Fuller
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Foams of vegetable oils containing long-chain triglycerides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 583:522-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Panckow RP, McHardy C, Rudolph A, Muthig M, Kostova J, Wegener M, Rauh C. Characterization of fast-growing foams in bottling processes by endoscopic imaging and convolutional neural networks. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Chandran Suja V, Rodríguez-Hakim M, Tajuelo J, Fuller GG. Single bubble and drop techniques for characterizing foams and emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 286:102295. [PMID: 33161297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physics of foams and emulsions has traditionally been studied using bulk foam/emulsion tests and single film platforms such as the Scheludko cell. Recently there has been a renewed interest in a third class of techniques that we term as single bubble/drop tests, which employ isolated whole bubbles and drops to probe the characteristics of foams and emulsions. Single bubble and drop techniques provide a convenient framework for investigating a number of important characteristics of foams and emulsions, including the rheology, stabilization mechanisms, and rupture dynamics. In this review we provide a comprehensive discussion of the various single bubble/drop platforms and the associated experimental measurement protocols including the construction of coalescence time distributions, visualization of the thin film profiles and characterization of the interfacial rheological properties. Subsequently, we summarize the recent developments in foam and emulsion science with a focus on the results obtained through single bubble/drop techniques. We conclude the review by presenting important venues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chandran Suja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - M Rodríguez-Hakim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - J Tajuelo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Departamento de Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad Nacional de Eduación a Distancia UNED, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - G G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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17
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Chatzigiannakis E, Veenstra P, Ten Bosch D, Vermant J. Mimicking coalescence using a pressure-controlled dynamic thin film balance. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9410-9422. [PMID: 32785335 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of thin films containing polymer solutions are studied with a pressure-controlled thin film balance. The setup allows the control of both the magnitude and the sign as well as the duration of the pressure drop across the film. The process of coalescence can be thus studied by mimicking the evolution of pressure during the approach and separation of two bubbles. The drainage dynamics, shape evolution and stability of the films were found to depend non-trivially on the magnitude and the duration of the applied pressure. Film dynamics during the application of the negative pressure step are controlled by an interplay between capillarity and hydrodynamics. A negative hydrodynamic pressure gradient promoted the thickening of the film, while the time-dependent deformation of the Plateau border surrounding it caused its local thinning. Distinct regimes in film break-up were thus observed depending on which of these two effects prevailed. Our study provides new insight into the behaviour of films during bubble separation, allows the determination of the optimum conditions for the occurrence of coalescence, and facilitates the improvement of population balance models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Veenstra
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 38000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Ten Bosch
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 38000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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18
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Tran HP, Arangalage M, Jørgensen L, Passade-Boupat N, Lequeux F, Talini L. Understanding Frothing of Liquid Mixtures: A Surfactantlike Effect at the Origin of Enhanced Liquid Film Lifetimes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:178002. [PMID: 33156645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.178002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of froth in mixtures of liquids is well documented, particularly in oil mixtures. However, in nonvolatile liquids and in the absence of surface-active molecules, the origin of increased liquid film lifetimes had not been identified. We suggest a stabilizing mechanism resulting from the nonlinear variations of the surface tension of a liquid mixture with its composition. We report on experimental lifetimes of froths in binary mixtures and show that their variations are well predicted by the suggested mechanism. We demonstrate that it prescribes the thickness reached by films before their slow drainage, a thickness which correlates well with froth lifetimes for both polar and nonpolar liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Tran
- CNRS, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris
| | - M Arangalage
- CNRS, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris
| | - L Jørgensen
- CNRS, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris
| | - N Passade-Boupat
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, Route Départementale 817, 64170 Lacq, France
- Total S.A., 64170 Lacq, France
| | - F Lequeux
- CNRS, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris
| | - L Talini
- CNRS, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris
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19
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Chandran Suja V, Kannan A, Kubicka B, Hadidi A, Fuller GG. Bubble Coalescence at Wormlike Micellar Solution-Air Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11836-11844. [PMID: 32926631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants in aqueous solutions self-assemble in the presence of salt, to form long, flexible, wormlike micelles (WLM). WLM solutions exhibit viscoelastic properties and are used in many applications, such as for cosmetic products, drag reduction, and hydraulic fracturing. Understanding the coalescence stability of bubbles in WLM solutions is important for the development of WLM based products that require a stable dispersion of bubbles. In this paper, we investigate the thin film drainage dynamics leading up to the coalescence of bubbles at flat WLM solution-air interfaces. The salts and surfactant type and concentrations were chosen so as to have the viscoelastic properties of the tested WLM solutions span over 2 orders of magnitude in moduli and relaxation times. The various stages in drainage and coalescence, the formation of a thick region at the apex (a dimple), the thinning and washout of this dimple, and the final stages of drainage before rupture, are modified by the viscoelasticity of the wormlike micellar solutions. As a result of the unique viscoelastic properties of the WLM solutions, we also observe a number of interesting fluid dynamic phenomena during the drainage processes including elastic recoil, thin film ripping, and single-step terminal drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chandran Suja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - A Kannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - B Kubicka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - A Hadidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - G G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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20
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Chatzigiannakis E, Vermant J. Breakup of Thin Liquid Films: From Stochastic to Deterministic. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:158001. [PMID: 33095612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.158001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The thinning and rupture of thin liquid films is a ubiquitous process, controlling the lifetime of bubbles, antibubbles, and droplets. A better understanding of rupture is important for controlling and modeling the stability of multiphase products. Yet literature reports that film breakup can be either stochastic or deterministic. Here, we employ a modified thin film balance to vary the ratio of hydrodynamic to capillary stresses and its role on the dynamics of thin liquid films of polymer solutions with adequate viscosities. Varying the pressure drop across planar films allows us to control the ratio of the two competing timescales, i.e., a controlled hydrodynamic drainage time and a timescale related to fluctuations. The thickness fluctuations are visualized and quantified, and their characteristics are for the first time directly measured experimentally for varying strengths of the flow inside the film. We show how the criteria for rupture depend on the hydrodynamic conditions, changing from stochastic to deterministic as the hydrodynamic forces inside the film damp the fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 5, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Basheva ES, Kralchevsky PA, Danov KD, Stanimirova RD, Shaw N, Petkov JT. Vortex in liquid films from concentrated surfactant solutions containing micelles and colloidal particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:345-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Kamkar M, Bazazi P, Kannan A, Suja VC, Hejazi SH, Fuller GG, Sundararaj U. Polymeric-nanofluids stabilized emulsions: Interfacial versus bulk rheology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Li X, Cheng X, Wu G, Huang J, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Individual and combined effects of frying load and deteriorated polar compounds on the foaming of edible oil. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Atasi O, Legendre D, Haut B, Zenit R, Scheid B. Lifetime of Surface Bubbles in Surfactant Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7749-7764. [PMID: 32510960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of surface bubbles in many natural phenomena and engineering applications, the effect of surfactants on their surface residence time is not clear. Numerous experimental studies and theoretical models exist but a clear understanding of the film drainage phenomena is still lacking. In particular, theoretical work predicting the drainage rate of the thin film between a bubble and the free surface in the presence and absence of surfactants usually makes use of the lubrication theory. On the other hand, in numerous natural situations and experimental works, the bubble approaches the free surface from a certain distance and forms a thin film at a later stage. This article attempts to bridge these two approaches. In particular, in this article, we review these works and compare them to our direct numerical simulations where we study the coupled influence of bubble deformation and surfactants on the rising and drainage process of a bubble beneath a free surface. In the present study, the level-set method is used to capture the air-liquid interfaces, and the transport equation of surfactants is solved in an Eulerian framework. The axisymmetric simulations capture the bubble acceleration, deformation, and rest (or drainage) phases from nondeformable to deformable bubbles, as measured by the Bond number (Bo), and from surfactant-free to surfactant-coated bubbles, as measured by the Langmuir number (La). The results show that the distance h between the bubble and the free surface decays exponentially for surfactant-free interfaces (La = 0), and this decay is faster for nondeformable bubbles (Bo ≪ 1) than for deformable ones (Bo ≫ 1). The presence of surfactants (La > 0) slows the decay of h, exponentially for large bubbles (Bo ≫ 1) and algebraically for small ones (Bo ≪ 1). For Bo ≈ 1, the lifetime is the longest and is associated with the (Marangoni) elasticity of the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Atasi
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Legendre
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Haut
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Roberto Zenit
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Benoit Scheid
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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Hyperspectral imaging for dynamic thin film interferometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11378. [PMID: 32647349 PMCID: PMC7347853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic thin film interferometry is a technique used to non-invasively characterize the thickness of thin liquid films that are evolving in both space and time. Recovering the underlying thickness from the captured interferograms, unconditionally and automatically is still an open problem. Here we report a compact setup employing a snapshot hyperspectral camera and the related algorithms for the automated determination of thickness profiles of dynamic thin liquid films. The proposed technique is shown to recover film thickness profiles to within 100 nm of accuracy as compared to those profiles reconstructed through the manual color matching process. Subsequently, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of hyperspectral interferometry including the increased robustness against imaging noise as well as the ability to perform thickness reconstruction without considering the absolute light intensity information.
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Mossige EJ, Chandran Suja V, Islamov M, Wheeler SF, Fuller GG. Evaporation-induced Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in polymer solutions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190533. [PMID: 32507094 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanics of detrimental convective instabilities in drying polymer solutions is crucial in many applications such as the production of film coatings. It is well known that solvent evaporation in polymer solutions can lead to Rayleigh-Bénard or Marangoni-type instabilities. Here, we reveal another mechanism, namely that evaporation can cause the interface to display Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities due to the build-up of a dense layer at the air-liquid interface. We study experimentally the onset time (tp) of the instability as a function of the macroscopic properties of aqueous polymer solutions, which we tune by varying the polymer concentration (c0), molecular weight and polymer type. In dilute solutions, tp shows two limiting behaviours depending on the polymer diffusivity. For high diffusivity polymers (low molecular weight), the pluming time scales as [Formula: see text]. This result agrees with previous studies on gravitational instabilities in miscible systems where diffusion stabilizes the system. On the other hand, in low diffusivity polymers the pluming time scales as [Formula: see text]. The stabilizing effect of an effective interfacial tension, similar to those in immiscible systems, explains this strong concentration dependence. Above a critical concentration, [Formula: see text], viscosity delays the growth of the instability, allowing time for diffusion to act as the dominant stabilizing mechanism. This results in tp scaling as (ν/c0)2/3. This article is part of the theme issue 'Stokes at 200 (Part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mossige
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V Chandran Suja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Islamov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S F Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Chandran Suja V, Kar A, Cates W, Remmert S, Fuller G. Foam stability in filtered lubricants containing antifoams. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 567:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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