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Wang L, Sheng M, Chen L, Yang F, Li C, Li H, Nie P, Lv X, Guo Z, Cao J, Wang X, Li L, Hu AL, Guan D, Du J, Cui H, Zheng X. Sub-Nanogram Resolution Measurement of Inertial Mass and Density Using Magnetic-Field-Guided Bubble Microthruster. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403867. [PMID: 38773950 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Artificial micro/nanomotors using active particles hold vast potential in applications such as drug delivery and microfabrication. However, upgrading them to micro/nanorobots capable of performing precise tasks with sophisticated functions remains challenging. Bubble microthruster (BMT) is introduced, a variation of the bubble-driven microrobot, which focuses the energy from a collapsing microbubble to create an inertial impact on nearby target microparticles. Utilizing ultra-high-speed imaging, the microparticle mass and density is determined with sub-nanogram resolution based on the relaxation time characterizing the microparticle's transient response. Master curves of the BMT method are shown to be dependent on the viscosity of the solution. The BMT, controlled by a gamepad with magnetic-field guidance, precisely manipulates target microparticles, including bioparticles. Validation involves measuring the polystyrene microparticle mass and hollow glass microsphere density, and assessing the mouse embryo mass densities. The BMT technique presents a promising chip-free, real-time, highly maneuverable strategy that integrates bubble microrobot-based manipulation with precise bioparticle mass and density detection, which can facilitate microscale bioparticle characterizations such as embryo growth monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minjia Sheng
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fengchang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinxin Lv
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jialing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Anthony L Hu
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haihang Cui
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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2
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Xian RP, Brunet J, Huang Y, Wagner WL, Lee PD, Tafforeau P, Walsh CL. A closer look at high-energy X-ray-induced bubble formation during soft tissue imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:566-577. [PMID: 38682274 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752400290x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Improving the scalability of tissue imaging throughput with bright, coherent X-rays requires identifying and mitigating artifacts resulting from the interactions between X-rays and matter. At synchrotron sources, long-term imaging of soft tissues in solution can result in gas bubble formation or cavitation, which dramatically compromises image quality and integrity of the samples. By combining in-line phase-contrast imaging with gas chromatography in real time, we were able to track the onset and evolution of high-energy X-ray-induced gas bubbles in ethanol-embedded soft tissue samples for tens of minutes (two to three times the typical scan times). We demonstrate quantitatively that vacuum degassing of the sample during preparation can significantly delay bubble formation, offering up to a twofold improvement in dose tolerance, depending on the tissue type. However, once nucleated, bubble growth is faster in degassed than undegassed samples, indicating their distinct metastable states at bubble onset. Gas chromatography analysis shows increased solvent vaporization concurrent with bubble formation, yet the quantities of dissolved gasses remain unchanged. By coupling features extracted from the radiographs with computational analysis of bubble characteristics, we uncover dose-controlled kinetics and nucleation site-specific growth. These hallmark signatures provide quantitative constraints on the driving mechanisms of bubble formation and growth. Overall, the observations highlight bubble formation as a critical yet often overlooked hurdle in upscaling X-ray imaging for biological tissues and soft materials and we offer an empirical foundation for their understanding and imaging protocol optimization. More importantly, our approaches establish a top-down scheme to decipher the complex, multiscale radiation-matter interactions in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patrick Xian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Brunet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuze Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter D Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire L Walsh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Bunyatova U, Dogan M, Tekin E, Ferhanoğlu O. Ultra-stable nano-micro bubbles in a biocompatible medium for safe delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5321. [PMID: 38438442 PMCID: PMC10912087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a series of experimental investigations to generate laser-stimulated millimeter bubbles (MBs) around silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and thoroughly examined the mechanism of bubble formation within this nanocomposite system. One crucial aspect we explored was the lifetime and kinetics of these bubbles, given that bubbles generated by plasmonic nanoparticles are known to be transient with short durations. Surprisingly, our findings revealed that the achieved lifetime of these MBs extended beyond seven days. This impressive longevity far surpasses what has been reported in the existing literature. Further analysis of the experimental data uncovered a significant correlation between bubble volume and its lifetime. Smaller bubbles demonstrated longer lifetimes compared to larger ones, which provided valuable insights for future applications. The experimental results not only confirmed the validity of our model and simulations but also highlighted essential characteristics, including extended lifetime, matching absorption coefficients, adherence to physical boundary conditions, and agreement with simulated system parameters. Notably, we generated these MBs around functionalized AgNPs in a biocompatible nanocomposite medium by utilizing low-power light excitation. By readily binding potent cancer drugs to AgNPs through simple physical mixing, these medications can be securely encapsulated within bubbles and precisely guided to targeted locations within the human body. This capability to deliver drugs directly to the tumor site, while minimizing contact with healthy tissues, can lead to improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects, significantly enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Bunyatova
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Facility, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Dogan
- Department of Control and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engincan Tekin
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Ferhanoğlu
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Zhang Q, Mo D, Moon S, Janowitz J, Ringle D, Mays D, Diddle A, Rexroat J, Lee E, Luo T. Bubble nucleation and growth on microstructured surfaces under microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38291056 PMCID: PMC10827752 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of surface bubble formation and growth on heated surfaces holds significant implications for diverse modern technologies. While such investigations are traditionally confined to terrestrial conditions, the expansion of space exploration and economy necessitates insights into thermal bubble phenomena in microgravity. In this work, we conduct experiments in the International Space Station to study surface bubble nucleation and growth in a microgravity environment and compare the results to those on Earth. Our findings reveal significantly accelerated bubble nucleation and growth rates, outpacing the terrestrial rates by up to ~30 times. Our thermofluidic simulations confirm the role of gravity-induced thermal convective flow, which dissipates heat from the substrate surface and thus influences bubble nucleation. In microgravity, the influence of thermal convective flow diminishes, resulting in localized heat at the substrate surface, which leads to faster temperature rise. This unique condition enables quicker bubble nucleation and growth. Moreover, we highlight the influence of surface microstructure geometries on bubble nucleation. Acting as heat-transfer fins, the geometries of the microstructures influence heat transfer from the substrate to the water. Finer microstructures, which have larger specific surface areas, enhance surface-to-liquid heat transfer and thus reduce the rate of surface temperature rise, leading to slower bubble nucleation. Our experimental and simulation results provide insights into thermal bubble dynamics in microgravity, which may help design thermal management solutions and develop bubble-based sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Dongchuan Mo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Seunghyun Moon
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Dan Ringle
- Space Tango, 611 Winchester Rd, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David Mays
- Space Tango, 611 Winchester Rd, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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5
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Gutiérrez-Varela O, Lombard J, Biben T, Santamaria R, Merabia S. Vapor Nanobubbles around Heated Nanoparticles: Wetting Dependence of the Local Fluid Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Nucleation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18263-18275. [PMID: 38061075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanobubbles are composite objects resulting from the interaction between light and metallic nanoparticles immersed in a fluid. Plasmonic nanobubbles have applications in photothermal therapies, drug delivery, microfluidic manipulations, and solar energy conversion. Their early formation is, however, barely characterized due to the short time and length scales relevant to the process. Here, we investigate, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the effect of nanoparticle wettability on both the local fluid thermodynamics and the kinetics of nanobubble generation in water. We first show that the local onset temperature of vapor nucleation decreases with the nanoparticle/water interfacial energy and may be 100 K below the water spinodal temperature in the case of weak nanoparticle/water interactions. Second, we demonstrate that vapor nucleation may be slower in the case of weak water/nanoparticle interactions. This result, which is qualitatively at odds with the predictions of isothermal classical nucleation theory, may be explained by the competition between two antagonist effects: while, classically, hydrophobicity increases the vapor nucleation rate, it also penalizes interfacial thermal transfer, slowing down kinetics. The kinetics of heat transfer from the nanoparticle to water is controlled by the interfacial thermal conductance. This quantity turns out not only to decrease with the nanoparticle hydrophobicity but also drops down prior to phase change, yielding even longer nucleation times. Such conclusions were reached by considering the comparison between MD and continuous heat transfer models. These results put forward the role of nanoparticle wettability in the generation of plasmonic nanobubbles observed experimentally and open the path to the control of boiling using nanopatterned surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gutiérrez-Varela
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 4510, Mexico
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Julien Lombard
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica and Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 4510, Mexico
| | - Thierry Biben
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Ruben Santamaria
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 4510, Mexico
| | - Samy Merabia
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
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6
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Xiang G, Chen J, Ho D, Sankin G, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang K, Dolbow J, Yao J, Zhong P. Shock waves generated by toroidal bubble collapse are imperative for kidney stone dusting during Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106649. [PMID: 37866136 PMCID: PMC10623368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy (LL) has been the treatment of choice for kidney stone disease for more than two decades, yet the mechanisms of action are not completely clear. Besides photothermal ablation, recent evidence suggests that cavitation bubble collapse is pivotal in kidney stone dusting when the Ho:YAG laser operates at low pulse energy (Ep) and high frequency (F). In this work, we perform a comprehensive series of experiments and model-based simulations to dissect the complex physical processes in LL. Under clinically relevant dusting settings (Ep = 0.2 J, F = 20 Hz), our results suggest that majority of the irradiated laser energy (>90 %) is dissipated by heat generation in the fluid surrounding the fiber tip and the irradiated stone surface, while only about 1 % may be consumed for photothermal ablation, and less than 0.7 % is converted into the potential energy at the maximum bubble expansion. We reveal that photothermal ablation is confined locally to the laser irradiation spot, whereas cavitation erosion is most pronounced at a fiber tip-stone surface distance about 0.5 mm where multi foci ring-like damage outside the thermal ablation zone is observed. The cavitation erosion is caused by the progressively intensified collapse of jet-induced toroidal bubble near the stone surface (<100 μm), as a result of Raleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. The ensuing shock wave-stone interaction and resultant leaky Rayleigh waves on the stone surface may lead to dynamic fatigue and superficial material removal under repeated bombardments of toroidal bubble collapses during dusting procedures in LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Xiang
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Current address: Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Junqin Chen
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Derek Ho
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Georgy Sankin
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xuning Zhao
- Dept. of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yangyuanchen Liu
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Dept. of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John Dolbow
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Pei Zhong
- Thomas Lord Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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7
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Li X, Wang F, Xia C, The HL, Bomer JG, Wang Y. Laser Controlled Manipulation of Microbubbles on a Surface with Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticle Array. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302939. [PMID: 37496086 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble generation and manipulation play critical roles in diverse applications such as microfluidic mixing, pumping, and microrobot propulsion. However, existing methods are typically limited to lateral movements on customized substrates or rely on specific liquids with particular properties or designed concentration gradients, thereby hindering their practical applications. To address this challenge, this paper presents a method that enables robust vertical manipulation of microbubbles. By focusing a resonant laser on hydrophilic silica-coated gold nanoparticle arrays immersed in water, plasmonic microbubbles are generated and detach from the substrates immediately upon cessation of laser irradiation. Using simple laser pulse control, it can achieve an adjustable size and frequency of bubble bouncing, which is governed by the movement of the three-phase contact line during surface wetting. Furthermore, it demonstrates that rising bubbles can be pulled back by laser irradiation induced thermal Marangoni flow, which is verified by particle image velocimetry measurements and numerical simulations. This study provides novel insights into flexible bubble manipulation and integration in microfluidics, with significant implications for various applications including mixing, drug delivery, and the development of soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Li
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Fulong Wang
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Xia
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hai Le The
- BIOS Lab-on-a-chip, University of Twente, Enschede, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, The Netherlands
- Physics of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, University of Twente, Enschede, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Bomer
- BIOS Lab-on-a-chip, University of Twente, Enschede, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo, 315832, P. R. China
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8
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Tang J, Hu R, Liu H, Mo Z, Sun L. Numerical investigation of thermally controlled bubble condensation near a solid wall. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Direct measuring of single-heterogeneous bubble nucleation mediated by surface topology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205827119. [PMID: 35858338 PMCID: PMC9303989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205827119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation is one of the most fundamental interfacial processes ranging from nature to technology. There is excellent evidence that surface topology is important in directing heterogeneous nucleation; however, deep understanding of the energetics by which nanoscale architectures promote nucleation is still challenging. Herein, we report a direct and quantitative measurement of single-bubble nucleation on a single silica nanoparticle within a microsized droplet using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. Local gas concentration at nucleation is determined from finite element simulation at the corresponding faradaic current of the peak-featured voltammogram. It is demonstrated that the criteria gas concentration for nucleation first drops and then rises with increasing nanoparticle radius. An optimum nanoparticle radius around 10 nm prominently expedites the nucleation by facilitating the special topological nanoconfinements that consequently catalyze the nucleation. Moreover, the experimental result is corroborated by our theoretical calculations of free energy change based on the classic nucleation theory. This study offers insights into the impact of surface topology on heterogenous nucleation that have not been previously observed.
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10
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Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071068. [PMID: 35888885 PMCID: PMC9324494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.
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11
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Laser-Induced Plasmonic Nanobubbles and Microbubbles in Gold Nanorod Colloidal Solution. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071154. [PMID: 35407272 PMCID: PMC9000872 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the initiated plasmonic nanobubbles and the follow-up microbubble in gold nanorod (GNR) colloidal solution induced by a pulsed laser. Owing to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced photothermal effect of GNR, several nanobubbles are initiated at the beginning of illumination and then to trigger the optical breakdown of water at the focal spot of a laser beam. Consequently, microbubble generation is facilitated; the threshold of pulsed laser energy is significantly reduced for the generation of microbubbles in water with the aid of GNRs. We used a probing He-Ne laser with a photodetector and an ultrasonic transducer to measure and investigate the dynamic formations of nanobubbles and the follow-up microbubble in GNR colloids. Two wavelengths (700 nm and 980 nm) of pulsed laser beams are used to irradiate two kinds of dilute GNR colloids with different longitudinal SPRs (718 nm and 966 nm). By characterizing the optical and photoacoustic signals, three types of microbubbles are identified: a single microbubble, a coalesced microbubble of multiple microbubbles, and a splitting microbubble. The former is caused by a single breakdown, whereas the latter two are caused by discrete and series-connected multiple breakdowns, respectively. We found that the thresholds of pulsed energy to induce different types of microbubbles are reduced as the concentration of GNRs increases, particularly when the wavelength of the laser is in the near-infrared (NIR) region and close to the SPR of GNRs. This advantage of a dilute GNR colloid facilitating the laser-induced microbubble in the NIR range of the bio-optical window could make biomedical applications available. Our study may provide an insight into the relationship between plasmonic nanobubbles and the triggered microbubbles.
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12
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Jet injectors: Perspectives for small volume delivery with lasers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114109. [PMID: 34998902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Needle-free jet injectors have been proposed as an alternative to injections with hypodermic needles. Currently, a handful of commercial needle-free jet injectors already exist. However, these injectors are designed for specific injections, typically limited to large injection volumes into the deeper layers beneath the skin. There is growing evidence of advantages when delivering small volumes into the superficial skin layers, namely the epidermis and dermis. Injections such as vaccines and insulin would benefit from delivery into these superficial layers. Furthermore, the same technology for small volume needle-free injections can serve (medical) tattooing as well as other personalized medicine treatments. The research dedicated to needle-free jet injectors actuated by laser energy has increased in the last decade. In this case, the absorption of the optical energy by the liquid results in an explosively growing bubble. This bubble displaces the rest of the liquid, resulting in a fast microfluidic jet which can penetrate the skin. This technique allows for precise control over volumes (pL to µL) and penetration depths (µm to mm). Furthermore, these injections can be tuned without changing the device, by varying parameters such as laser power, beam diameter and filling level of the liquid container. Despite the published research on the working principles and capabilities of individual laser-actuated jet injectors, a thorough overview encompassing all of them is lacking. In this perspective, we will discuss the current status of laser-based jet injectors and contrast their advantages and limitations, as well as their potential and challenges.
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13
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Abstract
Progress in optical manipulation has stimulated remarkable advances in a wide range of fields, including materials science, robotics, medical engineering, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on an emerging class of optical manipulation techniques, termed heat-mediated optical manipulation. In comparison to conventional optical tweezers that rely on a tightly focused laser beam to trap objects, heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques exploit tailorable optothermo-matter interactions and rich mass transport dynamics to enable versatile control of matter of various compositions, shapes, and sizes. In addition to conventional tweezing, more distinct manipulation modes, including optothermal pulling, nudging, rotating, swimming, oscillating, and walking, have been demonstrated to enhance the functionalities using simple and low-power optics. We start with an introduction to basic physics involved in heat-mediated optical manipulation, highlighting major working mechanisms underpinning a variety of manipulation techniques. Next, we categorize the heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques based on different working mechanisms and discuss working modes, capabilities, and applications for each technique. We conclude this Review with our outlook on current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field of heat-mediated optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Accessing the spatiotemporal heterogeneities of single nanocatalysts by optically imaging gas nanobubbles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Zhang Z, Qiang J, Wang S, Xu M, Gan M, Rao Z, Tian T, Ke S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Leung CW, Mak CL, Fei L. Visualization of Bubble Nucleation and Growth Confined in 2D Flakes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103301. [PMID: 34473395 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of bubbles within a solid matrix is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects many natural and synthetic processes. However, such a bubbling process is almost "invisible" to common characterization methods because it has an intrinsically multiphased nature and occurs on very short time/length scales. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy to explore the decomposition of a solid precursor that emits gaseous byproducts, the direct observation of a complete nanoscale bubbling process confined in ultrathin 2D flakes is presented here. This result suggests a three-step pathway for bubble formation in the confined environment: void formation via spinodal decomposition, bubble nucleation from the spherization of voids, and bubble growth by coalescence. Furthermore, the systematic kinetics analysis based on COMSOL simulations shows that bubble growth is actually achieved by developing metastable or unstable necks between neighboring bubbles before coalescing into one. This thorough understanding of the bubbling mechanism in a confined geometry has implications for refining modern nucleation theories and controlling bubble-related processes in the fabrication of advanced materials (i.e., topological porous materials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shensong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro- & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Zhenggang Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Tingfang Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Shanming Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yangbo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yongming Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro- & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chee Leung Mak
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
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16
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Li X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chong KL, Verzicco R, Zandvliet HJW, Lohse D. Droplet plume emission during plasmonic bubble growth in ternary liquids. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:025101. [PMID: 34525659 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.025101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic bubbles are of great relevance in numerous applications, including catalytic reactions, micro/nanomanipulation of molecules or particles dispersed in liquids, and cancer therapeutics. So far, studies have been focused on bubble nucleation in pure liquids. Here we investigate plasmonic bubble nucleation in ternary liquids consisting of ethanol, water, and trans-anethole oil, which can show the so-called ouzo effect. We find that oil (trans-anethole) droplet plumes are produced around the growing plasmonic bubbles. The nucleation of the microdroplets and their organization in droplet plumes is due to the symmetry breaking of the ethanol concentration field during the selective evaporation of ethanol from the surrounding ternary liquids into the growing plasmonic bubbles. Numerical simulations show the existence of a critical Marangoni number Ma (the ratio between solutal advection rate and the diffusion rate), above which the symmetry breaking of the ethanol concentration field occurs, leading to the emission of the droplet plumes. The numerical results agree with the experimental observation that more plumes are emitted with increasing ethanol-water relative weight ratios and hence Ma. Our findings on the droplet plume formation reveal the rich phenomena of plasmonic bubble nucleation in multicomponent liquids and help to pave the way to achieve enhanced mixing in multicomponent liquids in chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Li
- Physics of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Chen
- Physics of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Leong Chong
- Physics of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Verzicco
- Physics of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata,' Roma 00133, Italy.,Gran Sasso Science Institute-Viale F. Crispi, 7 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Harold J W Zandvliet
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Zhang Q, Li R, Lee E, Luo T. Optically Driven Gold Nanoparticles Seed Surface Bubble Nucleation in Plasmonic Suspension. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5485-5492. [PMID: 33939430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal surface bubbles play important roles in applications like microfluidics and biosensing, but their formation on transparent substrates immersed in a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) suspension has an unknown origin. Here, we reveal NPs deposited on the transparent substrate by optical forces are responsible for the nucleation of such photothermal surface bubbles. We show the surface bubble formation is always preceded by the optically driven NPs moving toward and deposited to the surface. Interestingly, such optically driven motion can happen both along and against the photon stream. The laser power density thresholds to form a surface bubble drastically differ depending on if the surface is forward- or backward-facing the light propagation direction. We attributed this to different optical power densities needed to enable optical pulling and pushing of NPs in the suspension, as optical pulling requires higher light intensity to excite supercavitation around NPs to enable proper optical configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Center for Sustainable Energy of Notre Dame (ND Energy), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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18
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Periodic bouncing of a plasmonic bubble in a binary liquid by competing solutal and thermal Marangoni forces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103215118. [PMID: 34088844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103215118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical hydrodynamics of bubbles and droplets out of equilibrium, in particular with phase transitions, display surprisingly rich and often counterintuitive phenomena. Here we experimentally and theoretically study the nucleation and early evolution of plasmonic bubbles in a binary liquid consisting of water and ethanol. Remarkably, the submillimeter plasmonic bubble is found to be periodically attracted to and repelled from the nanoparticle-decorated substrate, with frequencies of around a few kilohertz. We identify the competition between solutal and thermal Marangoni forces as the origin of the periodic bouncing. The former arises due to the selective vaporization of ethanol at the substrate's side of the bubble, leading to a solutal Marangoni flow toward the hot substrate, which pushes the bubble away. The latter arises due to the temperature gradient across the bubble, leading to a thermal Marangoni flow away from the substrate, which sucks the bubble toward it. We study the dependence of the frequency of the bouncing phenomenon from the control parameters of the system, namely the ethanol fraction and the laser power for the plasmonic heating. Our findings can be generalized to boiling and electrolytically or catalytically generated bubbles in multicomponent liquids.
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19
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Abstract
Nanofabrication is one of the core techniques in rapidly evolving nanoscience and nanotechnology. Conventional top-down nanofabrication approaches such as photolithography and electron beam lithography can produce high-resolution nanostructures in a robust way. However, these methods usually involve multistep processing and sophisticated instruments and have difficulty in fabricating three-dimensional complex structures of multiple materials and reconfigurability. Recently, bottom-up techniques have emerged as promising alternatives to fabricating nanostructures via the assembly of individual building blocks. In comparison to top-down lithographical methods, bottom-up assembly features the on-demand construction of superstructures with controllable configurations at single-particle resolution. The size, shape, and composition of chemically synthesized building blocks can also be precisely tailored down to the atomic scale to fabricate multimaterial architectural structures of high flexibility. Many techniques have been reported to assemble individual nanoparticles into complex structures, such as self-assembly, DNA nanotechnology, patchy colloids, and optically controlled assembly. Among them, the optically controlled assembly has the advantages of remote control, site-specific manipulation of single components, applicability to a wide range of building blocks, and arbitrary configurations of the assembled structures. In this Account, we provide a concise review of our contributions to the optical assembly of architectural materials and structures using discrete nanoparticles as the building blocks. By exploiting entropically favorable optothermal conversion and controlling optothermal-matter interactions, we have developed optothermal assembly techniques to manipulate and assemble individual nanoparticles. Our techniques can be operated both in solution and on solid substrates. First, we discuss the opto-thermoelectric assembly (OTA) of colloidal particles into superstructures by coordinating thermophoresis and interparticle depletion bonding in the solution. Localized laser heating generates a temperature gradient field, where the thermal migration of ions creates a thermoelectric field to trap charged particles. The depletion of ion species at the gap between closely positioned particles under optical heating provides strong interparticle bonding to stabilize colloidal superstructures with precisely controlled configurations and interparticle distances. Second, we discuss bubble-pen lithography (BPL) for the rapid printing of nanoparticles using an optothermal microbubble. The long-range convection flow induced by the optothermal bubble drags the colloidal particles to the substrate with a high velocity. BPL represents a general method for printing all kinds of building blocks into desired patterns in a high-resolution and high-throughput way. Third, we present the optothermally-gated photon nudging (OPN) technique, which manipulates and assembles particles on a solid substrate. Our solid-phase optical control of particles synergizes the modulation of particle-substrate interactions by optothermal effects and photon nudging of the particles by optical scattering forces. Operated on the solid surfaces without liquid media, OPN can avoid the undesired Brownian motion of nanoparticles in solutions to manipulate individual particles with high accuracy. In addition, the assembled structures can be actively reassembled into new configurations for the fabrication of tunable functional devices. Next, we discuss applications of the optothermally assembled nanostructures in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, color displays, biomolecule sensing, and fundamental research. Finally, we conclude this Account with our perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and future directions in the development and application of optothermal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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20
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Elkarkri Y, Li X, Zeng B, Lian Z, Zhou J, Wang Y. Laser photonic nanojets triggered thermoplasmonic micro/nanofabrication of polymer materials for enhanced resolution. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:145301. [PMID: 33316785 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd35b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanofabrication of polymer materials is of interest for micro/nanofluidic systems. Due to the optical diffraction limit, it remains a challenge to achieve nanoscale resolution fabrication using an ordinary continuous-wave laser system. In this study, we therefore propose a laser photonic nanojet-based micro/nanofabrication method for polymer materials using a low-power and low-cost continuous-wave laser. The photonic nanojets were produced using glass microspheres. Moreover, a thermoplasmonic effect was employed by depositing a gold layer beneath the polymer films. By applying the photonic nanojet triggered thermoplasmonics, sub-micrometer surface structures, as well as their arrays, were fabricated with a laser power threshold value down to 10 mW. The influences of the microsphere diameters, and thicknesses of gold layers and polymer films on the fabricated microstructures were systematically investigated, which aligns well with the finite-difference time-domain simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Elkarkri
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolai Li
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglin Zeng
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lian
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang Y, Yuan T, Su H, Zhou K, Yin L, Wang W. A Bubble-STORM Approach for Super-Resolved Imaging of Nucleation Sites in Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. ACS Sens 2021; 6:380-386. [PMID: 32786392 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a powerful strategy to achieve super-resolved imaging of biological structures by virtue of the stochastic photoactivation of fluorophores and superlocalization algorithm. Herein, we report a fluorophore-free bubble-STORM approach for super-resolved imaging of nucleation sites in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). When applying an appropriate pulse potential to the electrode, rapid electro-reduction of protons created a local oversaturation of hydrogen molecules and thus the nucleation of sparsely distributed hydrogen nanobubbles. A surface plasmon resonance microscopy was employed to monitor the process and report the localization of each nanobubble via superlocalization fitting. The withdrawal of electrode potential, or the microconvection, led to the immediate disappearance of nanobubbles and recovered the electrode surface before the next pulse. By repeating the procedures for thousands of cycles, one was able to reconstruct a map of nucleation sites with a spatial resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. This approach does not require a model fluorogenic reaction or fluorescent labeling to the nanobubbles, thus revealing the intrinsic nucleation sites in the natural states. Our results further indicated the fast growth, coalescence, and detachment behaviors of nanobubbles on a time scale of sub-milliseconds, underscoring the significance of high temporal resolution for studying nanobubble nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tinglian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linliang Yin
- Olympus (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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22
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An S, Ranaweera R, Luo L. Harnessing bubble behaviors for developing new analytical strategies. Analyst 2021; 145:7782-7795. [PMID: 33107897 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gas bubbles are easily accessible and offer many unique characteristic properties of a gas/liquid two-phase system for developing new analytical methods. In this minireview, we discuss the newly developed analytical strategies that harness the behaviors of bubbles. Recent advancements include the utilization of the gas/liquid interfacial activity of bubbles for detection and preconcentration of surface-active compounds; the employment of the gas phase properties of bubbles for acoustic imaging and detection, microfluidic analysis, electrochemical sensing, and emission spectroscopy; and the application of the mass transport behaviors at the gas/liquid interface in gas sensing, biosensing, and nanofluidics. These studies have demonstrated the versatility of gas bubbles as a platform for developing new analytical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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23
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Trout CJ, Clapp JA, Griepenburg JC. Plasmonic carriers responsive to pulsed laser irradiation: a review of mechanisms, design, and applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on interactions which govern release from plasmonic carrier systems including liposomes, polymersomes, and nanodroplets under pulsed irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J. Trout
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University-Camden, 227 Penn Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Rutgers University-Newark, 101 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Jamie A. Clapp
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Julianne C. Griepenburg
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University-Camden, 227 Penn Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, NJ 08102, USA
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24
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Jones S, Andrén D, Antosiewicz TJ, Stilgoe A, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Käll M. Strong Transient Flows Generated by Thermoplasmonic Bubble Nucleation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17468-17475. [PMID: 33290656 PMCID: PMC7760215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of inducing and controlling localized fluid flows for generic force actuation and for achieving efficient mass transport in microfluidics is key to the development of next-generation miniaturized systems for chemistry and life sciences. Here we demonstrate a methodology for the robust generation and precise quantification of extremely strong flow transients driven by vapor bubble nucleation on spatially isolated plasmonic nanoantennas excited by light. The system is capable of producing peak flow speeds of the order mm/s at modulation rates up to ∼100 Hz in water, thus allowing for a variety of high-throughput applications. Analysis of flow dynamics and fluid viscosity dependence indicates that the transient originates in the rapid bubble expansion that follows nucleation rather than being strictly thermocapillary in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Stilgoe
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Queensland, Saint
Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Queensland, Saint
Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Zeng B, Wang Y, Zaytsev ME, Xia C, Zandvliet HJW, Lohse D. Giant plasmonic bubbles nucleation under different ambient pressures. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:063109. [PMID: 33466073 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.063109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Water-immersed gold nanoparticles irradiated by a laser can trigger the nucleation of plasmonic bubbles after a delay time of a few microseconds [Wang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 122, 9253 (2018)]. Here we systematically investigated the light-vapor conversion efficiency, η, of these plasmonic bubbles as a function of the ambient pressure. The efficiency of the formation of these initial-phase and mainly water-vapor containing bubbles, which is defined as the ratio of the energy that is required to form the vapor bubbles and the total energy dumped in the gold nanoparticles before nucleation of the bubble by the laser, can be as high as 25%. The amount of vaporized water first scales linearly with the total laser energy dumped in the gold nanoparticles before nucleation, but for larger energies the amount of vaporized water levels off. The efficiency η decreases with increasing ambient pressure. The experimental observations can be quantitatively understood within a theoretical framework based on the thermal diffusion equation and the thermal dynamics of the phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Zeng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Mikhail E Zaytsev
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Chenliang Xia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Harold J W Zandvliet
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Li X, Wang Y, Zeng B, Detert M, Prosperetti A, Zandvliet HJW, Lohse D. Plasmonic Microbubble Dynamics in Binary Liquids. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8631-8637. [PMID: 32960058 PMCID: PMC7569674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth of surface plasmonic microbubbles in binary water/ethanol solutions is experimentally studied. The microbubbles are generated by illuminating a gold nanoparticle array with a continuous wave laser. Plasmonic bubbles exhibit ethanol concentration-dependent behaviors. For low ethanol concentrations (fe) of ≲67.5%, bubbles do not exist at the solid-liquid interface. For high fe values of ≳80%, the bubbles behave as in pure ethanol. Only in an intermediate window of 67.5% ≲ fe ≲ 80% do we find sessile plasmonic bubbles with a highly nontrivial temporal evolution, in which as a function of time three phases can be discerned. (1) In the first phase, the microbubbles grow, while wiggling. (2) As soon as the wiggling stops, the microbubbles enter the second phase in which they suddenly shrink, followed by (3) a steady reentrant growth phase. Our experiments reveal that the sudden shrinkage of the microbubbles in the second regime is caused by a depinning event of the three-phase contact line. We systematically vary the ethanol concentration, laser power, and laser spot size to unravel water recondensation as the underlying mechanism of the sudden bubble shrinkage in phase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Li
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Robotics
Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Robotics
Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Binglin Zeng
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Robotics
Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Marvin Detert
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Prosperetti
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J. W. Zandvliet
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Lajoinie G, Visscher M, Blazejewski E, Veldhuis G, Versluis M. Three-phase vaporization theory for laser-activated microcapsules. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 19:100185. [PMID: 32775197 PMCID: PMC7399189 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precision control of vaporization, both in space and time, is critical for numerous applications, including medical imaging and therapy, catalysis and energy conversion, and it can be greatly improved through the use of micro- or nano-sized light absorbers. Ultimately, optimization of these applications also requires a fundamental understanding of the vaporization process. Upon laser irradiation, polymeric microcapsules containing a dye can vaporize, leading to the growth of a vapor bubble that emits a strong acoustic signature. Here, we compare laser-activated capsules containing either a volatile or a non-volatile oil core. We theoretically explore the vaporization of the capsules based on a three-phase thermodynamics model, that accounts for the partial vaporization of both the surrounding fluid and the oil core as well as for the interaction between heat transfer and microbubble growth. The model is compared to ultra-high-speed imaging experiments, where we record the cavitation events. Theory and experiments are in convincing agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Visscher
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Blazejewski
- Nanomi Monosphere Technology, Zutphenstraat 51, 7575 EJ Oldenzaal, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Veldhuis
- Nanomi Monosphere Technology, Zutphenstraat 51, 7575 EJ Oldenzaal, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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28
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Zhang Q, Neal RD, Huang D, Neretina S, Lee E, Luo T. Surface Bubble Growth in Plasmonic Nanoparticle Suspension. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26680-26687. [PMID: 32402195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth dynamics of the microbubbles produced by plasmonic heating can benefit a wide range of applications like microfluidics, catalysis, micropatterning, and photothermal energy conversion. Usually, surface plasmonic bubbles are generated on plasmonic structures predeposited on the surface subject to laser heating. In this work, we investigate the growth dynamics of surface microbubbles generated in plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) suspension. We observe much faster bubble growth rates compared to those in pure water with surface plasmonic structures. Our analyses show that the volumetric heating effect around the surface bubble due to the existence of NPs in the suspension is the key to explaining this difference. Such volumetric heating increases the temperature around the surface bubble more efficiently compared to surface heating which enhances the expelling of dissolved gas. We also find that the bubble growth rates can be tuned in a very wide range by changing the concentration of NPs, besides laser power and dissolved gas concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Robert Douglas Neal
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dezhao Huang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Svetlana Neretina
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Center for Sustainable Energy of Notre Dame (ND Energy), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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29
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Zhang R, Mei RA, Botto L, Yang Z. Modified Voronoi Analysis of Spontaneous Formation of Interfacial Droplets on Immersed Oil-Solid Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5400-5407. [PMID: 32337992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of liquid droplets on solid substrates have received much attention because of the significant relevance of these multiphase processes to both nature and practical applications. There have been extensive studies on the condensation of water from the air phase on solid substrates. Here, we focus on water diffusion through the oil phase and subsequent settlement on solid substrates because such interfacial droplets are formed. Voronoi diagram analysis is proposed to statistically characterize the size distribution of the growing droplets. It is found that modification of the standard Voronoi diagram is required for systems of interfacial droplets which have a noncircular shape and/or whose centers change with time. The modified Voronoi analysis of the growing droplets provides an automatic quantification of the droplet distribution and reveals that (i) during the nucleation stage, the interfacial droplets do not nucleate at the same time because the nucleation of newly formed droplets competes with the growth of the existing ones; (ii) the growth of interfacial droplets comes from water diffusion from the bulk water layer, and/or from adjacent interfacial droplets, and/or from coalescence of interfacial droplets; and (iii) the sizes of interfacial droplets become more polydispersed on P-glass but more monodispersed on OTS-glass as time goes. This work opens a new perspective on the formation of interfacial droplets at the interface between oil and the solid substrate and demonstrates the capability of an automatic analysis method, which can be potentially applied to similar interfacial multiphase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Andy Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft 2628 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Fajrial AK, He QQ, Wirusanti NI, Slansky JE, Ding X. A review of emerging physical transfection methods for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Theranostics 2020; 10:5532-5549. [PMID: 32373229 PMCID: PMC7196308 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a versatile technique in biomedicine that promotes fundamental research as well as clinical therapy. The development of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) as a genome editing machinery has accelerated the application of gene editing. However, the delivery of CRISPR components often suffers when using conventional transfection methods, such as viral transduction and chemical vectors, due to limited packaging size and inefficiency toward certain cell types. In this review, we discuss physical transfection methods for CRISPR gene editing which can overcome these limitations. We outline different types of physical transfection methods, highlight novel techniques to deliver CRISPR components, and emphasize the role of micro and nanotechnology to improve transfection performance. We present our perspectives on the limitations of current technology and provide insights on the future developments of physical transfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K. Fajrial
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Qing Qing He
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nurul I. Wirusanti
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherland
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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31
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Pu JH, Sun J, Wang W, Wang HS. Generation and Evolution of Nanobubbles on Heated Nanoparticles: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2375-2382. [PMID: 32011891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the generation and evolution of nanobubbles on heated gold-like nanoparticles (GNPs). The effects of surface wettability (β) and heating intensity (Q) of the GNPs are studied. We found that nanobubbles are generated faster on the superhydrophobic GNP than on the superhydrophilic GNP where nanobubble formation appears after a delay. In the case of the superhydrophilic GNP, the nanobubble is observed to grow explosively because it is initially generated at a distance from the GNP surface instead of on its surface. In the case of the superhydrophobic GNP, the faster generation of the nanobubble is promoted by the larger temperature difference between the GNP and the surrounding fluid and an ultrathin low-density layer that exists before the GNP is heated. For a given β, faster generation and growth of nanobubbles are observed with increasing Q. Furthermore, the maximum radius of the nanobubble is found to be dependent on β and not Q. The mechanism is elaborated based on the thermal resistance analysis at the melting point of GNPs. Additionally, it was found that there exists a threshold Q for nanobubble generation and the threshold value for the case of the superhydrophobic GNP is lower than that for the case of the superhydrophilic GNP. The present results have demonstrated that the superhydrophobic GNP is favorable for fast and energy-saving nanobubble generation. Our work provides further understanding in the generation and evolution of nanobubbles and potentially offers a new insight for nanobubble manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huan Pu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Hua Sheng Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
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32
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Detert M, Zeng B, Wang Y, Le The H, Zandvliet HJW, Lohse D. Plasmonic Bubble Nucleation in Binary Liquids. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:2591-2597. [PMID: 32030112 PMCID: PMC6996646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles under laser irradiation can produce enormous heat due to surface plasmon resonance. When submerged in a liquid, this can lead to the nucleation of plasmonic bubbles. In the very early stage, the nucleation of a giant vapor bubble was observed with an ultrahigh-speed camera. In this study, the formation of this giant bubble on gold nanoparticles in six binary liquid combinations has been investigated. We find that the time delay between the beginning of the laser heating and the bubble nucleation is determined by the absolute amount of dissolved gas in the liquid. Moreover, the bubble volume mainly depends on the vaporization energy of the liquid, consisting of the latent heat of vaporization and the energy needed to reach the boiling temperature. Our results contribute to controlling the initial giant bubble nucleation and have strong bearings on applications of such bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Detert
- Physics of Fluids,
Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute,
and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Binglin Zeng
- Physics of Fluids,
Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute,
and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hai Le The
- Physics of Fluids,
Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute,
and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Harold J. W. Zandvliet
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids,
Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute,
and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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33
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Kavokine N, Zou S, Liu R, Niguès A, Zou B, Bocquet L. Ultrafast photomechanical transduction through thermophoretic implosion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:50. [PMID: 31898691 PMCID: PMC6940389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the historical experiments of Crookes, the direct manipulation of matter by light has been both a challenge and a source of scientific debate. Here we show that laser illumination allows to displace a vial of nanoparticle solution over centimetre-scale distances. Cantilever-based force measurements show that the movement is due to millisecond-long force spikes, which are synchronised with a sound emission. We observe that the nanoparticles undergo negative thermophoresis, and ultrafast imaging reveals that the force spikes are followed by the explosive growth of a bubble in the solution. We propose a mechanism accounting for the propulsion based on a thermophoretic instability of the nanoparticle cloud, analogous to the Jeans’s instability that occurs in gravitational systems. Our experiments demonstrate a new type of laser propulsion and a remarkably violent actuation of soft matter, reminiscent of the strategy used by certain plants to propel their spores. Here, the authors observe that laser illumination allows to displace a vial of nanoparticle solution over centimetre-scale distances. In order to explain this, they describe a novel mechanism for laser propulsion of a macroscopic object, based on light-induced thermophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kavokine
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shuangyang Zou
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Antoine Niguès
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Lab of Featured Metal Resources Utilization and Advanced Materials, School of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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34
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Jones S, Andrén D, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M. Ultrafast Modulation of Thermoplasmonic Nanobubbles in Water. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8294-8302. [PMID: 31647867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-optically generated bubbles in water provide a powerful means for active matter control in microfluidic environments. These bubbles are often formed via continuous-wave illumination of an absorbing medium resulting in bubble nucleation via vaporization of water and subsequent bubble growth from the inward diffusion of gas molecules. However, to date, such bubbles tend to be several microns in diameter, resulting in slow dissipation. This limits the dynamic rate, spatial precision, and throughput of operation in any application. Here we show that isolated plasmonic structures can be utilized as highly localized heating elements to generate thermoplasmonic nanobubbles that can be modulated at frequencies up to several kilohertz in water, orders of magnitude faster than previously demonstrated for microbubbles. The nanobubbles are envisioned as advantageous localized active manipulation elements for high throughput microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
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35
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Li X, Wang Y, Zaytsev ME, Lajoinie G, Le The H, Bomer JG, Eijkel JCT, Zandvliet HJW, Zhang X, Lohse D. Plasmonic Bubble Nucleation and Growth in Water: Effect of Dissolved Air. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:23586-23593. [PMID: 31583035 PMCID: PMC6768170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Under continuous laser irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles immersed in water can quickly heat up, leading to the nucleation of so-called plasmonic bubbles. In this work, we want to further understand the bubble nucleation and growth mechanism. In particular, we quantitatively study the effect of the amount of dissolved air on the bubble nucleation and growth dynamics, both for the initial giant bubble, which forms shortly after switching on the laser and is mainly composed of vapor, and for the final life phase of the bubble, during which it mainly contains air expelled from water. We found that the bubble nucleation temperature depends on the gas concentration: the higher the gas concentration, the lower the bubble nucleation temperature. Also, the long-term diffusion-dominated bubble growth is governed by the gas concentration. The radius of the bubbles grows as R(t) ∝ t 1/3 for air-equilibrated and air-oversaturated water. In contrast, in partially degassed water, the growth is much slower since, even for the highest temperature we achieve, the water remains undersaturated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Li
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Robotics Institute,
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang
University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Robotics Institute,
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation and Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang
University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- E-mail: (Y.W.)
| | - Mikhail E. Zaytsev
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hai Le The
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Bomer
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J. W. Zandvliet
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics
of Fluids, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics
and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Mechanics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre, and BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- E-mail: (D.L.)
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36
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Abstract
Nanostructured devices are able to foster the technology for cell membrane poration. With the size smaller than a cell, nanostructures allow efficient poration on the cell membrane. Emerging nanostructures with various physical transduction have been demonstrated to accommodate effective intracellular delivery. Aside from improving poration and intracellular delivery performance, nanostructured devices also allow for the discovery of novel physiochemical phenomena and the biological response of the cell. This article provides a brief introduction to the principles of nanostructured devices for cell poration and outlines the intracellular delivery capability of the technology. In the future, we envision more exploration on new nanostructure designs and creative applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309 United States of America
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37
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Measuring the activation energy barrier for the nucleation of single nanosized vapor bubbles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12678-12683. [PMID: 31189597 PMCID: PMC6600916 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903259116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation is one of the most fundamental interfacial processes that has received broad interest from diverse fields of physics and chemistry. While most studies focused on large microbubbles, here we employed a surface plasmon resonance microscopy to measure the nucleation rate constant and activation energy barrier of single nanosized embryo vapor bubbles upon heating a flat gold film with a focused laser beam. Image analysis allowed for simultaneously determining the local temperature and local nucleation rate constant from the same batch of optical images. By analyzing the dependence of nucleation rate constant on temperature, we were able to calculate the local activation energy barrier within a submicrometer spot. Scanning the substrate further led to a nucleation rate map with a spatial resolution of 100 nm, which revealed no correlation with the local roughness. These results indicate that facet structure and surface chemistry, rather than geometrical roughness, regulated the activation energy barrier for heterogeneous nucleation of embryo nanobubbles.
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Zhu YI, Yoon H, Zhao AX, Emelianov SY. Leveraging the Imaging Transmit Pulse to Manipulate Phase-Change Nanodroplets for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:692-700. [PMID: 30703017 PMCID: PMC6545583 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2895248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change perfluorohexane nanodroplets (PFHnDs) are a new class of recondensable submicrometer-sized contrast agents that have potential for contrast-enhanced and super-resolution ultrasound imaging with an ability to reach extravascular targets. The PFHnDs can be optically triggered to undergo vaporization, resulting in spatially stationary, temporally transient microbubbles. The vaporized PFHnDs are hyperechoic in ultrasound imaging for several to hundreds of milliseconds before recondensing to their native, hypoechoic, liquid nanodroplet state. The decay of echogenicity, i.e., the dynamic behavior of the ultrasound signal from optically triggered PFHnDs in ultrasound imaging, can be captured using high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging. We explore the possibility to manipulate the echogenicity dynamics of optically triggered PFHnDs in ultrasound imaging by changing the phase of the ultrasound imaging pulse. Specifically, the ultrasound imaging system was programmed to transmit two imaging pulses with inverse polarities. We show that the imaging pulse phase can affect the amplitude and the temporal behavior of PFHnD echogenicity in ultrasound imaging. The results of this study demonstrate that the ultrasound echogenicity is significantly increased (about 78% improvement) and the hyperechoic timespan of optically triggered PFHnDs is significantly longer (about four times) if the nanodroplets are imaged by an ultrasound pulse starting with rarefactional pressure versus a pulse starting with compressional pressure. Our finding has direct and significant implications for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of droplets in applications such as super-resolution imaging and molecular imaging where detection of individual or low-concentration PFHnDs is required.
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