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Bahmani M, Juhász A, Bose U, Nye-Wood MG, Blundell M, Howitt CA, Colgrave ML. From grain to malt: Tracking changes of ultra-low-gluten barley storage proteins after malting. Food Chem 2024; 432:137189. [PMID: 37619393 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal crop produced globally. Hordeins, the major storage proteins in barley, can trigger immune responses leading to celiac disease or symptoms associated with food allergy. Here, proteomics approaches were employed to investigate the proteome level changes of grain and malt from the malting barley cultivar, Sloop, and single-, double- and triple hordein-reduced lines. The triple hordein-reduced line is an ultra-low gluten barley cultivar, Kebari®. Using discovery proteomics, 2,688 and 3,034 proteins in the barley and malt samples were detected respectively. Through the application of targeted proteomics, a significant reduction in the quantity of B-, D-, and γ-hordeins, as well as avenin-like proteins, was observed in the ultra-low gluten malt sample. A compensation mechanism was observed evidenced by increased biosynthesis of seed storage globulins, specifically vicilin-like globulins. Overall, this study has provided insights into protein compositional changes after malting in celiac-friendly barley varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Bahmani
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Nye-Wood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | | | | | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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2
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Broughton S, Castello M, Liu L, Killen J, McMullan C. Anther Culture Protocols for Barley and Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2827:243-266. [PMID: 38985275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3954-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) techniques remain valuable tools for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genetic improvement, and DH populations are used extensively in breeding and research endeavors. Several techniques are available for DH production in wheat and barley. Here, we describe two simple, robust anther culture methods used to produce more than 15,000 DH wheat and barley lines annually in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Broughton
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Marieclaire Castello
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Killen
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher McMullan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
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3
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Mastrangelo AM, Roncallo P, Matny O, Čegan R, Steffenson B, Echenique V, Šafář J, Battaglia R, Barabaschi D, Cattivelli L, Özkan H, Mazzucotelli E. A new wild emmer wheat panel allows to map new loci associated with resistance to stem rust at seedling stage. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20413. [PMID: 38087443 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a major wheat disease worldwide. A collection of 283 wild emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell] accessions, representative of the entire Fertile Crescent region where wild emmer naturally occurs, was assembled, genotyped, and characterized for population structure, genetic diversity, and rate of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay. Then, the collection was employed for mapping Pgt resistance genes, as a proof of concept of the effectiveness of genome-wide association studies in wild emmer. The collection was evaluated in controlled conditions for reaction to six common Pgt pathotypes (TPMKC, TTTTF, JRCQC, TRTTF, TTKSK/Ug99, and TKTTF). Most resistant accessions originated from the Southern Levant wild emmer lineage, with some showing a resistance reaction toward three to six tested races. Association analysis was conducted considering a 12K polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms dataset, kinship relatedness between accessions, and population structure. Eleven significant marker-trait associations (MTA) were identified across the genome, which explained from 17% to up to 49% of phenotypic variance with an average 1.5 additive effect (based on the 1-9 scoring scale). The identified loci were either effective against single or multiple races. Some MTAs colocalized with known Pgt resistance genes, while others represent novel resistance loci useful for durum and bread wheat prebreeding. Candidate genes with an annotated function related to plant response to pathogens were identified at the regions linked to the resistance and defined according to the estimated small LD (about 126 kb), as typical of wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Foggia, Italy
| | - Pablo Roncallo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Oadi Matny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Radim Čegan
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Viviana Echenique
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jan Šafář
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Raffaella Battaglia
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Delfina Barabaschi
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Hakan Özkan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
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4
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Ali Z, Hakeem S, Wiehle M, Saddique MAB, Habib-ur-Rahman M. Prioritizing strategies for wheat biofortification: Inspiration from underutilized species. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20208. [PMID: 37818015 PMCID: PMC10560789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between malnutrition and climate change is still poorly understood but a comprehensive knowledge of their interactions is needed to address the global public health agenda. Limited studies have been conducted to propose robust and economic-friendly strategies to augment the food basket with underutilized species and biofortify the staples for nutritional security. Sea-buckthorn is a known "superfood" rich in vitamin C and iron content. It is found naturally in northern hemispherical temperate Eurasia and can be utilized as a model species for genetic biofortification in cash crops like wheat. This review focuses on the impacts of climate change on inorganic (iron, zinc) and organic (vitamin C) micronutrient malnutrition employing wheat as highly domesticated crop and processed food commodity. As iron and zinc are particularly stored in the outer aleurone and endosperm layers, they are prone to processing losses. Moreover, only 5% Fe and 25% Zn are bioavailable once consumed calling to enhance the bioavailability of these micronutrients. Vitamin C converts non-available iron (Fe3+) to available form (Fe2+) and helps in the synthesis of ferritin while protecting it from degradation at the same time. Similarly, reduced phytic acid content also enhances its bioavailability. This relation urges scientists to look for a common mechanism and genes underlying biosynthesis of vitamin C and uptake of Fe/Zn to biofortify these micronutrients concurrently. The study proposes to scale up the biofortification breeding strategies by focusing on all dimensions i.e., increasing micronutrient content and boosters (vitamin C) and simultaneously reducing anti-nutritional compounds (phytic acid). Mutually, this review identified that genes from the Aldo-keto reductase family are involved both in Fe/Zn uptake and vitamin C biosynthesis and can potentially be targeted for genetic biofortification in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Programs and Projects Department, Islamic Organization for Food Security, Mangilik Yel Ave. 55/21 AIFC, Unit 4, C4.2, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Martin Wiehle
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
- Centre for International Rural Development, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Germany
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5
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Kusainova TT, Emekeeva DD, Kazakova EM, Gorshkov VA, Kjeldsen F, Kuskov ML, Zhigach AN, Olkhovskaya IP, Bogoslovskaya OA, Glushchenko NN, Tarasova IA. Ultra-Fast Mass Spectrometry in Plant Biochemistry: Response of Winter Wheat Proteomics to Pre-Sowing Treatment with Iron Compounds. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1390-1403. [PMID: 37770405 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ultrafast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods have been extensively developed for the use in proteome profiling in biochemical studies. These methods are intended for express monitoring of cell response to biotic stimuli and elucidation of correlation of molecular changes with biological processes and phenotypical changes. New technologies, including the use of nanomaterials, are actively introduced to increase agricultural production. However, this requires complex approbation of new fertilizers and investigation of mechanisms underlying the biotic effects on the germination, growth, and development of plants. The aim of this work was to adapt the method of ultrafast chromatography/mass spectrometry for rapid quantitative profiling of molecular changes in 7-day-old wheat seedlings in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with iron compounds. The used method allows to analyze up to 200 samples per day; its practical value lies in the possibility of express proteomic diagnostics of the biotic action of new treatments, including those intended for agricultural needs. Changes in the regulation of photosynthesis, biosynthesis of chlorophyll and porphyrin- and tetrapyrrole-containing compounds, glycolysis (in shoot tissues), and polysaccharide metabolism (in root tissues) were shown after seed treatment with suspensions containing film-forming polymers (PEG 400, Na-CMC, Na2-EDTA), iron (II, III) nanoparticles, or iron (II) sulfate. Observations at the protein levels were consistent with the results of morphometry, superoxide dismutase activity assay, and microelement analysis of 3-day-old germinated seeds and shoots and roots of 7-day-old seedlings. A characteristic molecular signature involving proteins participating in the regulation of photosynthesis and glycolytic process was suggested as a potential marker of the biotic effects of seed treatment with iron compounds, which will be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiris T Kusainova
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Daria D Emekeeva
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Elizaveta M Kazakova
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gorshkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Mikhail L Kuskov
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alexey N Zhigach
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Irina P Olkhovskaya
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Olga A Bogoslovskaya
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia N Glushchenko
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Irina A Tarasova
- Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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6
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Molecular characterization and evolutionary relationships of avenin-like b gene in Aegilops speltoides. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Paul S, Duhan JS, Jaiswal S, Angadi UB, Sharma R, Raghav N, Gupta OP, Sheoran S, Sharma P, Singh R, Rai A, Singh GP, Kumar D, Iquebal MA, Tiwari R. RNA-Seq Analysis of Developing Grains of Wheat to Intrigue Into the Complex Molecular Mechanism of the Heat Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904392. [PMID: 35720556 PMCID: PMC9201344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the significant constraints affecting wheat production worldwide. To ensure food security for ever-increasing world population, improving wheat for heat stress tolerance is needed in the presently drifting climatic conditions. At the molecular level, heat stress tolerance in wheat is governed by a complex interplay of various heat stress-associated genes. We used a comparative transcriptome sequencing approach to study the effect of heat stress (5°C above ambient threshold temperature of 20°C) during grain filling stages in wheat genotype K7903 (Halna). At 7 DPA (days post-anthesis), heat stress treatment was given at four stages: 0, 24, 48, and 120 h. In total, 115,656 wheat genes were identified, including 309 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in many critical processes, such as signal transduction, starch synthetic pathway, antioxidant pathway, and heat stress-responsive conserved and uncharacterized putative genes that play an essential role in maintaining the grain filling rate at the high temperature. A total of 98,412 Simple Sequences Repeats (SSR) were identified from de novo transcriptome assembly of wheat and validated. The miRNA target prediction from differential expressed genes was performed by psRNATarget server against 119 mature miRNA. Further, 107,107 variants including 80,936 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and 26,171 insertion/deletion (Indels) were also identified in de novo transcriptome assembly of wheat and wheat genome Ensembl version 31. The present study enriches our understanding of known heat response mechanisms during the grain filling stage supported by discovery of novel transcripts, microsatellite markers, putative miRNA targets, and genetic variant. This enhances gene functions and regulators, paving the way for improved heat tolerance in wheat varieties, making them more suitable for production in the current climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
- ICAR, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | | | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ulavappa B. Angadi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Nishu Raghav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Om Prakash Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Sonia Sheoran
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Rajender Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra Pratap Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratan Tiwari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
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8
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Wang X, Song R, An Y, Pei H, Gao S, Sun D, Ren X. Allelic variation and genetic diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in Chinese wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and commercial cultivars. BREEDING SCIENCE 2022; 72:169-180. [PMID: 36275938 PMCID: PMC9522535 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat landraces have abundant genetic variation at the Glu-1 loci, which is desirable germplasms for genetic enhancement of modern wheat varieties, especially for quality improvement. In the current study, we analyzed the allelic variations of the Glu-1 loci of 597 landraces and 926 commercial wheat varieties from the four major wheat-growing regions in China using SDS-PAGE. As results, alleles Null, 7+8, and 2+12 were the dominant HMW-GSs in wheat landraces. Compared to landraces, the commercial varieties contain higher frequencies of high-quality alleles, including 1, 7+9, 14+15 and 5+10. The genetic diversity of the four commercial wheat populations (alleles per locus (A) = 7.33, percent polymorphic loci (P) = 1.00, effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) = 2.347 and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.563) was significantly higher than that of the landraces population, with the highest genetic diversity found in the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region population. The genetic diversity of HMW-GS is mainly present within the landraces and commercial wheat populations instead of between populations. The landraces were rich in rare subunits or alleles may provide germplasm resources for improving the quality of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruilian Song
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue An
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haiyi Pei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Daokun Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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9
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Bose U, Juhász A, Yu R, Bahmani M, Byrne K, Blundell M, Broadbent JA, Howitt CA, Colgrave ML. Proteome and Nutritional Shifts Observed in Hordein Double-Mutant Barley Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718504. [PMID: 34567030 PMCID: PMC8458801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysine is the most limiting essential amino acid in cereals, and efforts have been made over the decades to improve the nutritional quality of these grains by limiting storage protein accumulation and increasing lysine content, while maintaining desired agronomic traits. The single lys3 mutation in barley has been shown to significantly increase lysine content but also reduces grain size. Herein, the regulatory effect of the lys3 mutation that controls storage protein accumulation as well as a plethora of critically important processes in cereal seeds was investigated in double mutant barley lines. This was enabled through the generation of three hordein double-mutants by inter-crossing three single hordein mutants, that had all been backcrossed three times to the malting barley cultivar Sloop. Proteome abundance measurements were integrated with their phenotype measurements; proteins were mapped to chromosomal locations and to their corresponding functional classes. These models enabled the prediction of previously unknown points of crosstalk that connect the impact of lys3 mutations to other signalling pathways. In combination, these results provide an improved understanding of how the mutation at the lys3 locus remodels cellular functions and impact phenotype that can be used in selective breeding to generate favourable agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ronald Yu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mahya Bahmani
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Keren Byrne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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10
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de Sousa T, Ribeiro M, Sabença C, Igrejas G. The 10,000-Year Success Story of Wheat! Foods 2021; 10:2124. [PMID: 34574233 PMCID: PMC8467621 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world as it is used in the production of a diverse range of traditional and modern processed foods. The ancient varieties einkorn, emmer, and spelt not only played an important role as a source of food but became the ancestors of the modern varieties currently grown worldwide. Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) now account for around 95% and 5% of the world production, respectively. The success of this cereal is inextricably associated with the capacity of its grain proteins, the gluten, to form a viscoelastic dough that allows the transformation of wheat flour into a wide variety of staple forms of food in the human diet. This review aims to give a holistic view of the temporal and proteogenomic evolution of wheat from its domestication to the massively produced high-yield crop of our day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma de Sousa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2825-149 Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2825-149 Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carolina Sabença
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2825-149 Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2825-149 Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Di Francesco A, Cunsolo V, Saletti R, Svensson B, Muccilli V, De Vita P, Foti S. Quantitative Label-Free Comparison of the Metabolic Protein Fraction in Old and Modern Italian Wheat Genotypes by a Shotgun Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092596. [PMID: 33946829 PMCID: PMC8124627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat represents one of the most important cereals for mankind. However, since wheat proteins are also the causative agent of several adverse reactions, during the last decades, consumers have shown an increasing interest in the old wheat genotypes, which are generally perceived as more "natural" and healthier than the modern ones. Comparison of nutritional value for modern and old wheat genotypes is still controversial, and to evaluate the real impact of these foods on human health comparative experiments involving old and modern genotypes are desirable. The nutritional quality of grain is correlated with its proteomic composition that depends on the interplay between the genetic characteristics of the plant and external factors related to the environment. We report here the label-free shotgun quantitative comparison of the metabolic protein fractions of two old Sicilian landraces (Russello and Timilia) and the modern variety Simeto, from the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons. The overall results show that Timilia presents the major differences with respect to the other two genotypes investigated. These differences may be related to different defense mechanisms and some other peculiar properties of these genotypes. On the other hand, our results confirm previous results leading to the conclusion that with respect to a nutritional value evaluation, there is a substantial equivalence between old and modern wheat genotypes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier <PXD024204>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.D.F.); (R.S.); (V.M.); (S.F.)
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12
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Soriano JM, Sansaloni C, Ammar K, Royo C. Labelling Selective Sweeps Used in Durum Wheat Breeding from a Diverse and Structured Panel of Landraces and Cultivars. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040258. [PMID: 33805192 PMCID: PMC8064341 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Evaluation of the genetic diversity of a crop species is a critical step for breeding. Landraces are essential to avoid genetic erosion, and Mediterranean landraces are an important group of genetic resources due to their high genetic variability, adaptation to local conditions in rainfed environments, and their resilience to pests and pathogens. This study uses a genome-wide association approach employing eigenvectors to identify selective sweeps among Mediterranean durum wheat landraces and a world panel of modern cultivars. Abstract A panel of 387 durum wheat genotypes including Mediterranean landraces and modern cultivars was characterized with 46,161 diversity arrays technology (DArTseq) markers. Analysis of population structure uncovered the existence of five subpopulations (SP) related to the pattern of migration of durum wheat from the domestication area to the west of the Mediterranean basin (SPs 1, 2, and 3) and further improved germplasm (SPs 4 and 5). The total genetic diversity (HT) was 0.40 with a genetic differentiation (GST) of 0.08 and a mean gene flow among SPs of 6.02. The lowest gene flow was detected between SP 1 (presumably the ancient genetic pool of the panel) and SPs 4 and 5. However, gene flow from SP 2 to modern cultivars was much higher. The highest gene flow was detected between SP 3 (western Mediterranean germplasm) and SP 5 (North American and European cultivars). A genome wide association study (GWAS) approach using the top ten eigenvectors as phenotypic data revealed the presence of 89 selective sweeps, represented as quantitative trait loci (QTL) hotspots, widely distributed across the durum wheat genome. A principal component analysis (PCoA) using 147 markers with −log10p > 5 identified three regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2B and 3A as the main drivers for differentiation of Mediterranean landraces. Gene flow between SPs offers clues regarding the putative use of Mediterranean old durum germplasm by the breeding programs represented in the structure analysis. EigenGWAS identified selective sweeps among landraces and modern cultivars. The analysis of the corresponding genomic regions in the ‘Zavitan’, ‘Svevo’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ genomes discovered the presence of important functional genes including Ppd, Vrn, Rht, and gene models involved in important biological processes including LRR-RLK, MADS-box, NAC, and F-box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Soriano
- Sustainable Field Crops Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Sansaloni
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), El Batán, Texcoco 56237, Mexico; (C.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Karim Ammar
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), El Batán, Texcoco 56237, Mexico; (C.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Conxita Royo
- Sustainable Field Crops Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), 25198 Lleida, Spain;
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13
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Han Y, Broughton S, Liu L, Zhang XQ, Zeng J, He X, Li C. Highly efficient and genotype-independent barley gene editing based on anther culture. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100082. [PMID: 33898972 PMCID: PMC8060703 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrance to tissue culture and genetic transformation is the major bottleneck for gene manipulation in crops. In barley, immature embryos of Golden Promise have typically been used as explants for transformation. However, the genotype dependence of this approach limits the genetic modification of commercial varieties. Here, we developed an anther culture-based system that permits the effective creation of transgenic and gene-edited plants from commercial barley varieties. The protocol was tested in Golden Promise and four Australian varieties, which differed in phenology, callus induction, and green plant regeneration responses. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was performed on microspore-derived callus to target the HvPDS gene, and T0 albinos with targeted mutations were successfully obtained from commercial varieties. Further editing of three targets was achieved with an average mutation rate of 53% in the five varieties. In 51 analyzed T0 individuals, Cas9 induced a large proportion (69%) of single-base indels and two-base deletions in the target sites, with variable mutation rates among targets and varieties. Both on-target and off-target activities were detected in T1 progenies. Compared with immature embryo protocols, this genotype-independent platform can deliver a high editing efficiency and more regenerant plants within a similar time frame. It shows promise for functional genomics and the application of CRISPR technologies for the precise improvement of commercial varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sue Broughton
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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14
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Li S, Luo J, Zhou X, Li X, Wang F, Liu Y. Identification of characteristic proteins of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles by electrophoresis and proteomics analysis. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Cao D, Ye F, Zhao C, Shen J, Liu R, Zhang B, Shen Y, Zhang H, Liu B, Chen W. Molecular characterization and functional properties of avenin-like b gene TuALPb7As in Triticum urartu. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1868332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fahui Ye
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jicheng Shen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuhu Shen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
- Laboratory of Wheat Quality Improvement, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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16
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Tu M, Li Y. Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1631. [PMID: 33255282 PMCID: PMC7760206 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Kernel hardness is one of the most important single traits of wheat seed. It classifies wheat cultivars, determines milling quality and affects many end-use qualities. Starch granule surfaces, polar lipids, storage protein matrices and Puroindolines potentially form a four-way interaction that controls wheat kernel hardness. As a genetic factor, Puroindoline polymorphism explains over 60% of the variation in kernel hardness. However, genetic factors other than Puroindolines remain to be exploited. Over the past two decades, efforts using population genetics have been increasing, and numerous kernel hardness-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified on almost every chromosome in wheat. Here, we summarize the state of the art for mapping kernel hardness. We emphasize that these steps in progress have benefitted from (1) the standardized methods for measuring kernel hardness, (2) the use of the appropriate germplasm and mapping population, and (3) the improvements in genotyping methods. Recently, abundant genomic resources have become available in wheat and related Triticeae species, including the high-quality reference genomes and advanced genotyping technologies. Finally, we provide perspectives on future research directions that will enhance our understanding of kernel hardness through the identification of multiple QTLs and will address challenges involved in fine-tuning kernel hardness and, consequently, food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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17
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Maignan V, Bernay B, Géliot P, Avice JC. Biostimulant Effects of Glutacetine® and Its Derived Formulations Mixed With N Fertilizer on Post-heading N Uptake and Remobilization, Seed Yield, and Grain Quality in Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:607615. [PMID: 33281859 PMCID: PMC7691253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants could play an important role in agriculture particularly for increasing N fertilizer use efficiency that is essential for maintaining both yield and grain quality in bread wheat, which is a major global crop. In the present study, we examined the effects of mixing urea-ammonium-nitrate fertilizer (UAN) or urea with five new biostimulants containing Glutacetine® or its derivative formulations (VNT1, 2, 3, and 4) on the physiological responses, agronomic traits, and grain quality of winter wheat. A first experiment under greenhouse conditions showed that VNT1, VNT3, and VNT4 significantly increased the seed yield and grain numbers per ear. VNT4 also enhanced total plant nitrogen (N) and total grain N, which induced a higher N Harvest Index (NHI). The higher post-heading N uptake (for VNT1 and VNT4) and the acceleration of senescence speed with all formulations enabled better nutrient remobilization efficiency, especially in terms of N mobilization from roots and straw toward the grain with VNT4. The grain ionome was changed by the formulations with the bioavailability of iron improved with the addition of VNT4, and the phytate concentrations in flour were reduced by VNT1 and VNT4. A second experiment in three contrasting field trials confirmed that VNT4 increased seed yield and N use efficiency. Our investigation reveals the important role of these new formulations in achieving significant increases in seed yield and grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Maignan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, France
- Via Végétale, Le Loroux-Bottereau, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen, SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, France
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18
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Current Progress in Understanding and Recovering the Wheat Genes Lost in Evolution and Domestication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165836. [PMID: 32823887 PMCID: PMC7461589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern cultivated wheat has passed a long evolution involving origin of wild emmer (WEM), development of cultivated emmer, formation of spelt wheat and finally establishment of modern bread wheat and durum wheat. During this evolutionary process, rapid alterations and sporadic changes in wheat genome took place, due to hybridization, polyploidization, domestication, and mutation. This has resulted in some modifications and a high level of gene loss. As a result, the modern cultivated wheat does not contain all genes of their progenitors. These lost genes are novel for modern wheat improvement. Exploring wild progenitor for genetic variation of important traits is directly beneficial for wheat breeding. WEM wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) is a great genetic resource with huge diversity for traits. Few genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for agronomic, quantitative, biotic and abiotic stress-related traits have already been mapped from WEM. This resource can be utilized for modern wheat improvement by integrating identified genes or QTLs through breeding.
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19
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Gao S, Sun G, Liu W, Sun D, Peng Y, Ren X. High‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit compositions in current Chinese commercial wheat cultivars and the implication on Chinese wheat breeding for quality. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department Saint Mary's University Halifax NS Canada
| | - Weihua Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Daokun Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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20
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Wang D, Li F, Cao S, Zhang K. Genomic and functional genomics analyses of gluten proteins and prospect for simultaneous improvement of end-use and health-related traits in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1521-1539. [PMID: 32020238 PMCID: PMC7214497 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Recent genomic and functional genomics analyses have substantially improved the understanding on gluten proteins, which are important determinants of wheat grain quality traits. The new insights obtained and the availability of precise, versatile and high-throughput genome editing technologies will accelerate simultaneous improvement of wheat end-use and health-related traits. Being a major staple food crop in the world, wheat provides an indispensable source of dietary energy and nutrients to the human population. As worldwide population grows and living standards rise in both developed and developing countries, the demand for wheat with high quality attributes increases globally. However, efficient breeding of high-quality wheat depends on critically the knowledge on gluten proteins, which mainly include several families of prolamin proteins specifically accumulated in the endospermic tissues of grains. Although gluten proteins have been studied for many decades, efficient manipulation of these proteins for simultaneous enhancement of end-use and health-related traits has been difficult because of high complexities in their expression, function and genetic variation. However, recent genomic and functional genomics analyses have substantially improved the understanding on gluten proteins. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the genomic and functional genomics information obtained in the last 10 years on gluten protein chromosome loci and genes and the cis- and trans-factors regulating their expression in the grains, as well as the efforts in elucidating the involvement of gluten proteins in several wheat sensitivities affecting genetically susceptible human individuals. The new insights gathered, plus the availability of precise, versatile and high-throughput genome editing technologies, promise to speed up the concurrent improvement of wheat end-use and health-related traits and the development of high-quality cultivars for different consumption needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowen Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzi Lake College Park, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
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21
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Li X, Li Y, Yu X, Sun F, Yang G, He G. Genomics-Enabled Analysis of Puroindoline b2 Genes Identifies New Alleles in Wheat and Related Triticeae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1304. [PMID: 32075191 PMCID: PMC7072932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernel hardness is a key trait of wheat seeds, largely controlled by two tightly linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb). Genes homologous to Pinb, namely Pinb2, have been studied. Whether these genes contribute to kernel hardness and other important seed traits remains inconclusive. Using the high-quality bread wheat reference genome, we show that PINB2 are encoded by three homoeologous loci Pinb2 not syntenic to the Hardness locus, with Pinb2-7A locus containing three tandem copies. PINB2 proteins have several features conserved for the Pin/Pinb2 phylogenetic cluster but lack a structural basis of significant impact on kernel hardness. Pinb2 are seed-specifically expressed with varied expression levels between the homoeologous copies and among wheat varieties. Using the high-quality genome information, we developed new Pinb2 allele specific markers and demonstrated their usefulness by 1) identifying new Pinb2 alleles in Triticeae species; and 2) performing an association analysis of Pinb2 with kernel hardness. The association result suggests that Pinb2 genes may have no substantial contribution to kernel hardness. Our results provide new insights into Pinb2 evolution and expression and the new allele-specific markers are useful to further explore Pinb2's contribution to seed traits in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Xiaofen Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Fusheng Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
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22
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Roy N, Islam S, Yu Z, Lu M, Lafiandra D, Zhao Y, Anwar M, Mayer JE, Ma W. Introgression of an expressed HMW 1Ay glutenin subunit allele into bread wheat cv. Lincoln increases grain protein content and breadmaking quality without yield penalty. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:517-528. [PMID: 31732753 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An expressed HMW glutenin subunit Glu-Ay showed positive impacts on a range of wheat processing quality and yield traits. The grain protein compositions are significantly optimised for baking, resulting in a better breadmaking quality. The unique breadmaking properties of wheat flour are related to the quality and quantity of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) present in the grain. In the current study, the silent 1Ay HMW-GS allele, present in most bread wheat cultivars, was replaced by the expressed 1Ay21* allele, which was introgressed into Australian bread wheat cultivar Lincoln by a backcrossing and selfing scheme. Stability of gene expression and the effect of the introgressed 1Ay21* subunit on protein composition, agronomic traits, flour functionality, and breadmaking quality were studied using BC4F5 grain grown in glasshouse and field. Field phenotyping and grain quality testing showed that the 1Ay21* gene conferred significant improvements to a range of traits, including an increase in grain protein content by up to 9%, UPP% by up to 24%, bread volume by up to 28%. The glasshouse experiment and one of the field trials showed positive 1Ay21* effects on yield, while one field trial showed one significant effects. This indicates that expression of the 1Ay21* gene has the potential of simultaneously increasing protein content and grain yield under certain environment. The qualitative improvements of the grain also led to a reduction of the energy required during the baking process in addition to the significant positive effects on bread quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Roy
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Zitong Yu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Meiqin Lu
- Australian Grain Technologies, 12656 Newell Highway, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Sciences and Technology for Agriculture, Forest, Environment and Energy, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Yun Zhao
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Masood Anwar
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | | | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Juhasz A, Islam S, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Li G, Ding W, Ma W. Characterising avenin-like proteins (ALPs) from albumin/globulin fraction of wheat grains by RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and MS/MS peptides sequencing. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 31996140 PMCID: PMC6988229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grain avenin-like proteins (ALPs) belong to a recently discovered class of wheat grain storage protein. ALPs in wheat grains not only have beneficial effects on dough quality but also display antifungal activities, which is a novel observation for wheat storage proteins. Previous studies have shown that ALPs are likely present in the albumin/globulin fractions of total protein extract from wheat flour. However, the accumulation characteristics of these ALPs in the mature wheat grain remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, a total of 13 ALPs homologs were isolated and characterized in the albumin/globulin fractions of the wheat protein extract. A combination of multiple techniques including RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF and peptide sequencing were used for accurate separation and identification of individual ALP homolog. The C-terminal TaALP-by-4AL/7DS, TaALP-by-4AL/7AS/7DS, TaALP-bx/4AL/7AS/7DS, TaALP-ay-7DS, TaALP-ay-4AL, TaALP-ax-4AL, TaALP-ax-7AS, and TaALP-ax-7DS, were separated as individual protein bands from wheat flour for the first time. These unique ALPs peptides were mapped to the latest wheat genome assembly in the IWGSC database. The characteristic defence related proteins present in albumin and globulin fractions, such as protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), grain softness protein (GSP), alpha-amylase inhibitors (AAIs) and endogenous alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor were also found to co-segregate with these identified ALPs, avenin-3 and α-gliadins. The molecular weight range and the electrophoresis segregation properties of ALPs were characterised in comparison with the proteins containing the tryp_alpha_amyl domain (PF00234) and the gliadin domain (PF13016), which play a role in plant immunity and grain quality. We examined the phylogenetic relationships of the AAIs, GSP, avenin-3, α-gliadins and ALPs, based on the alignment of their functional domains. MALDI-TOF profiling indicated the occurrence of certain post-translations modifications (PTMs) in some ALP subunits. CONCLUSIONS We reported for the first time the complete profiling of ALPs present in the albumin/globulin fractions of wheat grain protein extracts. We concluded that majority of the ALPs homologs are expressed in wheat grains. We found clear evidence of PTMs in several ALPs peptides. The identification of both gliadin domain (PF13016) and Tryp_alpha_amyl domain (PF00234) in the mature forms of ALPs highlighted the multiple functional properties of ALPs in grain quality and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xin Hu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Angela Juhasz
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Zitong Yu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Wenli Ding
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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The Effect of Caffeine and Trifluralin on Chromosome Doubling in Wheat Anther Culture. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010105. [PMID: 31952150 PMCID: PMC7020159 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Challenges for wheat doubled haploid (DH) production using anther culture include genotype variability in green plant regeneration and spontaneous chromosome doubling. The frequency of chromosome doubling in our program can vary from 14% to 80%. Caffeine or trifluralin was applied at the start of the induction phase to improve early genome doubling. Caffeine treatment at 0.5 mM for 24 h significantly improved green plant production in two of the six spring wheat crosses but had no effect on the other crosses. The improvements were observed in Trojan/Havoc and Lancer/LPB14-0392, where green plant numbers increased by 14% and 27% to 161 and 42 green plants per 30 anthers, respectively. Caffeine had no significant effect on chromosome doubling, despite a higher frequency of doubling in several caffeine treatments in the first experiment (67-68%) compared to the control (56%). In contrast, trifluralin significantly improved doubling following a 48 h treatment, from 38% in the control to 51% and 53% in the 1 µM and 3 µM trifluralin treatments, respectively. However, trifluralin had a significant negative effect on green plant regeneration, declining from 31.8 green plants per 20 anthers (control) to 9-25 green plants per 20 anthers in the trifluralin treatments. Further work is required to identify a treatment regime with caffeine and/or anti-mitotic herbicides that consistently increases chromosome doubling in wheat without reducing green plant regeneration.
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Wang X, Appels R, Zhang X, Bekes F, Diepeveen D, Ma W, Hu X, Islam S. Solubility variation of wheat dough proteins: A practical way to track protein behaviors in dough processing. Food Chem 2019; 312:126038. [PMID: 31896458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To understand wheat dough protein behavior under dual mixing and thermal treatment, solubility of Mixolab-dough proteins were investigated using nine extraction buffers of different dissociation capacities. Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) demonstrated that overall changes of protein fractions and dynamic responses of specific proteins during dough processing were well reflected by their solubility variations. After starch pasting, the abundance of 0.5 M NaCl extractable proteins were decreased except for six protein groups including α-amylase inhibitors and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The solubility loss of glutenin proteins at C3 (32 min; 80 ℃) was mainly ascribed to the un-extractable HMW-GSs, LMW-GSs, globulin and triticin, while the extract yield of α-, β-, γ-gliadins and avenin-like proteins (ALPs) increased after starch pasting. Differential responses of dough proteins to extraction systems provides the basis for further exploring wheat protein dynamics in processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Australia China Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science Health Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Rudi Appels
- School of Bio Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - Dean Diepeveen
- Australia China Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science Health Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia China Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science Health Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Australia China Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science Health Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Rubio MB, Martínez de Alba AE, Nicolás C, Monte E, Hermosa R. Early Root Transcriptomic Changes in Wheat Seedlings Colonized by Trichoderma harzianum Under Different Inorganic Nitrogen Supplies. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2444. [PMID: 31749777 PMCID: PMC6842963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms, such as those of the genus Trichoderma, constitutes an alternative to chemical fertilizers, since they are cheaper and are not detrimental to the environment. However, the interaction between Trichoderma and wheat plants has been scarcely studied, at least at a molecular level. In the present work, a microarray approach was used to study the early transcriptomic changes induced in wheat roots by Trichoderma harzianum, applied alone or in combination with different concentrations of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], which was last used as nitrogen (N) source. Our results show that T. harzianum causes larger transcriptomic changes than Ca(NO3)2 in wheat roots, and such changes are different when plants are challenged with Trichoderma alone or treated with a combination of T. harzianum and Ca(NO3)2. Overall, T. harzianum activates the expression of defense-related genes at early stages of the interaction with the roots, while this fungus reduces the expression of genes related to plant growth and development. Moreover, the current study in wheat roots, subjected to the different T. harzianum and Ca(NO3)2 combinations, reveals that the number of transcriptomic changes was higher when compared against those caused by the different Ca(NO3)2 concentrations than when it was compared against those caused by T. harzianum. N metabolism gene expression changes were in agreement with the levels of nitrate reductase activity measured in plants from Trichoderma plus Ca(NO3)2 conditions. Results were also concordant with plant phenotypes, which showed reduced growth at early interaction stages when inoculated with T. harzianum or with its combination with Ca(NO3)2 at the lowest dosage. These results were in a good agreement with the recognized role of Trichoderma as an inducer of plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Rubio
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Emilio Martínez de Alba
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Nicolás
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Monte
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Wang Y, Li M, Guan Y, Li L, Sun F, Han J, Chang J, Chen M, Yang G, Wang Y, He G. Effects of an Additional Cysteine Residue of Avenin-like b Protein by Site-Directed Mutagenesis on Dough Properties in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8559-8572. [PMID: 31298518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Avenin-like b protein is rich in cysteine residues, providing the possibility to form intermolecular disulfide bonds and then participate in glutenin polymerization. Site-directed mutagenesis was adopted to produce mutant avenin-like b gene encoding mutant avenin-like b protein, in which one tyrosine codon at the C-terminal is substituted by a cysteine codon. Compared with the control lines, both transgenic lines with wild-type and mutant avenin-like b genes demonstrated superior dough properties. While compared within the transgenic lines, the mutant lines showed relative weaker dough strength and decreased sodium-dodecyl-sulfate sedimentation volumes (from 69.7 mL in line WT alb-1 to 41.0 mL in line Mut alb-4). These inferior dough properties were accompanied by the lower contents of large-sized glutenin polymers, the decreased particle diameters of glutenin macropolymer (GMP), due to the lower content of intermolecular β-sheets (from 39.48% for line WT alb-2 to 30.21% for line Mut alb-3) and the varied contents of disulfide bonds (from 137.37 μmol/g for line WT alb-1 to 105.49 μmol/g for line Mut alb-4) in wheat dough. The extra cysteine might alter the original disulfide bond structure, allowing cysteine residue usually involved in an intermolecular disulfide bond to become available for an intrachain disulfide bond. Avenin-like b proteins were detected in glutenin macropolymers, providing further evidence for this protein to participate in the polymerization of glutenin. This is the first time to investigate the effect of a specific cysteine residue in the avenin-like b protein on flour quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Grain Oil and Food Science , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450052 , China
| | - Yanbin Guan
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Li Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Fusheng Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jiapeng Han
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
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