1
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Linz B, Sticht H, Tegtmeyer N, Backert S. Cancer-associated SNPs in bacteria: lessons from Helicobacter pylori. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:847-857. [PMID: 38485609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human chromosomes are known to predispose to cancer. However, cancer-associated SNPs in bacterial pathogens were unknown until discovered in the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Those include an alanine-threonine polymorphism in the EPIYA-B phosphorylation motif of the injected effector protein CagA that affects cancer risk by modifying inflammatory responses and loss of host cell polarity. A serine-to-leucine change in serine protease HtrA is associated with boosted proteolytic cleavage of epithelial junction proteins and introduction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in host chromosomes, which co-operatively elicit malignant alterations. In addition, H. pylori genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several other SNPs potentially associated with increased gastric cancer (GC) risk. Here we discuss the clinical importance, evolutionary origin, and functional advantage of the H. pylori SNPs. These exciting new data highlight cancer-associated SNPs in bacteria, which should be explored in more detail in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Linz
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Gou L, Yang X, Yun J, Ma Z, Zheng X, Du H, Zhang D. Roles of the components of the cag-pathogenicity island encoded type IV secretion system in Helicobacter pylori. Future Microbiol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39171625 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2383514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cagPAI) encodes 31 genes that assemble the cag type IV secretion system (T4SS) apparatus, which includes structures such as the outer membrane core complex, periplasmic ring, inner membrane complex and bacterial hairs. These proteins interact with each other to inject CagA into the host gastric epithelium. There are also individual unique functions that help H. pylori interfere with host cellular pathways, modulate the immune response and colonize the host for a long time. However, the functions of some of the proteins remain unclear. This review summarizes what is known about the structure and function of these auxiliary components and discusses their role in H. pylori pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhu Gou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Yun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu J, Bai X, Zhang M, Wu S, Xiao J, Zeng X, Li Y, Zhang Z. Energy metabolism: a new target for gastric cancer treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:338-351. [PMID: 37477784 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide having the fourth highest mortality rate. Energy metabolism is key and closely linked to tumour development. Most important in the reprogramming of cancer metabolism is the Warburg effect, which suggests that tumour cells will utilise glycolysis even with normal oxygen levels. Various molecules exert their effects by acting on enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, integral to glycolysis. Second, mitochondrial abnormalities in the reprogramming of energy metabolism, with consequences for glutamine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, abnormal fatty acid oxidation and plasma lipoprotein metabolism are important components of tumour metabolism. Third, inflammation-induced oxidative stress is a danger signal for cancer. Fourth, patterns of signalling pathways involve all aspects of metabolic transduction, and many clinical drugs exert their anticancer effects through energy metabolic signalling. This review summarises research on energy metabolism genes, enzymes and proteins and transduction pathways associated with gastric cancer, and discusses the mechanisms affecting their effects on postoperative treatment resistance and prognoses of gastric cancer. We believe that an in-depth understanding of energy metabolism reprogramming will aid the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangrong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaoyang College, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wolpaw AJ, Dang CV. Pathways Involved in the Effect of Eflornithine in Neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:116-119. [PMID: 37883720 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Wolpaw
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
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5
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López-Luis MA, Soriano-Pérez EE, Parada-Fabián JC, Torres J, Maldonado-Rodríguez R, Méndez-Tenorio A. A Proposal for a Consolidated Structural Model of the CagY Protein of Helicobacter pylori. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16781. [PMID: 38069104 PMCID: PMC10706595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CagY is the largest and most complex protein from Helicobacter pylori's (Hp) type IV secretion system (T4SS), playing a critical role in the modulation of gastric inflammation and risk for gastric cancer. CagY spans from the inner to the outer membrane, forming a channel through which Hp molecules are injected into human gastric cells. Yet, a tridimensional structure has been reported for only short segments of the protein. This intricate protein was modeled using different approaches, including homology modeling, ab initio, and deep learning techniques. The challengingly long middle repeat region (MRR) was modeled using deep learning and optimized using equilibrium molecular dynamics. The previously modeled segments were assembled into a 1595 aa chain and a 14-chain CagY multimer structure was assembled by structural alignment. The final structure correlated with published structures and allowed to show how the multimer may form the T4SS channel through which CagA and other molecules are translocated to gastric cells. The model confirmed that MRR, the most polymorphic and complex region of CagY, presents numerous cysteine residues forming disulfide bonds that stabilize the protein and suggest this domain may function as a contractile region playing an essential role in the modulating activity of CagY on tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Angel López-Luis
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (M.A.L.-L.); (E.E.S.-P.); (J.C.P.-F.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - Eva Elda Soriano-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (M.A.L.-L.); (E.E.S.-P.); (J.C.P.-F.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - José Carlos Parada-Fabián
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (M.A.L.-L.); (E.E.S.-P.); (J.C.P.-F.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Rogelio Maldonado-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (M.A.L.-L.); (E.E.S.-P.); (J.C.P.-F.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (M.A.L.-L.); (E.E.S.-P.); (J.C.P.-F.); (R.M.-R.)
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6
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Li B, Kong Z, Liu Y, Xu B, Liu X, Li S, Zhang Z. A polyamine metabolism risk signature for predicting the prognosis and immune therapeutic response of kidney cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2477-2492. [PMID: 37969387 PMCID: PMC10643944 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Polyamine metabolism is critically involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, including in kidney renal clear cell (KIRC) cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of polyamines in KIRC cancer remain largely unknown. Methods The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile of KIRC was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and ArrayExpress database. Differential expression analysis was performed with the "limma" package in R. Univariate Cox regression and multivariable Cox regression were used to estimate correlation between variables and prognosis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was employed to screen variables and construct a risk signature. A nomogram model was established using the risk signature and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the predicted accuracy and clinical benefit of the model. Results We identified nine differentially expressed polyamine metabolism-related genes (PMRGs) in TCGA-KIRC. Of these, six were closely associated with patients' outcomes. These six genes participated in different pathways and originated from different cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Using the mRNA expression values of these genes, we constructed a 4-gene PMRG risk signature. Patients with high PMRG risk exhibited worse outcomes, and our analysis showed that the PMRG risk signature was an independent prognostic factor when clinical information was used as a covariate. We also found that multiple immune- or metabolism-related pathways were differentially enriched in high or low PMRG risk groups, suggesting that altering these pathways could lead to different clinical outcomes. Finally, in two external datasets, we found that the PMRG risk signature could predict the response of patients to immune therapy. Conclusions In summary, our study identified several potentially important PMRGs in KIRC and constructed a practical risk signature, which could serve as a foundation for further development of polyamine metabolism-based targeted therapies for KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng, China
| | - Zheng Kong
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bifeng Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Wang H, Qin K, Shi D, Wu P, Hao X, Liu H, Gao J, Li J, Wu Z, Li S. A new 68Ga-labeled ornithine derivative for PET imaging of ornithine metabolism in tumors. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03250-z. [PMID: 36809562 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine metabolism plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. For cancer cells, ornithine is mainly used as a substrate for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) for the synthesis of polyamines. The ODC as a key enzyme of polyamine metabolism has become an important target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. To non-invasively detect the levels of ODC expression in malignant tumors, we have synthesized a novel 68Ga-labeled ornithine derivative ([68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Orn). The synthesis time of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Orn was about 30 min with a radiochemical yield of 45-50% (uncorrected), and the radiochemical purity was > 98%. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Orn was stable in saline and rat serum. Cellular uptake and competitive inhibition assays using DU145 and AR42J cells demonstrated that the transport pathway of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Orn was similar to that of L-ornithine, and it could interact with the ODC after transporting into the cell. Biodistribution and micro-positron emission tomography (Micro-PET) imaging studies showed that [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Orn exhibited rapid tumor uptake and was rapidly excreted through the urinary system. All above results suggested that [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Orn is a novel amino acid metabolic imaging agent with great potential of tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaixin Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Li
- National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Gobert AP, Asim M, Smith TM, Williams KJ, Barry DP, Allaman MM, McNamara KM, Hawkins CV, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Rathmacher JA, Wilson KT. The nutraceutical electrophile scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) attenuates gastric cancer development caused by Helicobacter pylori. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114092. [PMID: 36493697 PMCID: PMC9879697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial gastric pathogen that is the primary risk factor for carcinogenesis, associated with its induction of inflammation and DNA damage. Dicarbonyl electrophiles are generated from lipid peroxidation during the inflammatory response and form covalent adducts with amine-containing macromolecules. 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a natural compound derived from buckwheat seeds and acts as a potent scavenger of reactive aldehydes. Our goal was to investigate the effect of 2-HOBA on the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. We used transgenic FVB/N insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice as a model of gastric cancer. First, we found that 2-HOBA is bioavailable in the gastric tissues of these mice after supplementation in the drinking water. Moreover, 2-HOBA reduced the development of gastritis in H. pylori-infected INS-GAS mice without affecting the bacterial colonization level in the stomach. Further, we show that the development of gastric dysplasia and carcinoma was significantly reduced by 2-HOBA. Concomitantly, DNA damage were also inhibited by 2-HOBA treatment in H. pylori-infected mice. In parallel, DNA damage was inhibited by 2-HOBA in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells in vitro. In conclusion, 2-HOBA, which has been shown to be safe in human clinical trials, represents a promising nutritional compound for the chemoprevention of the more severe effects of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus M. Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamery J. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline V. Hawkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A. Rathmacher
- MTI BioTech, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA,Correspondence to: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA. (K.T. Wilson)
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9
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Latour YL, Sierra JC, McNamara KM, Smith TM, Luis PB, Schneider C, Delgado AG, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Piazuelo MB, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Ornithine Decarboxylase in Gastric Epithelial Cells Promotes the Immunopathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:796-805. [PMID: 35896340 PMCID: PMC9378675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonization by Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric diseases, ranging from superficial gastritis to more severe pathologies, including intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. The interplay of the host response and the pathogen affect the outcome of disease. One major component of the mucosal response to H. pylori is the activation of a strong but inefficient immune response that fails to control the infection and frequently causes tissue damage. We have shown that polyamines can regulate H. pylori-induced inflammation. Chemical inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which generates the polyamine putrescine from l-ornithine, reduces gastritis in mice and adenocarcinoma incidence in gerbils infected with H. pylori However, we have also demonstrated that Odc deletion in myeloid cells enhances M1 macrophage activation and gastritis. Here we used a genetic approach to assess the specific role of gastric epithelial ODC during H. pylori infection. Specific deletion of the gene encoding for ODC in gastric epithelial cells reduces gastritis, attenuates epithelial proliferation, alters the metabolome, and downregulates the expression of immune mediators induced by H. pylori Inhibition of ODC activity or ODC knockdown in human gastric epithelial cells dampens H. pylori-induced NF-κB activation, CXCL8 mRNA expression, and IL-8 production. Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the progression to more severe pathologies associated with H. pylori infection, and we now show that epithelial ODC plays an important role in mediating this inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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10
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Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and AMXT 1501 inhibit capsule biosynthesis in pneumococci. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11804. [PMID: 35821246 PMCID: PMC9276676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small cationic molecules that have been linked to various cellular processes including replication, translation, stress response and recently, capsule regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn, pneumococcus). Pneumococcal-associated diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis are some of the leading causes of death worldwide and capsule remains the principal virulence factor of this versatile pathogen. α-Difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO) is an irreversible inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway catalyzed by ornithine decarboxylase and has a long history in modulating cell growth, polyamine levels, and disease outcomes in eukaryotic systems. Recent evidence shows that DFMO can also target arginine decarboxylation. Interestingly, DFMO-treated cells often escape polyamine depletion via increased polyamine uptake from extracellular sources. Here, we examined the potential capsule-crippling ability of DFMO and the possible synergistic effects of the polyamine transport inhibitor, AMXT 1501, on pneumococci. We characterized the changes in pneumococcal metabolites in response to DFMO and AMXT 1501, and also measured the impact of DFMO on amino acid decarboxylase activities. Our findings show that DFMO inhibited pneumococcal polyamine and capsule biosynthesis as well as decarboxylase activities, albeit, at a high concentration. AMXT 1501 at physiologically relevant concentration could inhibit both polyamine and capsule biosynthesis, however, in a serotype-dependent manner. In summary, this study demonstrates the utility of targeting polyamine biosynthesis and transport for pneumococcal capsule inhibition. Since targeting capsule biosynthesis is a promising way for the eradication of the diverse and pathogenic pneumococcal strains, future work will identify small molecules similar to DFMO/AMXT 1501, which act in a serotype-independent manner.
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11
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Fukui K, Inoue M, Murakawa T, Baba S, Kumasaka T, Yano T. Structural and functional insights into the mechanism by which MutS2 recognizes a DNA junction. Structure 2022; 30:973-982.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Zhou ZR, Ji Y. Polyamine homeostasis-based strategies for cancer: The role of combination regimens. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174456. [PMID: 34464603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermine, spermidine and putrescine polyamines are naturally occurring ubiquitous positively charged amines and are essential metabolites for biological functions in our life. These compounds play a crucial role in many cell processes, including cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Intracellular levels of polyamines depend on their biosynthesis, transport and degradation. Polyamine levels are high in cancer cells, which leads to the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy is considerably rational. Due to compensatory mechanisms, a single strategy does not achieve satisfactory clinical effects when using a single agent. Combination regimens are more clinically promising for cancer chemoprevention because they work synergistically with causing little or no adverse effects due to each individual agent being used at lower doses. Moreover, bioactive substances have advantages over single chemical agents because they can affect multiple targets. In this review, we discuss anticancer strategies targeting polyamine metabolism and describe how combination treatments and effective natural active ingredients are promising therapies. The existing research suggests that polyamine metabolic enzymes are important therapeutic targets and that combination therapies can be more effective than monotherapies based on polyamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Ze-Rong Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Yan Ji
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
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13
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Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) gene variant (rs2302615) is associated with gastric cancer independently of Helicobacter pylori CagA serostatus. Oncogene 2021; 40:5963-5969. [PMID: 34376808 PMCID: PMC8692072 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary cause of gastric cancer is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), particularly the high-risk genotype cagA, and risk modification by human genetic variants. We studied 94 variants in 54 genes for association with gastric cancer, including rs2302615 in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), which may affect response to chemoprevention with the ODC inhibitor, eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine; DFMO). Our population-based, case-control study included 1366 individuals (664 gastric cancer cases and 702 controls) from Western Honduras, a high incidence region of Latin America. CagA seropositivity was strongly associated with cancer (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.6, 5.1). The ODC1 variant rs2302615 was associated with gastric cancer (OR = 1.36; p = 0.018) in a model adjusted for age, sex, and CagA serostatus. Two additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CASP1 (rs530537) and TLR4 (rs1927914) genes were also associated with gastric cancer in univariate models as well as models adjusted for age, sex, and CagA serostatus. The ODC1 SNP association with gastric cancer was stronger in individuals who carried the TT genotype at the associating TLR4 polymorphism, rs1927914 (OR = 1.77; p = 1.85 × 10-3). In conclusion, the ODC1 variant, rs2302615, is associated with gastric cancer and supports chemoprevention trials with DFMO, particularly in individuals homozygous for the T allele at rs1927914.
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14
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The number of gastric cancer-related deaths is only projected to increase, attributable primarily to the expanding aging population. Prevention is a mainstay of gastric cancer control programs, particularly in the absence of accurate, noninvasive modalities for screening and early detection, and the absence of an infrastructure for this purpose in the majority of countries worldwide. Herein, we discuss the evidence for several chemopreventive agents, along with putative mechanisms. There remains a clear, unmet need for primary chemoprevention trials for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1030C MRB IV, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA;,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville Campus, Nashville, TN, USA,Corresponding author:
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1030C MRB IV, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA
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15
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Dong C, Yu J, Yang Y, Zhang F, Su W, Fan Q, Wu C, Wu S. Berberine, a potential prebiotic to indirectly promote Akkermansia growth through stimulating gut mucin secretion. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111595. [PMID: 33862492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akkermansia spp. plays important roles in maintenance of host health. Increasing evidence reveals that berberine (BBR) may exert its pharmacological effects via, at least partially, promotion of Akkermansia spp. However, how BBR stimulates Akkermansia remains largely unknown. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the Akkermansia-promoting effect of BBR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of BBR on Akkermansia was assessed in BBR-gavaged mice and direct incubation. The influence of BBR on intestinal mucin production was determined by alcian-blue staining and real-time PCR. The feces were analysis by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) metabolomics. The role of polyamines in BBR-elicited mucin secretion and Akkermansia growth was evaluated by administration of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in mice. RESULTS Gavage of BBR dose-dependently and time-dependently increased the abundance of Akkermansia in mice. However, it did not stimulate Akkermansia growth in direct incubation, suggesting that BBR may promote Akkermansia in a host-dependent way. Oral administration of BBR significantly increased the transcription of mucin-producing genes and mucin secretion in colon. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that BBR increased polyamines production in feces which are known to stimulate goblet cell proliferation and differentiation, but treatment with eukaryotic polyamine synthase inhibitor DFMO did not abolish the stimulating effect of BBR on mucin secretion and Akkermansia growth, indicating that the gut bacteria-derived but not the host-derived polyamines may involve in the BBR-promoted Akkermansia growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that BBR is a promising prebiotic for Akkermansia, and it promotes Akkermansia growth via stimulating mucin secretion in colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenquan Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qinhua Fan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengxian Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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16
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McNamara KM, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The role of polyamines in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4399-4412. [PMID: 34108618 PMCID: PMC8262120 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in our understanding of polyamine molecular and cellular functions have led to increased interest in targeting polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapeutic benefits. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are polycationic alkylamines commonly found in all living cells and are essential for cellular growth and survival. This review summarizes the existing research on polyamine metabolism and function, specifically the role of polyamines in gastric immune cell and epithelial cell function. Polyamines have been implicated in a multitude of cancers, but in this review, we focus on the role of polyamine dysregulation in the context of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and subsequent progression to gastric cancer. Due to the emerging implication of polyamines in cancer development, there is an increasing number of promising clinical trials using agents to target the polyamine metabolic pathway for potential chemoprevention and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Toll-like Receptor 5 Activation by the CagY Repeat Domains of Helicobacter pylori. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108159. [PMID: 32937132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is an important human pathogen associated with gastric inflammation and neoplasia. It is commonly believed that this bacterium avoids major immune recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) because of low intrinsic activity of its flagellin and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In particular, TLR5 specifically detects flagellins in various bacterial pathogens, while Hp evolved mutations in flagellin to evade detection through TLR5. Cancerogenic Hp strains encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS core component and pilus-associated protein CagY, a large VirB10 ortholog, drives effector molecule translocation. Here, we identify CagY as a flagellin-independent TLR5 agonist. We detect five TLR5 interaction sites, promoting binding of CagY-positive Hp to TLR5-expressing cells, TLR5 stimulation, and intracellular signal transduction. Consequently, CagY constitutes a remarkable VirB10 member detected by TLR5, driving crucial innate immune responses by this human pathogen.
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18
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Jaboulay C, Godeux AS, Doublet P, Vianney A. Regulatory Networks of the T4SS Control: From Host Cell Sensing to the Biogenesis and the Activity during the Infection. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166892. [PMID: 33636165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of effectors, DNA or proteins, that hijack host cell processes to the benefit of bacteria is a mechanism widely used by bacterial pathogens. It is achieved by complex effector injection devices, the secretion systems, among which Type 4 Secretion Systems (T4SSs) play a key role in bacterial virulence of numerous animal and plant pathogens. Considerable progress has recently been made in the structure-function analyses of T4SSs. Nevertheless, the signals and processes that trigger machine assembly and activity during infection, as well as those involved in substrate recognition and transfer, are complex and still poorly understood. In this review, we aim at summarizing the last updates of the knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate the biogenesis and the activity of T4SSs in important bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jaboulay
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Legionella pathogenesis), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - A S Godeux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Horigene), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - P Doublet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Legionella pathogenesis), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - A Vianney
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Legionella pathogenesis), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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19
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)-Mediated Gastric Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197430. [PMID: 33050101 PMCID: PMC7582651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes persistent infection in the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population, leading to the development of severe complications such as peptic ulcer diseases, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is translocated into the gastric epithelium via the type 4 secretory system (T4SS), have been indicated to play a vital role in disease development. Although infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CagA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicity, the exact mechanism of CagA involvement in disease severity still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we discuss the possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749
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20
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Fischer W, Tegtmeyer N, Stingl K, Backert S. Four Chromosomal Type IV Secretion Systems in Helicobacter pylori: Composition, Structure and Function. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1592. [PMID: 32754140 PMCID: PMC7366825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori is genetically highly diverse and a major risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans. During evolution, H. pylori has acquired multiple type IV secretion systems (T4SSs), and then adapted for various purposes. These T4SSs represent remarkable molecular transporter machines, often associated with an extracellular pilus structure present in many bacteria, which are commonly composed of multiple structural proteins spanning the inner and outer membranes. By definition, these T4SSs exhibit central functions mediated through the contact-dependent conjugative transfer of mobile DNA elements, the contact-independent release and uptake of DNA into and from the extracellular environment as well as the secretion of effector proteins in mammalian host target cells. In recent years, numerous features on the molecular functionality of these T4SSs were disclosed. H. pylori encodes up to four T4SSs on its chromosome, namely the Cag T4SS present in the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), the ComB system, as well as the Tfs3 and Tfs4 T4SSs, some of which exhibit unique T4SS functions. The Cag T4SS facilitates the delivery of the CagA effector protein and pro-inflammatory signal transduction through translocated ADP-heptose and chromosomal DNA, while various structural pilus proteins can target host cell receptors such as integrins or TLR5. The ComB apparatus mediates the import of free DNA from the extracellular milieu, whereas Tfs3 may accomplish the secretion or translocation of effector protein CtkA. Both Tfs3 and Tfs4 are furthermore presumed to act as conjugative DNA transfer machineries due to the presence of tyrosine recombinases with cognate recognition sequences, conjugational relaxases, and potential origins of transfer (oriT) found within the tfs3 and tfs4 genome islands. In addition, some extrachromosomal plasmids, transposons and phages have been discovered in multiple H. pylori isolates. The genetic exchange mediated by DNA mobilization events of chromosomal genes and plasmids combined with recombination events could account for much of the genetic diversity found in H. pylori. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge on the four T4SSs and the involved mechanisms with consequences for H. pylori adaptation to the hostile environment in the human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Department of Biological Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Sierra JC, Piazuelo MB, Luis PB, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Asim M, Sebrell TA, Finley JL, Rose KL, Hill S, Holshouser SL, Casero RA, Cleveland JL, Woster PM, Schey KL, Bimczok D, Schneider C, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Spermine oxidase mediates Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation, DNA damage, and carcinogenic signaling. Oncogene 2020; 39:4465-4474. [PMID: 32350444 PMCID: PMC7260102 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the main risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. H. pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and persists for decades. The inflammatory response is ineffective in clearing the infection, leading to disease progression that may result in gastric adenocarcinoma. We have shown that polyamines are regulators of the host response to H. pylori, and that spermine oxidase (SMOX), which metabolizes the polyamine spermine into spermidine plus H2O2, is associated with increased human gastric cancer risk. We now used a molecular approach to directly address the role of SMOX, and demonstrate that Smox-deficient mice exhibit significant reductions of gastric spermidine levels and H. pylori-induced inflammation. Proteomic analysis revealed that cancer was the most significantly altered functional pathway in Smox-/- gastric organoids. Moreover, there was also less DNA damage and β-catenin activation in H. pylori-infected Smox-/- mice or gastric organoids, compared to infected wild-type animals or gastroids. The link between SMOX and β-catenin activation was confirmed in human gastric organoids that were treated with a novel SMOX inhibitor. These findings indicate that SMOX promotes H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis by causing inflammation, DNA damage, and activation of β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Thomas A Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jordan L Finley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Salisha Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Steven L Holshouser
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Claus Schneider
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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22
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Bojarska J, Remko M, Breza M, Madura ID, Kaczmarek K, Zabrocki J, Wolf WM. A Supramolecular Approach to Structure-Based Design with A Focus on Synthons Hierarchy in Ornithine-Derived Ligands: Review, Synthesis, Experimental and in Silico Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:E1135. [PMID: 32138329 PMCID: PMC7179192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of innovative drugs depends on an interdisciplinary and holistic approach to their design and development. The supramolecular architecture of living systems is controlled by non-covalent interactions to a very large extent. The latter are prone to extensive cooperation and like a virtuoso play a symphony of life. Thus, the design of effective ligands should be based on thorough knowledge on the interactions at either a molecular or high topological level. In this work, we emphasize the importance of supramolecular structure and ligand-based design keeping the potential of supramolecular H-bonding synthons in focus. In this respect, the relevance of supramolecular chemistry for advanced therapies is appreciated and undisputable. It has developed tools, such as Hirshfeld surface analysis, using a huge data on supramolecular interactions in over one million structures which are deposited in the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD). In particular, molecular interaction surfaces are useful for identification of macromolecular active sites followed by in silico docking experiments. Ornithine-derived compounds are a new, promising class of multi-targeting ligands for innovative therapeutics and cosmeceuticals. In this work, we present the synthesis together with the molecular and supramolecular structure of a novel ornithine derivative, namely N-α,N-δ)-dibenzoyl-(α)-hydroxymethylornithine, 1. It was investigated by modern experimental and in silico methods in detail. The incorporation of an aromatic system into the ornithine core induces stacking interactions, which are vital in biological processes. In particular, rare C=O…π intercontacts have been identified in 1. Supramolecular interactions were analyzed in all structures of ornithine derivatives deposited in the CSD. The influence of substituent was assessed by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. It revealed that the crystal packing is stabilized mainly by H…O, O…H, C…H, Cl (Br, F)…H and O…O interactions. Additionally, π…π, C-H…π and N-O…π interactions were also observed. All relevant H-bond energies were calculated using the Lippincott and Schroeder H-bond model. A library of synthons is provided. In addition, the large synthons (Long-Range Synthon Aufbau Module) were considered. The DFT optimization either in vacuo or in solutio yields very similar molecular species. The major difference with the relevant crystal structure was related to the conformation of terminal benzoyl C15-C20 ring. Furthermore, in silico prediction of the extensive physicochemical ADME profile (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) related to the drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness revealed that a novel ornithine derivative 1 has the potential to be a new drug candidate. It has shown good in silico absorption and very low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Milan Remko
- Remedika, Sustekova, 1 85104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Breza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Slovak Technical University, Radlinskeho 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Izabela D. Madura
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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23
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third deadliest cancer in the world, and the absolute number of cases is increasing every year due to aging and growing of high-risk populations. This disease is a consequence of the complex interaction of microbial agents, with environmental and host factors, resulting in the dysregulation of multiple oncogenic and tumor-suppressing signaling pathways. Despite the advances in our understanding of carcinogenesis, there are still reduced therapeutic options for patients with gastric cancer. In recent years, genomic analyses of gastric tumors have emphasized their molecular heterogeneity. The distinction of gastric cancer molecular subtypes may be a key to identify novel therapeutic targets, to predict patient outcome and response to therapy, and to guide early diagnosis strategies. In this review, we summarize the most recent updates on the relationship between microbial agents and gastric cancer, in particular, Helicobacter pylori, the non-H pylori microbiome, and Epstein-Barr virus. We also highlight the main advances made in the past year regarding the molecular characterization of gastric cancer, especially the signatures with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose C Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Wilson KT. Preventing Gastric Cancer Development by Inhibiting the Virulence of H. pylori Infection. ONCOLOGY (WILLISTON PARK, N.Y.) 2019; 33:227-231. [PMID: 31219607 PMCID: PMC6685684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this interview with ONCOLOGY, Keith Wilson, MD, discusses a drug that may help prevent gastric cancer. Dr. Wilson and his colleagues recently published a study showing that a chemopreventive drug can also act directly on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that is the primary cause of gastric cancer.[1]
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