1
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Liu R, Sun J, Li LF, Cheng Y, Li M, Fu L, Li S, Peng G, Wang Y, Liu S, Qu X, Ran J, Li X, Pang E, Qiu HJ, Wang Y, Qi J, Wang H, Gao GF. Structural basis for difunctional mechanism of m-AMSA against African swine fever virus pP1192R. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae703. [PMID: 39166497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) type II topoisomerase (Topo II), pP1192R, is the only known Topo II expressed by mammalian viruses and is essential for ASFV replication in the host cytoplasm. Herein, we report the structures of pP1192R in various enzymatic stages using both X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Our data structurally define the pP1192R-modulated DNA topology changes. By presenting the A2+-like metal ion at the pre-cleavage site, the pP1192R-DNA-m-AMSA complex structure provides support for the classical two-metal mechanism in Topo II-mediated DNA cleavage and a better explanation for nucleophile formation. The unique inhibitor selectivity of pP1192R and the difunctional mechanism of pP1192R inhibition by m-AMSA highlight the specificity of viral Topo II in the poison binding site. Altogether, this study provides the information applicable to the development of a pP1192R-targeting anti-ASFV strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Junqing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030801, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Province 150069, China
| | - Yingxian Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meilin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Province 150069, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Province 150069, China
| | - Guorui Peng
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Province 150069, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- SUSTech Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaqi Ran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110030, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030032, China
| | - Erqi Pang
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030032, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Province 150069, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Liu KT, Chen SF, Chan NL. Structural insights into the assembly of type IIA topoisomerase DNA cleavage-religation center. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae657. [PMID: 39077950 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to catalyze reversible DNA cleavage and religation is central to topoisomerases' role in regulating DNA topology. In type IIA topoisomerases (Top2), the formation of its DNA cleavage-religation center is driven by DNA-binding-induced structural rearrangements. These changes optimally position key catalytic modules, such as the active site tyrosine of the WHD domain and metal ion(s) chelated by the TOPRIM domain, around the scissile phosphodiester bond to perform reversible transesterification. To understand this assembly process in detail, we report the catalytic core structures of human Top2α and Top2β in an on-pathway conformational state. This state features an in trans formation of an interface between the Tower and opposing TOPRIM domain, revealing a groove for accommodating incoming G-segment DNA. Structural superimposition further unveils how subsequent DNA-binding-induced disengagement of the TOPRIM and Tower domains allows a firm grasp of the bound DNA for cleavage/religation. Notably, we identified a previously undocumented protein-DNA interaction, formed between an arginine-capped C-terminus of an α-helix in the TOPRIM domain and the DNA backbone, significantly contributing to Top2 function. This work uncovers a previously unrecognized role of the Tower domain, highlighting its involvement in anchoring and releasing the TOPRIM domain, thus priming Top2 for DNA binding and cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Ting Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Fu Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Nei-Li Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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3
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Amoiridis M, Verigos J, Meaburn K, Gittens WH, Ye T, Neale MJ, Soutoglou E. Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 catalytic activity impacts the integrity of heterochromatin and repetitive DNA and leads to interlinks between clustered repeats. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5727. [PMID: 38977669 PMCID: PMC11231352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA replication and transcription generate DNA supercoiling, which can cause topological stress and intertwining of daughter chromatin fibers, posing challenges to the completion of DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Type II topoisomerases (Top2s) are enzymes that relieve DNA supercoiling and decatenate braided sister chromatids. How Top2 complexes deal with the topological challenges in different chromatin contexts, and whether all chromosomal contexts are subjected equally to torsional stress and require Top2 activity is unknown. Here we show that catalytic inhibition of the Top2 complex in interphase has a profound effect on the stability of heterochromatin and repetitive DNA elements. Mechanistically, we find that catalytically inactive Top2 is trapped around heterochromatin leading to DNA breaks and unresolved catenates, which necessitate the recruitment of the structure specific endonuclease, Ercc1-XPF, in an SLX4- and SUMO-dependent manner. Our data are consistent with a model in which Top2 complex resolves not only catenates between sister chromatids but also inter-chromosomal catenates between clustered repetitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Amoiridis
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - John Verigos
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Karen Meaburn
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - William H Gittens
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Matthew J Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Evi Soutoglou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK.
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4
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Xie S, Sun Y, Zhao X, Xiao Y, Zhou F, Lin L, Wang W, Lin B, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang L, Zhang Y. An update of the molecular mechanisms underlying anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406247. [PMID: 38989148 PMCID: PMC11234178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline drugs mainly include doxorubicin, epirubicin, pirarubicin, and aclamycin, which are widely used to treat a variety of malignant tumors, such as breast cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, lymphoma, etc. With the accumulation of anthracycline drugs in the body, they can induce serious heart damage, limiting their clinical application. The mechanism by which anthracycline drugs cause cardiotoxicity is not yet clear. This review provides an overview of the different types of cardiac damage induced by anthracycline-class drugs and delves into the molecular mechanisms behind these injuries. Cardiac damage primarily involves alterations in myocardial cell function and pathological cell death, encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction, topoisomerase inhibition, disruptions in iron ion metabolism, myofibril degradation, and oxidative stress. Mechanisms of uptake and transport in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity are emphasized, as well as the role and breakthroughs of iPSC in cardiotoxicity studies. Selected novel cardioprotective therapies and mechanisms are updated. Mechanisms and protective strategies associated with anthracycline cardiotoxicity in animal experiments are examined, and the definition of drug damage in humans and animal models is discussed. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance in mitigating anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity and guiding the development of safer approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqun Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics, Future Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Pharmacy and Individualized Therapy of Huzhou, Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixuan Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Pharmacy and Individualized Therapy of Huzhou, Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
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5
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Endsley CE, Moore KA, Townsley TD, Durston KK, Deweese JE. Bioinformatic Analysis of Topoisomerase IIα Reveals Interdomain Interdependencies and Critical C-Terminal Domain Residues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5674. [PMID: 38891861 PMCID: PMC11172036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA Topoisomerase IIα (Top2A) is a nuclear enzyme that is a cancer drug target, and there is interest in identifying novel sites on the enzyme to inhibit cancer cells more selectively and to reduce off-target toxicity. The C-terminal domain (CTD) is one potential target, but it is an intrinsically disordered domain, which prevents structural analysis. Therefore, we set out to analyze the sequence of Top2A from 105 species using bioinformatic analysis, including the PSICalc algorithm, Shannon entropy analysis, and other approaches. Our results demonstrate that large (10th-order) interdependent clusters are found including non-proximal positions across the major domains of Top2A. Further, CTD-specific clusters of the third, fourth, and fifth order, including positions that had been previously analyzed via mutation and biochemical assays, were identified. Some of these clusters coincided with positions that, when mutated, either increased or decreased relaxation activity. Finally, sites of low Shannon entropy (i.e., low variation in amino acids at a given site) were identified and mapped as key positions in the CTD. Included in the low-entropy sites are phosphorylation sites and charged positions. Together, these results help to build a clearer picture of the critical positions in the CTD and provide potential sites/regions for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark E. Endsley
- Biological, Physical, and Human Sciences Department, Freed-Hardeman University, Henderson, TN 38340, USA
| | - Kori A. Moore
- Biological, Physical, and Human Sciences Department, Freed-Hardeman University, Henderson, TN 38340, USA
| | | | - Kirk K. Durston
- Department of Research and Publications, Digital Strategies, Langley, BC V2Y 1N5, Canada
| | - Joseph E. Deweese
- Biological, Physical, and Human Sciences Department, Freed-Hardeman University, Henderson, TN 38340, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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6
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Kuang W, Zhao Y, Li J, Deng Z. Structure-function analysis of the ATPase domain of African swine fever virus topoisomerase. mBio 2024; 15:e0308623. [PMID: 38411066 PMCID: PMC11005426 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03086-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type II topoisomerase utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis to alter DNA topology during genome replication and transcription. The ATPase domain of this enzyme is required for ATP hydrolysis and plays a crucial role in coupling DNA binding and ATP turnover with the DNA strand passage reaction. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) specifically encodes a topoisomerase II (topo II), which is critical for viral replication and an attractive target for antiviral development. Here, we present a high-resolution crystal structure of the ASFV topo II ATPase domain complexed with the substrate analog AMPPNP. Structural comparison reveals that the ASFV topo II ATPase domain shares a conserved overall structure with its homologs from eukaryotes and prokaryotes but also has three characteristic regions, including the intra-molecular interface formed by the ATP-lid and QTK loop as well as helix α9, the K-loop in the transducer domain, and the antennae-like α-helix at the ATP binding domain. Mutating the key residues within these three regions impairs or abolishes the basal and DNA-stimulated ATPase activities and reduces or eliminates the relaxation activity of the holoenzyme. Our data indicate that all three regions are functionally important for the ATPase and relaxation activities and strongly suggest that ATP hydrolysis, DNA binding, and strand passage are highly coupled and managed by the allosteric coordination of multiple domains of the type II topoisomerase. Moreover, we find a promising druggable pocket in the dimeric interface of the ASFV topo II ATPase domain, which will benefit future anti-ASFV drug development. IMPORTANCE The ATPase domain of type II topoisomerase provides energy by hydrolyzing ATP and coordinates with the DNA-binding/cleavage domain to drive and control DNA transport. The precise molecular mechanisms of how these domains respond to DNA binding and ATP hydrolysis signals and communicate with each other remain elusive. We determine the first high-resolution crystal structure of the ATPase domain of African swine fever virus (ASFV) topo II in complex with AMPPNP and biochemically investigate its function in ATPase and DNA relaxation activities. Importantly, we find that mutations at three characteristic regions of the ASFV ATPase domain produce parallel effects on the basal/DNA-stimulated ATPase and relaxation activities, implying the tight coupling of the ATP hydrolysis and strand passage process. Therefore, our data provide important implications for understanding the strand passage mechanism of the type II topoisomerase and the structural basis for developing ATPase domain-targeting antivirals against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Antiviral Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Antiviral Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Antiviral Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Antiviral Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Chang CWM, Wang SC, Wang CH, Pang AH, Yang CH, Chang YK, Wu WJ, Tsai MD. A unified view on enzyme catalysis by cryo-EM study of a DNA topoisomerase. Commun Chem 2024; 7:45. [PMID: 38418525 PMCID: PMC10901890 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The theories for substrate recognition in enzyme catalysis have evolved from lock-key to induced fit, then conformational selection, and conformational selection followed by induced fit. However, the prevalence and consensus of these theories require further examination. Here we use cryogenic electron microscopy and African swine fever virus type 2 topoisomerase (AsfvTop2) to demonstrate substrate binding theories in a joint and ordered manner: catalytic selection by the enzyme, conformational selection by the substrates, then induced fit. The apo-AsfvTop2 pre-exists in six conformers that comply with the two-gate mechanism directing DNA passage and release in the Top2 catalytic cycle. The structures of AsfvTop2-DNA-inhibitor complexes show that substantial induced-fit changes occur locally from the closed apo-conformer that however is too far-fetched for the open apo-conformer. Furthermore, the ATPase domain of AsfvTop2 in the MgAMP-PNP-bound crystal structures coexist in reduced and oxidized forms involving a disulfide bond, which can regulate the AsfvTop2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Wen Mary Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiung Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Allan H Pang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Han Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kai Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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8
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Petsalaki E, Balafouti S, Kyriazi AA, Zachos G. The abscission checkpoint senses chromatin bridges through Top2α recruitment to DNA knots. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303123. [PMID: 37638884 PMCID: PMC10461104 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to chromatin bridges, the abscission checkpoint delays completion of cytokinesis to prevent chromosome breakage or tetraploidization. Here, we show that spontaneous or replication stress-induced chromatin bridges exhibit "knots" of catenated and overtwisted DNA next to the midbody. Topoisomerase IIα (Top2α) forms abortive Top2-DNA cleavage complexes (Top2ccs) on DNA knots; furthermore, impaired Top2α-DNA cleavage activity correlates with chromatin bridge breakage in cytokinesis. Proteasomal degradation of Top2ccs is required for Rad17 localization to Top2-generated double-strand DNA ends on DNA knots; in turn, Rad17 promotes local recruitment of the MRN complex and downstream ATM-Chk2-INCENP signaling to delay abscission and prevent chromatin breakage. In contrast, dicentric chromosomes that do not exhibit knotted DNA fail to activate the abscission checkpoint in human cells. These findings are the first to describe a mechanism by which the abscission checkpoint detects chromatin bridges, through generation of abortive Top2ccs on DNA knots, to preserve genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsalaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Balafouti
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George Zachos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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9
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Dewey JA, Delalande C, Azizi SA, Lu V, Antonopoulos D, Babnigg G. Molecular Glue Discovery: Current and Future Approaches. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9278-9296. [PMID: 37437222 PMCID: PMC10805529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular interactions of biomolecules can be maneuvered to redirect signaling, reprogram the cell cycle, or decrease infectivity using only a few dozen atoms. Such "molecular glues," which can drive both novel and known interactions between protein partners, represent an enticing therapeutic strategy. Here, we review the methods and approaches that have led to the identification of small-molecule molecular glues. We first classify current FDA-approved molecular glues to facilitate the selection of discovery methods. We then survey two broad discovery method strategies, where we highlight the importance of factors such as experimental conditions, software packages, and genetic tools for success. We hope that this curation of methodologies for directed discovery will inspire diverse research efforts targeting a multitude of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Dewey
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Clémence Delalande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vivian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dionysios Antonopoulos
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gyorgy Babnigg
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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11
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Le TT, Wu M, Lee JH, Bhatt N, Inman JT, Berger JM, Wang MD. Etoposide promotes DNA loop trapping and barrier formation by topoisomerase II. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:641-650. [PMID: 36717711 PMCID: PMC10154222 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide is a broadly employed chemotherapeutic and eukaryotic topoisomerase II poison that stabilizes cleaved DNA intermediates to promote DNA breakage and cytotoxicity. How etoposide perturbs topoisomerase dynamics is not known. Here we investigated the action of etoposide on yeast topoisomerase II, human topoisomerase IIα and human topoisomerase IIβ using several sensitive single-molecule detection methods. Unexpectedly, we found that etoposide induces topoisomerase to trap DNA loops, compacting DNA and restructuring DNA topology. Loop trapping occurs after ATP hydrolysis but before strand ejection from the enzyme. Although etoposide decreases the innate stability of topoisomerase dimers, it increases the ability of the enzyme to act as a stable roadblock. Interestingly, the three topoisomerases show similar etoposide-mediated resistance to dimer separation and sliding along DNA but different abilities to compact DNA and chirally relax DNA supercoils. These data provide unique mechanistic insights into the functional consequences of etoposide on topoisomerase II dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung T Le
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Physics and LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Meiling Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Physics and LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joyce H Lee
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neti Bhatt
- Department of Physics and LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James T Inman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Physics and LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James M Berger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle D Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics and LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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12
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Dvořák Tomaštíková E, Prochazkova K, Yang F, Jemelkova J, Finke A, Dorn A, Said M, Puchta H, Pecinka A. SMC5/6 complex-mediated SUMOylation stimulates DNA-protein cross-link repair in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1532-1547. [PMID: 36705512 PMCID: PMC10118267 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are highly toxic DNA lesions consisting of proteins covalently attached to chromosomal DNA. Unrepaired DPCs physically block DNA replication and transcription. Three DPC repair pathways have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to date: the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA by the structure-specific endonuclease MUS81; proteolytic degradation of the crosslinked protein by the metalloprotease WSS1A; and cleavage of the cross-link phosphodiester bonds by the tyrosyl phosphodiesterases TDP1 and TDP2. Here we describe the evolutionary conserved STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMEs SMC5/6 complex as a crucial component involved in DPC repair. We identified multiple alleles of the SMC5/6 complex core subunit gene SMC6B via a forward-directed genetic screen designed to identify the factors involved in the repair of DPCs induced by the cytidine analog zebularine. We monitored plant growth and cell death in response to DPC-inducing chemicals, which revealed that the SMC5/6 complex is essential for the repair of several types of DPCs. Genetic interaction and sensitivity assays showed that the SMC5/6 complex works in parallel to the endonucleolytic and proteolytic pathways. The repair of zebularine-induced DPCs was associated with SMC5/6-dependent SUMOylation of the damage sites. Thus, we present the SMC5/6 complex as an important factor in plant DPC repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klara Prochazkova
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fen Yang
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Jemelkova
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research (NCBR), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Annika Dorn
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 9 Gamma Street, Giza, 12619, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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13
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Skok Ž, Durcik M, Zajec Ž, Gramec Skledar D, Bozovičar K, Pišlar A, Tomašič T, Zega A, Peterlin Mašič L, Kikelj D, Zidar N, Ilaš J. ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα with improved antiproliferative activity based on N-phenylpyrrolamide scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115116. [PMID: 36689894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase II show potential for becoming the successors of topoisomerase II poisons, the clinically successful anticancer drugs. Based on our recent screening hits, we designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated new, improved series of N-phenylpyrrolamide DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Six structural classes were prepared to systematically explore the chemical space of N-phenylpyrrolamide based inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor, 47d, had an IC50 value of 0.67 μM against DNA topoisomerase IIα. Compound 53b showed exceptional activity on cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 130 nM against HepG2 and 140 nM against MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The reported compounds have no structurally similarity to published structures, they are metabolically stable, have reasonable solubility and thus can serve as promising leads in the development of anticancer ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Skok
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Durcik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Zajec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Gramec Skledar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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14
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Morotomi-Yano K, Hiromoto Y, Higaki T, Yano KI. Disease-associated H58Y mutation affects the nuclear dynamics of human DNA topoisomerase IIβ. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20627. [PMID: 36450898 PMCID: PMC9712534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) is an enzyme that resolves DNA topological problems and plays critical roles in various nuclear processes. Recently, a heterozygous H58Y substitution in the ATPase domain of human TOP2B was identified from patients with autism spectrum disorder, but its biological significance remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the nuclear dynamics of TOP2B with H58Y (TOP2B H58Y). Although wild-type TOP2B was highly mobile in the nucleus of a living cell, the nuclear mobility of TOP2B H58Y was markedly reduced, suggesting that the impact of H58Y manifests as low protein mobility. We found that TOP2B H58Y is insensitive to ICRF-187, a TOP2 inhibitor that halts TOP2 as a closed clamp on DNA. When the ATPase activity of TOP2B was compromised, the nuclear mobility of TOP2B H58Y was restored to wild-type levels, indicating the contribution of the ATPase activity to the low nuclear mobility. Analysis of genome-edited cells harboring TOP2B H58Y showed that TOP2B H58Y retains sensitivity to the TOP2 poison etoposide, implying that TOP2B H58Y can undergo at least a part of its catalytic reactions. Collectively, TOP2 H58Y represents a unique example of the relationship between a disease-associated mutation and perturbed protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Morotomi-Yano
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiromoto
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan ,grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yano
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan ,grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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15
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Kondaka K, Gabriel I. Targeting DNA Topoisomerase II in Antifungal Chemotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227768. [PMID: 36431868 PMCID: PMC9698242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase inhibitors have been in use clinically for the treatment of several diseases for decades. Although those enzymes are significant molecular targets in antibacterial and anticancer chemotherapy very little is known about the possibilities to target fungal topoisomerase II (topo II). Raising concern for the fungal infections, lack of effective drugs and a phenomenon of multidrug resistance underlie a strong need to expand the range of therapeutic options. In this review paper, we discussed the usefulness of fungal topo II as a molecular target for new drug discovery. On the basis of previously published data, we described structural and biochemical differences between fungal and human enzymes as well as a molecular basis of differential sensitivity to known anticancer drugs targeting the latter. This review focuses especially on highlighting the differences that may underlie the selectivity of action of new inhibitors. Distinct sites within fungal topo II in comparison with human counterparts are observed and should be further studied to understand the significance of those sites and their possible usage in design of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Gabriel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-348-6078; Fax: +48-58-347-1144
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16
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Becerra LD, Ospina F, Coy-Barrera E, Quiroga D. Synthesis ( Z) vs ( E) Selectivity, Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum, and Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from l-Tryptophan. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24714-24726. [PMID: 35874194 PMCID: PMC9301946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases are widely used molecules due to their potential biological activity. In this manuscript, we presented the synthesis and NMR study of new enamine Schiff bases derived from l-tryptophan, showing that the Z-form of the enamine is the main tautomeric form for aliphatic precursors. The DFT-B3LYP methodology at the 6-311+G**(d,p) level suggested that the tautomeric imine forms are less stable than the corresponding enamine forms. Their isomerism depends on the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric factors associated with the starting carbonyl precursors. The in vitro biological activity tests against Fusarium oxysporum revealed that acetylacetone derivatives are the most active agents (IC50 < 0.9 mM); however, the antifungal activity could be disfavored by bulky groups on ester and enamine moieties. Finally, the structure-based virtual screening through molecular docking and MM-GBSA rescoring revealed that Schiff bases 3e, 3g, and 3j behave putatively as binders for target proteins involved in the life processes of F. oxysporum. In this sense, molecular dynamics analysis showed that the ligand-protein complexes have good stability with root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values within the allowed range. Therefore, the present study paves the way for designing new antifungal compounds based on l-tryptophan-derived Schiff bases.
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17
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Gaikwad M, Konkimalla VB, Salunke-Gawali S. Metal complexes as topoisomerase inhibitors. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Isolation, crystal structure, absolute configuration and molecular docking of butyrolactone I as a potential inhibitor of topoisomerase II. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ling EM, Baslé A, Cowell IG, van den Berg B, Blower TR, Austin CA. A comprehensive structural analysis of the ATPase domain of human DNA topoisomerase II beta bound to AMPPNP, ADP, and the bisdioxopiperazine, ICRF193. Structure 2022; 30:1129-1145.e3. [PMID: 35660158 PMCID: PMC9592559 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) modulates DNA topology using energy from ATP hydrolysis. To investigate the conformational changes that occur during ATP hydrolysis, we determined the X-ray crystallographic structures of the human TOP2B ATPase domain bound to AMPPNP or ADP at 1.9 Å and 2.6 Å resolution, respectively. The GHKL domains of both structures are similar, whereas the QTK loop within the transducer domain can move for product release. As TOP2B is the clinical target of bisdioxopiperazines, we also determined the structure of a TOP2B:ADP:ICRF193 complex to 2.3 Å resolution and identified key drug-binding residues. Biochemical characterization revealed the N-terminal strap reduces the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Mutagenesis demonstrated residue E103 as essential for ATP hydrolysis in TOP2B. Our data provide fundamental insights into the tertiary structure of the human TOP2B ATPase domain and a potential regulatory mechanism for ATP hydrolysis. Three structures of the TOP2B ATPase domain bound to AMPPNP, ADP, or ICRF193 The QTK loop in the ADP complex is further from the active site An SO4 ion is in place of the ATP hydrolysis product, Pi Biochemical data show the N-terminal strap reduces the ATPase hydrolysis activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Ling
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ian G Cowell
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bert van den Berg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tim R Blower
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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20
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Nickoloff JA, Sharma N, Taylor L, Allen SJ, Lee SH, Hromas R. Metnase and EEPD1: DNA Repair Functions and Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:808757. [PMID: 35155245 PMCID: PMC8831698 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.808757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling and DNA repair systems, described as the DNA damage response (DDR). Clarifying DDR pathways and their dysregulation in cancer are important for understanding cancer etiology, how cancer cells exploit the DDR to survive endogenous and treatment-related stress, and to identify DDR targets as therapeutic targets. Cancer is often treated with genotoxic chemicals and/or ionizing radiation. These agents are cytotoxic because they induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) directly, or indirectly by inducing replication stress which causes replication fork collapse to DSBs. EEPD1 and Metnase are structure-specific nucleases, and Metnase is also a protein methyl transferase that methylates histone H3 and itself. EEPD1 and Metnase promote repair of frank, two-ended DSBs, and both promote the timely and accurate restart of replication forks that have collapsed to single-ended DSBs. In addition to its roles in HR, Metnase also promotes DSB repair by classical non-homologous recombination, and chromosome decatenation mediated by TopoIIα. Although mutations in Metnase and EEPD1 are not common in cancer, both proteins are frequently overexpressed, which may help tumor cells manage oncogenic stress or confer resistance to therapeutics. Here we focus on Metnase and EEPD1 DNA repair pathways, and discuss opportunities for targeting these pathways to enhance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sage J Allen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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21
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Moreira F, Arenas M, Videira A, Pereira F. Evolutionary History of TOPIIA Topoisomerases in Animals. J Mol Evol 2022; 90:149-165. [PMID: 35165762 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TOPIIA topoisomerases are required for the regulation of DNA topology by DNA cleavage and re-ligation and are important targets of antibiotic and anticancer agents. Humans possess two TOPIIA paralogue genes (TOP2A and TOP2B) with high sequence and structural similarity but distinct cellular functions. Despite their functional and clinical relevance, the evolutionary history of TOPIIA is still poorly understood. Here we show that TOPIIA is highly conserved in Metazoa. We also found that TOPIIA paralogues from jawed and jawless vertebrates had different origins related with tetraploidization events. After duplication, TOP2B evolved under a stronger purifying selection than TOP2A, perhaps promoted by the more specialized role of TOP2B in postmitotic cells. We also detected genetic signatures of positive selection in the highly variable C-terminal domain (CTD), possibly associated with adaptation to cellular interactions. By comparing TOPIIA from modern and archaic humans, we found two amino acid substitutions in the TOP2A CTD, suggesting that TOP2A may have contributed to the evolution of present-day humans, as proposed for other cell cycle-related genes. Finally, we identified six residues conferring resistance to chemotherapy differing between TOP2A and TOP2B. These six residues could be targets for the development of TOP2A-specific inhibitors that would avoid the side effects caused by inhibiting TOP2B. Altogether, our findings clarify the origin, diversification and selection pressures governing the evolution of animal TOPIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Arenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Arnaldo Videira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pereira
- IDENTIFICA Genetic Testing, Rua Simão Bolívar 259 3º Dir Tras, 4470-214, Maia, Portugal.
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
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22
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Wu BB, Leung KT, Poon ENY. Mitochondrial-Targeted Therapy for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1912. [PMID: 35163838 PMCID: PMC8837080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, but their clinical use is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Despite decades of research, treatment options remain limited. The mitochondria is commonly considered to be the main target of doxorubicin and mitochondrial dysfunction is the hallmark of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we review the pathogenic mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and present an update on cardioprotective strategies for this disorder. Specifically, we focus on strategies that can protect the mitochondria and cover different therapeutic modalities encompassing small molecules, post-transcriptional regulators, and mitochondrial transfer. We also discuss the shortcomings of existing models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and explore advances in the use of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as a platform to facilitate the identification of novel treatments against this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bin Wu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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Identification of a novel catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II alpha that engages distinct mechanisms in p53 wt or p53 -/- cells to trigger G2/M arrest and senescence. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:284-303. [PMID: 34843865 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel topoisomerase IIα inhibitor, mercaptopyridine oxide (MPO), which induces G2/M arrest and senescence with distinctly different cell cycle regulators (p21 or p14ARF) in HCT116p 53WT and HCT116 p53-/- cells, respectively. MPO treatment induced defective topoisomerase IIα-mediated decatenation process and inhibition of the enzyme's catalytic activity that stalled entry into mitosis. Topoisomerase IIα inhibition was associated with ROS-mediated activation of ATM-Chk2 kinase axis in HCT116 p53WT cells, but not in HCT116 p53-/- cells displaying early Chk1 activation. Results suggest that E2F1 stabilization might link MPO-induced p53 phospho-activation in HCT116 p53WT cells or p14ARF induction in HCT116 p53-/- cells. Also, interaction between topoisomerase IIα and Chk1 was induced in both cell lines, which could be important for decatenation checkpoint activation, even upon p53 ablation. Notably, TCGA dataset analyses revealed topoisomerase IIα upregulation across a wide array of cancers, which was associated with lower overall survival. Corroborating that increased topoisomerase IIα expression might offer susceptibility to the novel inhibitor, MPO (5 μM) induced strong inhibition in colony forming ability of pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer cell lines. These data highlight a novel topoisomerase IIα inhibitor and provide proof-of-concept for its therapeutic potential against cancers even with loss-of-function of p53.
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El-Zahabi HSA, Nossier ES, Mousa SM, Hassan H, Shalaby ASG, Arafa RK. Antibacterial and anticancer profiling of new benzocaine derivatives: Design, synthesis, and molecular mechanism of action. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100451. [PMID: 35102593 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The need for new chemotherapeutics to overcome development of resistance merits research to discover new agents. Benzocaine derivatives are essential compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their various biological activities including antibacterial and anticancer activities. Therefore, this study focuses on the synthesis of new benzocaine derivatives 3a-e, 6, 7a and 7b, 8, 10-14, and 16a-d and their in vitro evaluation as antibacterial agents against gram +ve and -ve strains and as anticancer agents against HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. The obtained results demonstrated that thiazolidines 6 and 7b showed higher antibacterial and anticancer activity in comparison with the reference drugs. In addition, 6 and 7b showed high potency as inhibitors toward their biological targets, that is DNA gyrase and human topoisomerase IIα, as compared to the reference standard drugs novobiocin and etoposide, respectively. Molecular docking demonstrated that both compounds could identify the active site of their target enzymes and develop effective binding interactions. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) and drug-likeness predictions of both compounds showed that they both have good ADME profiles and no structural alerts that might cause toxicity. Based on this, 6 and 7b could serve as lead compounds for the design of more potent antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S A El-Zahabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safya M Mousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Hassan
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Al Shimaa G Shalaby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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25
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Parra-Nunez P, Cooper C, Sanchez-Moran E. The Role of DNA Topoisomerase Binding Protein 1 (TopBP1) in Genome Stability in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122568. [PMID: 34961037 PMCID: PMC8706423 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II (TOPII) plays a very important role in DNA topology and in different biological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, repair, and chromosome condensation in higher eukaryotes. TOPII has been found to interact directly with a protein called topoisomerase II binding protein 1 (TopBP1) which also seems to have important roles in DNA replication and repair. In this study, we conducted different experiments to assess the roles of TopBP1 in DNA repair, mitosis, and meiosis, exploring the relationship between TOPII activity and TopBP1. We found that topbp1 mutant seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were hypersensitive to cisplatin treatment and the inhibition of TOPII with etoposide produced similar hypersensitivity levels. Furthermore, we recognised that there were no significant differences between the WT and topbp1 seedlings treated with cisplatin and etoposide together, suggesting that the hypersensitivity to cisplatin in the topbp1 mutant could be related to the functional interaction between TOPII and TopBP1. Somatic and meiotic anaphase bridges appeared in the topbp1 mutant at similar frequencies to those when TOPII was inhibited with merbarone, etoposide, or ICFR-187. The effects on meiosis of TOPII inhibition were produced at S phase/G2 stage, suggesting that catenanes could be produced at the onset of meiosis. Thus, if the processing of the catenanes is impaired, some anaphase bridges can be formed. Also, the appearance of anaphase bridges at first and second division is discussed.
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Sawicki KT, Sala V, Prever L, Hirsch E, Ardehali H, Ghigo A. Preventing and Treating Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: New Insights. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 61:309-332. [PMID: 33022184 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030620-104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are the cornerstone of many chemotherapy regimens for a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, their use is limited by a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Despite more than five decades of research, the biological mechanisms underlying anthracycline cardiotoxicity are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the incidence, risk factors, types, and pathophysiology of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, as well as methods to prevent and treat this condition. We also summarize and discuss advances made in the last decade in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Teodor Sawicki
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
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27
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Prodrug of ICRF-193 provides promising protective effects against chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity in a rabbit model in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1897-1914. [PMID: 34318878 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The anthracycline (ANT) anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin or daunorubicin (DAU) can cause serious myocardial injury and chronic cardiac dysfunction in cancer survivors. A bisdioxopiperazine agent dexrazoxane (DEX) has been developed as a cardioprotective drug to prevent these adverse events, but it is uncertain whether it is the best representative of the class. The present study used a rabbit model of chronic ANT cardiotoxicity to examine another bisdioxopiperazine compound called GK-667 (meso-(butane-2,3-diylbis(2,6-dioxopiperazine-4,1-diyl))bis(methylene)-bis(2-aminoacetate) hydrochloride), a water-soluble prodrug of ICRF-193 (meso-4,4'-(butan-2,3-diyl)bis(piperazine-2,6-dione)), as a potential cardioprotectant. The cardiotoxicity was induced by DAU (3 mg/kg, intravenously, weekly, 10 weeks), and GK-667 (1 or 5 mg/kg, intravenously) was administered before each DAU dose. The treatment with GK-667 was well tolerated and provided full protection against DAU-induced mortality and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (determined by echocardiography and LV catheterization). Markers of cardiac damage/dysfunction revealed minor cardiac damage in the group co-treated with GK-667 in the lower dose, whereas almost full protection was achieved with the higher dose. This was associated with similar prevention of DAU-induced dysregulation of redox and calcium homeostasis proteins. GK-667 dose-dependently prevented tumor suppressor p53 (p53)-mediated DNA damage response in the LV myocardium not only in the chronic experiment but also after single DAU administration. These effects appear essential for cardioprotection, presumably because of the topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) inhibition provided by its active metabolite ICRF-193. In addition, GK-667 administration did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of DAU and its main metabolite daunorubicinol (DAUol) in rabbits in vivo. Hence, GK-667 merits further investigation as a promising drug candidate for cardioprotection against chronic ANT cardiotoxicity.
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28
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Yu C, Hu J, Luyten W, Sun D, Jiang T. Identification of novel topoisomerase II alpha inhibitors by virtual screening, molecular docking, and bioassay. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:92-102. [PMID: 34310071 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common tumors, and its treatment still leaves room for improvement. Topoisomerase II alpha is a potential target for the treatment of human diseases such as breast cancer. In this article, we attempted to discover a novel anticancer drug. We have used the topoisomerase II alpha protein-Homo sapiens (Human) to hierarchically screen the Maybridge database. Based on their docking score, the top hit compounds have been assayed for inhibition in a topoisomerase II pBR322 DNA relaxation assay in vitro. Candidate compound 6 (CP6) was found to have the best inhibitory effect for topoisomerase II among the 20 tested compounds. In addition, CP6 had potent cytotoxicity against eight tested tumor cell lines. At the same time, CP6 was shown to have potential anti-multidrug resistance capabilities. This study identifies CP6, which can contribute to the development of new topoisomerase II inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Walter Luyten
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dan Sun
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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29
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Shaaban M, Magdy El-Metwally M, Mekawey AAI, Abdelwahab AB, Soltan MM. Monascin and monascinol, azaphilonoid pigments from Mortierella polycephala AM1: in silico and in vitro targeting of the angiogenic VEGFR2 kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:11-19. [PMID: 34265877 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The fungus, Mortierella polycephala is one of the most productive sources of anticancer bioactive compounds namely those of pigment nature. During our investigation of the produced bioactive metabolites by the terrestrial M. polycephala AM1 isolated from Egyptian poultry feather waste, two main azaphilonoid pigments, monascin (1) and monascinol (2) were obtained as major products; their structures were identified by 1D (1H&13C) and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMBC) NMR and HRESI-MS spectroscopic data. Biologically, cytotoxic activities of these compounds were broadly studied compared with the fungal extract. To predict the biological target for the presumed antitumor activity, an in silico study was run toward three proteins, topoisomerase IIα, topoisomerase IIβ, and VEGFR2 kinase. Monascinol (2) was expected to be moderately active against VEGFR2 kinase without any anticipated inhibition toward topo II isoforms. The in vitro study confirmed the docked investigation consistently and introduced monascinol (2) rather than its counterpart (1) as a potent inhibitor to the tested VEGFR2 kinase. Taxonomically, the fungus was identified using morphological and genetic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shaaban
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, El-Behoos St. 33, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Amal A I Mekawey
- Fungal Identification Unit, The Regional Center of Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Abdelwahab
- Plant Advanced Technologies, 19 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Maha M Soltan
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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30
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Jirkovská A, Karabanovich G, Kubeš J, Skalická V, Melnikova I, Korábečný J, Kučera T, Jirkovský E, Nováková L, Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Škoda J, Štěrba M, Austin CA, Šimůnek T, Roh J. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Dexrazoxane Analogues Reveals ICRF-193 as the Most Potent Bisdioxopiperazine against Anthracycline Toxicity to Cardiomyocytes Due to Its Strong Topoisomerase IIβ Interactions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3997-4019. [PMID: 33750129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardioprotective activity of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved drug against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, has traditionally been attributed to its iron-chelating metabolite. However, recent experimental evidence suggested that the inhibition and/or depletion of topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) by dexrazoxane could be cardioprotective. Hence, we evaluated a series of dexrazoxane analogues and found that their cardioprotective activity strongly correlated with their interaction with TOP2B in cardiomyocytes, but was independent of their iron chelation ability. Very tight structure-activity relationships were demonstrated on stereoisomeric forms of 4,4'-(butane-2,3-diyl)bis(piperazine-2,6-dione). In contrast to its rac-form 12, meso-derivative 11 (ICRF-193) showed a favorable binding mode to topoisomerase II in silico, inhibited and depleted TOP2B in cardiomyocytes more efficiently than dexrazoxane, and showed the highest cardioprotective efficiency. Importantly, the observed ICRF-193 cardioprotection did not interfere with the antiproliferative activity of anthracycline. Hence, this study identifies ICRF-193 as the new lead compound in the development of efficient cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jirkovská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skalická
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Škoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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31
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Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Sun Y, Dao N, Ngo H, Dammalapati M, Vaidyanathan A, Singh M, Haqqani S, Haueis J, Finnegan R, Deng X, Kirberger SE, Bos PD, Bandyopadhyay D, Pomerantz WCK, Pommier Y, Gewirtz DA, Landry JW. Autophagy-Dependent Sensitization of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Models to Topoisomerase II Poisons by Inhibition of the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1338-1349. [PMID: 33811160 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators can modulate the effects of cancer therapeutics. To further these observations, we discovered that the bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor subunit (BPTF) of the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) promotes resistance to doxorubicin, etoposide, and paclitaxel in the 4T1 breast tumor cell line. BPTF functions in promoting resistance to doxorubicin and etoposide, but not paclitaxel, and may be selective to cancer cells, as a similar effect was not observed in embryonic stem cells. Sensitization to doxorubicin and etoposide with BPTF knockdown (KD) was associated with increased DNA damage, topoisomerase II (TOP2) crosslinking and autophagy; however, there was only a modest increase in apoptosis and no increase in senescence. Sensitization to doxorubicin was confirmed in vivo with the syngeneic 4T1 breast tumor model using both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BPTF. The effects of BPTF inhibition in vivo are autophagy dependent, based on genetic autophagy inhibition. Finally, treatment of 4T1, 66cl4, 4T07, MDA-MB-231, but not ER-positive 67NR and MCF7 breast cancer cells with the selective BPTF bromodomain inhibitor, AU1, recapitulates genetic BPTF inhibition, including in vitro sensitization to doxorubicin, increased TOP2-DNA crosslinks and DNA damage. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that BPTF provides resistance to the antitumor activity of TOP2 poisons, preventing the resolution of TOP2 crosslinking and associated autophagy. These studies suggest that BPTF can be targeted with small-molecule inhibitors to enhance the effectiveness of TOP2-targeted cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. IMPLICATIONS: These studies suggest NURF can be inhibited pharmacologically as a viable strategy to improve chemotherapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nga Dao
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hannah Ngo
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mallika Dammalapati
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ashish Vaidyanathan
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Manjulata Singh
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Syed Haqqani
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joshua Haueis
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan Finnegan
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Steve E Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paula D Bos
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A Gewirtz
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joseph W Landry
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
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32
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Matias-Barrios VM, Radaeva M, Song Y, Alperstein Z, Lee AR, Schmitt V, Lee J, Ban F, Xie N, Qi J, Lallous N, Gleave ME, Cherkasov A, Dong X. Discovery of New Catalytic Topoisomerase II Inhibitors for Anticancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2021; 10:633142. [PMID: 33598437 PMCID: PMC7883873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.633142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poison inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) are clinically used drugs that cause cancer cell death by inducing DNA damage, which mechanism of action is also associated with serious side effects such as secondary malignancy and cardiotoxicity. In contrast, TOP2 catalytic inhibitors induce limited DNA damage, have low cytotoxicity, and are effective in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. They have been sought after to be prospective anticancer therapies. Herein the discovery of new TOP2 catalytic inhibitors is described. A new druggable pocket of TOP2 protein at its DNA binding domain was used as a docking site to virtually screen ~6 million molecules from the ZINC15 library. The lead compound, T60, was characterized to be a catalytic TOP2 inhibitor that binds TOP2 protein and disrupts TOP2 from interacting with DNA, resulting in no DNA cleavage. It has low cytotoxicity, but strongly inhibits cancer cell proliferation and xenograft growth. T60 also inhibits androgen receptor activity and prostate cancer cell growth. These results indicate that T60 is a promising candidate compound that can be further developed into new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Matias-Barrios
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mariia Radaeva
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Song
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaccary Alperstein
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ahn R Lee
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronika Schmitt
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lee
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ning Xie
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nada Lallous
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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33
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Zhai X, El Hiani Y. Getting Lost in the Cell-Lysosomal Entrapment of Chemotherapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3669. [PMID: 33297435 PMCID: PMC7762281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, resistance to chemotherapy still poses a major obstacle in clinical oncology. An exciting strategy to circumvent chemoresistance involves the identification and subsequent disruption of cellular processes that are aberrantly altered in oncogenic states. Upon chemotherapeutic challenges, lysosomes are deemed to be essential mediators that enable cellular adaptation to stress conditions. Therefore, lysosomes potentially hold the key to disarming the fundamental mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review explores modes of action of classical chemotherapeutic agents, adaptive response of the lysosomes to cell stress, and presents physiological and pharmacological insights pertaining to drug compartmentalization, sequestration, and extracellular clearance through the lens of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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34
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Buzun K, Bielawska A, Bielawski K, Gornowicz A. DNA topoisomerases as molecular targets for anticancer drugs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1781-1799. [PMID: 32975138 PMCID: PMC7534307 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1821676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant role of topoisomerases in the control of DNA chain topology has been confirmed in numerous research conducted worldwide. The prevalence of these enzymes, as well as the key importance of topoisomerase in the proper functioning of cells, have made them the target of many scientific studies conducted all over the world. This article is a comprehensive review of knowledge about topoisomerases and their inhibitors collected over the years. Studies on the structure-activity relationship and molecular docking are one of the key elements driving drug development. In addition to information on molecular targets, this article contains details on the structure-activity relationship of described classes of compounds. Moreover, the work also includes details about the structure of the compounds that drive the mode of action of topoisomerase inhibitors. Finally, selected topoisomerases inhibitors at the stage of clinical trials and their potential application in the chemotherapy of various cancers are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Buzun
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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35
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Inhibition of histone deacetylases, topoisomerases and epidermal growth factor receptor by metal-based anticancer agents: Design & synthetic strategies and their medicinal attributes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104396. [PMID: 33130345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC), DNA topoisomerases (Topos) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) have demonstrated their cytotoxic potential against various cancer types such as breast, lung, uterus, colon, etc. Additionally, these have proven their role in resolving the resistance issues, enhancing the affinity, lipophilicity, stability, and biocompatibility and therefore, emerged as potential candidates for molecularly targeted therapeutics. This review focusses on nature and role of metals and organic ligands in tuning the anticancer activity in multiple modes of inhibition considering HDACs, Topos or EGFR as one of the primary targets. The conceptual design and synthetic approaches of platinum and non-platinum metal complexes comprising of chiefly ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc metals coordinated with organic scaffolds, along with their biological activity profiles, structure-activity relationships (SARs), docking studies, possible modes of action, and their scope and limitations are discussed in detail.
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36
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Ngo TD, Perdu C, Jneid B, Ragno M, Novion Ducassou J, Kraut A, Couté Y, Stopford C, Attrée I, Rietsch A, Faudry E. The PopN Gate-keeper Complex Acts on the ATPase PscN to Regulate the T3SS Secretion Switch from Early to Middle Substrates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166690. [PMID: 33289667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium of which the main virulence factor is the Type III Secretion System. The ATPase of this machinery, PscN (SctN), is thought to be localized at the base of the secretion apparatus and to participate in the recognition, chaperone dissociation and unfolding of exported T3SS proteins. In this work, a protein-protein interaction ELISA revealed the interaction of PscN with a wide range of exported T3SS proteins including the needle, translocator, gate-keeper and effector. These interactions were further confirmed by Microscale Thermophoresis that also indicated a preferential interaction of PscN with secreted proteins or protein-chaperone complex rather than with chaperones alone, in line with the release of the chaperones in the bacterial cytoplasm after the dissociation from their exported proteins. Moreover, we suggest a new role of the gate-keeper complex and the ATPase in the regulation of early substrates recognition by the T3SS. This finding sheds a new light on the mechanism of secretion switching from early to middle substrates in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Dung Ngo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Perdu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Bakhos Jneid
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Ragno
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | | | - Alexandra Kraut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Stopford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ina Attrée
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France
| | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eric Faudry
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, France.
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37
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Verma K, Mahalapbutr P, Auepattanapong A, Khaikate O, Kuhakarn C, Takahashi K, Rungrotmongkol T. Molecular dynamics simulations of sulfone derivatives in complex with DNA topoisomerase IIα ATPase domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1692-1701. [PMID: 33089727 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1831961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase II alpha (TopoIIα) is a crucial enzyme involved in maintaining genomic integrity during the process of DNA replication and mitotic division. It is a vital therapeutic target for designing novel anticancer agents in targeted cancer therapy. Sulfones, members of organosulfur compounds, have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anticancer, and antimalarial properties. In the present study, a series of sulfones was selected to evaluate their inhibitory activity against TopoIIα using computational approaches. Molecular docking results revealed that several sulfone analogs bind efficiently to the ATPase domain of TopoIIα. Among them, sulfones 18a, 60a, *4 b, *8 b, *3c, and 8c exhibit higher binding affinity than the known TopoII inhibitor, salvicine. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations based on MM/PB(GB)SA method demonstrated that sulfone *8 b strongly interacts with amino acid residues in the ATP-binding pocket (E87, N91, D94, I125, I141, F142, S149, G161, and A167), driven mainly by an electrostatic attraction and a strong H-bond formation at G161 residue. Altogether, the obtained results predicted that sulfones could have a high potential to be a lead molecule for targeting TopoIIα.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Atima Auepattanapong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onnicha Khaikate
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaito Takahashi
- Institute of Atomic and Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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38
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Fagbohun OF, Olawoye B, Ademakinwa AN, Oriyomi OV, Fagbohun OS, Fadare OA, Msagati TAM. UHPLC/GC-TOF-MS metabolomics, MTT assay, and molecular docking studies reveal physostigmine as a new anticancer agent from the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4979. [PMID: 32895963 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kigelia africana plant is widely used as a herbal remedy in preventing the onset and the treatment of cancer-related infections. With the increase in the research interest of the plant, the specific chemical compound or metabolite that confers its anticancer properties has not been adequately investigated. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of the fruit extracts were evaluated by 2-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay against four different cell lines, with the ethyl acetate fraction having inhibition concentration values of 0.53 and 0.42 μM against Hep G2 and HeLa cells, respectively. More than 235 phytoconstituents were profiled using UHPLC-TOF-MS, while more than 15 chemical compounds were identified using GC-MS from the fractions. Molecular docking studies revealed that physostigmine, fluazifop, dexamethasone, sulfisomidine, and desmethylmirtazapine could favorably bind at higher binding energies of -8.3, -8.6, -8.2, and -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively, better than camptothecin with a binding energy of -7.9 kcal/mol. The results of this study showed that physostigmine interacted well with topoisomerase IIα and had a high score of pharmacokinetic prediction using absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles, thereby suggesting that drug design using physostigmine as a base structure could serve as an alternative against the toxic side effects of doxorubicin and camptothecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Olawoye
- Department of Food Science and Technology, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji N Ademakinwa
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladoyin S Fagbohun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olatomide A Fadare
- Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa
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39
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Radaeva M, Dong X, Cherkasov A. The Use of Methods of Computer-Aided Drug Discovery in the Development of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors: Applications and Future Directions. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3703-3721. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Radaeva
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
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40
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Guloglu S, Kirmaci FN, Çetinkol ÖP, Forough M, Gulkaya A. Azacyanines as Novel Topoisomerase II Alpha Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190628161945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo IIα) has become one of the extensively exploited
targets in chemotherapy due to its role in regulating the topological constraints of DNA during
replication and transcription. Small molecules targeting Topo IIα’s activity such as etoposide
(VP-16) and doxorubicin are extensively used in the treatment of many different types of cancer.
Objective:
Here, the effects of three small molecules, named as azacyanines, on Topo IIα have been
assessed.
Methods:
In-vitro Topoisomerase IIα drug screening kit and agarose gel imaging were used for the
assessment of Topo IIα’s activity.
Results:
Our results revealed that all the azacyanines investigated decreased the catalytic activity of
Topo IIα dramatically. More importantly, the decrease in the catalytic activity of Topo IIα in the
presence of azacyanines was higher than the presence of VP-16, which is a commercially available
chemotherapy drug. Upon further investigation, it has been observed that Azamethyl’s catalytic inhibition
of Topo IIα was concentration dependent and the catalytic activity of Topo IIα was almost
completely abolished in the presence of 100.0 μM of Azamethyl.
Conclusion:
These findings reveal the potential of azacyanines as effective Topo IIα inhibitors and
chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Guloglu
- Biochemistry Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Nur Kirmaci
- Biochemistry Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Özgül Persil Çetinkol
- Biochemistry Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad Forough
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Aybuke Gulkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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41
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A QSAR study that compares the ability of bisdioxopiperazine analogs of the doxorubicin cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) to protect myocytes with DNA topoisomerase II inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115038. [PMID: 32417440 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin and extravasation injury caused by anthracyclines is reduced by the clinically approved bisdioxopiperazine drug dexrazoxane. Dexrazoxane is a rings-closed analog of EDTA and is hydrolyzed in vivo to a form that strongly binds iron. Its protective effects were originally thought to be due to the ability of its metabolite to remove iron from the iron-doxorubicin complex, thereby preventing oxygen radical damage to cellular components. More recently it has been suggested that dexrazoxane may exert its protective effects by inhibiting topoisomerase IIβ in the heart and inducing a reduction in its protein levels through induction of proteasomal degradation. The ability of dexrazoxane, other bisdioxopiperazines, and mitindomide to protect against doxorubicin-induced damage was determined in primary neonatal rat myocytes. This QSAR study showed that the protection that a series of bisdioxopiperazine analogs of dexrazoxane and the bisimide mitindomide offered against doxorubicin-induced myocyte damage was highly correlated with the ability of these compounds to catalytically inhibit the decatenation activity of topoisomerase II. The structural features of the dexrazoxane analogs that contribute to the binding and inhibition of topoisomerase II have been identified. These results suggest that the inhibition of topoisomerase II in myocytes by dexrazoxane is central to its role in its activity as an anthracycline cardioprotective agent. Additionally, sequence identity analysis of the amino acids surrounding the dexrazoxane binding site showed extremely high identity, not only between both invertebrate topoisomerase II isoforms, but also with yeast topoisomerase II as well.
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42
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Murabito A, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. Mechanisms of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction the Answer? Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:35. [PMID: 32226791 PMCID: PMC7080657 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac side effects are a major drawback of anticancer therapies, often requiring the use of low and less effective doses or even discontinuation of the drug. Among all the drugs known to cause severe cardiotoxicity are anthracyclines that, though being the oldest chemotherapeutic drugs, are still a mainstay in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. The recent expansion of the field of Cardio-Oncology, a branch of cardiology dealing with prevention or treatment of heart complications due to cancer treatment, has greatly improved our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). Despite excessive generation of reactive oxygen species was originally believed to be the main cause of AIC, recent evidence points to the involvement of a plethora of different mechanisms that, interestingly, mainly converge on deregulation of mitochondrial function. In this review, we will describe how anthracyclines affect cardiac mitochondria and how these organelles contribute to AIC. Furthermore, we will discuss how drugs specifically targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and/or mitochondria-targeted drugs could be therapeutically exploited to treat AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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43
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Goodenow D, Emmanuel F, Berman C, Sahyouni M, Richardson C. Bioflavonoids cause DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal translocations through topoisomerase II-dependent and -independent mechanisms. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 849:503144. [PMID: 32087851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioflavonoids have a similar chemical structure to etoposide, the well-characterized topoisomerase II (Top2) poison, and evidence shows that they also induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promote genome rearrangements. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of bioflavonoid-induced DSB appearance and repair, and their dependence on Top2. Cells were exposed to bioflavonoids individually or in combination in the presence or absence of the Top2 catalytic inhibitor dexrazoxane. The kinetics of appearance and repair of γH2AX foci were measured. In addition, the frequency of resultant MLL-AF9 breakpoint cluster region translocations was determined. Bioflavonoids readily induced the appearance of γH2AX foci, but bioflavonoid combinations did not act additively or synergistically to promote DSBs. Myricetin-induced DSBs were mostly reduced by dexrazoxane, while genistein and quercetin-induced DSBs were only partially, but significantly, reduced. By contrast, luteolin and kaempferol-induced DSBs increased with dexrazoxane pre-treatment. Sensitivity to Top2 inhibition correlated with a significant reduction of bioflavonoid-induced MLL-AF9 translocations. These data demonstrate that myricetin, genistein, and quercetin act most similar to etoposide although with varying Top2-dependence. By contrast, luteolin and kaempferol have distinct kinetics that are mostly Top2-independent. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms of bioflavonoid activity and the potential of individual bioflavonoids to promote chromosomal translocations. Further, they provide direct evidence that specific Top2 inhibitors or targeted drugs could be developed that possess less leukemic potential or suppress chromosomal translocations associated with therapy-related and infant leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Goodenow
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Faith Emmanuel
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Chase Berman
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Mark Sahyouni
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Christine Richardson
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States.
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44
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Hasinoff BB, Patel D, Wu X. The Role of Topoisomerase IIβ in the Mechanisms of Action of the Doxorubicin Cardioprotective Agent Dexrazoxane. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 20:312-320. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Kim JJ, Lee SY, Gong F, Battenhouse AM, Boutz DR, Bashyal A, Refvik ST, Chiang CM, Xhemalce B, Paull TT, Brodbelt JS, Marcotte EM, Miller KM. Systematic bromodomain protein screens identify homologous recombination and R-loop suppression pathways involved in genome integrity. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1751-1774. [PMID: 31753913 PMCID: PMC6942044 DOI: 10.1101/gad.331231.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain proteins (BRD) are key chromatin regulators of genome function and stability as well as therapeutic targets in cancer. Here, we systematically delineate the contribution of human BRD proteins for genome stability and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair using several cell-based assays and proteomic interaction network analysis. Applying these approaches, we identify 24 of the 42 BRD proteins as promoters of DNA repair and/or genome integrity. We identified a BRD-reader function of PCAF that bound TIP60-mediated histone acetylations at DSBs to recruit a DUB complex to deubiquitylate histone H2BK120, to allowing direct acetylation by PCAF, and repair of DSBs by homologous recombination. We also discovered the bromo-and-extra-terminal (BET) BRD proteins, BRD2 and BRD4, as negative regulators of transcription-associated RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) as inhibition of BRD2 or BRD4 increased R-loop formation, which generated DSBs. These breaks were reliant on topoisomerase II, and BRD2 directly bound and activated topoisomerase I, a known restrainer of R-loops. Thus, comprehensive interactome and functional profiling of BRD proteins revealed new homologous recombination and genome stability pathways, providing a framework to understand genome maintenance by BRD proteins and the effects of their pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Seo Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Fade Gong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Anna M Battenhouse
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Daniel R Boutz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Aarti Bashyal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Samantha T Refvik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Blerta Xhemalce
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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46
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Di Micco S, Masullo M, Bandak AF, Berger JM, Riccio R, Piacente S, Bifulco G. Garcinol and Related Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones as Topoisomerase II Inhibitors: Biochemical and Molecular Modeling Studies. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2768-2779. [PMID: 31618025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Garcinia genus, has been reported to inhibit eukaryotic topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II at concentrations comparable to that of etoposide (∼25-100 μM). With the aim to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms by which garcinol inhibits human topoisomerase IIα and topoisomerase IIβ, biochemical assays along with molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out on garcinol and six congeners. The biochemical results revealed that garcinol derivatives appear to act as catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase II and to inhibit ATP hydrolysis by topoisomerase II via some form of mixed inhibition. The computational investigation identified the structural elements responsible for binding to the biological target and also provided information for the eventual design of more selective and potent analogues. Collectively, our data suggest that garcinol-type agents may bind to the DNA binding surface and/or ATP domain of type II topoisomerases to antagonize function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Micco
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS) , Via Salvatore De Renzi 50 , 84125 Salerno , Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| | - Afif F Bandak
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 713 , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - James M Berger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 713 , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Raffaele Riccio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano (SA) , Italy
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Atwal M, Swan RL, Rowe C, Lee KC, Lee DC, Armstrong L, Cowell IG, Austin CA. Intercalating TOP2 Poisons Attenuate Topoisomerase Action at Higher Concentrations. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:475-484. [PMID: 31399497 PMCID: PMC6744389 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) poisons are effective cytotoxic anticancer agents that stabilize the normally transient TOP2-DNA covalent complexes formed during the enzyme reaction cycle. These drugs include etoposide, mitoxantrone, and the anthracyclines doxorubicin and epirubicin. Anthracyclines also exert cell-killing activity via TOP2-independent mechanisms, including DNA adduct formation, redox activity, and lipid peroxidation. Here, we show that anthracyclines and another intercalating TOP2 poison, mitoxantrone, stabilize TOP2-DNA covalent complexes less efficiently than etoposide, and at higher concentrations they suppress the formation of TOP2-DNA covalent complexes, thus behaving as TOP2 poisons at low concentration and inhibitors at high concentration. We used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human cardiomyocytes as a model to study anthracycline-induced damage in cardiac cells. Using immunofluorescence, our study is the first to demonstrate the presence of topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) as the only TOP2 isoform in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. In these cells, etoposide robustly induced TOP2B covalent complexes, but we could not detect doxorubicin-induced TOP2-DNA complexes, and doxorubicin suppressed etoposide-induced TOP2-DNA complexes. In vitro, etoposide-stabilized DNA cleavage was attenuated by doxorubicin, epirubicin, or mitoxantrone. Clinical use of anthracyclines is associated with cardiotoxicity. The observations in this study have potentially important clinical consequences regarding the effectiveness of anticancer treatment regimens when TOP2-targeting drugs are used in combination. These observations suggest that inhibition of TOP2B activity, rather than DNA damage resulting from TOP2 poisoning, may play a role in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We show that anthracyclines and mitoxantrone act as topoisomerase II (TOP2) poisons at low concentration but attenuate TOP2 activity at higher concentration, both in cells and in in vitro cleavage experiments. Inhibition of type II topoisomerases suppresses the action of other drugs that poison TOP2. Thus, combinations containing anthracyclines or mitoxantrone and etoposide may reduce the activity of etoposide as a TOP2 poison and thus reduce the efficacy of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Atwal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Rebecca L Swan
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Chloe Rowe
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Ka C Lee
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - David C Lee
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Ian G Cowell
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
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Valeur E, Narjes F, Ottmann C, Plowright AT. Emerging modes-of-action in drug discovery. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1550-1568. [PMID: 31673315 PMCID: PMC6786009 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increasing focus on complex biology to cure diseases rather than merely treat symptoms has transformed how drug discovery can be approached. Instead of activating or blocking protein function, a growing repertoire of drug modalities can be leveraged or engineered to hijack cellular processes, such as translational regulation or degradation mechanisms. Drug hunters can therefore access a wider arsenal of modes-of-action to modulate biological processes and this review summarises these emerging strategies by highlighting the most representative examples of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Valeur
- Medicinal Chemistry , Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism , BioPharmaceuticals R&D , AstraZeneca, Gothenburg , 43183 Mölndal , Sweden .
| | - Frank Narjes
- Medicinal Chemistry , Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA) , BioPharmaceuticals R&D , AstraZeneca, Gothenburg , 43183 Mölndal , Sweden
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Technische Universiteit Eindhoven , Den Dolech 2 , 5612 , AZ , Eindhoven , the Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 7 , 45117 , Essen , Germany
| | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Integrated Drug Discovery , Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Höchst , D-65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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49
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Celik S, Albayrak AT, Akyuz S, Ozel AE. Synthesis, molecular docking and ADMET study of ionic liquid as anticancer inhibitors of DNA and COX-2, TOPII enzymes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1354-1364. [PMID: 30955453 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new ionic liquid was synthesized by the reaction of caprolactam with salicylic acid (CL-SA) and characterized by analysis of spectroscopic and DSC data. The optimized geometry and the electrostatic potential map of CL-SA were calculated with DFT method using the wb97xd/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. Molecular docking study of the CL-SA was carried out to clarify the probable binding modes between the title compound and DNA and COX-2 and TOPII enzymes. In silico ADMET study was also performed for predicting pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of the synthesized ionic liquid which expressed good oral drug-like behavior and non-toxic nature. It was revealed that the compound has a potential to become a lead molecule in drug discovery process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Celik
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Tugrul Albayrak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Akyuz
- Physics Department, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen E Ozel
- Physics Department, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Petrella S, Capton E, Raynal B, Giffard C, Thureau A, Bonneté F, Alzari PM, Aubry A, Mayer C. Overall Structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Gyrase Reveal the Role of a Corynebacteriales GyrB-Specific Insert in ATPase Activity. Structure 2019; 27:579-589.e5. [PMID: 30744994 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite sharing common features, previous studies have shown that gyrases from different species have been modified throughout evolution to modulate their properties. Here, we report two crystal structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase, an apo and AMPPNP-bound form at 2.6-Å and 3.3-Å resolution, respectively. These structures provide high-resolution structural data on the quaternary organization and interdomain connections of a gyrase (full-length GyrB-GyrA57)2 thus providing crucial inputs on this essential drug target. Together with small-angle X-ray scattering studies, they revealed an "extremely open" N-gate state, which persists even in the DNA-free gyrase-AMPPNP complex and an unexpected connection between the ATPase and cleavage core domains mediated by two Corynebacteriales-specific motifs, respectively the C-loop and DEEE-loop. We show that the C-loop participates in the stabilization of this open conformation, explaining why this gyrase has a lower ATPase activity. Our results image a conformational state which might be targeted for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Petrella
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Estelle Capton
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, Cimi-Paris, INSERM U1135, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Clément Giffard
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Aurélien Thureau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91410 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Françoise Bonneté
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS UMR7099 and Université Paris Didérot, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pedro M Alzari
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, Cimi-Paris, INSERM U1135, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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