1
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Chang Lee V, Yue L, Gaarde MB, Chan YH, Qiu DY. Many-body enhancement of high-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6228. [PMID: 39043647 PMCID: PMC11266681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many-body effects play an important role in enhancing and modifying optical absorption and other excited-state properties of solids in the perturbative regime, but their role in high harmonic generation (HHG) and other nonlinear response beyond the perturbative regime is not well-understood. We develop here an ab initio many-body method to study nonperturbative HHG based on the real-time propagation of the non-equilibrium Green's function with the GW self energy. We calculate the HHG of monolayer MoS2 and obtain good agreement with experiment, including the reproduction of characteristic patterns of monotonic and nonmonotonic harmonic yield in the parallel and perpendicular responses, respectively. Here, we show that many-body effects are especially important to accurately reproduce the spectral features in the perpendicular response, which reflect a complex interplay of electron-hole interactions (or exciton effects) in tandem with the many-body renormalization and Berry curvature of the independent quasiparticle bandstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Physics Division, National Center of Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Xuan F, Lai M, Wu Y, Quek SY. Exciton-Enhanced Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion in Two-Dimensional Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:246902. [PMID: 38949373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.246902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We show that excitonic resonances and interexciton transitions can enhance the probability of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, a second-order optical response that generates entangled photon pairs. We benchmark our ab initio many-body calculations using experimental polar plots of second harmonic generation in NbOI_{2}, clearly demonstrating the relevance of excitons in the nonlinear response. A strong double-exciton resonance in 2D NbOCl_{2} leads to giant enhancement in the second order susceptibility. Our work paves the way for the realization of efficient ultrathin quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Xuan
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - MingRui Lai
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Yaze Wu
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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3
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Uría-Álvarez AJ, Palacios JJ. Topologically Protected Photovoltaics in Bi Nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6651-6657. [PMID: 38804328 PMCID: PMC11157647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photovoltaic efficiency in solar cells is hindered by many unwanted effects. Radiative channels (emission of photons) sometimes mediated by nonradiative ones (emission of phonons) are principally responsible for the decrease in exciton population before charge separation can take place. One such mechanism is electron-hole recombination at surfaces or defects where the in-gap edge states serve as the nonradiative channels. In topological insulators (TIs), which are rarely explored from an optoelectronics standpoint, we show that their characteristic surface states constitute a nonradiative decay channel that can be exploited to generate a protected photovoltaic current. Focusing on two-dimensional TIs, and specifically for illustration purposes on a Bi(111) monolayer, we obtain the transition rates from the bulk excitons to the edge states. By breaking the appropriate symmetries of the system, one can induce an edge charge accumulation and edge currents under illumination, demonstrating the potential of TI nanoribbons for photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro José Uría-Álvarez
- Departamento de Física de la
Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), and
Instituto Nicolás Cabrera (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Palacios
- Departamento de Física de la
Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), and
Instituto Nicolás Cabrera (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Gao W, Tang Z, Zhao J, Chelikowsky JR. Efficient Full-Frequency GW Calculations Using a Lanczos Method. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:126402. [PMID: 38579203 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The GW approximation is widely used for reliable and accurate modeling of single-particle excitations. It also serves as a starting point for many theoretical methods, such as its use in the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) and dynamical mean-field theory. However, full-frequency GW calculations for large systems with hundreds of atoms remain computationally challenging, even after years of efforts to reduce the prefactor and improve scaling. We propose a method that reformulates the correlation part of the GW self-energy as a resolvent of a Hermitian matrix, which can be efficiently and accurately computed using the standard Lanczos method. This method enables full-frequency GW calculations of material systems with a few hundred atoms on a single computing workstation. We further demonstrate the efficiency of the method by calculating the defect-state energies of silicon quantum dots with diameters up to 4 nm and nearly 2,000 silicon atoms using only 20 computational nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhao Tang
- Center for Computational Materials, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - James R Chelikowsky
- Center for Computational Materials, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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5
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Han S, Ye L, Li Y, Huang B. Theoretical Understanding of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Solids: A Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3323-3335. [PMID: 38498006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals have become a hot topic in chemical science and material physics, due to their essential role in laser technology, optical information, optoelectronics, and precision measurements. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent advances in second-order nonlinear optics, with a focus on two critical topics: second harmonic generation (SHG) and the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). For SHG, we discuss recent progress in deep-ultraviolet (DUV) materials, highlighting their structural characteristics and nonlinear groups that contribute to their exceptional performance. For BPVE, we concentrate on the emerging field of low-dimensional materials, emphasizing their potential in a shift current. Additionally, we discuss the development of regulation approaches for NLO materials, which is vital for their practical application. Finally, we address the outlook for the field, including the challenges that must be overcome to further advance NLO materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Han
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangting Ye
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Xin W, Zhong W, Shi Y, Shi Y, Jing J, Xu T, Guo J, Liu W, Li Y, Liang Z, Xin X, Cheng J, Hu W, Xu H, Liu Y. Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based Photodetectors for Next-Generation Polarized Detection and Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306772. [PMID: 37661841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The vector characteristics of light and the vectorial transformations during its transmission lay a foundation for polarized photodetection of objects, which broadens the applications of related detectors in complex environments. With the breakthrough of low-dimensional materials (LDMs) in optics and electronics over the past few years, the combination of these novel LDMs and traditional working modes is expected to bring new development opportunities in this field. Here, the state-of-the-art progress of LDMs, as polarization-sensitive components in polarized photodetection and even the imaging, is the main focus, with emphasis on the relationship between traditional working principle of polarized photodetectors (PPs) and photoresponse mechanisms of LDMs. Particularly, from the view of constitutive equations, the existing works are reorganized, reclassified, and reviewed. Perspectives on the opportunities and challenges are also discussed. It is hoped that this work can provide a more general overview in the use of LDMs in this field, sorting out the way of related devices for "more than Moore" or even the "beyond Moore" research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Weiheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yimeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jiawei Jing
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yuanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhu Liang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jinluo Cheng
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
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7
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Xu J, Ping Y. Ab Initio Predictions of Spin Relaxation, Dephasing, and Diffusion in Solids. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:492-512. [PMID: 38157422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Spin relaxation, dephasing, and diffusion are at the heart of spin-based information technology. Accurate theoretical approaches to simulate spin lifetimes (τs), determining how fast the spin polarization and phase information will be lost, are important to the understanding of the underlying mechanism of these spin processes, and invaluable in searching for promising candidates of spintronic materials. Recently, we develop a first-principles real-time density-matrix (FPDM) approach to simulate spin dynamics for general solid-state systems. Through the complete first-principles descriptions of light-matter interaction and scattering processes including electron-phonon, electron-impurity, and electron-electron scatterings with self-consistent spin-orbit coupling, as well as ab initio Landé g-factor, our method can predict τs at various conditions as a function of carrier density and temperature, under electric and magnetic fields. By employing this method, we successfully reproduce experimental results of disparate materials and identify the key factors affecting spin relaxation, dephasing, and diffusion in different materials. Specifically, we predict that germanene has long τs (∼100 ns at 50 K), a giant spin lifetime anisotropy, and spin-valley locking effect under electric fields, making it advantageous for spin-valleytronic applications. Based on our theoretical derivations and ab initio simulations, we propose a new useful electronic quantity, named spin-flip angle θ↑↓, for the understanding of spin relaxation through intervalley spin-flip scattering processes. Our method can be further applied to other emerging materials and extended to simulate exciton spin dynamics and steady-state photocurrents due to photogalvanic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230031, Anhui China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Yuan Ping
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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8
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Hu C, Naik MH, Chan YH, Ruan J, Louie SG. Light-induced shift current vortex crystals in moiré heterobilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314775120. [PMID: 38085781 PMCID: PMC10741382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314775120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) moiré superlattices provide an emerging platform to explore various light-induced phenomena. Recently, the discoveries of novel moiré excitons have attracted great interest. The nonlinear optical responses of these systems are however still underexplored. Here, we report investigation of light-induced shift currents (a second-order response generating DC current from optical illumination) in the WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattice. We identify a striking phenomenon of the formation of shift current vortex crystals-i.e., two-dimensional periodic arrays of moiré-scale current vortices and associated magnetic fields with remarkable intensity under laboratory laser setup. Furthermore, we demonstrate high optical tunability of these current vortices-their location, shape, chirality, and magnitude can be tuned by the frequency, polarization, and intensity of the incident light. Electron-hole interactions (excitonic effects) are found to play a crucial role in the generation and nature of the shift current intensity and distribution. Our findings provide a promising all-optical control route to manipulate nanoscale shift current density distributions and magnetic field patterns, as well as shed light on nonlinear optical responses in moiré quantum matter and their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Mit H. Naik
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, and Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Jiawei Ruan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
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9
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Hu C, Naik MH, Chan YH, Louie SG. Excitonic Interactions and Mechanism for Ultrafast Interlayer Photoexcited Response in van der Waals Heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:236904. [PMID: 38134768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical dynamics in van der Waals heterobilayers is of fundamental scientific and practical interest. Based on a time-dependent adiabatic GW approach, we discover a new many-electron (excitonic) channel for converting photoexcited intralayer to interlayer excitations and the associated ultrafast optical responses in heterobilayers, which is conceptually different from the conventional single-particle picture. We find strong electron-hole interactions drive the dynamics and enhance the pump-probe optical responses by an order of magnitude with a rise time of ∼300 fs in MoSe_{2}/WSe_{2} heterobilayers, in agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mit H Naik
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, and Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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10
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Chan YH, Qiu DY, da Jornada FH, Louie SG. Giant self-driven exciton-Floquet signatures in time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of MoS 2 from time-dependent GW approach. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301957120. [PMID: 37523533 PMCID: PMC10410765 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301957120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) is a one-particle spectroscopic technique that can probe excitons (two-particle excitations) in momentum space. We present an ab initio, time-domain GW approach to TR-ARPES and apply it to monolayer MoS2. We show that photoexcited excitons may be measured and quantified as satellite bands and lead to the renormalization of the quasiparticle bands. These features are explained in terms of an exciton-Floquet phenomenon induced by an exciton time-dependent bosonic field, which are orders of magnitude stronger than those of laser field-induced Floquet bands in low-dimensional semiconductors. Our findings imply a way to engineer Floquet matter through the coherent oscillation of excitons and open the new door for mechanisms for band structure engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Chan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-7300
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center of Theoretical Sciences, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Diana Y. Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-7300
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Felipe H. da Jornada
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-7300
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford PULSE Institute, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-7300
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
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11
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Hou B, Wang D, Barker BA, Qiu DY. Exchange-Driven Intermixing of Bulk and Topological Surface States by Chiral Excitons in Bi_{2}Se_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:216402. [PMID: 37295093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Topological surface states (TSS) in the prototypical topological insulator (TI) Bi_{2}Se_{3} are frequently characterized using optical probes, but electron-hole interactions and their effect on surface localization and optical response of the TSS remain unexplored. Here, we use ab initio calculations to understand excitonic effects in the bulk and surface of Bi_{2}Se_{3}. We identify multiple series of chiral excitons that exhibit both bulk and TSS character, due to exchange-driven mixing. Our results address fundamental questions about the degree to which electron-hole interactions can relax the topological protection of surface states and dipole selection rules for circularly polarized light in TIs by elucidating the complex intermixture of bulk and surface states excited in optical measurements and their coupling to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Bradford A Barker
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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12
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Strasser A, Wang H, Qian X. Nonlinear Optical and Photocurrent Responses in Janus MoSSe Monolayer and MoS 2-MoSSe van der Waals Heterostructure. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4145-4152. [PMID: 35532538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides are promising materials platforms for a variety of optoelectronic device applications. Janus 2D materials are a rising class of 2D materials with low symmetry, which leads to the emergence of out-of-plane electric polarization and piezoelectricity. Using first-principles density functional theory, we show that monolayer and bilayer heterostructure Janus MoSSe moieties exhibit strong nonlinear optical responses that are vanishing in the non-Janus form. The absence of horizontal mirror plane symmetry enables a circular photocurrent as well as a large out-of-plane second harmonic generation (SHG) and shift photocurrent. Through a comparative study of the Janus heterostructure MoS2-MoSSe on five distinct stacking configurations, we find that the magnitude of the out-of-plane SHG in the Janus heterostructure is enhanced due to the interlayer coupling and interference effect compared to that of monolayer MoSSe. Thus, Janus 2D materials offer a unique opportunity for exploring nonlinear optical phenomena and designing configurable layered nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Strasser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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13
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Kaner NT, Wei Y, Ying T, Xu X, Li W, Raza A, Li X, Yang J, Jiang Y, Tian WQ. Giant Shift Photovoltaic Current in Group V‐V Binary Nanosheets. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadong Wei
- School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Tao Ying
- School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Weiqi Li
- School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Physics University of Sialkot (USKT) 1‐Km Main Daska Road Sialkot Punjab 51040 Pakistan
| | - Xingji Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Jianqun Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - YongYuan Jiang
- School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
- Key Lab of Micro‐Optics and Photonic Technology of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150001 China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
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14
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Kaneko T, Sun Z, Murakami Y, Golež D, Millis AJ. Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Driven by Collective Excitations in a Correlated Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:127402. [PMID: 34597083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.127402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the bulk photovoltaic effect, which rectifies light into electric current, in a collective quantum state with correlation driven electronic ferroelectricity. We show via explicit real-time dynamical calculations that the effect of the applied electric field on the electronic order parameter leads to a strong enhancement of the bulk photovoltaic effect relative to the values obtained in a conventional insulator. The enhancements include both resonant enhancements at sub-band-gap frequencies, arising from excitation of optically active collective modes, and broadband enhancements arising from nonresonant deformations of the electronic order. The deformable electronic order parameter produces an injection current contribution to the bulk photovoltaic effect that is entirely absent in a rigid-band approximation to a time-reversal symmetric material. Our findings establish that correlation effects can lead to the bulk photovoltaic effect and demonstrate that the collective behavior of ordered states can yield large nonlinear optical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kaneko
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Denis Golež
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
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