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Salti T, Braunstein I, Haimovich Y, Ziv T, Benhar M. Widespread S-persulfidation in activated macrophages as a protective mechanism against oxidative-inflammatory stress. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103125. [PMID: 38574432 PMCID: PMC11000178 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammatory responses often involve the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by innate immune cells, particularly macrophages. How activated macrophages protect themselves in the face of oxidative-inflammatory stress remains a long-standing question. Recent evidence implicates reactive sulfur species (RSS) in inflammatory responses; however, how endogenous RSS affect macrophage function and response to oxidative and inflammatory insults remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the endogenous pathways of RSS biogenesis and clearance in macrophages, with a particular focus on exploring how hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-mediated S-persulfidation influences macrophage responses to oxidative-inflammatory stress. We show that classical activation of mouse or human macrophages using lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ (LPS/IFN-γ) triggers substantial production of H2S/RSS, leading to widespread protein persulfidation. Biochemical and proteomic analyses revealed that this surge in cellular S-persulfidation engaged ∼2% of total thiols and modified over 800 functionally diverse proteins. S-persulfidation was found to be largely dependent on the cystine importer xCT and the H2S-generating enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase and was independent of changes in the global proteome. We further investigated the role of the sulfide-oxidizing enzyme sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), and found that it acts as a negative regulator of S-persulfidation. Elevated S-persulfidation following LPS/IFN-γ stimulation or SQOR inhibition was associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress. Upregulation of persulfides also inhibited the activation of the macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome and provided protection against inflammatory cell death. Collectively, our findings shed light on the metabolism and effects of RSS in macrophages and highlight the crucial role of persulfides in enabling macrophages to withstand and alleviate oxidative-inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Salti
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilana Braunstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Haimovich
- Smoler Proteomics Center and Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics Center and Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Hou SJ, Huang YR, Zhu J, Jia YB, Niu XY, Yang JJ, Yu XL, Du XY, Liang SY, Cui F, Li LJ, Tian C, Liu RT. Mouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:66. [PMID: 38654316 PMCID: PMC11040793 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The elderly frequently present impaired blood-brain barrier which is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. However, how the albumin, the most abundant protein in the plasma, leaking through the disrupted BBB, contributes to the neuropathology remains poorly understood. We here demonstrated that mouse serum albumin-activated microglia induced astrocytes to A1 phenotype to remarkably increase levels of Elovl1, an astrocytic synthase for very long-chain saturated fatty acids, significantly promoting VLSFAs secretion and causing neuronal lippoapoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. Moreover, MSA-activated microglia triggered remarkable tau phosphorylation at multiple sites through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Intracerebroventricular injection of MSA into the brains of C57BL/6J mice to a similar concentration as in patient brains induced neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, increased tau phosphorylation, and decreased the spatial learning and memory abilities, while Elovl1 knockdown significantly prevented the deleterious effect of MSA. Overall, our study here revealed that MSA induced tau phosphorylation and neuron apoptosis based on MSA-activated microglia and astrocytes, respectively, showing the critical roles of MSA in initiating the occurrence of tauopathies and cognitive decline, and providing potential therapeutic targets for MSA-induced neuropathology in multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Ru Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Bo Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Niu
- Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin-Ju Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Du
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling-Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Chen XJ, Deng Z, Zhang LL, Pan Y, Fu J, Zou L, Bai Z, Xiao X, Sheng F. Therapeutic potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum against Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116222. [PMID: 38310653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a high-incidence neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and psychiatric abnormalities. Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal fungus with a long history of dietary intake, containing various bioactive components, and have been documented to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory effects, among others. Recent studies have shown that G. lucidum and its components have promising therapeutic potential against AD from various aspects, which can delay the progression of AD, improve cognitive function and quality of life. The underlying mechanisms mainly include inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibiting Aβ formation, affecting activated microglia, regulating NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathway, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, modulating immune system, and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, etc. This paper systematically reviewed the relevant studies on the therapeutic potential of G. lucidum and its active components for treatment of AD, key points related with the mechanism studies and clinical trials have been discussed, and further perspectives have been proposed. Totally, as a natural medicinal mushroom, G. lucidum has the potential to be developed as effective adjuvant for AD treatment owing to its therapeutic efficacy against multiple pathogenesis of AD. Further mechanical investigation and clinical trials can help unlock the complete potential of G. lucidum as a therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhou Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Yan Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Feiya Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Culibrk RA, Ebbert KA, Yeisley DJ, Chen R, Qureshi FA, Hahn J, Hahn MS. Impact of Suramin on Key Pathological Features of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Derived Forebrain Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:301-318. [PMID: 38427475 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disrupted proteostasis and macroautophagy (hereafter "autophagy"). The pharmacological agent suramin has known autophagy modulation properties with potential efficacy in mitigating AD neuronal pathology. Objective In the present work, we investigate the impact of forebrain neuron exposure to suramin on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, a major regulator of autophagy, in comparison with rapamycin and chloroquine. We further investigate the effect of suramin on several AD-related biomarkers in sporadic AD (sAD)-derived forebrain neurons. Methods Neurons differentiated from ReNcell neural progenitors were used to assess the impact of suramin on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway relative to the autophagy inducer rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Mature forebrain neurons were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) sourced from a late-onset sAD patient and treated with 100μM suramin for 72 h, followed by assessments for amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and synaptic puncta density. Results Suramin treatment of sAD-derived neurons partially ameliorated the increased p-Tau(S199)/Tau ratio, and fully remediated the increased glutathione to oxidized nitric oxide ratio, observed in untreated sAD-derived neurons relative to healthy controls. These positive results may be due in part to the distinct increases in Akt/mTOR pathway mediator p-p70S6K noted with suramin treatment of both ReNcell-derived and iPSC-derived neurons. Longer term neuronal markers, such as synaptic puncta density, were unaffected by suramin treatment. Conclusions These findings provide initial evidence supporting the potential of suramin to reduce the degree of dysregulation in sAD-derived forebrain neurons in part via the modulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Culibrk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A Ebbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Yeisley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fatir A Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Juergen Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Yu J, Zhao Y, Gong XK, Liang Z, Zhao YN, Li X, Chen YJ, Yang YH, Wu MJ, Wang XC, Shu XJ, Bao J. P25/CDK5-mediated Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Both Ipsilateral and Contralateral Cerebra Contributes to Cognitive Deficits in Post-stroke Mice. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1084-1095. [PMID: 37924385 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) develops in approximately one-third of stroke survivors and is associated with ingravescence. Nonetheless, the biochemical mechanisms underlying PSCI remain unclear. The study aimed to establish an ischemic mouse model by means of transient unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusions (MCAOs) and to explore the biochemical mechanisms of p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation on the PSCI behavior. METHODS Cognitive behavior was investigated, followed by the detection of tau hyperphosphorylation, mobilization, activation of kinases and/or inhibition of phosphatases in the lateral and contralateral cerebrum of mice following ischemia in MACO mice. Finally, we treated HEK293/tau cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and a CDK5 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or a GSK3β inhibitor (LiCl) to the roles of CDK5 and GSK3β in mediating ischemia-reperfusion-induced tau phosphorylation. RESULTS Ischemia induced cognitive impairments within 2 months, as well as causing tau hyperphosphorylation and its localization to neuronal somata in both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebra. Furthermore, p25 that promotes CDK5 hyperactivation had significantly higher expression in the mice with MCAO than in the shamoperation (control) group, while the expression levels of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and the phosphorylation level at Tyr307 were comparable between the two groups. In addition, the CDK5 inhibitor rescued tau from hyperphosphorylation induced by OGD. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that upregulation of CDK5 mediates tau hyperphosphorylation and localization in both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebra, contributing to the pathogenesis of PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Gong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yan-Na Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - You-Hua Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Meng-Juan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Ji Shu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Jian Bao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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Chen Y, Yu Y. Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:165. [PMID: 37452321 PMCID: PMC10349496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) contributes to most cases of dementia. Its prominent neuropathological features are the extracellular neuritic plaques and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. In the past few decades, disease-modifying therapy targeting Aβ has been the focus of AD drug development. Even though it is encouraging that two of these drugs have recently received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval for AD treatment, their efficacy or long-term safety is controversial. Tau has received increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target, since evidence indicates that tau pathology is more associated with cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, accompanies AD pathological processes and is also linked to cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation has a complex and tight interplay with tau pathology. Here, we review recent evidence on the interaction between tau pathology, focusing on tau post-translational modification and dissemination, and neuroinflammatory responses, including glial cell activation and inflammatory signaling pathways. Then, we summarize the latest clinical trials targeting tau and neuroinflammation. Sustained and increased inflammatory responses in glial cells and neurons are pivotal cellular drivers and regulators of the exacerbation of tau pathology, which further contributes to its worsening by aggravating inflammatory responses. Unraveling the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between tau pathology and neuroinflammation will provide new insights into the discovery and clinical translation of therapeutic targets for AD and other tau-related diseases (tauopathies). Targeting multiple pathologies and precision therapy strategies will be the crucial direction for developing drugs for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Diaz Sanchez L, Sanchez-Aranguren L, Wang K, Spickett CM, Griffiths HR, Dias IHK. TNF-α-Mediated Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Is Rescued by Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030734. [PMID: 36978982 PMCID: PMC10045727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the development and aggravation of cardiovascular complications. Among the endothelium-released vasoactive factors, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been investigated for its beneficial effects on the vasculature through anti-inflammatory and redox-modulating regulatory mechanisms. Reduced H2S bioavailability is reported in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis and preeclampsia, suggesting the value of investigating mechanisms, by which H2S acts as a vasoprotective gasotransmitter. We explored whether the protective effects of H2S were linked to the mitochondrial health of endothelial cells and the mechanisms by which H2S rescues apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction induced by TNF-α increased endothelial oxidative stress and induced apoptosis via mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation over 24 h. TNF-α also affected mitochondrial morphology and altered the mitochondrial network. Post-treatment with the slow-releasing H2S donor, GYY4137, alleviated oxidising redox state, decreased pro-caspase 3 activity, and prevented endothelial apoptosis caused by TNF-α alone. In addition, exogenous GYY4137 enhanced S-sulfhydration of pro-caspase 3 and improved mitochondrial health in TNF-α exposed cells. These data provide new insights into molecular mechanisms for cytoprotective effects of H2S via the mitochondrial-driven pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Diaz Sanchez
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Lissette Sanchez-Aranguren
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Keqing Wang
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Corinne M. Spickett
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Irundika H. K. Dias
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0121-204-4678
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Long-Term High-Fat Diet Consumption Induces Cognitive Decline Accompanied by Tau Hyper-Phosphorylation and Microglial Activation in Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010250. [PMID: 36615907 PMCID: PMC9823602 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) intake is commonly related to a substantial risk of cognitive impairment for senior citizens over 65 years of age, which constitutes a profound global health burden with several economic and social consequences. It is critical to investigate the effects of long-term HFD consumption on cognitive function and to inspect the potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, 9-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a normal diet (ND, 10 kcal% fat) or an HFD diet (60 kcal% fat) for 10 months. Then a series of behavioral tests, and histological and biochemistry examinations of the hippocampus and cortex proceeded. We found that long-term HFD-fed aged mice exhibited cognitive function decline in the object place recognition test (OPR). Compared with the ND group, the HFD-fed mice showed Tau hyperphosphorylation at ps214 in the hippocampus and at ps422 and ps396 in the cortex, which was accompanied by GSK-3β activation. The higher activated phenotype of microglia in the brain of the HFD group was typically evidenced by an increased average area of the cell body and reduced complexity of microglial processes. Immunoblotting showed that long-term HFD intake augmented the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that long-term HFD intake deteriorates cognitive dysfunctions, accompanied by Tau hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation, and inflammatory cytokine expression, and that the modifiable lifestyle factor contributes to the cognitive decline of senior citizens.
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Liang W, Xie Z, Liao D, Li Y, Li Z, Zhao Y, Li X, Dong M. Inhibiting microRNA-142-5p improves learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease rats via targeted regulation of the PTPN1-mediated Akt pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:107-114. [PMID: 35219754 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as possible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). MiR-142-5p has been reported to be abnormally expressed in brain tissues. However, the role of miR-142-5p in AD pathogenesis keeps unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-142-5p on the learning and memory of AD rats via regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1 (PTPN1)-mediated protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. METHODS The AD model was established by injection of Aβ1-42 oligomer once into the lateral ventricle of rats, and the spatial learning and memory ability of rats was measured. AD rats were injected with miR-142-5p or PTPN1 vectors to explore their functions in inflammation, Aβ, p-tau protein, apoptosis in brain tissues, and the effects on Akt pathway. The targeting relationship between miR-142-5p and PTPN1 was detected. RESULTS Overexpressed miR-142-5p, down-regulated PTPN1 and inactivated Akt pathway were exhibited in AD. MiR-142-5p targeted PTPN1 to mediate Akt pathway. Reduced miR-142-5p and elevated PTPN1 improved the behavior of AD rats. MiR-142-5p targeted PTPN1 to effectively inhibit Aβ formation and abnormal phosphorylation of p-tau protein, suppress the inflammation in the brain tissues of AD rat, and improve the survival rate of brain tissue cells. MiR-142-5p regulated PTPN1 to activate the Akt pathway, further inhibiting the apoptosis of brain neurons in AD rats. CONCLUSION Down-regulating miR-142-5p targets PTPN1 to activate Akt pathway, thus improving the learning and memory of AD rats and playing an anti-AD role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- Department of The Third outpatient, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, Yunnan Geriatric Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanru Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Xinkunhua Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Manli Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Zhu DY, Lu J, Xu R, Yang JZ, Meng XR, Ou-Yang XN, Yan QY, Nie RF, Zhao T, Chen YD, Lu Y, Zhang YN, Li WJ, Shen X. FX5, a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, ameliorates diabetic cognitive impairment in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2495-2510. [PMID: 35260821 PMCID: PMC9525278 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a common diabetic complication characterized by learning and memory deficits. In diabetic patients, hyperactivated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to abnormal increase of glucocorticoids (GCs), which causes the damage of hippocampal neurons and cognitive impairment. In this study we investigated the cognition-improving effects of a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist 5-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide (FX5) in diabetic mice. Four weeks after T1DM or T2DM was induced, the mice were administered FX5 (20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 8 weeks. Cognitive impairment was assessed in open field test, novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. We showed that FX5 administration significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments in both type 1 and 2 diabetic mice. Similar cognitive improvement was observed in diabetic mice following brain GR-specific knockdown by injecting AAV-si-GR. Moreover, AAV-si-GR injection occluded the cognition-improving effects of FX5, suggesting that FX5 functioning as a non-steroidal GR antagonist. In PA-treated primary neurons (as DCI model in vitro), we demonstrated that FX5 (2, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently ameliorated synaptic impairment via upregulating GR/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway, protected against neuronal apoptosis through repressing GR/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-mediated tauopathy and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum stress. In LPS-treated primary microglia, FX5 dose-dependently inhibited inflammation through GR/NF-κB/NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. These beneficial effects were also observed in the hippocampus of diabetic mice following FX5 administration. Collectively, we have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of non-steroidal GR antagonist FX5 on DCI and highlighted the potential of FX5 in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan-Zhen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Meng
- Faculty of Art and Science, Queens University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xing-Nan Ou-Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Fang Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-di Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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11
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Aschner M, Skalny AV, Ke T, da Rocha JBT, Paoliello MMB, Santamaria A, Bornhorst J, Rongzhu L, Svistunov AA, Djordevic AB, Tinkov AA. Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Signaling as a Protective Mechanism against Endogenous and Exogenous Neurotoxicants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1908-1924. [PMID: 35236265 PMCID: PMC9886801 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the significant role of H2S in brain functioning, it is proposed that H2S may also possess protective effects against adverse effects of neurotoxicants. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to discuss the neuroprotective effects of H2S against toxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous agents involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as etiological factors or key players in disease pathogenesis. Generally, the existing data demonstrate that H2S possesses neuroprotective effects upon exposure to endogenous (amyloid β, glucose, and advanced-glycation end-products, homocysteine, lipopolysaccharide, and ammonia) and exogenous (alcohol, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, metals, 6-hydroxydopamine, as well as 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP)) neurotoxicants. On the one hand, neuroprotective effects are mediated by S-sulfhydration of key regulators of antioxidant (Sirt1, Nrf2) and inflammatory response (NF-κB), resulting in the modulation of the downstream signaling, such as SIRT1/TORC1/CREB/BDNF-TrkB, Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, or other pathways. On the other hand, H2S appears to possess a direct detoxicative effect by binding endogenous (ROS, AGEs, Aβ) and exogenous (MeHg) neurotoxicants, thus reducing their toxicity. Moreover, the alteration of H2S metabolism through the inhibition of H2S-synthetizing enzymes in the brain (CBS, 3-MST) may be considered a significant mechanism of neurotoxicity. Taken together, the existing data indicate that the modulation of cerebral H2S metabolism may be used as a neuroprotective strategy to counteract neurotoxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous neurotoxicants associated with neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), fetal alcohol syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, environmental neurotoxicant exposure, etc. In this particular case, modulation of H2S-synthetizing enzymes or the use of H2S-releasing drugs should be considered as the potential tools, although the particular efficiency and safety of such interventions are to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-mail
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12
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Gharb M, Nouralishahi A, Riazi A, Riazi G. Inhibition Of Tau Protein Aggregation By a Chaperone-like β-Boswellic Acid Conjugated To Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30347-30358. [PMID: 36061732 PMCID: PMC9434627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit tau protein aggregation in neurons has substantial effects on preventing or controlling Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, we designed a covalent and noncovalent conjugation of β-boswellic acid (BA) to gold nanoparticles (GNPs). We provided the opportunity to investigate the effect of the surface composition of BA-GNPs on the aggregation of the tau protein 1N/4R isoform in vitro. HR-TEM and FESEM micrographs revealed that GNPs were spherical and uniform, smaller than 25 nm. According to UV-visible and FTIR data, BA was successfully conjugated to GNPs. The finding illustrates the effect of the surface charge, size, and hydrophobicity of BA-GNPs on the kinetics of tau protein aggregation. The size and surface area of U-G-BA demonstrated that inhibited tau aggregation more effectively than covalently linked BA. The proposed method for preventing tau aggregation was monomer reduction. At the same time, a chaperone-like feature of GNP-BA while sustaining a tau native structure prevented the additional formation of fibrils. Overall, this study provides insight into the interaction of GNP-BAs with a monomer of tau protein and may suggest novel future therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gharb
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14335, Iran
- Caspian
Factually of Engineering, University of
Tehran, Rezvanshahr 4386191836, Gilan Iran
| | - Amideddin Nouralishahi
- Caspian
Factually of Engineering, University of
Tehran, Rezvanshahr 4386191836, Gilan Iran
| | - Ali Riazi
- Kondor
Pharma Inc., Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1T4, Canada
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14335, Iran
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13
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Reactive sulfur species and their significance in health and disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231692. [PMID: 36039860 PMCID: PMC9484011 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) have been recognized in the last two decades as very important molecules in redox regulation. They are involved in metabolic processes and, in this way, they are responsible for maintenance of health. This review summarizes current information about the essential biological RSS, including H2S, low molecular weight persulfides, protein persulfides as well as organic and inorganic polysulfides, their synthesis, catabolism and chemical reactivity. Moreover, the role of RSS disturbances in various pathologies including vascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2, neurological diseases, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in the most current problem of COVID-19 is presented. The significance of RSS in aging is also mentioned. Finally, the possibilities of using the precursors of various forms of RSS for therapeutic purposes are discussed.
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14
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Chen SM, Tang XQ. Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1726-1735. [PMID: 34951391 PMCID: PMC9881069 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, P.R. China; ,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China,Address correspondence to this author at the The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
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15
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Fan X, Xia L, Zhou Z, Qiu Y, Zhao C, Yin X, Qian W. Tau Acts in Concert With Kinase/Phosphatase Underlying Synaptic Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:908881. [PMID: 35711910 PMCID: PMC9196307 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.908881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by two pathological features: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), formed by microtubule-associated protein tau, and abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Multiple evidence placed synaptic tau as the vital fact of AD pathology, especially at the very early stage of AD. In the present review, we discuss tau phosphorylation, which is critical for the dendritic localization of tau and synaptic plasticity. We review the related kinases and phosphatases implicated in the synaptic function of tau. We also review the synergistic effects of these kinases and phosphatases on tau-associated synaptic deficits. We aim to open a new perspective on the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liye Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenhao Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomin Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Qian
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16
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Zhou Q, Li S, Li M, Ke D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Liu GP, Wang XC, Liu E, Wang JZ. Human tau accumulation promotes glycogen synthase kinase-3β acetylation and thus upregulates the kinase: A vicious cycle in Alzheimer neurodegeneration. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103970. [PMID: 35339896 PMCID: PMC8956943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is one of the most effective kinases in promoting tau hyperphosphorylation and accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear how GSK-3β activity is regulated during AD progression. METHODS We firstly used mass spectrometry to identify the acetylation site of GSK-3β, and then established the cell and animal models of GSK-3β acetylation. Next, we conducted molecular, cell biological and behavioral tests. Finally, we designed a peptide to test whether blocking tau-mediated GSK-3β acetylation could be beneficial to AD. FINDINGS We found that GSK-3β protein levels increased in the brains of AD patients and the transgenic mice. Overexpressing tau increased GSK-3β protein level with increased acetylation and decreased ubiquitination-related proteolysis. Tau could directly acetylate GSK-3β at K15 both in vitro and in vivo. K15-acetylation inhibited ubiquitination-associated proteolysis of GSK-3β and changed its activity-dependent phosphorylation, leading to over-activation of the kinase. GSK-3β activation by K15-acetylation in turn exacerbated the AD-like pathologies. Importantly, competitively inhibiting GSK-3β K15-acetylation by a novel-designed peptide remarkably improved cognitive impairment and the AD-like pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice. INTERPRETATION Tau can directly acetylate GSK-3β at K15 which reveals a vicious cycle between tau hyperphosphorylation and GSK-3β activation. FUNDING This study was supported in parts by grants from Science and Technology Committee of China (2016YFC1305800), Hubei Province (2018ACA142), Natural Science Foundation of China (91949205, 82001134, 31730035, 81721005), Guangdong Provincial Key S&T Program (018B030336001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhi Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Enjie Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.
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18
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Gupta R, Sahu M, Tripathi R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Protein S-sulfhydration: Unraveling the prospective of hydrogen sulfide in the brain, vasculature and neurological manifestations. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101579. [PMID: 35124235 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn) are essential regulatory signaling molecules generated by the entire body, including the central nervous system. Researchers have focused on the classical H2S signaling from the past several decades, whereas the last decade has shown the emergence of H2S-induced protein S-sulfhydration signaling as a potential therapeutic approach. Cysteine S-persulfidation is a critical paradigm of post-translational modification in the process of H2S signaling. Additionally, studies have shown the cross-relationship between S-sulfhydration and other cysteine-induced post-translational modifications, namely nitrosylation and carbonylation. In the central nervous system, S-sulfhydration is involved in the cytoprotection through various signaling pathways, viz. inflammatory response, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis. Further, studies have demonstrated H2S-induced S-sulfhydration in regulating different biological processes, such as mitochondrial integrity, calcium homeostasis, blood-brain permeability, cerebral blood flow, and long-term potentiation. Thus, protein S-sulfhydration becomes a crucial regulatory molecule in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we first described the generation of intracellular H2S followed by the application of H2S in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain permeability. Further, we described the involvement of S-sulfhydration in different biological and cellular functions, such as inflammatory response, mitochondrial integrity, calcium imbalance, and oxidative stress. Moreover, we highlighted the importance of S-sulfhydration in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
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20
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Liang SY, Wang ZT, Tan L, Yu JT. Tau Toxicity in Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3617-3634. [PMID: 35359226 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). The main function of tau is to promote the assembly of microtubules and stabilize their structure. After a long period of research on neurodegenerative diseases, the function and dysfunction of the microtubule-associated protein tau in neurodegenerative diseases and tau neurotoxicity have attracted increasing attention. Tauopathies are a series of progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by pathological changes in tau, such as abnormal phosphorylation. The pathological features of tauopathies are the deposition of abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins and the aggregation of tau proteins in neurons. This article first describes the normal physiological function and dysfunction of tau proteins and then discusses the enzymes and proteins involved in tau phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, the role of tau in cell dysfunction, and the relationships between tau and several neurodegenerative diseases. The study of tau neurotoxicity provides new directions for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China. .,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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21
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Kabel AM, Arab HH, Atef A, Estfanous RS. Omarigliptin/galangin combination mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in rats: Involvement of glucagon-like peptide-1, toll-like receptor-4, apoptosis and Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Life Sci 2022; 295:120396. [PMID: 35157909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this work were to assess the possibility of administration of omarigliptin and/or galangin to combat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats and to explore the possible mechanisms that might contribute to their actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a rat model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, the changes in the behavioral tests, biochemical parameters, and the histopathological picture were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Administration of either omarigliptin or galangin to LPS-injected rats was able to significantly improve the behavioral changes with restoration of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, decrement of toll-like receptor-4 levels, and amelioration of the neuroinflammation associated with inhibition of apoptosis and restoration of glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in the cerebral tissues. In addition, omarigliptin and/or galangin significantly reduced the levels of phospho-Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) and significantly increased the expression of beclin-1 in the cerebral tissues compared versus the group treated with LPS alone. As a result, these changes were positively reflected on the histopathological and the electron microscopic picture of the cerebral tissues. These beneficial effects were maximally evidenced in rats treated with omarigliptin/galangin combination relative to the use of either omarigliptin or galangin alone. SIGNIFICANCE Omarigliptin/galangin combination might be proposed as a promising therapeutic line for mitigation of the pathophysiologic events of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa Atef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Remon S Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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22
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Zhang LN, Li MJ, Shang YH, Liu YR, Han-Chang H, Lao FX. Zeaxanthin Attenuates the Vicious Circle Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tau Phosphorylation: Involvement of GSK-3β Activation. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:191-204. [PMID: 35034906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized by neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylated tau is the most common cause of dementia. Zeaxanthin (Zea), derived from fruits and vegetables, may reduce the risk of AD. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) might cause memory impairment in AD. OBJECTIVE Here, we studied protective role of Zea on the relationship among ERS, activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β, tau phosphorylated kinase), and p-Tau (Ser 396 and Thr 231). METHODS The results were obtained in non-RA and RA group by using different treatment, such as 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA), TM (ERS inducer), Zea, 4-PBA (ERS inhibitor), and SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor). The methods included flow cytometry and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] for the detections of cell cycle and cell viability and western blot as a third measure of proteins in relation to ERS and tau phosphorylation. We have collected and analyzed all the data that suggested application of drugs for the treatment in non-RA and RA group. RESULTS Zea displays its protection on TM-induced cell injury, upregulation of GRP78 expression, and change of GSK-3β activity and tau phosphorylation when 4-PBA and SB216763 interfere with the process. CONCLUSION These studies indicated that Zea is in vicious circle in ERS, GSK-3β, and tau phosphorylation, and further reflect its potential value in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huang Han-Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xue Lao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China.,College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P.R. China
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23
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ROS-Induced mtDNA Release: The Emerging Messenger for Communication between Neurons and Innate Immune Cells during Neurodegenerative Disorder Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121917. [PMID: 34943020 PMCID: PMC8750316 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most striking hallmarks shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is microglia-mediated and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. Although inhibitions of both harmful proteins and aggregation are major treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, whether the phenomenon of non-normal protein or peptide aggregation is causally related to neuronal loss and synaptic damage is still controversial. Currently, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons that may play a key role in the regulation of immune cells, is proposed as a regulator in neurological disorders. In this review, we propose that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release due to ROS may act on microglia and astrocytes adjacent to neurons to induce inflammation through activation of innate immune responses (such as cGAS/STING). Elucidating the relationship between mtDNA and the formation of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of crosstalk between neuronal and peripheral immune cells and lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
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24
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A network pharmacology approach to uncover the key ingredients in Ginkgo Folium and their anti-Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18993-19012. [PMID: 34315132 PMCID: PMC8351672 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify potential anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) targets and action mechanisms of Ginkgo Folium (GF) through a network pharmacology approach. Eighty-four potential targets of 10 active anti-AD ingredients of GF were identified, among which genkwanin (GK) had the greatest number of AD-related targets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most significantly enriched signaling pathway of GF against AD was Alzheimer disease (hsa05010). More importantly, 29 of the 84 targets were significantly correlated with tau, Aβ or both Aβ and tau pathology. In addition, GO analysis suggested that the main biological processes of GF in AD treatment were the regulation of chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0007268), neuron death (GO:0070997), amyloid-beta metabolic process (GO:0050435), etc. We further investigated the anti-AD effects of GK using N2A-APP cells (a classical cellular model of AD). Treatment N2A-APP cells with 100 μM GK for 48 h affected core targets related to tau pathology (such as CDK5 and GSK3β). In conclusion, these findings indicate that GF exerts its therapeutic effects on AD by acting directly on multiple pathological processes of AD.
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25
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Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Tiwari S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Post-translational modifications: Regulators of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101336. [PMID: 33775891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmark features in the neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) is the accumulation of aggregated and/or non-functional protein in the cellular milieu. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are an essential regulator of non-functional protein aggregation in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Any alteration in the post-translational mechanism and the protein quality control system, for instance, molecular chaperone, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway, enhances the accumulation of misfolded protein, which causes neuronal dysfunction. Post-translational modification plays many roles in protein turnover rate, accumulation of aggregate and can also help in the degradation of disease-causing toxic metabolites. PTMs such as acetylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, SUMOylation, nitration, oxidation, and many others regulate protein homeostasis, which includes protein structure, functions and aggregation propensity. Different studies demonstrated the involvement of PTMs in the regulation of signaling cascades such as PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, MAPK cascade, AMPK pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Further, mounting evidence suggests that targeting different PTMs with small chemical molecules, which acts as an inhibitor or activator, reverse misfolded protein accumulation and thus enhances the neuroprotection. Herein, we briefly discuss the protein aggregation and various domain structures of different proteins involved in the NDDs, indicating critical amino acid residues where PTMs occur. We also describe the implementation and involvement of various PTMs on signaling cascade and cellular processes in NDDs. Lastly, we implement our current understanding of the therapeutic importance of PTMs in neurodegeneration, along with emerging techniques targeting various PTMs.
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26
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Pluth M. Moving Past Quinone-Methides: Recent Advances toward Minimizing Electrophilic Byproducts from COS/H2S Donors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:2882-2889. [PMID: 34161211 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210622130002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important biomolecule that plays key signaling and protective roles in different physiological processes. With the goals of advancing both the available research tools and the associated therapeutic potential of H2S, researchers have developed different methods to deliver H2S on-demand in different biological contexts. A recent approach to develop such donors has been to design compounds that release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly converted to H2S in biological systems by the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). Although highly diversifiable, many approaches using this general platform release quinone methides or related electrophiles after donor activation. Many such electrophiles are likely scavenged by water, but recent efforts have also expanded alternative approaches that minimize the formation of electrophilic byproducts generated after COS release. This mini-review focuses specifically on recent examples of COS-based H2S donors that do not generate quinone methide byproducts after donor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology. University of Oregon. Eugene, OR, United States
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27
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The relationship of soluble TREM2 to other biomarkers of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13050. [PMID: 34158530 PMCID: PMC8219697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is a central player in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The soluble fragment of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) can serve as a marker for microglial activation and has been shown to be overexpressed in AD. However, the relationship of sTREM2 with other AD biomarkers has not been extensively studied. We investigated the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sTREM2 and other AD biomarkers and examined the correlation of plasma sTREM2 with CSF sTREM2 in a cohort of individuals with AD and without AD. Participants were consecutively recruited from Asan Medical Center from 2018 to 2020. Subjects were stratified by their amyloid positivity and clinical status. Along with other AD biomarkers, sTREM2 level was measured in the plasma as well as CSF. In 101 patients with either amyloid-positive or negative status, CSF sTREM2 was closely associated with CSF T-tau and P-tau and not with Abeta42. CSF sTREM2 levels were found to be strongly correlated with CSF neurofilament light chain. The comparison of CSF and plasma sTREM2 levels tended to have an inverse correlation. Plasma sTREM2 and P-tau levels were oppositely influenced by age. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation may be closely associated with tau-induced neurodegeneration.
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28
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Annadurai N, De Sanctis JB, Hajdúch M, Das V. Tau secretion and propagation: Perspectives for potential preventive interventions in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113756. [PMID: 33989658 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by the accumulation of intracytoplasmic aggregates of tau protein, which are suggested to spread in a prion-like manner between interconnected brain regions. This spreading is mediated by the secretion and uptake of tau from the extracellular space or direct cell-to-cell transmission through cellular protrusions. The prion-like tau then converts the endogenous, normal tau into pathological forms, resulting in neurodegeneration. The endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-independent tau secretion through unconventional secretory pathways involves delivering misfolded and aggregated tau to the plasma membrane and its release into the extracellular space by non-vesicular and vesicular mechanisms. Although cytoplasmic tau was thought to be released only from degenerating cells, studies now show that cells constitutively secrete tau at low levels under physiological conditions. The mechanisms of secretion of tau under physiological and pathological conditions remain unclear. Therefore, a better understanding of these pathways is essential for developing therapeutic approaches that can target prion-like tau forms to prevent neurodegeneration progression in AD. This review focuses on unconventional secretion pathways involved in the spread of tau pathology in AD and presents these pathways as prospective areas for future AD drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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29
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Bassot A, Chen J, Simmen T. Post-Translational Modification of Cysteines: A Key Determinant of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts (MERCs). CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211001213. [PMID: 37366382 PMCID: PMC10243593 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells must adjust their redox state to an ever-changing environment that could otherwise result in compromised homeostasis. An obvious way to adapt to changing redox conditions depends on cysteine post-translational modifications (PTMs) to adapt conformation, localization, interactions and catalytic activation of proteins. Such PTMs should occur preferentially in the proximity of oxidative stress sources. A particular concentration of these sources is found near membranes where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria interact on domains called MERCs (Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts). Here, fine inter-organelle communication controls metabolic homeostasis. MERCs achieve this goal through fluxes of Ca2+ ions and inter-organellar lipid exchange. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause PTMs of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) proteins determine these intertwined MERC functions. Chronic changes of the pattern of these PTMs not only control physiological processes such as the circadian clock but could also lead to or worsen many human disorders such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Simmen
- Thomas Simmen, Department of Cell
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7.
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