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Soudi M, Cencillo-Abad P, Patel J, Ghimire S, Dillon J, Biswas A, Mukhopadhyay K, Chanda D. Self-Assembled Plasmonic Structural Color Colorimetric Sensor for Smartphone-Based Point-Of-Care Ammonia Detection in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39146238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring chemical levels is crucial for safeguarding both the environment and public health. Elevated levels of ammonia, for instance, can harm both humans and aquatic ecosystems, often indicating contamination from agriculture, industry, or sewage. Developing portable, high-resolution, and affordable methods for in situ monitoring of ammonia is thus imperative. Plasmonic sensors offer a promising solution, detecting ammonia by correlating changes in their optical response to the target analyte's concentration. While they are highly sensitive and can be fabricated in a variety of portable and user-friendly formats, some still require reagents or expensive optical equipment, which hinder their widespread adoption. Here, we present a self-assembled nanoplasmonic colorimetric sensor capable of directly detecting ammonia concentrations in aqueous matrices. The proposed sensor exploits the plasmonic resonance of the nanostructures to transduce changes in the chemical environment into alterations in color, offering a label-free method for real-time analysis. The sensor is fabricated using a self-assembling technique compatible with low-cost mass production based on aluminum and aluminum oxide, ensuring affordability and avoiding the use of other toxic chemicals. We developed a model to predict ammonia concentrations based on visible color change of the sensor, achieving a detection limit of 8.5 ppm. Furthermore, to address the need for on-site detection, we integrated smartphone technology for real-time color change analysis, eliminating the need for expensive, bulky optical instruments. Indeed, our approach offers a cost-effective, portable, and user-friendly solution for ammonia detection in water without the need for chemical reagents or spectrometers, making it ideal for field applications. Interestingly, this platform extends its applicability beyond ammonia detection, enabling the monitoring of various chemicals using a smartphone, without the need for any additional costly equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Soudi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Pablo Cencillo-Abad
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Jay Patel
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Suvash Ghimire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Joseph Dillon
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Aritra Biswas
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Kausik Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Debashis Chanda
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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2
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Liao Q, Cheng H, Qu L. Droplet-Pen Writing of Ultra-Uniform Graphene Pattern for Multi-Spectral Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400384. [PMID: 38708684 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Artificial optical patterns bring wide benefits in applications like structural color display, photonic camouflage, and electromagnetic cloak. Their scalable coating on large-scale objects will greatly enrich the multimodal-interactive society. Here, a droplet-pen writing (DPW) method to directly write multi-spectral patterns of thin-film graphene is reported. By amphiphilicity regulations of 2D graphene nanosheets, ultra-uniform and ultrathin films can spontaneously form on droplet caps and pave to the substrate, thus inducing optical interference. This allows the on-surface patterning by pen writing of droplets. Specifically, drop-on-demand thin films are achieved with millimeter lateral size and uniformity up to 97% in subwavelength thickness (<100 nm), corresponding to an aspect ratio of over 30 000. The pixelated thin-film patterns of disks and lines in an 8-inch wafer scale are demonstrated, which enable low-emittance structural color paintings. Furthermore, the applications of these patterns for dual-band camouflage and infrared-to-visible encryption are investigated. This study highlights the potential of 2D material self-assembly in the large-scale preparation and multi-spectral application of thin film-based optical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huhu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Kim D, Lee J, Kim G, Ma J, Kim HM, Han JH, Jeong HH. Proton-Assisted Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles into Wafer-Scale Monolayers in Seconds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313299. [PMID: 38267396 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Underwater adhesion processes in nature promise controllable assembly of functional nanoparticles for industrial mass production; However, their artificial strategies have faced challenges to uniformly transfer nanoparticles into a monolayer, particularly those below 100 nm in size, over large areas. Here a scalable "one-shot" self-limiting nanoparticle transfer technique is presented, enabling the efficient transport of nanoparticles from water in microscopic volumes to an entire 2-inch wafer in a remarkably short time of 10 seconds to reach near-maximal surface coverage (≈40%) in a 2D mono-layered fashion. Employing proton engineering in electrostatic assembly accelerates the diffusion of nanoparticles (over 50 µm2/s), resulting in a hundredfold faster coating speed than the previously reported results in the literature. This charge-sensitive process further enables "pick-and-place" nanoparticle patterning at the wafer scale, with large flexibility in surface materials, including flexible metal oxides and 3D-printed polymers. As a result, the fabrication of wafer-scale disordered plasmonic metasurfaces in seconds is successfully demonstrated. These metasurfaces exhibit consistent resonating colors across diverse material and geometrical platforms, showcasing their potential for applications in full-color painting and optical encryption devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doeun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - JuHyeong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyurin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Ma
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hwan Han
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim G, Kim D, Ko S, Han JH, Kim J, Ko JH, Song YM, Jeong HH. Programmable directional color dynamics using plasmonics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38304019 PMCID: PMC10831043 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive multicolor filters have emerged as key components for ensuring color accuracy and resolution in outdoor visual devices. However, the current state of this technology is still in its infancy and largely reliant on liquid crystal devices that require high voltage and bulky structural designs. Here, we present a multicolor nanofilter consisting of multilayered 'active' plasmonic nanocomposites, wherein metallic nanoparticles are embedded within a conductive polymer nanofilm. These nanocomposites are fabricated with a total thickness below 100 nm using a 'lithography-free' method at the wafer level, and they inherently exhibit three prominent optical modes, accompanying scattering phenomena that produce distinct dichroic reflection and transmission colors. Here, a pivotal achievement is that all these colors are electrically manipulated with an applied external voltage of less than 1 V with 3.5 s of switching speed, encompassing the entire visible spectrum. Furthermore, this electrically programmable multicolor function enables the effective and dynamic modulation of the color temperature of white light across the warm-to-cool spectrum (3250 K-6250 K). This transformative capability is exceptionally valuable for enhancing the performance of outdoor optical devices that are independent of factors such as the sun's elevation and prevailing weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyurin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hwan Han
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
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5
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Chen J, Song G, Cong S, Zhao Z. Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Electrochromic Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300179. [PMID: 36929668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in optoelectronics, electrochromic materials and devices have received tremendous attentions from both industry and academia for their strong potentials in wearable and portable electronics, displays/billboards, adaptive camouflage, tunable optics, and intelligent devices, etc. However, conventional electrochromic materials and devices typically present some serious limitations such as undesirable dull colors, and long switching time, hindering their deeper development. Optical resonators have been proven to be the most powerful platform for providing strong optical confinement and controllable lightmatter interactions. They generate locally enhanced electromagnetic near-fields that can convert small refractive index changes in electrochromic materials into high-contrast color variations, enabling multicolor or even panchromatic tuning of electrochromic materials. Here, resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices, an advanced and emerging trend in electrochromics, are reviewed. In this review, w e will focus on the progress in multicolor electrochromic materials and devices based on different types of optical resonators and their advanced and emerging applications, including multichromatic displays, adaptive visible camouflage, visualized energy storage, and applications of multispectral tunability. Among these topics, principles of optical resonators, related materials/devices and multicolor electrochromic properties are comprehensively discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Li Y, Sun P, Chen J, Zha X, Tang X, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Cong S, Geng F, Zhao Z. Colorful Electrochromic Displays with High Visual Quality Based on Porous Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300116. [PMID: 36921294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of metamaterials into electrochromic (EC) displays has recently inspired a great breakthrough in the EC field, as this can offer a variety of new attractive features, from a very wide gamut of colors to very fast switching times. However, such metamaterial-based EC displays still face significant constraints when developing from single electrodes to full devices, because other supportive components in devices, such as counter electrodes and electrolytes, significantly affect light propagation and the subsequent perceived color quality in metamaterial-based EC devices. Herein, a new, cost-effective device design structured around a new type of porous metamaterial is reported to circumvent the critical problem in metamaterial-based EC displays. Owing to its unique design, the metamaterial-based EC device achieves good color quality with no drop in brightness or shift in color chromaticity when compared with a single electrode. Moreover, the porous-metamaterial-based EC device can exhibit non-iridescence and be viewed from a wide range of angles (5°-85°) and has fast switching response (2.4 and 2.5 s for coloration and bleaching, respectively), excellent cycling performance (at least 2000 cycles), and extremely low power consumption (4.0 mW cm-2 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Li
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Zha
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Tang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Shan Cong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang, 330200, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Geng
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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7
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Cencillo-Abad P, Franklin D, Mastranzo-Ortega P, Sanchez-Mondragon J, Chanda D. Ultralight plasmonic structural color paint. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7207. [PMID: 36888718 PMCID: PMC9995036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All present commercial colors are based on pigments. While such traditional pigment-based colorants offer a commercial platform for large-volume and angle insensitiveness, they are limited by their instability in atmosphere, color fading, and severe environmental toxicity. Commercial exploitation of artificial structural coloration has fallen short due to the lack of design ideas and impractical nanofabrication techniques. Here, we present a self-assembled subwavelength plasmonic cavity that overcomes these challenges while offering a tailorable platform for rendering angle and polarization-independent vivid structural colors. Fabricated through large-scale techniques, we produce stand-alone paints ready to be used on any substrate. The platform offers full coloration with a single layer of pigment, surface density of 0.4 g/m2, making it the lightest paint in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cencillo-Abad
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Daniel Franklin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Physical Sciences Bldg. 430, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela Mastranzo-Ortega
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erron.1, Sta. María Tonanzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - Javier Sanchez-Mondragon
- National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erron.1, Sta. María Tonanzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - Debashis Chanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Physical Sciences Bldg. 430, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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8
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Ko B, Kim J, Yang Y, Badloe T, Park J, Ko JH, Jeong M, Kang H, Jung C, Song YM, Rho J. Humidity-Responsive RGB-Pixels via Swelling of 3D Nanoimprinted Polyvinyl Alcohol. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204469. [PMID: 36373672 PMCID: PMC9839877 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-responsive structural coloration is actively investigated to realize real-time humidity sensors for applications in smart farming, food storage, and healthcare management. Here, humidity-tunable nano pixels are investigated with a 700 nm resolution that demonstrates full standard RGB (sRGB) gamut coverage with a millisecond-response time. The color pixels are designed as Fabry-Pérot (F-P) etalons which consist of an aluminum mirror substrate, humidity-responsive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spacer, and a top layer of disordered silver nanoparticles (NPs). The measured volume change of the PVA reaches up to 62.5% when the relative humidity (RH) is manipulated from 20 to 90%. The disordered silver NP layer permits the penetration of water molecules into the PVA layer, enhancing the speed of absorption and swelling down to the millisecond level. Based on the real-time response of the hydrogel-based F-P etalons with a high-throughput 3D nanoimprint technique, a high-resolution multicolored color print that can have potential applications in display technologies and optical encryption, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and MetaphotonicsPohang37673Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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9
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Yılmaz Atalı P, Doğu Kaya B, Manav Özen A, Tarçın B, Şenol AA, Tüter Bayraktar E, Korkut B, Bilgin Göçmen G, Tağtekin D, Türkmen C. Assessment of Micro-Hardness, Degree of Conversion, and Flexural Strength for Single-Shade Universal Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224987. [PMID: 36433113 PMCID: PMC9697557 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-shade universal resin composites (SsURC) are preferred in clinical practice to reduce time for shade selection and obtain good esthetic results. In this study, the static mechanical properties of seven new SsURCs were investigated, their spectral analyzes were performed and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations were presented. Charisma Diamond One/DO, Admira Fusion x-tra/AFX, Omnichroma/OC, OptiShade/OS, Essentia Universal/EU, Zenchroma/ZC, Vittra APS Unique/VU were used in a three-point bending test to determine flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM); Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) and hardness-ratio (HR) were performed with a micro-hardness tester from top/bottom after 24-h/15-days of storage in distilled water at 37 °C (±1 °C). The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure of the resin matrix and filler content were assessed by SEM. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and the R program and the significance level was taken as p < 0.05. The main effect of the tested SsURCs was found to be statistically significant on FS, EM, VHN, and DC values (p < 0.001). Bis-GMA free SsURCs (AFX, DO, VU) showed better DC and HR except for OC. All seven tested SsURCs conform to the requirements of ISO standards for dental resin composites for all tested categories.
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Li K, Wang J, Cai W, He H, Liu J, Yin Z, Luo D, Mu Q, Gérard D, Liu YJ. Electrically switchable structural colors based on liquid-crystal-overlaid aluminum anisotropic nanoaperture arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:31913-31924. [PMID: 36242264 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actively tunable or reconfigurable structural colors are highly promising in future development for high resolution imaging and displaying applications. To this end, we demonstrate switchable structural colors covering the entire visible range by integrating aluminum nanoaperture arrays with nematic liquid crystals. The geometrically anisotropic design of the nanoapertures provides strong polarization-dependent coloration. By overlaying a nematic liquid crystal layer, we further demonstrate switchable ability of the structural colors by either changing the polarization of the incident light or applying an external voltage. The switchable structural colors have a fast response time of 28 ms at a driving voltage of 6.5 V. Furthermore, colorful patterns are demonstrated by coding the colors with various dimensions of nanoaperture arrays with dual switching modes. Our proposed technique in this work provides a dual-mode switchable structural colors, which is highly promising for polarimetric displays, imaging sensors, and visual cryptography.
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11
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Badloe T, Kim J, Kim I, Kim WS, Kim WS, Kim YK, Rho J. Liquid crystal-powered Mie resonators for electrically tunable photorealistic color gradients and dark blacks. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:118. [PMID: 35487908 PMCID: PMC9054757 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from beautiful colors in nature, structural colors produced from nanostructured metasurfaces have shown great promise as a platform for bright, highly saturated, and high-resolution colors. Both plasmonic and dielectric materials have been employed to produce static colors that fulfil the required criteria for high-performance color printing, however, for practical applications in dynamic situations, a form of tunability is desirable. Combinations of the additive color palette of red, green, and blue enable the expression of further colors beyond the three primary colors, while the simultaneous intensity modulation allows access to the full color gamut. Here, we demonstrate an electrically tunable metasurface that can represent saturated red, green, and blue pixels that can be dynamically and continuously controlled between on and off states using liquid crystals. We use this to experimentally realize ultrahigh-resolution color printing, active multicolor cryptographic applications, and tunable pixels toward high-performance full-color reflective displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Sung Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wu K, Zhu T, Zhu L, Sun Y, Chen K, Chen J, Yuan H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Chen X, Sun J. Reversible Mechanochromisms via Manipulating Surface Wrinkling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2261-2269. [PMID: 35234042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic structural-colored materials have promising applications in various domains. In this Letter, we report three types of reversible mechanochromisms in simple material systems by harnessing mechano-responsive wrinkling dynamics including (i) brightness mechanochromism (BM), (ii) hue change mechanochromism (HCM), and (iii) viewable angle mechanochromism (VAM). Upon stretching, the BM device exhibits almost a constant hue but reduces light brightness due to the postbuckling mechanics-controlled deformation, while the HCM device can change the hue from blue to red with almost constant intensity because of the linear elastic mechanics-controlled deformation. The VAM device shows a constant hue because of the thin film interference effect. However, the viewable angles decrease with increasing applied strain owing to the light scattering of wrinkles. All of the mechanochromic behaviors exhibit good reversibility and durability. We clearly elucidated the underlying mechanisms for different mechanochromisms and demonstrated their potential applications in smart displays, stretchable strain sensors, and antipeeping/anticounterfeiting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Haozhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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13
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Jung C, Kim SJ, Jang J, Ko JH, Kim D, Ko B, Song YM, Hong SH, Rho J. Disordered-nanoparticle-based etalon for ultrafast humidity-responsive colorimetric sensors and anti-counterfeiting displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8598. [PMID: 35275712 PMCID: PMC8916721 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of real-time and sensitive humidity sensors is in great demand from smart home automation and modern public health. We hereby proposed an ultrafast and full-color colorimetric humidity sensor that consists of chitosan hydrogel sandwiched by a disordered metal nanoparticle layer and reflecting substrate. This hydrogel-based resonator changes its resonant frequency to external humidity conditions because the chitosan hydrogels are swollen under wet state and contracted under dry state. The response time of the sensor is ~104 faster than that of the conventional Fabry-Pérot design. The origins of fast gas permeation are membrane pores created by gaps between the metal nanoparticles. Such instantaneous and tunable response of a new hydrogel resonator is then exploited for colorimetric sensors, anti-counterfeiting applications, and high-resolution displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Doa Kim
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (S.-H.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (S.-H.H.); (J.R.)
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14
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Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly refers to a solution-processed assembly of nanometer-/micrometer-sized, well-dispersed particles into secondary structures, whose collective properties are controlled by not only nanoparticle property but also the superstructure symmetry, orientation, phase, and dimension. This combination of characteristics makes colloidal superstructures highly susceptible to remote stimuli or local environmental changes, representing a prominent platform for developing stimuli-responsive materials and smart devices. Chemists are achieving even more delicate control over their active responses to various practical stimuli, setting the stage ready for fully exploiting the potential of this unique set of materials. This review addresses the assembly of colloids into stimuli-responsive or smart nanostructured materials. We first delineate the colloidal self-assembly driven by forces of different length scales. A set of concepts and equations are outlined for controlling the colloidal crystal growth, appreciating the importance of particle connectivity in creating responsive superstructures. We then present working mechanisms and practical strategies for engineering smart colloidal assemblies. The concepts underpinning separation and connectivity control are systematically introduced, allowing active tuning and precise prediction of the colloidal crystal properties in response to external stimuli. Various exciting applications of these unique materials are summarized with a specific focus on the structure-property correlation in smart materials and functional devices. We conclude this review with a summary of existing challenges in colloidal self-assembly of smart materials and provide a perspective on their further advances to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qingsong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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15
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Badloe T, Kim I, Kim Y, Kim J, Rho J. Electrically Tunable Bifocal Metalens with Diffraction-Limited Focusing and Imaging at Visible Wavelengths. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102646. [PMID: 34486242 PMCID: PMC8564427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tunable optical devices powered by metasurfaces provide a new path for functional planar optics. In particular, lenses with tunable focal lengths can play a key role in various fields with applications in imaging, displays, and augmented and virtual reality devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an electrically controllable bifocal metalens at visible wavelengths by incorporating a metasurface designed to focus light at two different focal lengths, with liquid crystals to actively manipulate the focal length of the metalens through the application of an external bias. By utilizing hydrogenated amorphous silicon that is optimized to provide an extremely low extinction coefficient in the visible regime, the metalens is highly efficient with measured focusing efficiencies of around 44%. They numerically design and experimentally realize and characterize tunable focusing and demonstrate electrically tunable active imaging at visible wavelengths using the bifocal metalens combined with liquid crystals. Diffraction limited focusing and imaging is verified through the analysis of the measured optical intensities at the focal points and the modulation transfer function. The bifocal metalens is used to demonstrate electrically modulated focus switching between the two designed focal planes, to display images of positive and negative target objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and MetaphotonicsPohang37673Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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16
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Xiong K, Olsson O, Svirelis J, Palasingh C, Baumberg J, Dahlin A. Video Speed Switching of Plasmonic Structural Colors with High Contrast and Superior Lifetime. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103217. [PMID: 34448507 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reflective displays or "electronic paper" technologies provide a solution to the high energy consumption of emissive displays by simply utilizing ambient light. However, it has proven challenging to develop electronic paper with competitive image quality and video speed capabilities. Here, the first technology that provides video speed switching of structural colors with high contrast over the whole visible is shown. Importantly, this is achieved with a broadband-absorbing polarization-insensitive electrochromic polymer instead of liquid crystals, which makes it possible to maintain high reflectivity. It is shown that promoting electrophoretic ion transport (drift motion) improves the switch speed. In combination with new nanostructures that have high surface curvature, this enables video speed switching (20 ms) at high contrast (50% reflectivity change). A detailed analysis of the optical signal during switching shows that the polaron formation starts to obey first order reaction kinetics in the video speed regime. Additionally, the system still operates at ultralow power consumption during video speed switching (<1 mW cm-2 ) and has negligible power consumption (<1 µW cm-2 ) in bistability mode. Finally, the fast switching increases device lifetime to at least 107 cycles, an order of magnitude more than state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Xiong
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Justas Svirelis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Chonnipa Palasingh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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17
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Li K, Wang J, Cai W, He H, Cen M, Liu J, Luo D, Mu Q, Gérard D, Liu YJ. Electrically Switchable, Polarization-Sensitive Encryption Based on Aluminum Nanoaperture Arrays Integrated with Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7183-7190. [PMID: 34410715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface-based structural coloration is a promising enabling technology for advanced optical encryption with a high-security level. Herein, we propose a paradigm of electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive optical encryption based on designed metasurfaces integrated with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The metasurfaces consist of anisotropic and isotropic aluminum nanoaperture arrays. Optical images can be encrypted by elaborately arranging anisotropic and isotropic nanoapertures based on their polarization-dependent plasmonic resonance characteristics. We demonstrate high-quality encrypted images and QR codes with electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive properties based on PDLC-integrated aluminum nanoaperture arrays. The proposed technique can be applied to many fields including high-security optical encryption, security tags, anticounterfeiting, multichannel imaging, and dynamic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Light, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes and CNRS ERL 7004, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengjia Cen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quanquan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Davy Gérard
- Light, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes and CNRS ERL 7004, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Palinski TJ, Tadimety A, Trase I, Vyhnalek BE, Hunter GW, Garmire E, Zhang JXJ. Vibrant reflective sensors with percolation film Fabry-Pérot nanocavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25000-25010. [PMID: 34614841 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically reconfigurable structural colors are promising materials for new smart optical systems. However, improved reflected color quality (e.g., saturation, optical contrast, angular invariance) and larger tuning range/sensitivity are needed. Here, we demonstrate a vibrant, actively tunable system which meets these needs via coupling broadband plasmonic resonators to a responsive polymer film. Our structure consists of near-percolation gold nanoislands deposited on a poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA) spacer above a gold mirror, forming a Fabry-Pérot nanocavity. Broadband absorption in this system creates vivid reflected colors, while the polymer spacer enables continuous tuning over a wide color space. By exploiting swelling effects in PMMA, we show fast, reversible color switching in response to organic vapors. Our sensitive optical structure amplifies small vapor-induced changes in the spacer thickness, enabling naked-eye detection of changes as small as 10 nm. Additionally, optical absorption >99% yields modulation contrasts up to 80:1, opening the door to ultra-sensitive on-chip signal measurements, complementing the visual colorimetric readout. This structure has immediate implications for colorimetric bio/chemical sensing and may also find application to reflective displays and flexible/adaptive optical coatings.
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19
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Mao P, Liu C, Niu Y, Qin Y, Song F, Han M, Palmer RE, Maier SA, Zhang S. Disorder-Induced Material-Insensitive Optical Response in Plasmonic Nanostructures: Vibrant Structural Colors from Noble Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007623. [PMID: 33929067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Materials show various responses to incident light, owing to their unique dielectric functions. A well-known example is the distinct colors displayed by metals, providing probably the simplest method to identify gold, silver, and bronze since ancient times. With the advancement of nanotechnology, optical structures with feature sizes smaller than the optical wavelength have been routinely achieved. In this regime, the optical response is also determined by the geometry of the nanostructures, inspiring flourishing progress in plasmonics, photonic crystals, and metamaterials. Nevertheless, the nature of the materials still plays a decisive role in light-matter interactions, and this material-dependent optical response is widely accepted as a norm in nanophotonics. Here, a counterintuitive system-plasmonic nanostructures composed of different materials but exhibiting almost identical reflection-is proposed and realized. The geometric disorder embedded in the system overwhelms the contribution of the material properties to the electrodynamics. Both numerical simulations and experimental results provide concrete evidence of the insensitivity of the optical response to different plasmonic materials. The same optical response is preserved with various materials, providing great flexibility of freedom in material selection. As a result, the proposed configuration may shed light on novel applications ranging from Raman spectroscopy, photocatalysis, to nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Changxu Liu
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Yubiao Niu
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Yuyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Gugole M, Olsson O, Rossi S, Jonsson MP, Dahlin A. Electrochromic Inorganic Nanostructures with High Chromaticity and Superior Brightness. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4343-4350. [PMID: 33969987 PMCID: PMC8289301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of actively controlling structural colors has recently attracted a lot of attention, in particular for new types of reflective displays (electronic paper). However, it has proven challenging to achieve good image quality in such devices, mainly because many subpixels are necessary and the semitransparent counter electrodes lower the total reflectance. Here we present an inorganic electrochromic nanostructure based on tungsten trioxide, gold, and a thin platinum mirror. The platinum reflector provides a wide color range and makes it possible to "reverse" the device design so that electrolyte and counter electrode can be placed behind the nanostructures with respect to the viewer. Importantly, this makes it possible to maintain high reflectance regardless of how the electrochemical cell is constructed. We show that our nanostructures clearly outperform the latest commercial color e-reader in terms of both color range and brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Gugole
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus P. Jonsson
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Hu Q, Lin KT, Lin H, Zhang Y, Jia B. Graphene Metapixels for Dynamically Switchable Structural Color. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8930-8939. [PMID: 33988983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural coloration providing vibrant and tailored colors enables broad applications. Existing strategies of structural coloration either use resonances or diffraction induced by arrayed nanostructures with element sizes at a wavelength scale or are based on interference from vacuum-deposited large-area thin films. It is extremely challenging to achieve full color pixels with diffraction-limited resolution without sophisticated multiple-step nanostructure fabrication or externally applied field control. Realization of dynamically switchable full color displays with diffraction-limited resolution is even harder. This work demonstrates a structural color strategy with developed anisotropic graphene metapixels. The anisotropic optical property is given by the intrinsic birefringence of the layered structure of graphene metamaterials, and each metapixel is spatially encoded by direct laser printing with diffraction-limited resolution (250 nm). The colors can be dynamically and instantly switched by controlling the scattering of the light source to excite different modes based on the strong anisotropic optical properties of the graphene metapixels. The low-cost large-scale fabrication method allows experimental demonstration of a large-area (4 in.) flexible full color optical switchable display. Such a simple, effective and flexible method promises broad practical applications in color display and color image sensing related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Hu
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Han Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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22
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Yamaguchi S, Karaer O, Lee C, Sakai T, Imazato S. Color matching ability of resin composites incorporating supra-nano spherical filler producing structural color. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e269-e275. [PMID: 33563472 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the optical properties of supra-nano spherical fillers with different diameters and the color matching ability of resin composites (RC) incorporating these fillers. METHODS Two types of SiO2-ZrO2 nano fillers with different diameters (150nm and 260nm) were used. The size distribution of each filler was measured and filler morphology was observed. The colors and spectral reflection spectra were measured by a spectral reflectometer. Experimental RCs incorporating ϕ150-nm/ϕ260-nm filler (D150RC/D260RC) were prepared. For the base dentin part, disc specimens (Estelite Astelia: A1B, A2B, A3B, A3.5B, or A4B) were prepared with a cylindrical cavity. Estelite Astelia with NE shade was layered on top as the enamel layer. Disk specimens with different cavity depths were prepared using A3B shade. Experimental RC was used to fill the cavity, and spectral reflection spectrums were obtained and analyzed. Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU) with A3B shade was used (n=10) as a control. RESULTS Both ϕ150-nm and ϕ260-nm nano fillers showed uniform spherical shape and exhibited no aggregation. The maximum peaks of the spectral reflection spectra of the ϕ150-nm and ϕ260-nm nano fillers were 380nm and 580nm, producing structural colors close to blue and yellow, respectively. The spectral reflection spectrum of FSU had a broad peak at 540nm, and D150RC had a significant peak at 420nm. The D260RC specimen had a broad peak at 680nm. The peaks of D150RC and D260RC significantly decreased in accordance with the shift in base RC shade from A1B to A4B. There was no significant difference in the peak of the reflection spectral spectra among different cavity depths of D260RC. These results suggest that the experimental RC could reflect base RC colors via the matrix resin, and the amount of transmitted light from the base RC was not much different with cavity depth. SIGNIFICANCE D260RC producing structural color demonstrated a broad spectrum and reduction in brightness and chromatic value by adapting to surrounding restorative materials, suggesting its ability to enhance the chameleon (blending) effects to improve color matching. D260RC showed better color matching ability than resin composite containing uniformly sized ϕ150-nm SiO2-ZrO2 supra-nano spherical filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Oğuzcan Karaer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chunwoo Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakai
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Liang Y, Lin H, Koshelev K, Zhang F, Yang Y, Wu J, Kivshar Y, Jia B. Full-Stokes Polarization Perfect Absorption with Diatomic Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1090-1095. [PMID: 33439662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterial-based perfect absorbers provide efficient ways for selective absorption of light with both linear or circular polarizations. Perfect absorption for an arbitrary polarization requires the development of subwavelength structures absorbing efficiently elliptically polarized light, but they remain largely unexplored. Here, we design and realize experimentally novel plasmonic metasurfaces for full-Stokes polarization perfect absorption in the mid-infrared. The metasurface unit cell consists of coupled anisotropic meta-atoms forming a diatomic metamolecule. The designed plasmonic metastructures provide a strong field enhancement by at least 1 order of magnitude higher than conventional perfect absorbers. In experiment, our plasmonic metasurfaces demonstrate sharp differentiation of spectral responses for an arbitrary pair of orthogonal polarization states (linear, circular, or elliptical) providing perfect absorption for one polarization with strong reflection for its counterpart. Our results suggest a novel route for efficient control of light polarization in metasurfaces offering numerous potential applications ranging from thermal imaging to chiral molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liang
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Han Lin
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Kirill Koshelev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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