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Jakešová M, Kunovský O, Gablech I, Khodagholy D, Gelinas J, Głowacki ED. Coupling of photovoltaics with neurostimulation electrodes-optical to electrolytic transduction. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046003. [PMID: 38885680 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad593d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective.The wireless transfer of power for driving implantable neural stimulation devices has garnered significant attention in the bioelectronics field. This study explores the potential of photovoltaic (PV) power transfer, utilizing tissue-penetrating deep-red light-a novel and promising approach that has received less attention compared to traditional induction or ultrasound techniques. Our objective is to critically assess key parameters for directly powering neurostimulation electrodes with PVs, converting light impulses into neurostimulation currents.Approach.We systematically investigate varying PV cell size, optional series configurations, and coupling with microelectrodes fabricated from a range of materials such as Pt, TiN, IrOx, Ti, W, PtOx, Au, or poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate). Additionally, two types of PVs, ultrathin organic PVs and monocrystalline silicon PVs, are compared. These combinations are employed to drive pairs of electrodes with different sizes and impedances. The readout method involves measuring electrolytic current using a straightforward amplifier circuit.Main results.Optimal PV selection is crucial, necessitating sufficiently large PV cells to generate the desired photocurrent. Arranging PVs in series is essential to produce the appropriate voltage for driving current across electrode/electrolyte impedances. By carefully choosing the PV arrangement and electrode type, it becomes possible to emulate electrical stimulation protocols in terms of charge and frequency. An important consideration is whether the circuit is photovoltage-limited or photocurrent-limited. High charge-injection capacity electrodes made from pseudo-faradaic materials impose a photocurrent limit, while more capacitive materials like Pt are photovoltage-limited. Although organic PVs exhibit lower efficiency than silicon PVs, in many practical scenarios, stimulation current is primarily limited by the electrodes rather than the PV driver, leading to potential parity between the two types.Significance.This study provides a foundational guide for designing a PV-powered neurostimulation circuit. The insights gained are applicable to bothin vitroandin vivoapplications, offering a resource to the neural engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jakešová
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kunovský
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Imrich Gablech
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gelinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Rho S, Sanders HS, Smith BD, O'Sullivan TD. Miniature wireless LED-device for photodynamic-induced cell pyroptosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104209. [PMID: 38734196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The inability of visible light to penetrate far through biological tissue limits its use for phototherapy and photodiagnosis of deep-tissue sites of disease. This is unfortunate because many visible dyes are excellent photosensitizers and photocatalysts that can induce a wide range of photochemical processes, including photogeneration of reactive oxygen species. One potential solution is to bring the light source closer to the site of disease by using a miniature implantable LED. With this goal in mind, we fabricated a wireless LED-based device (volume of 23 mm3) that is powered by RF energy and emits light with a wavelength of 573 nm. It has the capacity to excite the green absorbing dye Rose Bengal, which is an efficient type II photosensitizer. The wireless transfer of RF power is effective even when the device is buried in chicken breast and located 6 cm from the transmitting antenna. The combination of a wireless device as light source and Rose Bengal as photosensitizer was found to induce cell death of cultured HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Time-dependent generation of protruding bubbles was observed in the photoactivated cells suggesting cell death by light-induced pyroptosis and supporting evidence was gained by cell staining with the fluorescence probes Annexin-V FITC and Propidium Iodide. The results reveal a future path towards a wireless implanted LED-based device that can trigger photodynamic immunogenic cell death in deep-seated cancerous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Rho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Hailey S Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Thomas D O'Sullivan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, USA.
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Yue O, Wang X, Xie L, Bai Z, Zou X, Liu X. Biomimetic Exogenous "Tissue Batteries" as Artificial Power Sources for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices Manufacturing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307369. [PMID: 38196276 PMCID: PMC10953594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronic devices (IBDs) have gained attention for their capacity to conformably detect physiological and pathological signals and further provide internal therapy. However, traditional power sources integrated into these IBDs possess intricate limitations such as bulkiness, rigidity, and biotoxicity. Recently, artificial "tissue batteries" (ATBs) have diffusely developed as artificial power sources for IBDs manufacturing, enabling comprehensive biological-activity monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy. ATBs are on-demand and designed to accommodate the soft and confining curved placement space of organisms, minimizing interface discrepancies, and providing ample power for clinical applications. This review presents the near-term advancements in ATBs, with a focus on their miniaturization, flexibility, biodegradability, and power density. Furthermore, it delves into material-screening, structural-design, and energy density across three distinct categories of TBs, distinguished by power supply strategies. These types encompass innovative energy storage devices (chemical batteries and supercapacitors), power conversion devices that harness power from human-body (biofuel cells, thermoelectric nanogenerators, bio-potential devices, piezoelectric harvesters, and triboelectric devices), and energy transfer devices that receive and utilize external energy (radiofrequency-ultrasound energy harvesters, ultrasound-induced energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Ultimately, future challenges and prospects emphasize ATBs with the indispensability of bio-safety, flexibility, and high-volume energy density as crucial components in long-term implantable bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Zhongxue Bai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xiaoliang Zou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
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Miziev S, Pawlak WA, Howard N. Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1320441. [PMID: 38292898 PMCID: PMC10825050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1320441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As neural implant technologies advance rapidly, a nuanced understanding of their powering mechanisms becomes indispensable, especially given the long-term biocompatibility risks like oxidative stress and inflammation, which can be aggravated by recurrent surgeries, including battery replacements. This review delves into a comprehensive analysis, starting with biocompatibility considerations for both energy storage units and transfer methods. The review focuses on four main mechanisms for powering neural implants: Electromagnetic, Acoustic, Optical, and Direct Connection to the Body. Among these, Electromagnetic Methods include techniques such as Near-Field Communication (RF). Acoustic methods using high-frequency ultrasound offer advantages in power transmission efficiency and multi-node interrogation capabilities. Optical methods, although still in early development, show promising energy transmission efficiencies using Near-Infrared (NIR) light while avoiding electromagnetic interference. Direct connections, while efficient, pose substantial safety risks, including infection and micromotion disturbances within neural tissue. The review employs key metrics such as specific absorption rate (SAR) and energy transfer efficiency for a nuanced evaluation of these methods. It also discusses recent innovations like the Sectored-Multi Ring Ultrasonic Transducer (S-MRUT), Stentrode, and Neural Dust. Ultimately, this review aims to help researchers, clinicians, and engineers better understand the challenges of and potentially create new solutions for powering neural implants.
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Kim H, Rigo B, Wong G, Lee YJ, Yeo WH. Advances in Wireless, Batteryless, Implantable Electronics for Real-Time, Continuous Physiological Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:52. [PMID: 38099970 PMCID: PMC10724104 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless, batteryless, fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring, focusing on advancing human health care. Design considerations, such as biological constraints, energy sourcing, and wireless communication, are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues. In addition, we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems, emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. The wireless, batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body, enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis. Lastly, we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care, highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Kim
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Bruno Rigo
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gabriella Wong
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Sheng H, Jiang L, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Ma H, Bi H, Yuan J, Shao M, Li F, Li W, Xie E, Liu Y, Xie Z, Wang J, Yu C, Lan W. A soft implantable energy supply system that integrates wireless charging and biodegradable Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8083. [PMID: 37967195 PMCID: PMC10651135 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of implantable bioelectronic devices offers prospective solutions toward health monitoring and disease diagnosis and treatments. However, advances in power modules have lagged far behind the tissue-integrated sensor nodes and circuit units. Here, we report a soft implantable power system that monolithically integrates wireless energy transmission and storage modules. The energy storage unit comprises biodegradable Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors that use molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanosheets as cathode, ion-crosslinked alginate gel as electrolyte, and zinc foil as anode, achieving high capacitance (93.5 mF cm-2) and output voltage (1.3 V). Systematic investigations have been conducted to elucidate the charge storage mechanism of the supercapacitor and to assess the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the materials. Furthermore, the wirelessly transmitted energy can not only supply power directly to applications but also charge supercapacitors to ensure a constant, reliable power output. Its power supply capabilities have also been successfully demonstrated for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zongwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yurong Lv
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Huasheng Bi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Mingjiao Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Erqing Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Jeong SH, Lee MG, Kim CC, Park J, Baek Y, Park BI, Doh J, Sun JY. An implantable ionic therapeutic platform for photodynamic therapy with wireless capacitive power transfer. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2215-2225. [PMID: 37000519 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01548j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the development of an implantable ionic device that can deliver a spatially targeted light source to tumor tissues in a controllable manner. The motivation behind our approach is to overcome certain limitations of conventional approaches where light is delivered from the outside of the body and only achieves low penetration depths. Also, to avoid the issues that come from the periodic need to replace the device's battery, we utilize a wireless power transfer system synchronized with light operation in an implantable structure. In our testing of this implanted, soft ionic, gel-based device that receives power wirelessly, we were able to clearly observe its capability to effectively deliver light in a harmonious and stable configuration to adjacent tissues. This approach reduces the mechanical inconsistencies seen in conventional systems that are induced by mismatches between the mechanical strength of conventional metallic components and that of biological tissues. The light delivering performance of our device was studied in depth under the various conditions set by adjusting the area of the gel receivers, the ion concentration and the ion types used in the gel components. The enhanced antitumor effects of our device were observed through in vitro cell tests, in comparison with treatments using the conventional approach of using direct light from outside the body. Full encapsulation using biocompatible elastomers enables our device to provide good functional stability, while implantation for about 3 weeks in the in vivo model showed the effective targeted photodynamic treatments made possible by our approach. Our advanced approach of designing the implantable platform based on ionic gel components allows us to iteratively irradiate a target with light whenever required, making the technology particularly suited to long-term treatment of residual tumors while facilitating further practical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Ha Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chong-Chan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeehun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Ik Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lyu S, He Y, Tao X, Yao Y, Huang X, Ma Y, Peng Z, Ding Y, Wang Y. Subcutaneous power supply by NIR-II light. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6596. [PMID: 36329024 PMCID: PMC9633840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable medical devices are wished to be recharged via contactless power transfer technologies without interventional operations. Superior to subcutaneous power supply by visible light or electromagnetic wave, second near-infrared (NIR-II) light is predicted to possess 60 times subcutaneous power transmission but hard to be utilized. Here we report a photo-thermal-electric converter via the combination of photothermal conversion and thermoelectric conversion. It is able to generate an output power as high as 195 mW under the coverage of excised tissues, presenting advantages of non-invasion, high output power, negligible biological damage, and deep tissue penetration. As an in vivo demonstration, the output power of a packaged converter in the abdominal cavity of a rabbit reaches 20 mW under NIR-II light irradiation through the rabbit skin with a thickness of 8.5 mm. This value is high enough to recharge an implanted high-power-consumption wireless camera and transfer video signal out of body in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Lyu
- grid.24539.390000 0004 0368 8103Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100082 Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin He
- grid.24539.390000 0004 0368 8103Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Xinglei Tao
- grid.24539.390000 0004 0368 8103Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Yuge Yao
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100082 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- grid.24539.390000 0004 0368 8103Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Ma
- grid.24539.390000 0004 0368 8103Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Peng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100082 Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100082 Beijing, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- grid.24539.390000 0004 0368 8103Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
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Muzzio N, Eduardo Martinez-Cartagena M, Romero G. Soft nano and microstructures for the photomodulation of cellular signaling and behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114554. [PMID: 36181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive soft materials are everywhere in the nature, from human's retina tissues to plants, and have been the inspiration for engineers in the development of modern biomedical materials. Light as an external stimulus is particularly attractive because it is relatively cheap, noninvasive to superficial biological tissues, can be delivered contactless and offers high spatiotemporal control. In the biomedical field, soft materials that respond to long wavelength or that incorporate a photon upconversion mechanism are desired to overcome the limited UV-visible light penetration into biological tissues. Upon light exposure, photosensitive soft materials respond through mechanisms of isomerization, crosslinking or cleavage, hyperthermia, photoreactions, electrical current generation, among others. In this review, we discuss the most recent applications of photosensitive soft materials in the modulation of cellular behavior, for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in drug delivery and for phototherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Muzzio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | | | - Gabriela Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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García-Moreno A, Comerma-Montells A, Tudela-Pi M, Minguillon J, Becerra-Fajardo L, Ivorra A. Wireless networks of injectable microelectronic stimulators based on rectification of volume conducted high frequency currents. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36041421 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8dc4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and in vivo demonstrate threadlike wireless implantable neuromuscular microstimulators that are digitally addressable. APPROACH These devices perform, through its two electrodes, electronic rectification of innocuous high frequency current bursts delivered by volume conduction via epidermal textile electrodes. By avoiding the need of large components to obtain electrical energy, this approach allows the development of thin devices that can be intramuscularly implanted by minimally invasive procedures such as injection. For compliance with electrical safety standards, this approach requires a minimum distance, in the order of millimeters or a very few centimeters, between the implant electrodes. Additionally, the devices must cause minimal mechanical damage to tissues, avoid dislocation and be adequate for long-term implantation. Considering these requirements, the implants were conceived as tubular and flexible devices with two electrodes at opposite ends and, at the middle section, a hermetic metallic capsule housing the electronics. MAIN RESULTS The developed implants have a submillimetric diameter (0.97 mm diameter, 35 mm length) and consist of a microcircuit, which contains a single custom-developed integrated circuit, housed within a titanium capsule (0.7 mm diameter, 6.5 mm length), and two platinum-iridium coils that form two electrodes (3 mm length) located at opposite ends of a silicone body. These neuromuscular stimulators are addressable, allowing to establish a network of microstimulators that can be controlled independently. Their operation was demonstrated in an acute study by injecting a few of them in the hind limb of anesthetized rabbits and inducing controlled and independent contractions. SIGNIFICANCE These results show the feasibility of manufacturing threadlike wireless addressable neuromuscular stimulators by using fabrication techniques and materials well established for chronic electronic implants. Although long-term operation still must be demonstrated, the obtained results pave the way to the clinical development of advanced motor neuroprostheses formed by dense networks of such wireless devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelys García-Moreno
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
| | - Albert Comerma-Montells
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
| | - Marc Tudela-Pi
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
| | - Jesus Minguillon
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
| | - Laura Becerra-Fajardo
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
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Seung Lee J, Kim J, Ye YS, Kim TI. Materials and device design for advanced phototherapy systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114339. [PMID: 35568104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy has recently emerged as a promising solution for cancer treatment due to its multifunctionality and minimal invasiveness. Notwithstanding the limited penetration depth of light through skin, the ability of photopharmaceutical device systems to deliver light to desired lesions is important. The device system deploys advanced biocompatible materials and fabrication technologies for electronics, and eventually enables more efficient phototherapy. In this review, we focus on diverse optical electronics to illuminate the lesion site with light. Then, moving on to the phototherapy, we highlight photo-thermal therapy with light absorbing materials, photo-activated chemotherapy with light sensitive materials, and photo-dynamic therapy using photosensitizers. Furthermore, we introduce a drug delivery system that can deliver these photopharmaceutical agents spatiotemporally to the tumor site. To this end, we provide a general overview of materials and devices for phototherapy and discuss critical issues and pending limitations of such phototherapy.
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12
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Silverå Ejneby M, Jakešová M, Ferrero JJ, Migliaccio L, Sahalianov I, Zhao Z, Berggren M, Khodagholy D, Đerek V, Gelinas JN, Głowacki ED. Chronic electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves via deep-red light transduced by an implanted organic photocapacitor. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:741-753. [PMID: 34916610 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Implantable devices for the wireless modulation of neural tissue need to be designed for reliability, safety and reduced invasiveness. Here we report chronic electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in rats by an implanted organic electrolytic photocapacitor that transduces deep-red light into electrical signals. The photocapacitor relies on commercially available semiconducting non-toxic pigments and is integrated in a conformable 0.1-mm3 thin-film cuff. In freely moving rats, fixation of the cuff around the sciatic nerve, 10 mm below the surface of the skin, allowed stimulation (via 50-1,000-μs pulses of deep-red light at wavelengths of 638 nm or 660 nm) of the nerve for over 100 days. The robustness, biocompatibility, low volume and high-performance characteristics of organic electrolytic photocapacitors may facilitate the wireless chronic stimulation of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Silverå Ejneby
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Jakešová
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jose J Ferrero
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ludovico Migliaccio
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ihor Sahalianov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vedran Đerek
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jennifer N Gelinas
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Kim N, Kim J, Seo J, Hong C, Lee J. Stretchable Inorganic LED Displays with Double-Layer Modular Design for High Fill Factor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4344-4351. [PMID: 35029968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent commercial success of flexible and foldable displays has resulted in growing interest in stretchable electronics which are considered to be the next generation of the optoelectronic technology. Stretchable display technologies are being intensively studied for versatile applications including wearable, attachable, and shape changeable electronics. In this paper, we present high fill factor, stretchable inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) displays fabricated by connecting mini-LEDs and stretchable interconnects in a double-layer modular design. The double-layer modular design enables an increased areal coverage of LEDs and stretchable interconnectors with both electrical and mechanical stability. The main features of the double-layer modular design, fabrication processes, and device characteristics for the high fill factor, stretchable inorganic LED display are discussed, with experimental and computational results. Demonstrations of a passive matrix LED display confirm the potential value of the multi-layer structured, stretchable electronics in a wide range of applications that need high fill factor with high stretchability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Seo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Changeui Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sheng H, Zhang X, Liang J, Shao M, Xie E, Yu C, Lan W. Recent Advances of Energy Solutions for Implantable Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100199. [PMID: 33930254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of implantable bioelectronics has attracted widespread attention in modern society because it can improve treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and lead to an improvement in the quality of life. However, their continuous operation is often limited by conventional bulky and rigid batteries with a limited lifespan, which must be surgically removed after completing their missions and/or replaced after being exhausted. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent advances in nonconventional energy solutions for implantable bioelectronics, emphasizing the miniaturized, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable power devices. According to their source of energy, the promising alternative energy solutions are sorted into three main categories, including energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), internal energy-harvesting devices (including biofuel cells, piezoelectric/triboelectric energy harvesters, thermoelectric and biopotential power generators), and external wireless power transmission technologies (including inductive coupling/radiofrequency, ultrasound-induced, and photovoltaic devices). Their fundamentals, materials strategies, structural design, output performances, animal experiments, and typical biomedical applications are also discussed. It is expected to offer complementary power sources to extend the battery lifetime of bioelectronics while acting as an independent power supply. Thereafter, the existing challenges and perspectives associated with these powering devices are also outlined, with a focus on implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Mingjiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Erqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Wei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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15
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Sun L, Cheng C, Wang S, Tang J, Xie R, Wang D. Bioinspired, Nanostructure-Amplified, Subcutaneous Light Harvesting to Power Implantable Biomedical Electronics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12475-12482. [PMID: 34355573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable biomedical electronics hold immense promise for in vivo personalized healthy monitoring and even precise therapeutic intervention. Tremendous miniaturization of indwelling modules enables implanted biomedical devices to perform multiple functions with ultralow power consumption but exacerbates the technical challenges of supplying effective power to the devices in vivo. In this Perspective, we summarize new developments in transmitting near-infrared light from sunlight or a light-emitting diode into subcutaneously implanted photovoltaic cells, in which the light utilization efficiency can be amplified with the aid of nanostructured rear reflectors. Considering the many natural examples of nanostructure-induced structural coloration displayed by submarine animals, we wish to open up new prospects of bioinspired, nanostructure-amplified, subcutaneous light harvesting to power implanted biomedical electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chongling Cheng
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Renguo Xie
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dayang Wang
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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16
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Tholl M, Spring M, de Brot S, Casoni D, Zurbuchen A, Tanner H, Haeberlin A. Implications of wound healing on subcutaneous photovoltaic energy harvesting. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:23-31. [PMID: 34086560 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3086671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implanted cardiac pacemakers must be regularly replaced due to depleted batteries. A possible alternative is proposed by subcutaneous photovoltaic energy harvesting. The bodys reaction to an implant can cause device encapsulation. Potential changes in spectral light transmission of skin can inuence the performance of subcutaneous photovoltaic cells and has not yet been studied in large animal studies. METHODS Subcutaneous implants measuring changes in the light reaching the implant were developed. Three pigs received those implants and were analyzed for seven weeks. Spectral measurements with known irradiation were performed to identify possible changes in the transparency of the tissues above the implant during the wound healing process. A histological analysis at the end of the trial investigated the skin tissue above the subcutaneous photovoltaic implants. RESULTS The implants measured decreasing light intensity and shifts in the lights spectrum during the initial wound healing phase. In a later stage of tissue recovery, the implants measured a generally reduced light intensity compared to the healthy tissue after implantation. The spectral distribution of the measured light at the end of the trial was similar to the rst measurements. The histological analysis showed subcutaneous granulation tissue formation for all devices. CONCLUSION The varying reduction of light intensity reaching the implants means that safety margins must be sufciently high to ensure the power. At the end of the wound healing process, the spectral distribution of the light reaching the implant is similar to healthy tissue. Signicance: Optimizations of spectral sensitivity of photovoltaic cells are possible.
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17
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Stuart T, Cai L, Burton A, Gutruf P. Wireless and battery-free platforms for collection of biosignals. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113007. [PMID: 33556807 PMCID: PMC8112193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in biosensors have quantitively expanded current capabilities in exploratory research tools, diagnostics and therapeutics. This rapid pace in sensor development has been accentuated by vast improvements in data analysis methods in the form of machine learning and artificial intelligence that, together, promise fantastic opportunities in chronic sensing of biosignals to enable preventative screening, automated diagnosis, and tools for personalized treatment strategies. At the same time, the importance of widely accessible personal monitoring has become evident by recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in fully integrated and chronic sensing solutions is therefore increasingly important. Chronic operation, however, is not truly possible with tethered approaches or bulky, battery-powered systems that require frequent user interaction. A solution for this integration challenge is offered by wireless and battery-free platforms that enable continuous collection of biosignals. This review summarizes current approaches to realize such device architectures and discusses their building blocks. Specifically, power supplies, wireless communication methods and compatible sensing modalities in the context of most prevalent implementations in target organ systems. Additionally, we highlight examples of current embodiments that quantitively expand sensing capabilities because of their use of wireless and battery-free architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Le Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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18
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Tholl MV, Zurbuchen A, Tanner H, Haeberlin A. Potential of subdermal solar energy harvesting for medical device applications based on worldwide meteorological data. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200334RR. [PMID: 33694336 PMCID: PMC7946961 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.038002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Active implants require batteries as power supply. Their lifetime is limited and may require a second surgical intervention for replacement. Intracorporal energy harvesting techniques generate power within the body and supply the implant. Solar cells below the skin can be used to harvest energy from light. AIM To investigate the potential of subdermal solar energy harvesting. APPROACH We evaluated global radiation data for defined time slots and calculated the output power of a subdermal solar module based on skin and solar cell characteristics. We assumed solar exposure profiles based on daily habits for an implanted solar cell. The output power was calculated for skin types VI and I/II. RESULTS We show that the yearly mean power in most locations on Earth is sufficient to power modern cardiac pacemakers if 10 min midday solar irradiation is assumed. All skin types are suitable for solar harvesting. Moreover, we provide a software tool to predict patient-specific output power. CONCLUSIONS Subdermal solar energy harvesting is a viable alternative to primary batteries. The comparison to a human case study showed a good agreement of the results. The developed code is available open source to enable researchers to investigate further applications of subdermal solar harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien V. Tholl
- University of Bern, sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Zurbuchen
- University of Bern, sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hildegard Tanner
- Bern University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Haeberlin
- University of Bern, sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Jung D, Song K, Ju H, Park H, Han JH, Kim N, Kim J, Lee J. Sustainably Powered, Multifunctional Flexible Feedback Implant by the Bifacial Design and Si Photovoltaics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001480. [PMID: 33200555 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advanced design and integration of functioning devices with secured power is of interest for many applications that require complicated, sophisticated, or multifunctional processes in confined environments such as in human bodies. Here, strategies for design and realization are introduced for multifunctional feedback implants with the bifacial design and silicon (Si) photovoltaics in flexible forms. The approaches provide efficient design spaces for flexible Si photovoltaics facing up for sustainable powering and multiple electronic components for feedback functions facing down for sensing, processing, and stimulating in human bodies. The computational and experimental results including in vivo assessments ensure feasibility of the approaches by demonstrating feedback multifunctions, power-harvesting in milliwatts, and mechanical compatibility for operations in live tissues. This work should useful for wide range of applications that require sustainable power and advanced multifunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwuk Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Hunpyo Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongoh Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Han
- School of Life Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Namyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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20
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Sheng H, Zhou J, Li B, He Y, Zhang X, Liang J, Zhou J, Su Q, Xie E, Lan W, Wang K, Yu C. A thin, deformable, high-performance supercapacitor implant that can be biodegraded and bioabsorbed within an animal body. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabe3097. [PMID: 33523998 PMCID: PMC7793580 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been an outstanding challenge to achieve implantable energy modules that are mechanically soft (compatible with soft organs and tissues), have compact form factors, and are biodegradable (present for a desired time frame to power biodegradable, implantable medical electronics). Here, we present a fully biodegradable and bioabsorbable high-performance supercapacitor implant, which is lightweight and has a thin structure, mechanical flexibility, tunable degradation duration, and biocompatibility. The supercapacitor with a high areal capacitance (112.5 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2) and energy density (15.64 μWh cm-2) uses two-dimensional, amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoO x ) flakes as electrodes, which are grown in situ on water-soluble Mo foil using a green electrochemical strategy. Biodegradation behaviors and biocompatibility of the associated materials and the supercapacitor implant are systematically studied. Demonstrations of a supercapacitor implant that powers several electronic devices and that is completely degraded after implantation and absorbed in rat body shed light on its potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Su
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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