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Fischer-Gödde M, Tusch J, Goderis S, Bragagni A, Mohr-Westheide T, Messling N, Elfers BM, Schmitz B, Reimold WU, Maier WD, Claeys P, Koeberl C, Tissot FLH, Bizzarro M, Münker C. Ruthenium isotopes show the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid. Science 2024; 385:752-756. [PMID: 39146402 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
An impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, occurred 66 million years ago, producing a global stratigraphic layer that marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras. That layer contains elevated concentrations of platinum-group elements, including ruthenium. We measured ruthenium isotopes in samples taken from three Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sites, five other impacts that occurred between 36 million to 470 million years ago, and ancient 3.5-billion- to 3.2-billion-year-old impact spherule layers. Our data indicate that the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid, which had formed beyond the orbit of Jupiter. The five other impact structures have isotopic signatures that are more consistent with siliceous-type asteroids, which formed closer to the Sun. The ancient spherule layer samples are consistent with impacts of carbonaceous-type asteroids during Earth's final stages of accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fischer-Gödde
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Tusch
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven Goderis
- Archeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Bragagni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tanja Mohr-Westheide
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Messling
- Geochemistry and Isotope Geology Department, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bo-Magnus Elfers
- Zentrallabor, Technical University Hamburg, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birger Schmitz
- Astrogeobiology Laboratory, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolf U Reimold
- Laboratório de Geocronologia e Geoquímica Isotópica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang D Maier
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Philippe Claeys
- Archeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Koeberl
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - François L H Tissot
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Martin Bizzarro
- Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Münker
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Zeichner SS, Aponte JC, Bhattacharjee S, Dong G, Hofmann AE, Dworkin JP, Glavin DP, Elsila JE, Graham HV, Naraoka H, Takano Y, Tachibana S, Karp AT, Grice K, Holman AI, Freeman KH, Yurimoto H, Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Sakamoto K, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Okada T, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y, Hamase K, Fukushima K, Aoki D, Hashiguchi M, Mita H, Chikaraishi Y, Ohkouchi N, Ogawa NO, Sakai S, Parker ET, McLain HL, Orthous-Daunay FR, Vuitton V, Wolters C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Thissen R, Ruf A, Isa J, Oba Y, Koga T, Yoshimura T, Araoka D, Sugahara H, Furusho A, Furukawa Y, Aoki J, Kano K, Nomura SIM, Sasaki K, Sato H, Yoshikawa T, Tanaka S, Morita M, Onose M, Kabashima F, Fujishima K, Yamazaki T, Kimura Y, Eiler JM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of Ryugu formed in the interstellar medium. Science 2023; 382:1411-1416. [PMID: 38127762 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain ≲20% of the carbon in the interstellar medium. They are potentially produced in circumstellar environments (at temperatures ≳1000 kelvin), by reactions within cold (~10 kelvin) interstellar clouds, or by processing of carbon-rich dust grains. We report isotopic properties of PAHs extracted from samples of the asteroid Ryugu and the meteorite Murchison. The doubly-13C substituted compositions (Δ2×13C values) of the PAHs naphthalene, fluoranthene, and pyrene are 9 to 51‰ higher than values expected for a stochastic distribution of isotopes. The Δ2×13C values are higher than expected if the PAHs formed in a circumstellar environment, but consistent with formation in the interstellar medium. By contrast, the PAHs phenanthrene and anthracene in Ryugu samples have Δ2×13C values consistent with formation by higher-temperature reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Zeichner
- Geological and Planetary Science Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - José C Aponte
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Surjyendu Bhattacharjee
- Geological and Planetary Science Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Guannan Dong
- Geological and Planetary Science Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Amy E Hofmann
- Geological and Planetary Science Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Jason P Dworkin
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Daniel P Glavin
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Jamie E Elsila
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Heather V Graham
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Allison T Karp
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Environmental, Earth, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kliti Grice
- Western Australia Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Alex I Holman
- Western Australia Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Katherine H Freeman
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Dan Aoki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minako Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hajime Mita
- Department of Life, Environment and Material Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakai
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Eric T Parker
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Hannah L McLain
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Francois-Regis Orthous-Daunay
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Vuitton
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Wolters
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Thematic Studies, Environmental Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roland Thissen
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alexander Ruf
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, Université Aix-Marseille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13397 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Origins, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Junko Isa
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oba
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan
| | - Toshiki Koga
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yoshimura
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araoka
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Haruna Sugahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aogu Furusho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc., Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yoshikawa
- Horiba Advanced Technologies Co. Ltd., Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Tanaka
- Horiba Technology Services Co. Ltd., Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8510, Japan
| | - Mayu Morita
- Horiba Technology Services Co. Ltd., Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8510, Japan
| | - Morihiko Onose
- Horiba Technology Services Co. Ltd., Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8510, Japan
| | - Fumie Kabashima
- Laboratory Equipment Corporation Japan, Tokyo 105-0014, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujishima
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamazaki
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan
| | - John M Eiler
- Geological and Planetary Science Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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