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Silva WJ, Cruz A, Duque G. MicroRNAs and their Modulatory Effect on the Hallmarks of Osteosarcopenia. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024:10.1007/s11914-024-00880-4. [PMID: 39162945 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome associated with disability and mortality. This review summarizes the key microRNAs that regulate the hallmarks of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Our objective was to identify components similarly regulated in the pathology and have therapeutic potential by influencing crucial cellular processes in both bone and skeletal muscle. RECENT FINDINGS The simultaneous decline in bone and muscle in osteosarcopenia involves a complex crosstalk between these tissues. Recent studies have uncovered several key mechanisms underlying this condition, including the disruption of cellular signaling pathways that regulate bone remodeling and muscle function and regeneration. Accordingly, emerging evidence reveals that dysregulation of microRNAs plays a significant role in the development of each of these hallmarks of osteosarcopenia. Although the recent recognition of osteosarcopenia as a single diagnosis of bone and muscle deterioration has provided new insights into the mechanisms of these underlying age-related diseases, several knowledge gaps have emerged, and a deeper understanding of the role of common microRNAs is still required. In this study, we summarize current evidence on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia and identify potential microRNA targets for treating this condition. Among these, microRNAs-29b and -128 are upregulated in the disease and exert adverse effects by inhibiting IGF-1 and SIRT1, making them potential targets for developing inhibitors of their activity. MicroRNA-21 is closely associated with the occurrence of muscle and bone loss. Conversely, microRNA-199b is downregulated in the disease, and its reduced activity may be related to increased myostatin and GSK3β activity, presenting it as a target for developing analogues that restore its function. Finally, microRNA-672 stands out for its ability to protect skeletal muscle and bone when expressed in the disease, highlighting its potential as a possible therapy for osteosarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Silva
- Department of Research and Development, Mirscience Therapeutics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Cruz
- Department of Research and Development, Mirscience Therapeutics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Group. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Dong Y, Yuan H, Ma G, Cao H. Bone-muscle crosstalk under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:310. [PMID: 39066929 PMCID: PMC11335237 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Anatomically connected bones and muscles determine movement of the body. Forces exerted on muscles are then turned to bones to promote osteogenesis. The crosstalk between muscle and bone has been identified as mechanotransduction previously. In addition to the mechanical features, bones and muscles are also secretory organs which interact closely with one another through producing myokines and osteokines. Moreover, besides the mechanical features, other factors, such as nutrition metabolism, physiological rhythm, age, etc., also affect bone-muscle crosstalk. What's more, osteogenesis and myogenesis within motor system occur almost in parallel. Pathologically, defective muscles are always detected in bone associated diseases and induce the osteopenia, inflammation and abnormal bone metabolism, etc., through biomechanical or biochemical coupling. Hence, we summarize the study findings of bone-muscle crosstalk and propose potential strategies to improve the skeletal or muscular symptoms of certain diseases. Altogether, functional improvement of bones or muscles is beneficial to each other within motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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3
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Li HZ, Zhang JL, Yuan DL, Xie WQ, Ladel CH, Mobasheri A, Li YS. Role of signaling pathways in age-related orthopedic diseases: focus on the fibroblast growth factor family. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38902808 PMCID: PMC11191355 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling encompasses a multitude of functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and patterning. FGFs and their receptors (FGFR) are crucial for adult tissue repair processes. Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage, bone loss, muscle reduction, and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), osteoporosis (OP), and sarcopenia. In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically, FGF1, FGF2, FGF8, FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, and FGF23 regulate the synthesis, catabolism, and ossification of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the dysregulation of FGFR expression (FGFR1 and FGFR3) promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation. In OP and sarcopenia, endocrine-derived FGFs (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues. FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles. A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration. Moreover, an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified, such as FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23. However, it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage, and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered. Presently, this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases. Besides, current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing-Lve Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong-Liang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, GA, the Netherlands.
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Flores-Opazo M, Kopinke D, Helmbacher F, Fernández-Verdejo R, Tuñón-Suárez M, Lynch GS, Contreras O. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in physiological adipogenesis and intermuscular adipose tissue remodeling. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101277. [PMID: 38788527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a common pathological feature in various metabolic and health conditions and can cause muscle atrophy, reduced function, inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular issues, and unhealthy aging. Although IMAT results from fat accumulation in muscle, the mechanisms underlying its onset, development, cellular components, and functions remain unclear. IMAT levels are influenced by several factors, such as changes in the tissue environment, muscle type and origin, extent and duration of trauma, and persistent activation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are a diverse and transcriptionally heterogeneous population of stromal cells essential for tissue maintenance, neuromuscular stability, and tissue regeneration. However, in cases of chronic inflammation and pathological conditions, FAPs expand and differentiate into adipocytes, resulting in the development of abnormal and ectopic IMAT. This review discusses the role of FAPs in adipogenesis and how they remodel IMAT. It highlights evidence supporting FAPs and FAP-derived adipocytes as constituents of IMAT, emphasizing their significance in adipose tissue maintenance and development, as well as their involvement in metabolic disorders, chronic pathologies and diseases. We also investigated the intricate molecular pathways and cell interactions governing FAP behavior, adipogenesis, and IMAT accumulation in chronic diseases and muscle deconditioning. Finally, we hypothesize that impaired cellular metabolic flexibility in dysfunctional muscles impacts FAPs, leading to IMAT. A deeper understanding of the biology of IMAT accumulation and the mechanisms regulating FAP behavior and fate are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kopinke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Zhang CY, Yang M. Roles of fibroblast growth factors in the treatment of diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:392-402. [PMID: 38591079 PMCID: PMC10999039 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects about 422 million people worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths each year. However, the incidence of diabetes is increasing, including several types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (5%-10% of diabetic cases) and type 2 diabetes (90%-95% of diabetic cases) are the main types of diabetes in the clinic. Accumulating evidence shows that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family plays important roles in many metabolic disorders, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. FGF consists of 23 family members (FGF-1-23) in humans. Here, we review current findings of FGFs in the treatment of diabetes and management of diabetic complications. Some FGFs (e.g., FGF-15, FGF-19, and FGF-21) have been broadly investigated in preclinical studies for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, and their therapeutic roles in diabetes are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Overall, the roles of FGFs in diabetes and diabetic complications are involved in numerous processes. First, FGF intervention can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides by regulating lipolysis in adipose tissues and hepatic glucose production. Second, modulation of FGF expression can inhibit renal and cardiac fibrosis by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix components, promote diabetic wound healing process and bone repair, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. Finally, FGFs can regulate the activation of glucose-excited neurons and the expression of thermogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- NextGen Precision Health Institution, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
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Kulkoyluoglu Cotul E, Safdar MH, Paez SJ, Kulkarni A, Ayers MG, Lin H, Xianyu Z, Teegarden D, Hursting SD, Wendt MK. FGFR1 Signaling Facilitates Obesity-Driven Pulmonary Outgrowth in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:254-267. [PMID: 38153436 PMCID: PMC10923021 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Survival of dormant, disseminated breast cancer cells contributes to tumor relapse and metastasis. Women with a body mass index greater than 35 have an increased risk of developing metastatic recurrence. Herein, we investigated the effect of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on primary tumor growth and metastatic progression using both metastatic and systemically dormant mouse models of breast cancer. This approach led to increased PT growth and pulmonary metastasis. We developed a novel protocol to induce obesity in Balb/c mice by combining dietary and hormonal interventions with a thermoneutral housing strategy. In contrast to standard housing conditions, ovariectomized Balb/c mice fed a high-fat diet under thermoneutral conditions became obese over a period of 10 weeks, resulting in a 250% gain in fat mass. Obese mice injected with the D2.OR model developed macroscopic pulmonary nodules compared with the dormant phenotype of these cells in mice fed a control diet. Analysis of the serum from obese Balb/c mice revealed increased levels of FGF2 as compared with lean mice. We demonstrate that serum from obese animals, exogenous FGF stimulation, or constitutive stimulation through autocrine and paracrine FGF2 is sufficient to break dormancy and drive pulmonary outgrowth. Blockade of FGFR signaling or specific depletion of FGFR1 prevented obesity-associated outgrowth of the D2.OR model. IMPLICATIONS Overall, this study developed a novel DIO model that allowed for demonstration of FGF2:FGFR1 signaling as a key molecular mechanism connecting obesity to breakage of systemic tumor dormancy and metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Kulkoyluoglu Cotul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Muhammad Hassan Safdar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sebastian Juan Paez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aneesha Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mitchell G. Ayers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zilin Xianyu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael K. Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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8
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Bian X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Lou S. The function of previously unappreciated exerkines secreted by muscle in regulation of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1305208. [PMID: 38249295 PMCID: PMC10796786 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1305208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), distinguished by compromised nervous system integrity, profoundly disrupt the quality of life of patients, concurrently exerting a considerable strain on both the economy and the social healthcare infrastructure. Exercise has demonstrated its potential as both an effective preventive intervention and a rehabilitation approach among the emerging therapeutics targeting NDs. As the largest secretory organ, skeletal muscle possesses the capacity to secrete myokines, and these myokines can partially improve the prognosis of NDs by mediating the muscle-brain axis. Besides the well-studied exerkines, which are secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise that pivotally exert their beneficial function, the physiological function of novel exerkines, e.g., apelin, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and lactate have been underappreciated previously. Herein, this review discusses the roles of these novel exerkines and their mechanisms in regulating the progression and improvement of NDs, especially the significance of their functions in improving NDs' prognoses through exercise. Furthermore, several myokines with potential implications in ameliorating ND progression are proposed as the future direction for investigation. Elucidation of the function of exerkines secreted by skeletal muscle in the regulation of NDs advances the understanding of its pathogenesis and facilitates the development of therapeutics that intervene in these processes to cure NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Bian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Otsuka T, Kan HM, Mengsteab PY, Tyson B, Laurencin CT. Fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF-8b) enhances myogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis in rotator cuff muscle cell populations in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314585121. [PMID: 38147545 PMCID: PMC10769839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314585121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty expansion is one of the features of muscle degeneration due to muscle injuries, and its presence interferes with muscle regeneration. Specifically, poor clinical outcomes have been linked to fatty expansion in rotator cuff tears and repairs. Our group recently found that fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF-8b) inhibits adipogenic differentiation and promotes myofiber formation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. This led us to hypothesize that FGF-8b could similarly control the fate of muscle-specific cell populations derived from rotator cuff muscle involved in muscle repair following rotator cuff injury. In this study, we isolate fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) and satellite stem cells (SCs) from rat rotator cuff muscle tissue and analyzed the effects of FGF-8b supplementation. Utilizing a cell plating protocol, we successfully isolate FAPs-rich fibroblasts (FIBs) and SCs-rich muscle progenitor cells (MPCs). Subsequently, we demonstrate that FIB adipogenic differentiation can be inhibited by FGF-8b, while MPC myogenic differentiation can be enhanced by FGF-8b. We further demonstrate that phosphorylated ERK due to FGF-8b leads to the inhibition of adipogenesis in FIBs and SCs maintenance and myofiber formation in MPCs. Together, these findings demonstrate the powerful potential of FGF-8b for rotator cuff repair by altering the fate of muscle undergoing degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Otsuka
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Paulos Y. Mengsteab
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Breajah Tyson
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
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10
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Song Y, Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Song X, Wu H, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Ma Y. Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3216-3236. [PMID: 36200856 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Yiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
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11
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Sheng R, Cao M, Song M, Wang M, Zhang Y, Shi L, Xie T, Li Y, Wang J, Rui Y. Muscle-bone crosstalk via endocrine signals and potential targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture. J Orthop Translat 2023; 43:36-46. [PMID: 38021216 PMCID: PMC10654153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome coexisting sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a high fracture risk. Recently, skeletal muscle and bone have been recognized as endocrine organs capable of communication through secreting myokines and osteokines, respectively. With a deeper understanding of the muscle-bone crosstalk, these endocrine signals exhibit an important role in osteosarcopenia development and fracture healing. Methods This review summarizes the role of myokines and osteokines in the development and treatment of osteosarcopenia and fracture, and discusses their potential for osteosarcopenia-related fracture treatment. Results Several well-defined myokines (myostatin and irisin) and osteokines (RANKL and SOST) are found to not only regulate skeletal muscle and bone metabolism but also influence fracture healing processes. Systemic interventions targeting these biochemical signals has shown promising results in improving the mass and functions of skeletal muscle and bone, as well as accelerating fracture healing processes. Conclusion The regulation of muscle-bone crosstalk via biochemical signals presents a novel and promising strategy for treating osteosarcopenia and fracture by simultaneously enhancing bone and muscle anabolism. We propose that myostatin, irisin, RANKL, and SOST may serve as potential targets to treat fracture patients with osteosarcopenia. The translational potential of this article Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome where sarcopenia and osteoporosis coexist, with high fracture risk, delayed fracture healing, and increased mortality. However, no pharmacological agent is available to treat fracture patients with osteosarcopenia. This review summarizes the role of several myokines and osteokines in the development and treatment of osteosacropenia and fracture, as well as discusses their potential as intervention targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture, which provides a novel and promising strategy for future osteosarcopenia-related fracture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwang Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mumin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhang T, Li J, Li X, Liu Y. Intermuscular adipose tissue in obesity and related disorders: cellular origins, biological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1280853. [PMID: 37920255 PMCID: PMC10619759 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1280853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a unique adipose depot interspersed between muscle fibers (myofibers) or muscle groups. Numerous studies have shown that IMAT is strongly associated with insulin resistance and muscular dysfunction in people with metabolic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, IMAT aggravates obesity-related muscle metabolism disorders via secretory factors. Interestingly, researchers have discovered that intermuscular brown adipocytes in rodent models provide new hope for obesity treatment by acting on energy dissipation, which inspired researchers to explore the underlying regulation of IMAT formation. However, the molecular and cellular properties and regulatory processes of IMAT remain debated. Previous studies have suggested that muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells and other adipose tissue progenitors contribute to the development of IMAT. Adipocytes within IMAT exhibit features that are similar to either white adipocytes or uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive brown adipocytes. Additionally, given the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle, which comprises myofibers, satellite cells, and resident mesenchymal progenitors, it is plausible that interplay between these cellular components actively participate in the regulation of intermuscular adipogenesis. In this context, we review recent studies associated with IMAT to offer insights into the cellular origins, biological properties, and regulatory mechanisms of IMAT. Our aim is to provide novel ideas for the therapeutic strategy of IMAT and the development of new drugs targeting IMAT-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Guo L, Quan M, Pang W, Yin Y, Li F. Cytokines and exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:666-681. [PMID: 37599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle-adipose crosstalk to regulate systemic metabolism via paracrine and endocrine pathways. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle and ATs, respectively. Exosomes loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, lipid droplets, and organelles can fuse with the cytoplasm of target cells to perform regulatory functions. A major regulatory component of exosomes is miRNA. In addition, numerous novel myokines and adipokines have been identified through technological innovations. These discoveries have identified new biomarkers and sparked new insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose deposition. The knowledge may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Fahrner A, Alchus Laiferová N, Ukropcová B, Ukropec J, Krützfeldt J. Activation of PDGF Signaling in the Adult Muscle Stem Cell Niche in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2052-2064. [PMID: 36702759 PMCID: PMC10348470 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) negatively affects muscle mass and function throughout life. Whether adult muscle stem cells contribute to the decrease in muscle health is not clear and insights into the stem cell niche are difficult to obtain. OBJECTIVE To establish the upstream signaling pathway of microRNA (miR)-501, a marker of activated myogenic progenitor cells, and interrogate this pathway in muscle biopsies from patients with T2D. METHODS Analysis of primary muscle cell cultures from mice and 4 normoglycemic humans and muscle biopsies from 7 patients with T2D and 7 normoglycemic controls using gene expression, information on histone methylation, peptide screening, and promoter assays. RESULTS miR-501 shares the promoter of its host gene, isoform 2 of chloride voltage-gated channel 5 (CLCN5-2), and miR-501 expression increases during muscle cell differentiation. We identify platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) as an upstream regulator of CLCN5-2 and miR-501 via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription. Skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with T2D revealed upregulation of PDGF (1.62-fold, P = .002), CLCN5-2 (2.85-fold, P = .03), and miR-501 (1.73-fold, P = .02) compared with normoglycemic controls. In addition, we observed a positive correlation of PDGF and miR-501 in human skeletal muscle (r = 0.542, P = .045, n = 14). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that paracrine signaling in the adult muscle stem cells niche is activated in T2D. Expression analysis of the PDGF-miR-501 signaling pathway could represent a powerful tool to classify patients in clinical trials that aim to improve muscle health and glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fahrner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikoleta Alchus Laiferová
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Zheng XQ, Huang J, Lin JL, Song CL. Pathophysiological mechanism of acute bone loss after fracture. J Adv Res 2023; 49:63-80. [PMID: 36115662 PMCID: PMC10334135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bone loss after fracture is associated with various effects on the complete recovery process and a risk of secondary fractures among patients. Studies have reported similarities in pathophysiological mechanisms involved in acute bone loss after fractures and osteoporosis. However, given the silence nature of bone loss and bone metabolism complexities, the actual underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. AIM OF REVIEW To elaborate the latest findings in basic research with a focus on acute bone loss after fracture. To briefly highlight potential therapeutic targets and current representative drugs. To arouse researchers' attention and discussion on acute bone loss after fracture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Bone loss after fracture is associated with immobilization, mechanical unloading, blood supply damage, sympathetic nerve regulation, and crosstalk between musculoskeletals among other factors. Current treatment strategies rely on regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, therefore, there is a need to elucidate on the underlying mechanisms of acute bone loss after fractures to inform the development of efficacious and safe drugs. In addition, attention should be paid towards ensuring long-term skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Liang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Li Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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16
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Fahrner A, Luca E, Krützfeldt J. microRNA-501 controls myogenin +/CD74 + myogenic progenitor cells during muscle regeneration. Mol Metab 2023; 71:101704. [PMID: 36907509 PMCID: PMC10033748 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle regeneration is markedly impaired during aging. How adult muscle stem cells contribute to this decrease in regenerative capacity is incompletely understood. We investigated mechanisms of age-related changes in myogenic progenitor cells using the tissue-specific microRNA 501. METHODS Young and old C57Bl/6 mice were used (3 months or 24 months of age, respectively) with or without global or tissue-specific genetic deletion of miR-501. Muscle regeneration was induced using intramuscular cardiotoxin injection or treadmill exercise and analysed using single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Muscle fiber damage was assessed with Evan`s blue dye (EBD). In vitro analysis was performed in primary muscle cells obtained from mice and humans. RESULTS Single cell sequencing revealed myogenic progenitor cells in miR-501 knockout mice at day 6 after muscle injury that are characterized by high levels of myogenin and CD74. In control mice these cells were less in number and already downregulated after day 3 of muscle injury. Muscle from knockout mice had reduced myofiber size and reduced myofiber resilience to injury and exercise. miR-501 elicits this effect by regulating sarcomeric gene expression through its target gene estrogen-related receptor gamma (Esrrg). Importantly, in aged skeletal muscle where miR-501 was significantly downregulated and its target Esrrg significantly upregulated, the number of myog+/CD74+ cells during regeneration was upregulated to similar levels as observed in 501 knockout mice. Moreover, myog+/CD74+-aged skeletal muscle exhibited a similar decrease in the size of newly formed myofibers and increased number of necrotic myofibers after injury as observed in mice lacking miR-501. CONCLUSIONS miR-501 and Esrrg are regulated in muscle with decreased regenerative capacity and loss of miR-501 is permissive to the appearance of CD74+ myogenic progenitors. Our data uncover a novel link between the metabolic transcription factor Esrrg and sarcomere formation and demonstrate that stem cell heterogeneity in skeletal muscle during aging is under miRNA control. Targeting Esrrg or myog+/CD74+ progenitor cells might improve fiber size and myofiber resilience to exercise in aged skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fahrner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edlira Luca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sheng H, Zhang J, Li F, Pan C, Yang M, Liu Y, Cai B, Zhang L, Ma Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Bovine Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Gene and Its Expression during Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065663. [PMID: 36982739 PMCID: PMC10054561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family genes are a class of polypeptide factors with similar structures that play an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, nutritional metabolism, and neural activity. In previous studies, the FGF gene has been widely studied and analyzed in many species. However, the systematic study of the FGF gene in cattle has not been reported. In this study, 22 FGF genes distributed on 15 chromosomes were identified in the Bos taurus genome and clustered into seven subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis and conservative domains. Collinear analysis showed that the bovine FGF gene family was homologous to Bos grunniens, Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, and Hybrid-Bos indicus, and tandem replication and fragment replication were the key driving forces for the expansion of the gene family. Tissue expression profiling showed that bovine FGF genes were commonly expressed in different tissues, with FGF1, FGF5, FGF10, FGF12, FGF16, FGF17, and FGF20 being highly expressed in adipose tissue. In addition, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) detection showed that some FGF genes were differentially expressed before and after adipocyte differentiation, indicating their diverse role in the formation of lipid droplets. This study made a comprehensive exploration of the bovine FGF family and laid a foundation for further study on the potential function in the regulation of bovine adipogenic differentiation.
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18
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Sahinyan K, Lazure F, Blackburn DM, Soleimani VD. Decline of regenerative potential of old muscle stem cells: contribution to muscle aging. FEBS J 2023; 290:1267-1289. [PMID: 35029021 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are required for life-long muscle regeneration. In general, aging has been linked to a decline in the numbers and the regenerative potential of MuSCs. Muscle regeneration depends on the proper functioning of MuSCs, which is itself dependent on intricate interactions with its niche components. Aging is associated with both cell-intrinsic and niche-mediated changes, which can be the result of transcriptional, posttranscriptional, or posttranslational alterations in MuSCs or in the components of their niche. The interplay between cell intrinsic alterations in MuSCs and changes in the stem cell niche environment during aging and its impact on the number and the function of MuSCs is an important emerging area of research. In this review, we discuss whether the decline in the regenerative potential of MuSCs with age is the cause or the consequence of aging skeletal muscle. Understanding the effect of aging on MuSCs and the individual components of their niche is critical to develop effective therapeutic approaches to diminish or reverse the age-related defects in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korin Sahinyan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Felicia Lazure
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Darren M Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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You W, Liu S, Ji J, Ling D, Tu Y, Zhou Y, Chen W, Valencak TG, Wang Y, Shan T. Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible alpha regulates muscle repair and fat infiltration through ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:326-341. [PMID: 36511343 PMCID: PMC9891974 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle fat infiltration is a common feature during ageing, obesity and several myopathies associated with muscular dysfunction and sarcopenia. However, the regulatory mechanisms of intramuscular adipogenesis and strategies to reduce fat infiltration in muscle remain unclear. Here, we identified the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible alpha (GADD45A), a stress-inducible histone folding protein, as a critical regulator of intramuscular fat (IMAT) infiltration. METHODS To explore the role of GADD45A on IMAT infiltration and muscle regeneration, the gain or loss function of GADD45A in intramuscular preadipocytes was performed. The adipocyte-specific GADD45A knock-in (KI) mice and high IMAT-infiltrated muscle model by glycerol injection (50 μL of 50% v/v GLY) were generated. RNA-sequencing, histological changes, gene expression, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and the effect of dietary factor epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment (100 mg/kg) on IMAT infiltration were studied. RESULTS The unbiased transcriptomics data analysis indicated that GADD45A expression positively correlates with IMAT infiltration and muscle metabolic disorders in humans (correlation: young vs. aged people, Gadd45a and Cebpa, r2 = 0.20, P < 0.05) and animals (correlation: wild-type [WT] vs. mdx mice, Gadd45a and Cebpa, r2 = 0.38, P < 0.05; NaCl vs. GLY mice, Gadd45a and Adipoq/Fabp4, r2 = 0.80/0.71, both P < 0.0001). In vitro, GADD45A overexpression promotes intramuscular preadipocyte adipogenesis, upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes (Ppara: +47%, Adipoq: +28%, P < 0.001; Cebpa: +135%, Fabp4: +16%, P < 0.01; Pparg: +66%, Leptin: +77%, P < 0.05). GADD45A knockdown robustly decreased lipid accumulation (Pparg: -57%, Adipoq: -35%, P < 0.001; Fabp4: -37%, P < 0.01; Leptin: -28%, P < 0.05). GADD45A KI mice exhibit inhibited skeletal muscle regeneration (myofibres: -40%, P < 0.01) and enhanced IMAT infiltration (adipocytes: +20%, P < 0.05). These KI mice have impaired exercise endurance and mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, GADD45A affects ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5A1) ubiquitination degradation (ubiquitinated ATP5A1, P < 0.001) by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25, which decreases ATP synthesis (ATP production: -23%, P < 0.01) and inactivates the cAMP/PKA/LKB1 signalling pathway (cAMP: -36%, P < 0.01; decreased phospho-PKA and phospho-LKB1 protein content, P < 0.01). The dietary factor EGCG can protect against muscle fat infiltration (triglyceride: -64%, P < 0.05) via downregulating GADD45A (decreased GADD45A protein content, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a crucial role of GADD45A in regulating muscle repair and fat infiltration and suggest that inhibition of GADD45A by EGCG might be a potential strategy to combat fat infiltration and its associated muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing You
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | - Jianfei Ji
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal NutritionHangzhouChina
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20
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Kim-Muller JY, Song L, LaCarubba Paulhus B, Pashos E, Li X, Rinaldi A, Joaquim S, Stansfield JC, Zhang J, Robertson A, Pang J, Opsahl A, Boucher M, Breen D, Hales K, Sheikh A, Wu Z, Zhang BB. GDF15 neutralization restores muscle function and physical performance in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111947. [PMID: 36640326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a disorder characterized by involuntary weight loss and impaired physical performance. Decline in physical performance of patients with cachexia is associated with poor quality of life, and currently there are no effective pharmacological interventions that restore physical performance. Here we examine the effect of GDF15 neutralization in a mouse model of cancer-induced cachexia (TOV21G) that manifests weight loss and muscle function impairments. With comprehensive assessments, our results demonstrate that cachectic mice treated with the anti-GDF15 antibody mAB2 exhibit body weight gain with near-complete restoration of muscle mass and markedly improved muscle function and physical performance. Mechanistically, the improvements induced by GDF15 neutralization are primarily attributed to increased caloric intake, while altered gene expression in cachectic muscles is restored in caloric-intake-dependent and -independent manners. The findings indicate potential of GDF15 neutralization as an effective therapy to enhance physical performance of patients with cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Kim-Muller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - LouJin Song
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brianna LaCarubba Paulhus
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evanthia Pashos
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangping Li
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Rinaldi
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Joaquim
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John C Stansfield
- Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 10777 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Robertson
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jincheng Pang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Opsahl
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Magalie Boucher
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Danna Breen
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abdul Sheikh
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bei B Zhang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Li A, Anbuchelvan M, Fathi A, Abu-Zahra M, Evseenko D, Petrigliano FA, Dar A. Distinct human skeletal muscle-derived CD90 progenitor subsets for myo-fibro-adipogenic disease modeling and treatment in multiplexed conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173794. [PMID: 37143896 PMCID: PMC10151706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic muscle injuries, such as massive rotator cuff tears, are associated with progressive muscle wasting, fibrotic scarring, and intramuscular fat accumulation. While progenitor cell subsets are usually studied in culture conditions that drive either myogenic, fibrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation, it is still unknown how combined myo-fibro-adipogenic signals, which are expected to occur in vivo, modulate progenitor differentiation. We therefore evaluated the differentiation potential of retrospectively generated subsets of primary human muscle mesenchymal progenitors in multiplexed conditions in the presence or absence of 423F drug, a modulator of gp130 signaling. We identified a novel CD90+CD56- non-adipogenic progenitor subset that maintained a lack of adipogenic potential in single and multiplexed myo-fibro-adipogenic culture conditions. CD90-CD56- demarcated fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAP) and CD56+CD90+ progenitors were typified as myogenic. These human muscle subsets exhibited varying degrees of intrinsically regulated differentiation in single and mixed induction cultures. Modulation of gp130 signaling via 423F drug mediated muscle progenitor differentiation in a dose-, induction-, and cell subset-dependent manner and markedly decreased fibro-adipogenesis of CD90-CD56- FAP. Conversely, 423F promoted myogenesis of CD56+CD90+ myogenic subset, indicated by increased myotube diameter and number of nuclei per myotube. 423F treatment eliminated FAP-derived mature adipocytes from mixed adipocytes-FAP cultures but did not modify the growth of non-differentiated FAP in these cultures. Collectively, these data demonstrate that capability of myogenic, fibrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation is largely dependent on the intrinsic features of cultured subsets, and that the degree of lineage differentiation varies when signals are multiplexed. Moreover, our tests performed in primary human muscle cultures reveal and confirm the potential triple-therapeutic effects of 423F drug which simultaneously attenuates degenerative fibrosis, fat accumulation and promotes myo-regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Madhavan Anbuchelvan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amir Fathi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Abu-Zahra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank A. Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ayelet Dar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ayelet Dar,
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22
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Xu Z, Wu J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Qiao M, Sun H, Li Z, Li L, Chen N, Oyelami FO, Peng X, Mei S. Integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes affecting intramuscular fat content in pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1016956. [PMID: 36276837 PMCID: PMC9581296 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1016956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is one of the most important economic traits in pig breeding and production, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content is the major factor in improving meat quality. The IMF deposition in pigs is influenced by transcriptional regulation, which is dependent on chromatin accessibility. However, how chromatin accessibility plays a regulatory role in IMF deposition in pigs has not been reported. Xidu black is a composite pig breed with excellent meat quality, which is an ideal research object of this study. In this study, we used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to identify the accessible chromatin regions and key genes affecting IMF content in Xidu black pig breed with extremely high and low IMF content. First, we identified 21,960 differential accessible chromatin peaks and 297 differentially expressed genes. The motif analysis of differential peaks revealed several potential cis-regulatory elements containing binding sites for transcription factors with potential roles in fat deposition, including Mef2c, CEBP, Fra1, and AP-1. Then, by integrating the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis results, we found 47 genes in the extremely high IMF (IMF_H) group compared with the extremely low IMF (IMF_L) group. For these genes, we observed a significant positive correlation between the differential gene expression and differential ATAC-seq signal (r2 = 0.42). This suggests a causative relationship between chromatin remodeling and the resulting gene expression. We identified several candidate genes (PVALB, THRSP, HOXA9, EEPD1, HOXA10, and PDE4B) that might be associated with fat deposition. Through the PPI analysis, we found that PVALB gene was the top hub gene. In addition, some pathways that might regulate fat cell differentiation and lipid metabolism, such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway, were significantly enriched in the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to use ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to examine the mechanism of IMF deposition from a new perspective. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the regulation mechanism of IMF deposition and an important foundation for improving the quality of pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjing Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mu Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianghua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nanqi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xianwen Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Xianwen Peng,
| | - Shuqi Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China,Shuqi Mei,
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23
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Faraldi M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Gomarasca M, Gerosa L, Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Acute changes in free and extracellular vesicle-associated circulating miRNAs and myokine profile in professional sky-runners during the Gran Sasso d’Italia vertical run. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915080. [PMID: 36090046 PMCID: PMC9459384 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of gene expression profile, a first step in adaptation to exercise, leads to changes in the level of molecules associated with skeletal muscle activity and energy metabolism—such as myokines—as well as those involved in their transcriptional regulation, like microRNA. This study aimed to investigate the influence of strenuous exercise on circulating microRNAs and their possible association with myokine response. Pre-competition and post-competition plasma samples were collected from 14 male athletes participating in a vertical run (+1,000 m gain, 3,600 m length). Circulating total (t-miRNA) and extracellular vesicle-associated (EV-miRNA) miRNAs were extracted from the pooled plasma. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to investigate pre- and post-competition EV concentration and size distribution. A panel of 179 miRNAs was assayed by qPCR and analyzed by Exiqon GenEx v6 normalized on the global mean. t-miRNA and EV-miRNAs whose level was ≥5-fold up- or down-regulated were validated for each single subject. Target prediction on MirWalk v3.0, Gene-Ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis on Panther v17.0 were performed to define the potential biological role of the identified miRNAs. A panel of 14 myokines was assayed in each sample by a multiplex immunoassay. In whole plasma, five miRNAs were upregulated and two were downregulated; in the EV fraction, five miRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a similar EV size distribution in pre- and post-competition samples and a decreased concentration in post-competition samples related to pre-competition samples. Gene-Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs were potentially involved in metabolism regulation in response to exercise. Correlation between fold-change of the post-competition relative to pre-competition plasma level of both t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs and myokines further confirmed these results. This study provides an example of a systemic response to acute endurance exercise, in which circulating miRNAs play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Perego,
| | - M. Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Gerosa
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - N. Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Polska
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24
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Zhang X, Wen X, Hu G, Zhang Q, Sun Q, Jia Y, Liu Y, Lin H, Li H. The fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist SSR128129E inhibits fat accumulation via suppressing adipogenesis in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8641-8649. [PMID: 35731366 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AS an allosteric inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), SSR128129E (SSR) extensively inhibits the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Given the metabolic importance of FGFs and the global epidemic of obesity, we explored the effect of SSR on fat metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-week-old male mice were administered intragastrically with SSR (30 mg/kg/day) or PBS for 5 weeks. The effects of SSR on white and brown fat metabolism were investigated by respiratory metabolic monitoring, histological assessment and molecular analysis. Results indicated that SSR administration significantly reduced the body weight gain and the fat content of mice. SSR did not increase, but decreased the thermogenic capability of both brown and white fat. However, SSR markedly suppressed adipogenesis of adipose tissues. Further study demonstrated the involvement of ERK signaling in the action of SSR. CONCLUSIONS SSR may be a promising drug candidate for the prevention of obesity via suppressing adipogenesis. However, the influence of SSR on thermogenesis in humans should be further investigated before its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Geng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qianying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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26
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Mallick A, Xu L, Mehta S, Taylor SKB, Hosein H, Gupta BP. The FGFR4 Homolog KIN-9 Regulates Lifespan and Stress Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:866861. [PMID: 35821842 PMCID: PMC9261393 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.866861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) regulate diverse biological processes in eukaryotes. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a good animal model for studying the roles of FGFR signaling and its mechanism of regulation. In this study, we report that KIN-9 is an FGFR homolog in C. elegans that plays essential roles in aging and stress response maintenance. kin-9 was discovered as a target of miR-246, a microRNA that is positively regulated by the Axin family member pry-1. We found that animals lacking kin-9 function were long-lived and resistant to chemically induced stress. Furthermore, they showed a reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (ER-UPR) pathway genes, suggesting that kin-9 is required to maintain a normal ER-UPR. The analysis of GFP reporter-based expression in transgenic animals revealed that KIN-9 is localized in the intestine. Overall, our findings demonstrate that kin-9 is regulated by miR-246 and may function downstream of pry-1. This study prompts future investigations to understand the mechanism of miRNA-mediated FGFR function in maintaining aging and stress response processes.
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27
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Galindo CL, Nguyen VT, Hill B, Easterday E, Cleator JH, Sawyer DB. Neuregulin (NRG-1β) Is Pro-Myogenic and Anti-Cachectic in Respiratory Muscles of Post-Myocardial Infarcted Swine. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:682. [PMID: 35625411 PMCID: PMC9137990 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) is a growth and differentiation factor with pleiotropic systemic effects. Because NRG-1β has therapeutic potential for heart failure and has known growth effects in skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that it might affect heart failure-associated cachexia, a severe co-morbidity characterized by a loss of muscle mass. We therefore assessed NRG-1β's effect on intercostal skeletal muscle gene expression in a swine model of heart failure using recombinant glial growth factor 2 (USAN-cimaglermin alfa), a version of NRG-1β that has been tested in humans with systolic heart failure. Animals received one of two intravenous doses (0.67 or 2 mg/kg) of NRG-1β bi-weekly for 4 weeks, beginning one week after infarct. Based on paired-end RNA sequencing, NRG-1β treatment altered the intercostal muscle gene expression of 581 transcripts, including genes required for myofiber growth, maintenance and survival, such as MYH3, MYHC, MYL6B, KY and HES1. Importantly, NRG-1β altered the directionality of at least 85 genes associated with cachexia, including myostatin, which negatively regulates myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression. Consistent with this, MyoD was increased in NRG-1β-treated animals. In vitro experiments with myoblast cell lines confirmed that NRG-1β induces ERBB-dependent differentiation. These findings suggest a NRG-1β-mediated anti-atrophic, anti-cachexia effect that may provide additional benefits to this potential therapy in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristi L. Galindo
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - Van Thuan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - Braxton Hill
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - Ethan Easterday
- Department of Biology, Ogden College of Science & Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (V.T.N.); (B.H.); (E.E.)
| | - John H. Cleator
- Centennial Heart at Skyline, 3443 Dickerson Pike, Suite 430, Nashville, TN 37207, USA;
| | - Douglas B. Sawyer
- Department of Cardiac Services, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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28
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Pan C, Yang C, Wang S, Ma Y. Identifying Key Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways of Diverse Adipose Tissue Types in Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:790690. [PMID: 35237299 PMCID: PMC8884536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.790690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fat is a tissue that not just stores energy and plays a protective role; it is also a vital endocrine organ that generates and integrates signals to influence metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue can lead to metabolic disturbance and diseases. To date, the complicated molecular mechanisms of bovine adipose tissue are still unknown. This study aimed to identify key genes and functionally enriched pathways in various adipose tissue types. Results: The RNAseq data of 264 samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We identified 19 modules that significantly associated with at least one adipose tissue type. The brown module from GSE39618 was most closely associated with intramuscular fat tissue, which contained 550 genes. These genes were significantly enriched in pathways that related to inflammation and disease, such as TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. The pink module (GSE39618) that contained 58 genes was most closely associated with omental fat tissue. The turquoise (GSE39618), blue (GSE116775), and yellow (GSE65125) module were most closely associated with subcutaneous fat tissue. Genes in these modules were significantly enriched in pathways related to fat metabolism, such as the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. At last, key genes for intramuscular fat (PTGS2 and IL6), omental fat (ARHGEF5 and WT1), and subcutaneous fat (KIT, QR6Q1, PKD2L1, etc.) were obtained and verified. In addition, it was found that IL10 and VCAM1 might be potential genes to distinguish adipose and muscle. Conclusion: The study applied WGCNA to generate a landscape of adipose tissue and provide a basis for identifying potential pathways and hub genes of different adipose tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Pan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chaoyun Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Ma,
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29
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Mathes S, Fahrner A, Luca E, Krützfeldt J. Growth hormone/IGF-I-dependent signaling restores decreased expression of the myokine SPARC in aged skeletal muscle. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1647-1658. [PMID: 36178526 PMCID: PMC9592655 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle exerts many beneficial effects on the human body including the contraction-dependent secretion of peptides termed myokines. We have recently connected the myokine secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) to the formation of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in skeletal muscle from aged mice and humans. Here, we searched for inducers of SPARC in order to uncover novel treatment approaches for IMAT. Endurance exercise in mice as well as forskolin treatment in vitro only modestly activated SPARC levels. However, through pharmacological treatments in vitro, we identified IGF-I as a potent inducer of SPARC expression in muscle cells, likely through a direct activation of its promoter via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphospate 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling. We employed two different mouse models of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I deficiency to solidify our understanding of the relationship between IGF-I and SPARC in vivo. GH administration robustly increased intramuscular SPARC levels (3.5-fold) in GH releasing hormone receptor-deficient mice and restored low intramuscular SPARC expression in skeletal muscle from aged mice. Intramuscular glycerol injections induced higher levels of adipocyte markers (adiponectin, perilipin) in aged compared to young mice, which was not prevented by GH treatment. Our study provides a roadmap for the study of myokine regulation during aging and demonstrates that the GH/IGF-I axis is critical for SPARC expression in skeletal muscle. Although GH treatment did not prevent IMAT formation in the glycerol model, targeting SPARC by exercise or by activation of IGF-I signaling might offer a novel therapeutic strategy against IMAT formation during aging. KEY MESSAGES : IGF-I regulates the myokine SPARC in muscle cells directly at the promoter level. GH/IGF-I is able to restore the decreased SPARC levels in aged skeletal muscle. The glycerol model induces higher adipocyte markers in aged compared to young muscle. GH treatment does not prevent IMAT formation in the glycerol model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mathes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Fahrner
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edlira Luca
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim HK, Kim CH. Quality Matters as Much as Quantity of Skeletal Muscle: Clinical Implications of Myosteatosis in Cardiometabolic Health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:1161-1174. [PMID: 34986299 PMCID: PMC8743592 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although age-related changes in skeletal muscles are closely associated with decreases in muscle strength and functional decline, their associations with cardiometabolic diseases in the literature are inconsistent. Such inconsistency could be explained by the fact that muscle quality-which is closely associated with fatty infiltration of the muscle (i.e., myosteatosis)-is as important as muscle quantity in cardiometabolic health. However, muscle quality has been less explored compared with muscle mass. Moreover, the standard definition of myosteatosis and its assessment methods have not been established yet. Recently, some techniques using single axial computed tomography (CT) images have been introduced and utilized in many studies, as the mass and quality of abdominal muscles could be measured opportunistically on abdominal CT scans obtained during routine clinical care. Yet, the mechanisms by which myosteatosis affect metabolic and cardiovascular health remain largely unknown. In this review, we explore the recent advances in the assessment of myosteatosis and its changes associated with aging. We also review the recent literature on the clinical implication of myosteatosis by focusing on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges and unanswered questions that need addressing to set myosteatosis as a therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kyu Kim
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Hong-Kyu Kim Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-4802, Fax: +82-2-3010-4917, E-mail:
| | - Chul-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
- Chul-Hee Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14584, Korea Tel: +82-32-621-5155, Fax: +82-32-621-5018, E-mail:
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FGF-2-dependent signaling activated in aged human skeletal muscle promotes intramuscular adipogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021013118. [PMID: 34493647 PMCID: PMC8449320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021013118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged skeletal muscle is markedly affected by fatty muscle infiltration, and strategies to reduce the occurrence of intramuscular adipocytes are urgently needed. Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) not only stimulates muscle growth but also promotes intramuscular adipogenesis. Using multiple screening assays upstream and downstream of microRNA (miR)-29a signaling, we located the secreted protein and adipogenic inhibitor SPARC to an FGF-2 signaling pathway that is conserved between skeletal muscle cells from mice and humans and that is activated in skeletal muscle of aged mice and humans. FGF-2 induces the miR-29a/SPARC axis through transcriptional activation of FRA-1, which binds and activates an evolutionary conserved AP-1 site element proximal in the miR-29a promoter. Genetic deletions in muscle cells and adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of FGF-2 or SPARC in mouse skeletal muscle revealed that this axis regulates differentiation of fibro/adipogenic progenitors in vitro and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation in vivo. Skeletal muscle from human donors aged >75 y versus <55 y showed activation of FGF-2-dependent signaling and increased IMAT. Thus, our data highlights a disparate role of FGF-2 in adult skeletal muscle and reveals a pathway to combat fat accumulation in aged human skeletal muscle.
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