1
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Xiang B, Li Y, Spencer MS, Dai Y, Bai Y, Basov DN, Zhu XY. Optical spin hall effect in exciton-polariton condensates in lead halide perovskite microcavities. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:161104. [PMID: 38661194 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An exciton-polariton condensate is a hybrid light-matter state in the quantum fluid phase. The photonic component endows it with characters of spin, as represented by circular polarization. Spin-polarization can form stochastically for quasi-equilibrium exciton-polariton condensates at parallel momentum vector k|| ∼ 0 from bifurcation or deterministically for propagating condensates at k|| > 0 from the optical spin-Hall effect (OSHE). Here, we report deterministic spin-polarization in exciton-polariton condensates at k|| ∼ 0 in microcavities containing methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) single crystals under non-resonant and linearly polarized excitation. We observe two energetically split condensates with opposite circular polarizations and attribute this observation to the presence of strong birefringence, which introduces a large OSHE at k|| ∼ 0 and pins the condensates in a particular spin state. Such spin-polarized exciton-polariton condensates may serve not only as circularly polarized laser sources but also as effective alternatives to ultracold atom Bose-Einstein condensates in quantum simulators of many-body spin-orbit coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yiliu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M S Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yusong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Dmitri N Basov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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2
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Strandell DP, Zenatti D, Nagpal P, Ghosh A, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Kambhampati P. Hot Excitons Cool in Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals as Fast as CdSe Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1054-1062. [PMID: 38109401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The idea of phonon bottlenecks has long been pursued in nanoscale materials for their application in hot exciton devices, such as photovoltaics. Decades ago, it was shown that there is no quantum phonon bottleneck in strongly confined quantum dots due to their physics of quantum confinement. More recently, it was proposed that there are hot phonon bottlenecks in metal halide perovskites due to their physics. Recent work has called into question these bottlenecks in metal halide perovskites. Here, we compare hot exciton cooling in a range of sizes of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals from weakly to strongly confined. These results are compared to strongly confined CdSe quantum dots of two sizes and degrees of quantum confinement. CdSe is a model system as a ruler for measuring hot exciton cooling being fast, by virtue of its efficient Auger-assisted processes. By virtue of 3 ps time resolution, the hot exciton photoluminescence can now be directly observed, which is the most direct measure of the presence of hot excitons and their lifetimes. The hot exciton photoluminescence decays on nearly the same 2 ps time scale on both the weakly confined perovskite and the larger CdSe quantum dots, much faster than the 10 ps cooling predicted by transient absorption experiments. The smaller CdSe quantum dot has still faster cooling, as expected from quantum size effects. The quantum dots of perovskites show extremely fast hot exciton cooling, decaying faster than detection limits of <1 ps, even faster than the CdSe system, suggesting the efficiency of Auger processes in these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and especially in their quantum dot form. These results across a range of sizes of nanocrystals reveal extremely fast hot exciton cooling at high exciton density, independent of composition, but dependent upon size. Hence these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals seem to cool heavily following quantum dot physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Zenatti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
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3
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Poletayev AD, Hoffmann MC, Dawson JA, Teitelbaum SW, Trigo M, Islam MS, Lindenberg AM. The persistence of memory in ionic conduction probed by nonlinear optics. Nature 2024; 625:691-696. [PMID: 38267678 PMCID: PMC10808053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Predicting practical rates of transport in condensed phases enables the rational design of materials, devices and processes. This is especially critical to developing low-carbon energy technologies such as rechargeable batteries1-3. For ionic conduction, the collective mechanisms4,5, variation of conductivity with timescales6-8 and confinement9,10, and ambiguity in the phononic origin of translation11,12, call for a direct probe of the fundamental steps of ionic diffusion: ion hops. However, such hops are rare-event large-amplitude translations, and are challenging to excite and detect. Here we use single-cycle terahertz pumps to impulsively trigger ionic hopping in battery solid electrolytes. This is visualized by an induced transient birefringence, enabling direct probing of anisotropy in ionic hopping on the picosecond timescale. The relaxation of the transient signal measures the decay of orientational memory, and the production of entropy in diffusion. We extend experimental results using in silico transient birefringence to identify vibrational attempt frequencies for ion hopping. Using nonlinear optical methods, we probe ion transport at its fastest limit, distinguish correlated conduction mechanisms from a true random walk at the atomic scale, and demonstrate the connection between activated transport and the thermodynamics of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Poletayev
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Matthias C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James A Dawson
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Energy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Saiful Islam
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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4
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Liu ZJ, Dahod NS, Paritmongkol W, Brown N, Stollmann A, Lee WS, Chien YC, Dai Z, Nelson KA, Tisdale WA, Rappe AM, Baldini E. Discovery of enhanced lattice dynamics in a single-layered hybrid perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4417. [PMID: 37585532 PMCID: PMC10431705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid perovskites exhibit emergent physical properties and exceptional functional performances, but the coexistence of lattice order and structural disorder severely hinders our understanding of these materials. One unsolved problem regards how the lattice dynamics are affected by the dimensional engineering of the inorganic frameworks and their interaction with the molecular moieties. Here, we address this question by using a combination of spontaneous Raman scattering, terahertz spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. This approach reveals the structural dynamics in and out of equilibrium and provides unexpected observables that differentiate single- and double-layered perovskites. While no distinct vibrational coherence is observed in double-layered perovskites, an off-resonant terahertz pulse can drive a long-lived coherent phonon mode in the single-layered system. This difference highlights the dramatic change in the lattice environment as the dimension is reduced, and the findings pave the way for ultrafast structural engineering and high-speed optical modulators based on layered perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nabeel S. Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niamh Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexia Stollmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Che Chien
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Frenzel M, Cherasse M, Urban JM, Wang F, Xiang B, Nest L, Huber L, Perfetti L, Wolf M, Kampfrath T, Zhu XY, Maehrlein SF. Nonlinear terahertz control of the lead halide perovskite lattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3856. [PMID: 37224256 PMCID: PMC10208573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as an excellent class of semiconductors for next-generation solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Tailoring physical properties by fine-tuning the lattice structures has been explored in these materials by chemical composition or morphology. Nevertheless, its dynamic counterpart, phonon-driven ultrafast material control, as contemporarily harnessed for oxide perovskites, has not yet been established. Here, we use intense THz electric fields to obtain direct lattice control via nonlinear excitation of coherent octahedral twist modes in hybrid CH3NH3PbBr3 and all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites. These Raman-active phonons at 0.9 to 1.3 THz are found to govern the ultrafast THz-induced Kerr effect in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase and thus dominate the phonon-modulated polarizability with potential implications for dynamic charge carrier screening beyond the Fröhlich polaron. Our work opens the door to selective control of LHP's vibrational degrees of freedom governing phase transitions and dynamic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Frenzel
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Cherasse
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
- LSI, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joanna M. Urban
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Leona Nest
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Luca Perfetti
- LSI, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kampfrath
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian F. Maehrlein
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Balos V, Wolf M, Kovalev S, Sajadi M. Optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in quartz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13317-13327. [PMID: 37157471 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the electro-optic sampling (EOS) response and the terahertz (THz) optical rectification (OR) of the z-cut α-quartz. Due to its small effective second-order nonlinearity, large transparency window and hardness, freestanding thin quartz plates can faithfully measure the waveform of intense THz pulses with MV/cm electric-field strength. We show that both its OR and EOS responses are broad with extension up to ∼8 THz. Strikingly, the latter responses are independent of the crystal thickness, a plausible indication of dominant surface contribution to the total second-order nonlinear susceptibility of quartz at THz frequencies. Our study introduces the crystalline quartz as a reliable THz electro-optic medium for high field THz detection, and characterize its emission as a common substrate.
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8
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Phonon-driven intra-exciton Rabi oscillations in CsPbBr 3 halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1047. [PMID: 36828818 PMCID: PMC9958027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling electromagnetic radiation with matter, e.g., by resonant light fields in external optical cavities, is highly promising for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of functional materials on the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that even internal fields induced by coherent lattice motions can be used to control the transient excitonic optical response in CsPbBr3 halide perovskite crystals. Upon resonant photoexcitation, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals an excitonic peak structure oscillating persistently with a 100-fs period for up to ~2 ps which does not match the frequency of any phonon modes of the crystals. Only at later times, beyond 2 ps, two low-frequency phonons of the lead-bromide lattice dominate the dynamics. We rationalize these findings by an unusual exciton-phonon coupling inducing off-resonant 100-fs Rabi oscillations between 1s and 2p excitons driven by the low-frequency phonons. As such, prevailing models for the electron-phonon coupling in halide perovskites are insufficient to explain these results. We propose the coupling of characteristic low-frequency phonon fields to intra-excitonic transitions in halide perovskites as the key to control the anharmonic response of these materials in order to establish new routes for enhancing their optoelectronic properties.
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9
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Cherasse M, Dong J, Trippé-Allard G, Deleporte E, Garrot D, Maehrlein SF, Wolf M, Chen Z, Papalazarou E, Marsi M, Rueff JP, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Perfetti L. Electron Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskites Reveal the Role of Organic Cations on the Screening of Local Charges. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2065-2069. [PMID: 35192357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large tolerance of hybrid perovksites to the trapping of electrons by defects is a key asset in photovoltaic applications. Here, the ionic surface terminations of CH3NH3PbI3 are employed as a testbed to study the effect of electrostatic fields on the dynamics of excited carriers. We characterize the transition across the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase. The observed type II band offset and drift of the excited electrons highlight the important role that organic cations have on the screening of local electrostatic fields. When the orientation of organic cations is frozen in the orthorhombic phase, the positively charged termination induces a massive accumulation of excited electrons at the surface of the sample. Conversely, no electron accumulation is observed in the tetragonal phase. We conclude that the local fields cannot penetrate in the sample when the polarizability of freely moving cations boosts the dielectric constant up to ε = 120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cherasse
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/lRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingwei Dong
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/lRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Garrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, GEMaC, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solidés, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Evangelos Papalazarou
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solidés, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marino Marsi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solidés, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Amina Taleb-Ibrahimi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luca Perfetti
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/lRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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10
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Zhang H, Debroye E, Zheng W, Fu S, Virgilio LD, Kumar P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Highly mobile hot holes in Cs 2AgBiBr 6 double perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj9066. [PMID: 34936431 PMCID: PMC8694595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly mobile hot charge carriers are a prerequisite for efficient hot carrier optoelectronics requiring long-range hot carrier transport. However, hot carriers are typically much less mobile than cold ones because of carrier-phonon scattering. Here, we report enhanced hot carrier mobility in Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite. Following photoexcitation, hot carriers generated with excess energy exhibit boosted mobility, reaching an up to fourfold enhancement compared to cold carriers and a long-range hot carrier transport length beyond 200 nm. By optical pump–infrared push-terahertz probe spectroscopy and frequency-resolved photoconductivity measurements, we provide evidence that the conductivity enhancement originates primarily from hot holes with reduced momentum scattering. We rationalize our observation by considering (quasi-)ballistic transport of thermalized hot holes with energies above an energetic threshold in Cs2AgBiBr6. Our findings render Cs2AgBiBr6 as a fascinating platform for studying the fundamentals of hot carrier transport and its exploitation toward hot carrier–based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucia D. Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Spencer MS, Fu Y, Schlaus AP, Hwang D, Dai Y, Smith MD, Gamelin DR, Zhu XY. Spin-orbit-coupled exciton-polariton condensates in lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7667. [PMID: 34851673 PMCID: PMC8635445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is responsible for a range of spintronic and topological processes in condensed matter. Here, we show photonic analogs of SOCs in exciton-polaritons and their condensates in microcavities composed of birefringent lead halide perovskite single crystals. The presence of crystalline anisotropy coupled with splitting in the optical cavity of the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes gives rise to a non-Abelian gauge field, which can be described by the Rashba-Dresselhaus Hamiltonian near the degenerate points of the two polarization modes. With increasing density, the exciton-polaritons with pseudospin textures undergo phase transitions to competing condensates with orthogonal polarizations. Unlike their pure photonic counterparts, these exciton-polaritons and condensates inherit nonlinearity from their excitonic components and may serve as quantum simulators of many-body SOC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew P. Schlaus
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Doyk Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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12
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Wang F, Huber L, Maehrlein SF, Zhu XY. Optical Anisotropy and Phase Transitions in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5016-5022. [PMID: 34018751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical anisotropy originates from crystalline structures with low symmetry and governs the polarization-dependent light propagation. Optical anisotropy is particularly important to lead halide perovskites that have been under intense investigation for optoelectronic and photonic applications, as this group of materials possesses rich structural phases that deviate from the high-symmetry cubic phase. Here we apply 2D optical Kerr effect spectroscopy to quantify the optical anisotropy in single-crystal methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3). We determine the strong photon energy dependence of optical anisotropy near the band gap and show the dramatic change in optical anisotropy across phase transitions. We correlate the optical anisotropy with the structural anisotropy and demonstrate the tuning of optical anisotropy by alloyed CsxMA1-xPbBr3 perovskite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lucas Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Huber L, Maehrlein SF, Wang F, Liu Y, Zhu XY. The ultrafast Kerr effect in anisotropic and dispersive media. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094202. [PMID: 33685130 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) is widely used to investigate the structural dynamics and interactions of liquids, solutions, and solids by observing their intrinsic nonlinear temporal responses through nearly collinear four-wave mixing. Non-degenerate mixing schemes allow for background free detection and can provide information on the interplay between a material's internal degrees of freedom. Here, we show a source of temporal dynamics in the OKE signal that is not reflective of the internal degrees of freedom but arises from a group index and momentum mismatch. It is observed in two-color experiments on condensed media with sizable spectral dispersion, a common property near an optical resonance. In particular, birefringence in crystalline solids is able to entirely change the character of the OKE signal via the off-diagonal tensor elements of the nonlinear susceptibility. We develop a detailed description of the phase-mismatched ultrafast OKE and show how to extract quantitative information on the spectrally resolved birefringence and group index from time-resolved experiments in one and two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | | | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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