1
|
Pathni A, Wagh K, Rey-Suarez I, Upadhyaya A. Mechanical regulation of lymphocyte activation and function. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs219030. [PMID: 38995113 PMCID: PMC11267459 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing, or how cells sense and respond to the physical environment, is crucial for many aspects of biological function, ranging from cell movement during development to cancer metastasis, the immune response and gene expression driving cell fate determination. Relevant physical stimuli include the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, contractile forces, shear flows in blood vessels, complex topography of the cellular microenvironment and membrane protein mobility. Although mechanosensing has been more widely studied in non-immune cells, it has become increasingly clear that physical cues profoundly affect the signaling function of cells of the immune system. In this Review, we summarize recent studies on mechanical regulation of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes, and explore how the force-generating cytoskeletal machinery might mediate mechanosensing. We discuss general principles governing mechanical regulation of lymphocyte function, spanning from the molecular scale of receptor activation to cellular responses to mechanical stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashli Pathni
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kaustubh Wagh
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Insitute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Microcore, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, DC 111711, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Insitute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogers J, Bajur AT, Salaita K, Spillane KM. Mechanical control of antigen detection and discrimination by T and B cell receptors. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00347-3. [PMID: 38794795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is orchestrated by just two cell types, T cells and B cells. Both cells possess the remarkable ability to recognize virtually any antigen through their respective antigen receptors-the T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR). Despite extensive investigations into the biochemical signaling events triggered by antigen recognition in these cells, our ability to predict or control the outcome of T and B cell activation remains elusive. This challenge is compounded by the sensitivity of T and B cells to the biophysical properties of antigens and the cells presenting them-a phenomenon we are just beginning to understand. Recent insights underscore the central role of mechanical forces in this process, governing the conformation, signaling activity, and spatial organization of TCRs and BCRs within the cell membrane, ultimately eliciting distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, T cells and B cells have been studied independently, with researchers working in parallel to decipher the mechanisms of activation. While these investigations have unveiled many overlaps in how these cell types sense and respond to antigens, notable differences exist. To fully grasp their biology and harness it for therapeutic purposes, these distinctions must be considered. This review compares and contrasts the TCR and BCR, placing emphasis on the role of mechanical force in regulating the activity of both receptors to shape cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhordan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna T Bajur
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Katelyn M Spillane
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeffreys N, Brockman JM, Zhai Y, Ingber DE, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011304. [PMID: 38434676 PMCID: PMC10848667 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapies, including engineered T cell receptor (eTCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies, have shown efficacy in treating a subset of hematologic malignancies, exhibit promise in solid tumors, and have many other potential applications, such as in fibrosis, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine. While immunoengineering has focused on designing biomaterials to present biochemical cues to manipulate T cells ex vivo and in vivo, mechanical cues that regulate their biology have been largely underappreciated. This review highlights the contributions of mechanical force to several receptor-ligand interactions critical to T cell function, with central focus on the TCR-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). We then emphasize the role of mechanical forces in (i) allosteric strengthening of the TCR-pMHC interaction in amplifying ligand discrimination during T cell antigen recognition prior to activation and (ii) T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. We then describe approaches to design eTCRs, CARs, and biomaterials to exploit TCR mechanosensitivity in order to potentiate T cell manufacturing and function in adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunhao Zhai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang-Gonzalez AC, Mallis RJ, Lang MJ, Reinherz EL, Hwang W. Asymmetric framework motion of TCRαβ controls load-dependent peptide discrimination. eLife 2024; 13:e91881. [PMID: 38167271 PMCID: PMC10869138 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is critical for the interaction between an αβ T cell receptor (TCR) and a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule to initiate productive T-cell activation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to examine the A6 TCR bound to HLA-A*02:01 presenting agonist or antagonist peptides under different extensions to simulate the effects of applied load on the complex, elucidating their divergent biological responses. We found that TCR α and β chains move asymmetrically, which impacts the interface with pMHC, in particular the peptide-sensing CDR3 loops. For the wild-type agonist, the complex stabilizes in a load-dependent manner while antagonists destabilize it. Simulations of the Cβ FG-loop deletion, which reduces the catch bond response, and simulations with in silico mutant peptides further support the observed behaviors. The present results highlight the combined role of interdomain motion, fluctuating forces, and interfacial contacts in determining the mechanical response and fine peptide discrimination by a TCR, thereby resolving the conundrum of nearly identical crystal structures of TCRαβ-pMHC agonist and antagonist complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Chang-Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Robert J Mallis
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vantourout P, Eum J, Conde Poole M, Hayday TS, Laing AG, Hussain K, Nuamah R, Kannambath S, Moisan J, Stoop A, Battaglia S, Servattalab R, Hsu J, Bayliffe A, Katragadda M, Hayday AC. Innate TCRβ-chain engagement drives human T cells toward distinct memory-like effector phenotypes with immunotherapeutic potentials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj6174. [PMID: 38055824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Clonotypic αβ T cell responses to cargoes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC), MR1, or CD1 proteins underpin adaptive immunity. Those responses are mostly mediated by complementarity-determining region 3 motifs created by quasi-random T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, with diversity being highest for TCRγδ. Nonetheless, TCRγδ also displays nonclonotypic innate responsiveness following engagement of germline-encoded Vγ-specific residues by butyrophilin (BTN) or BTN-like (BTNL) proteins that uniquely mediate γδ T cell subset selection. We now report that nonclonotypic TCR engagement likewise induces distinct phenotypes in TCRαβ+ cells. Specifically, antibodies to germline-encoded human TCRVβ motifs consistently activated naïve or memory T cells toward core states distinct from those induced by anti-CD3 or superantigens and from others commonly reported. Those states combined selective proliferation and effector function with activation-induced inhibitory receptors and memory differentiation. Thus, nonclonotypic TCRVβ targeting broadens our perspectives on human T cell response modes and might offer ways to induce clinically beneficial phenotypes in defined T cell subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Josephine Eum
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - María Conde Poole
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Thomas S Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Adam G Laing
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Khiyam Hussain
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rosamond Nuamah
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akitsu A, Kobayashi E, Feng Y, Stephens HM, Brazin KN, Masi DJ, Kirpatrick EH, Mallis RJ, Duke-Cohan JS, Booker MA, Cinella V, Feng WW, Holliday EL, Lee JJ, Zienkiewicz KJ, Tolstorukov MY, Hwang W, Lang MJ, Reinherz EL. Parsing digital or analogue TCR performance through piconewton forces. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.568292. [PMID: 38076892 PMCID: PMC10705438 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.568292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize aberrant peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCs) on unhealthy cells, amplifying specificity and sensitivity through physical load placed on the TCR-pMHC bond during immunosurveillance. To understand this mechanobiology, TCRs stimulated by abundantly and sparsely arrayed epitopes (NP 366-374 /D b and PA 224-233 /D b , respectively) following in vivo influenza A virus infection were studied with optical tweezers. While certain NP repertoire CD8 T lymphocytes require many ligands for activation, others are digital, needing just few. Conversely, all PA TCRs perform digitally, exhibiting pronounced bond lifetime increases through sustained, energizing volleys of structural transitioning. Optimal digital performance is superior in vivo, correlating with ERK phosphorylation, CD3 loss, and activation marker upregulation in vitro . Given neoantigen array paucity, digital TCRs are likely critical for immunotherapies. One Sentence Summary Quality of ligand recognition in a T-cell repertoire is revealed through application of physical load on clonal T-cell receptor (TCR)-pMHC bonds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Roy S, Niculcea J, Gould K, Adams EJ, van der Merwe PA, Choudhuri K. Ligand-induced segregation from large cell-surface phosphatases is a critical step in γδ TCR triggering. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554524. [PMID: 37662246 PMCID: PMC10473748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma/delta (γδ) T cells are unconventional adaptive lymphocytes that recognize structurally diverse ligands via somatically-recombined antigen receptors (γδ TCRs). The molecular mechanism by which ligand recognition initiates γδ TCR signaling, a process known as TCR triggering, remains elusive. Unlike αβ TCRs, γδ TCRs are not mechanosensitive, and do not require coreceptors or typical binding-induced conformational changes for triggering. Here, we show that γδ TCR triggering by nonclassical MHC class Ib antigens, a major class of ligands recognized by γδ T cells, requires steric segregation of the large cell-surface phosphatases CD45 and CD148 from engaged TCRs at synaptic close contact zones. Increasing access of these inhibitory phosphatases to sites of TCR engagement, by elongating MHC class Ib ligands or truncating CD45/148 ectodomains, abrogates TCR triggering and T cell activation. Our results identify a critical step in γδ TCR triggering and provide insight into the core triggering mechanism of endogenous and synthetic tyrosine-phosphorylated immunoreceptors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Faust MA, Rasé VJ, Lamb TJ, Evavold BD. What's the Catch? The Significance of Catch Bonds in T Cell Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:333-342. [PMID: 37459191 PMCID: PMC10732538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals in T cell biology has been to investigate how TCR recognition of peptide:MHC (pMHC) determines T cell phenotype and fate. Ag recognition is required to facilitate survival, expansion, and effector function of T cells. Historically, TCR affinity for pMHC has been used as a predictor for T cell fate and responsiveness, but there have now been several examples of nonfunctional high-affinity clones and low-affinity highly functional clones. Recently, more attention has been paid to the TCR being a mechanoreceptor where the key biophysical determinant is TCR bond lifetime under force. As outlined in this review, the fundamental parameters between the TCR and pMHC that control Ag recognition and T cell triggering are affinity, bond lifetime, and the amount of force at which the peak lifetime occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Faust
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Viva J Rasé
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin R, An C, Chen W. Physical-Chemical Regulation of Membrane Receptors Dynamics in Viral Invasion and Immune Defense. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167800. [PMID: 36007627 PMCID: PMC9394170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues dynamically regulate membrane receptors functions to trigger various physiological and pathological processes from viral invasion to immune defense. These cues mainly include various types of dynamic mechanical forces and the spatial confinement of plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanisms of how they couple with biochemical cues in regulating membrane receptors functions still remain mysterious. Here, we review recent advances in methodologies of single-molecule biomechanical techniques and in novel biomechanical regulatory mechanisms of critical ligand recognition of viral and immune receptors including SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, T cell receptor (TCR) and other co-stimulatory immune receptors. Furthermore, we provide our perspectives of the general principle of how force-dependent kinetics determine the dynamic functions of membrane receptors and of biomechanical-mechanism-driven SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody design and TCR engineering for T-cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenyi An
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stephens HM, Kirkpatrick E, Mallis RJ, Reinherz EL, Lang MJ. Characterizing Biophysical Parameters of Single TCR-pMHC Interactions Using Optical Tweezers. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2654:375-392. [PMID: 37106195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
αβ T cells are mechanosensors that leverage bioforces during immune surveillance for highly sensitive and specific antigen discrimination. Single-molecule studies are used to profile the initial TCRαβ-pMHC binding event, and various biophysical parameters can be identified. Isolating purified TCRαβ and pMHC molecules on a coverslip allows for direct measurements of the kinetics and conformational changes in the system and removes cellular components along the load pathway that may interfere with or mask subtle changes. Optical tweezers provide high resolution position and force information that map the bonding profile, including catch bond, and the ability to measure distinct conformational changes driven by forces. The present method describes the single-molecule optical tweezers assay setup, considerations, and execution. This model can be used for various TCR-pMHC pairs or expanded to measure a wide variety of receptor-ligand interactions operative in multiple biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Stephens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Mallis
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Banik D, Hamidinia M, Brzostek J, Wu L, Stephens HM, MacAry PA, Reinherz EL, Gascoigne NRJ, Lang MJ. Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy Reveals Distinctions in Key Biophysical Parameters of αβ T-Cell Receptors Compared with Chimeric Antigen Receptors Directed at the Same Ligand. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7566-7573. [PMID: 34347491 PMCID: PMC9082930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies exploit facile antibody-mediated targeting to elicit useful immune responses in patients. This work directly compares binding profiles of CAR and αβ T-cell receptors (TCR) with single cell and single molecule optical trap measurements against a shared ligand. DNA-tethered measurements of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligand interaction in both CAR and TCR exhibit catch bonds with specific peptide agonist peaking at 25 and 14 pN, respectively. While a conformational transition is regularly seen in TCR-pMHC systems, that of CAR-pMHC systems is dissimilar, being infrequent, of lower magnitude, and irreversible. Slip bonds are observed with CD19-specific CAR T-cells and with a monoclonal antibody mapping to the MHC α2 helix but indifferent to the bound peptide. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CAR-pMHC interface underpins the CAR catch bond response to pMHC ligands in contradistinction to slip bonds for CARs targeting canonical ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Banik
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Maryam Hamidinia
- Translational
Immunology Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Translational
Cancer Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Translational
Immunology Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Translational
Cancer Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Ling Wu
- Translational
Immunology Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Translational
Cancer Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Hannah M. Stephens
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Paul A. MacAry
- Translational
Immunology Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Translational
Cancer Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Ellis L. Reinherz
- Laboratory
of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne
- Translational
Immunology Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Translational
Cancer Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Matthew J. Lang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|