1
|
Liu X, Jiang L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Luan X, Zhan Y, Wang T, Da J, Liu L, Zhang S, Guo Y, Zhang K, Wang Z, Miao N, Xie X, Liu P, Li Y, Jin H, Zhang B. Fam20c regulates the calpain proteolysis system through phosphorylating Calpasatatin to maintain cell homeostasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:417. [PMID: 37370126 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family with sequence similarity 20-member C (FAM20C) kinase, a Golgi casein kinase, which is responsible for phosphorylating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteins within S-x-E/pS motifs, and is fundamentally associated with multiple biological processes to maintain cell proliferation, biomineralization, migration, adhesion, and phosphate homeostasis. In dissecting how FAM20C regulates downstream molecules and potential mechanisms, however, there are multiple target molecules of FAM20C, particularly many phenomena remain elusive, such as changes in cell-autonomous behaviors, incompatibility in genotypes and phenotypes, and others. METHODS Here, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), proteomics, and phosphoproteomics were performed in Fam20c-dificient osteoblasts and to facilitate an integrated analysis and determine the impact of chromatin accessibility, genomic expression, protein alterations, signaling pathway, and post translational modifcations. RESULTS By combining ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, we identified TCF4 and Wnt signaling pathway as the key regulators in Fam20c-dificient cells. Further, we showed Calpastatin/Calpain proteolysis system as a novel target axis for FAM20C to regulate cell migration and F-actin cytoskeleton by integrated analysis of proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Furthermore, Calpastatin/Calpain proteolysis system could negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These observations implied that Fam20c knockout osteoblasts would cause cell homeostatic imbalance, involving changes in multiple signaling pathways in the conduction system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Stomatology and Dental Hygiene, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinrui Luan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Da
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyao Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Nan Miao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frankowska N, Lisowska K, Witkowski JM. Proteolysis dysfunction in the process of aging and age-related diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:927630. [PMID: 35958270 PMCID: PMC9361021 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.927630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss in detail the most relevant proteolytic systems that together with chaperones contribute to creating the proteostasis network that is kept in dynamic balance to maintain overall functionality of cellular proteomes. Data accumulated over decades demonstrate that the effectiveness of elements of the proteostasis network declines with age. In this scenario, failure to degrade misfolded or faulty proteins increases the risk of protein aggregation, chronic inflammation, and the development of age-related diseases. This is especially important in the context of aging-related modification of functions of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frankowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lisowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamidi R, Ataei F, Hosseinkhani S. Inhibition of noncaspase proteases, calpain and proteasome, via ALLN and Bortezomib contributes to cell death through low degradation of pro-/anti-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis induction. Med Oncol 2022; 39:125. [PMID: 35716322 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction at any regulatory point along the apoptotic signaling pathway is closely related to many diseases including cancers. The apoptotic protein expression level is an important cause of cancer-related death, and the correct degradation of apoptotic proteins is involved in tumor development. Therefore, understanding of a regulatory point that underlying cancer-related death may help the development of new strategies to overcome the clinical challenges. Here, proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib and calpain inhibitor ALLN were examined on protein levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, XIAP, and E3-ligase PARC in HEK293T cells overexpressing XIAP and caspase-9. ATP depletion and caspase-3 activation were as a consequence of Bortezomib and ALLN function. Higher numbers of PI-stained cells provided evidence of cell death by both inhibitors. Western blotting analysis showed that both ALLN and Bortezomib equally inhibited degradation of XIAP, but only ALLN was effective at inhibiting caspase proteolytic degradation. Moreover, treatment of cells with both types of inhibitors significantly increased the level of E3-ligase PARC. Our findings showed that inhibition of proteasome and calpains enhanced the level of anti-apoptotic, XIAP and PARC, and pro-apoptotic, caspase-9 and 3 proteins, which totally promote cell death significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghaye Hamidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farangis Ataei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Targeted inhibition of endothelial calpain delays wound healing by reducing inflammation and angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32665543 PMCID: PMC7360547 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multistep phenomenon that relies on complex interactions between various cell types. Calpains are a well-known family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate several processes, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. CAPNS1, the common regulatory subunit of Calpain-1 and 2, is indispensable for catalytic subunit stabilization and activity. Calpain inhibition has been shown to reduce organ damage in various disease models. Here, we report that endothelial calpain-1/2 is crucially involved in skin wound healing. Using a mouse genetic model where Capns1 is deleted only in endothelial cells, we showed that calpain-1/2 disruption is associated with reduced injury-activated inflammation, reduced CD31+ blood vessel density, and delayed wound healing. Moreover, in cultured HUVECs, inhibition of calpain reduced TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Deletion of Capns1 was associated with elevated levels of IκB and downregulation of β-catenin expression in endothelial cells. These observations delineate a novel mechanistic role for calpain in the crosstalk between inflammation and angiogenesis during skin repair.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kornspan JD, Kosower NS, Vaisid T, Katzhandler J, Rottem S. Novel synthetic lipopeptides derived from Mycoplasma hyorhinis upregulate calpastatin in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and induce a neuroprotective effect against amyloid-β-peptide toxicity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5824629. [PMID: 32329786 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that contamination of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by Mycoplasma hyorhinis strains NDMh and MCLD leads to increased levels of calpastatin (the endogenous, specific inhibitor of the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain), resulting in inhibition of calpain activation. We have found that the increased calpastatin level is promoted by the lipoprotein fraction (MhLpp) of the mycoplasmal membrane. Here, we present MhLpp-based novel synthetic lipopeptides that induce upregulation of calpastatin in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, leading to protection of the treated cells against Ca2+/amyloid-β-peptide toxicity. These lipopeptides present a new class of promising agents against calpain-induced cell toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kornspan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nechama S Kosower
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tali Vaisid
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Shlomo Rottem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bellefeuille SD, Molle CM, Gendron FP. Reviewing the role of P2Y receptors in specific gastrointestinal cancers. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:451-463. [PMID: 31478181 PMCID: PMC6923304 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are important intercellular signaling molecules that were found enriched in the tumor microenvironment. In fact, interfering with G protein-coupled P2Y receptor signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative to treat aggressive and difficult-to-manage cancers such as those affecting the gastrointestinal system. In this review, we will discuss the functions of P2Y receptors in gastrointestinal cancers with an emphasis on colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancers. We will show that P2Y2 receptor up-regulation increases cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, and metastasis in almost all studied gastrointestinal cancers. In contrast, we will present P2Y6 receptor as having opposing roles in colorectal cancer vs. gastric cancer. In colorectal cancer, the P2Y6 receptor induces carcinogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis, whereas P2Y6 suppresses gastric cancer tumor growth by reducing β-catenin transcriptional activity. The contribution of the P2Y11 receptor in the migration of liver and pancreatic cancer cells will be compared to its normal inhibitory function on this cellular process in ciliated cholangiocytes. Hence, we will demonstrate that the selective inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor activity in platelets was associated to a reduction in the risk of developing colorectal cancer and metastasis formation. We will succinctly review the role of P2Y1, P2Y4, P2Y13, and P2Y14 receptors as the knowledge for these receptors in gastrointestinal cancers is sparse. Finally, redundant ligand selectivity, nucleotide high lability, cell context, and antibody reliability will be presented as the main difficulties in defining P2Y receptor functions in gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Dagenais Bellefeuille
- Département d’anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8 Canada
| | - Caroline M. Molle
- Département d’anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8 Canada
| | - Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Département d’anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teng X, Ji C, Zhong H, Zheng D, Ni R, Hill DJ, Xiong S, Fan GC, Greer PA, Shen Z, Peng T. Selective deletion of endothelial cell calpain in mice reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving angiogenesis. Diabetologia 2019; 62:860-872. [PMID: 30778623 PMCID: PMC6702672 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of non-cardiomyocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been fully addressed. This study investigated whether endothelial cell calpain plays a role in myocardial endothelial injury and microvascular rarefaction in diabetes, thereby contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Endothelial cell-specific Capns1-knockout (KO) mice were generated. Conditions mimicking prediabetes and type 1 and type 2 diabetes were induced in these KO mice and their wild-type littermates. Myocardial function and coronary flow reserve were assessed by echocardiography. Histological analyses were performed to determine capillary density, cardiomyocyte size and fibrosis in the heart. Isolated aortas were assayed for neovascularisation. Cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells were stimulated with high palmitate. Angiogenesis and apoptosis were analysed. RESULTS Endothelial cell-specific deletion of Capns1 disrupted calpain 1 and calpain 2 in endothelial cells, reduced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, and alleviated myocardial dysfunction in mouse models of diabetes without significantly affecting systemic metabolic variables. These protective effects of calpain disruption in endothelial cells were associated with an increase in myocardial capillary density (wild-type vs Capns1-KO 3646.14 ± 423.51 vs 4708.7 ± 417.93 capillary number/high-power field in prediabetes, 2999.36 ± 854.77 vs 4579.22 ± 672.56 capillary number/high-power field in type 2 diabetes and 2364.87 ± 249.57 vs 3014.63 ± 215.46 capillary number/high-power field in type 1 diabetes) and coronary flow reserve. Ex vivo analysis of neovascularisation revealed more endothelial cell sprouts from aortic rings of prediabetic and diabetic Capns1-KO mice compared with their wild-type littermates. In cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, inhibition of calpain improved angiogenesis and prevented apoptosis under metabolic stress. Mechanistically, deletion of Capns1 elevated the protein levels of β-catenin in endothelial cells of Capns1-KO mice and constitutive activity of calpain 2 suppressed β-catenin protein expression in cultured endothelial cells. Upregulation of β-catenin promoted angiogenesis and inhibited apoptosis whereas knockdown of β-catenin offset the protective effects of calpain inhibition in endothelial cells under metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results delineate a primary role of calpain in inducing cardiac endothelial cell injury and impairing neovascularisation via suppression of β-catenin, thereby promoting diabetic cardiomyopathy, and indicate that calpain is a promising therapeutic target to prevent diabetic cardiac complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Teng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chen Ji
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiting Zhong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rui Ni
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Randriamboavonjy V, Kyselova A, Fleming I. Redox Regulation of Calpains: Consequences on Vascular Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1011-1026. [PMID: 30266074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calpains (CAPNs) are a family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. The ubiquitous isoforms CAPN1 and CAPN2 have been involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity, but uncontrolled CAPN activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Recent Advances: It is well accepted that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with the development of vascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that ROS can also affect the CAPN activity, suggesting CAPN as a potential link between oxidative stress and vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The physiopathological relevance of ROS in regulating the CAPN activity is not fully understood but seems to involve direct effects on CAPNs, redox modifications of CAPN substrates, as well as indirect effect on CAPNs via changes in Ca2+ levels. Finally, CAPNs can also stimulate ROS production; however, data showing in which context ROS are the causes or the consequences of CAPN activation are missing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the different members of the CAPN system by specific ROS would help understanding the pathophysiological role of CAPN in the modulation of the vascular function. Moreover, given that CAPNs have been found in different cellular compartments such as mitochondria and nucleus as well as in the extracellular space, identification of new CAPN targets as well as their functional consequences would add new insights in the function of these enigmatic proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kyselova
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Banu A, Liu KJ, Lax AJ, Grigoriadis AE. G-Alpha Subunit Abundance and Activity Differentially Regulate β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00422-18. [PMID: 30559307 PMCID: PMC6379582 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00422-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are signal transduction proteins involved in regulating numerous signaling events. In particular, previous studies have demonstrated a role for G-proteins in regulating β-catenin signaling. However, the link between G-proteins and β-catenin signaling is controversial and appears to depend on G-protein specificity. We describe a detailed analysis of a link between specific G-alpha subunits and β-catenin using G-alpha subunit genetic knockout and knockdown approaches. The Pasteurella multocida toxin was utilized as a unique tool to activate G-proteins, with LiCl treatment serving as a β-catenin signaling agonist. The results show that Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) significantly enhanced LiCl-induced active β-catenin levels in HEK293T cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts. Evaluation of the effect of specific G-alpha proteins on the regulation of β-catenin showed that Gq/11 and G12/13 knockout cells had significantly higher levels of active and total β-catenin than wild-type cells. The stimulation of active β-catenin by PMT and LiCl was lost upon both constitutive and transient knockdown of G12 and G13 but not Gq Based on our results, we conclude that endogenous G-alpha proteins are negative regulators of active β-catenin; however, PMT-activated G-alpha subunits positively regulate LiCl-induced β-catenin expression in a G12/13-dependent manner. Hence, G-alpha subunit regulation of β-catenin is context dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshiya Banu
- Department of Microbiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Lax
- Department of Microbiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agamemnon E Grigoriadis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jang JW, Kim MK, Bae SC. Reciprocal regulation of YAP/TAZ by the Hippo pathway and the Small GTPase pathway. Small GTPases 2018; 11:280-288. [PMID: 29457552 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1435986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) (YAP/TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators that regulate genes involved in proliferation and transformation by interacting with DNA-binding transcription factors. Remarkably, YAP/TAZ are essential for cancer initiation or growth of most solid tumors. Their activation induces cancer stem cell attributes, proliferation, and metastasis. The oncogenic activity of YAP/TAZ is inhibited by the Hippo cascade, an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is governed by two kinases, mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1/2 (MST1/2) and Large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2), corresponding to Drosophila's Hippo (Hpo) and Warts (Wts), respectively. One of the most influential aspects of YAP/TAZ biology is that these factors are transducers of cell structural features, including polarity, shape, and cytoskeletal organization. In turn, these features are intimately related to the cell's ability to attach to other cells and to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), and are also influenced by the cell's microenvironment. Thus, YAP/TAZ respond to changes that occur at the level of whole tissues. Notably, small GTPases act as master organizers of the actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies provided convincing genetic evidence that small GTPase signaling pathways activate YAP/TAZ, while the Hippo pathway inhibits them. Biochemical studies showed that small GTPases facilitate the YAP-Tea domain transcription factor (TEAD) interaction by inhibiting YAP phosphorylation in response to serum stimulation, while the Hippo pathway facilitates the YAP-RUNX3 interaction by increasing YAP phosphorylation. Therefore, small GTPase pathways activate YAP/TAZ by switching its DNA-binding transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the Hippo pathway and small GTPase pathways in the regulation of YAP/TAZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie R, Xu J, Xiao Y, Wu J, Wan H, Tang B, Liu J, Fan Y, Wang S, Wu Y, Dong TX, Zhu MX, Carethers JM, Dong H, Yang S. Calcium Promotes Human Gastric Cancer via a Novel Coupling of Calcium-Sensing Receptor and TRPV4 Channel. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6499-6512. [PMID: 28951460 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary calcium intake has long been recommended for disease prevention, the influence of calcium in development of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract has not been explored. Here, we assess the roles of calcium and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in gastric cancer development. CaSR expression was enhanced in gastric cancer specimens, which positively correlated with serum calcium concentrations, tumor progression, poor survival, and male gender in gastric cancer patients. CaSR and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) were colocalized in gastric cancer cells, and CaSR activation evoked TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ entry. Both CaSR and TRPV4 were involved in Ca2+-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through a Ca2+/AKT/β-catenin relay, which occurred only in gastric cancer cells or normal cells overexpressing CaSR. Tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer depended on CaSR in nude mice. Overall, our findings indicate that calcium may enhance expression and function of CaSR to potentially promote gastric cancer, and that targeting the novel CaSR/TRPV4/Ca2+ pathway might serve as preventive or therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6499-512. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jilin Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tobias Xiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John M Carethers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-proliferative Effects of Nucleotides on Gastric Cancer via a Novel P2Y6/SOCE/Ca 2+/β-catenin Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2459. [PMID: 28550303 PMCID: PMC5446419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although purinegic signaling is important in regulating gastric physiological functions, it is currently unknown for its role in gastric cancer (GC). We demonstrate for the first time that the expression of P2Y6 receptors was markedly down-regulated in human GC cells and primary GC tissues compared to normal tissues, while the expression of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors was up-regulated in GC cells. Moreover, the expression levels of P2Y6 receptors in GC tissues were correlated to tumor size, differentiation, metastasis to lymph nodes, and the survival rate of the patients with GC. Ncleotides activated P2Y6 receptors to raise cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in GC cells through store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and then mediated Ca2+-dependent inhibition of β-catenin and proliferation, eventually leading to GC suppression. Furthermore, UTP particularly blocked the G1/S transition of GC cells but did not induce apoptosis. Collectively, we conclude that nucleotides activate P2Y6 receptors to suppress GC growth through a novel SOCE/Ca2+/β-catenin-mediated anti-proliferation of GC cells, which is different from the canonical SOCE/Ca2+-induced apoptosis in other tumors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dela Cruz A, Grynpas MD, Mitchell J. Overexpression of Gα11 in Osteoblast Lineage Cells Suppresses the Osteoanabolic Response to Intermittent PTH and Exercise. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:423-34. [PMID: 27300035 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment and mechanical loading are osteoanabolic stimuli that are partially mediated through actions on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCR signaling can be altered by heterotrimeric G protein Gα subunits levels, which can therefore lead to altered responses to such stimuli. Previous studies have suggested that enhanced signaling through the Gαq/11 pathway inhibits the osteoanabolic actions of PTH. The influence of Gαq/11 signaling on mechanotransduction, however, has not been reported in vivo. Using transgenic mice that specifically overexpress Gα11 in osteoblast lineage cells (G11-Tg mice), we investigated the skeletal effects of elevated Gα11 levels on iPTH and mechanical loading by treadmill exercise. Both regimens increased trabecular and cortical bone in Wild-Type (WT) mice as a result of increased bone formation. In G11-Tg mice, there was no change in trabecular or cortical bone and no increase in bone formation in response to iPTH or exercise. While exercise reduced osteoclast parameters in WT mice, these changes were diminished in G11-Tg mice as expression of M-csf and Trap remained increased. Collectively, our results suggest that osteoblastic upregulation of Gα11 is inhibitory to osteoanabolic actions of both PTH and exercise, and that its suppression may be a promising target for treating bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Dela Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc D Grynpas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 4342, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen Y, Zuo S, Wang Y, Shi H, Yan S, Chen D, Xiao B, Zhang J, Gong Y, Shi M, Tang J, Kong D, Lu L, Yu Y, Zhou B, Duan SZ, Schneider C, Funk CD, Yu Y. Thromboxane Governs the Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Toward Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Circ Res 2016; 118:1194-207. [PMID: 26957525 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) offer great promise as angiogenic cell therapy for ischemic diseases. Because of their limited self-renewal capacity and pluripotentiality, the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs is still relatively low. Thromboxane has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. However, little is known about the effects of thromboxane on ASC-mediated angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP) in mediating the angiogenic capacity of ASCs in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS ASCs were prepared from mouse epididymal fat pads and induced to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) by vascular endothelial growth factor. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression, thromboxane production, and TP expression were upregulated in ASCs on vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TP in mouse or human ASCs accelerated EC differentiation and increased tube formation in vitro, enhanced angiogenesis in in vivo Matrigel plugs and ischemic mouse hindlimbs. TP deficiency resulted in a significant cellular accumulation of β-catenin by suppression of calpain-mediated degradation in ASCs. Knockdown of β-catenin completely abrogated the enhanced EC differentiation of TP-deficient ASCs, whereas inhibition of calpain reversed the suppressed angiogenic capacity of TP re-expressed ASCs. Moreover, TP was coupled with Gαq to induce calpain-mediated suppression of β-catenin signaling through calcium influx in ASCs. CONCLUSION Thromboxane restrained EC differentiation of ASCs through TP-mediated repression of the calpain-dependent β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate that TP inhibition could be a promising strategy for therapy utilizing ASCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Shen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Hongfei Shi
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Shuai Yan
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Di Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Bing Xiao
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yanjun Gong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Maohua Shi
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Juan Tang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Deping Kong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Luheng Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yu Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Claudio Schneider
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Colin D Funk
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Ying Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.).
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zang S, Liu N, Wang H, Wald DN, Shao N, Zhang J, Ma D, Ji C, Tse W. Wnt signaling is involved in 6-benzylthioinosine-induced AML cell differentiation. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:886. [PMID: 25428027 PMCID: PMC4289047 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that 6-benzylthioinosine (6-BT) could induce the differentiation of a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML cells regardless of their cytogenetics. In this study we investigated whether Wnt signaling pathways played roles in 6-BT-induced differentiation of AML cells. Methods We induced differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells and primary AML cells in vitro using 6-BT. Real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot, and luciferase assays were used to examine the molecules’ expression and biological activity in canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. AML cell differentiation was measured by the Nitroblue tetrozolium (NBT) reduction assay. Results 6-BT regulated the expression of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling molecules in HL-60 cells. Both 6-BT and all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) reduced canonical Wnt signaling and activated noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in HL-60 cells. Pre-treatment of HL-60 cells with an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which activated canonical Wnt signaling, partly abolished the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by 6-BT. Pre-treatment of HL-60 cells with an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), resulting in inactivation of non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling, abolished 6-BT-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Several molecules in the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway were detected in bone marrow samples from AML patients, and the expression of FZD4, FZD5, Wnt5a and RHOU were significantly reduced in newly diagnosed AML samples compared with normal controls. Conclusions Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling were involved in 6-BT-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, and played opposite roles in this process. Wnt signaling could be involved in the pathogenesis of AML not only by regulating self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, but also by playing a role in the differentiation of AML cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-886) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P,R, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Konze SA, van Diepen L, Schröder A, Olmer R, Möller H, Pich A, Weißmann R, Kuss AW, Zweigerdt R, Buettner FFR. Cleavage of E-cadherin and β-catenin by calpain affects Wnt signaling and spheroid formation in suspension cultures of human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:990-1007. [PMID: 24482122 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.033423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The envisioned clinical and industrial use of human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives has given major momentum to the establishment of suspension culture protocols that enable the mass production of cells. Understanding molecular changes accompanying the transfer from adherent to suspension culture is of utmost importance because this information can have a direct effect on the development of optimized culture conditions. In this study we assessed the gene expression of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells grown in surface-adherent culture (two-dimensional) versus free-floating suspension culture spheroids (three-dimensional). We combined a quantitative proteomic approach based on stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture with deep-sequencing-based transcriptomics. Cells in three-dimensional culture showed reduced expression of proteins forming structural components of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions. However, fully unexpected, we found up-regulation of secreted inhibitors of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and, concomitantly, a reduction in the level of active β-catenin and in the expression of Wnt target genes. In Western blot analyses the cysteine protease calpain was shown to cleave E-cadherin and β-catenin under three-dimensional culture conditions. Our data allowed the development of a model in which calpain cleavage of E-cadherin induces the disintegration of focal cell contacts and generates a 100-kDa E-cadherin fragment required for the formation of three-dimensional cell-cell contacts in spheroids. The parallel release of β-catenin and its potential activation by calpain cleavage are counterbalanced by the overexpression of soluble Wnt pathway inhibitors. According to this model, calpain has a key function in the interplay between E-cadherin and β-catenin-mediated intercellular adhesion and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Supporting this model, we show that pharmacological modulation of calpain activity prevents spheroid formation and causes disassembly of preexisting spheroids into single cells, thereby providing novel strategies for improving suspension culture conditions for human pluripotent stem cells in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Konze
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comprehensive analysis of β-catenin target genes in colorectal carcinoma cell lines with deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:74. [PMID: 24467841 PMCID: PMC3909937 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of the majority of sporadic forms of colorectal cancer and results in increased stability of the protein β-catenin. β-catenin is then shuttled into the nucleus where it activates the transcription of its target genes, including the proto-oncogenes MYC and CCND1 as well as the genes encoding the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins ASCL2 and ITF-2B. To identify genes commonly regulated by β-catenin in colorectal cancer cell lines, we analyzed β-catenin target gene expression in two non-isogenic cell lines, DLD1 and SW480, using DNA microarrays and compared these genes to β-catenin target genes published in the PubMed database and DNA microarray data presented in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results Treatment of DLD1 and SW480 cells with β-catenin siRNA resulted in differential expression of 1501 and 2389 genes, respectively. 335 of these genes were regulated in the same direction in both cell lines. Comparison of these data with published β-catenin target genes for the colon carcinoma cell line LS174T revealed 193 genes that are regulated similarly in all three cell lines. The overlapping gene set includes confirmed β-catenin target genes like AXIN2, MYC, and ASCL2. We also identified 11 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that are regulated similarly in DLD1 and SW480 cells and one pathway – the steroid biosynthesis pathway – was regulated in all three cell lines. Conclusions Based on the large number of potential β-catenin target genes found to be similarly regulated in DLD1, SW480 and LS174T cells as well as the large overlap with confirmed β-catenin target genes, we conclude that DLD1 and SW480 colon carcinoma cell lines are suitable model systems to study Wnt/β-catenin signaling and associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the confirmed and the newly identified potential β-catenin target genes are useful starting points for further studies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Flentke GR, Garic A, Hernandez M, Smith SM. CaMKII represses transcriptionally active β-catenin to mediate acute ethanol neurodegeneration and can phosphorylate β-catenin. J Neurochem 2013; 128:523-35. [PMID: 24117889 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure causes persistent neurodevelopmental deficits by inducing apoptosis within neuronal progenitors including the neural crest. The cellular signaling events underlying this apoptosis are unclear. Using an established chick embryo model, we previously identified ethanol's activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) as a crucial early step in this pathway. Here, we report that CaMKII is pro-apoptotic because it mediates the loss of transcriptionally active β-catenin, which normally provides trophic support to these cells. β-catenin over-expression normalized cell survival in ethanol's presence. CaMKII inhibition similarly restored β-catenin content and transcriptional activity within ethanol-treated cells and prevented their cell death. In contrast, inhibition of alternative effectors known to destabilize β-catenin, including glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Protein Kinase C, JNK, and calpain, failed to normalize cell survival and β-catenin activity in ethanol's presence. Importantly, we found that purified CaMKII can directly phosphorylate β-catenin. Using targeted mutagenesis we identified CaMKII phosphorylation sites within human β-catenin at T332, T472, and S552. This is the first demonstration that β-catenin is a phosphorylation target of CaMKII and represents a novel mechanism by which calcium signals could regulate β-catenin-dependent transcription. These results inform ethanol's neurotoxicity and offer unexpected insights into other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders having dysregulated calcium or β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George R Flentke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bali KK, Venkataramani V, Satagopam VP, Gupta P, Schneider R, Kuner R. Transcriptional mechanisms underlying sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons by granulocyte-/granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors. Mol Pain 2013; 9:48. [PMID: 24067145 PMCID: PMC3852053 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated pain is a major cause of poor quality of life in cancer patients and is frequently resistant to conventional therapy. Recent studies indicate that some hematopoietic growth factors, namely granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), are abundantly released in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in regulating tumor-nerve interactions and tumor-associated pain by activating receptors on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Moreover, these hematopoietic factors have been highly implicated in postsurgical pain, inflammatory pain and osteoarthritic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms via which G-/GMCSF bring about nociceptive sensitization and elicit pain are not known. RESULTS In order to elucidate G-/GMCSF mediated transcriptional changes in the sensory neurons, we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of changes in the transcriptome of DRG neurons brought about by exposure to GMCSF or GCSF. We present complete information on regulated genes and validated profiling analyses and report novel regulatory networks and interaction maps revealed by detailed bioinformatics analyses. Amongst these, we validate calpain 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and a RhoGTPase Rac1 as well as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) as transcriptional targets of G-/GMCSF and demonstrate the importance of MMP9 and Rac1 in GMCSF-induced nociceptor sensitization. CONCLUSION With integrative approach of bioinformatics, in vivo pharmacology and behavioral analyses, our results not only indicate that transcriptional control by G-/GMCSF signaling regulates a variety of established pain modulators, but also uncover a large number of novel targets, paving the way for translational analyses in the context of pain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Bali
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Venkata P Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse. 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse. 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tiwari A, Schneider M, Fiorino A, Haider R, Okoniewski MJ, Roschitzki B, Uzozie A, Menigatti M, Jiricny J, Marra G. Early insights into the function of KIAA1199, a markedly overexpressed protein in human colorectal tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69473. [PMID: 23936024 PMCID: PMC3720655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the expression of KIAA1199 in human colorectal tumors (benign and malignant) is markedly higher than that in the normal colonic mucosa. In this study, we investigated the functions of the protein encoded by this gene, which are thus far unknown. Immunostaining studies were used to reveal its subcellular localization, and proteomic and gene expression experiments were conducted to identify proteins that might interact with KIAA1199 and molecular pathways in which it might play roles. Using colon cancer cell lines, we showed that both endogenous and ectopically expressed KIAA1199 is secreted into the extracellular environment. In the cells, it was found mainly in the perinuclear space (probably the ER) and cell membrane. Both cellular compartments were also over-represented in lists of proteins identified by mass spectrometry as putative KIAA1199 interactors and/or proteins encoded by genes whose transcription was significantly changed by KIAA1199 expression. These proteomic and transcriptomic datasets concordantly link KIAA1199 to several genes/proteins and molecular pathways, including ER processes like protein binding, transport, and folding; and Ca2+, G-protein, ephrin, and Wnt signaling. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed KIAA1199’s interaction with the cell-membrane receptor ephrin A2 and with the ER receptor ITPR3, a key player in Ca2+ signaling. By modulating Ca2+ signaling, KIAA1199 could affect different branches of the Wnt network. Our findings suggest it may negatively regulate the Wnt/CTNNB1 signaling, and its expression is associated with decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Fiorino
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Ritva Haider
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal J. Okoniewski
- Functional Genomics Center of the ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center of the ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anuli Uzozie
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Menigatti
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Jiricny
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fontenele M, Lim B, Oliveira D, Buffolo M, Perlman DH, Schupbach T, Araujo H. Calpain A modulates Toll responses by limited Cactus/IκB proteolysis. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2966-80. [PMID: 23864715 PMCID: PMC3771957 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-02-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent cysteine proteases of the calpain family are modulatory proteases that cleave their substrates in a limited manner. Among their substrates, calpains target vertebrate and invertebrate IκB proteins. Because proteolysis by calpains potentially generates novel protein functions, it is important to understand how this affects NFκB activity. We investigate the action of Calpain A (CalpA) on the Drosophila melanogaster IκB homologue Cactus in vivo. CalpA alters the absolute amounts of Cactus protein. Our data indicate, however, that CalpA uses additional mechanisms to regulate NFκB function. We provide evidence that CalpA interacts physically with Cactus, recognizing a Cactus pool that is not bound to Dorsal, a fly NFκB/Rel homologue. We show that proteolytic cleavage by CalpA generates Cactus fragments lacking an N-terminal region required for Toll responsiveness. These fragments are generated in vivo and display properties distinct from those of full-length Cactus. We propose that CalpA targets free Cactus, which is incorporated into and modulates Toll-responsive complexes in the embryo and immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Fontenele
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Princeton Collaborative Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Center, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Regulation of β-catenin stabilization in human platelets. Biochimie 2013; 95:1252-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
23
|
Ignacio Arias J, Sepulveda C, Bravo P, Hamilton-West C, Maldonado I, Ferreira A. Comparative effect of human andTrypanosoma cruzicalreticulin in wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:41-54. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ignacio Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Caroll Sepulveda
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Patricia Bravo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | | | - Ismael Maldonado
- Immunology Disciplinary Programme, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Immunology Disciplinary Programme, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li S, Ghaleb AM, He J, Bughani U, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, Joshi HC. Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis by bromo-noscapine (EM011) in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1435-44. [PMID: 22052467 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutation of the tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with nearly 100% risk for colon cancer at an early age. Although FAP is involved in only 1% of all colon cancer cases, over 80% of sporadic cancers harbor somatic mutations of APC. We show here that bromo-noscapine (EM011), a rationally designed synthetic derivative of a natural nontoxic tubulin-binding alkaloid-noscapine, that reduces the dynamics of microtubules, causes a reversible G(2) /M arrest in wild type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but an aberrant exit from a brief mitotic block, followed by apoptosis in MEFs after APC deletion with small interfering RNA. Furthermore, both β-catenin levels and activity fell to half the original levels with a concomitant reduction of cell proliferation-inducing cyclin D1, c-Myc, and induction of cytostatic protein p21 before caspase-3 activation. Additionally, we show a statistically significant reduction in the number of newly emerging intestinal polyps (to 35% compared with untreated mice) as well as the mean size of polyps (to 42% compared with untreated mice) in EM011-treated Apc(Min/+) mice as compared to their sham-treated control littermates. The remaining polyps in the EM011 treated group of Apc(Min/+) mice showed evidence of elevated apoptosis as revealed by immunohistochemistry. We failed to detect any evidence of histopathological and hematological toxicities following EM011 treatment. Taken together, our data are persuasive that a clinical trial of EM011 is possible for the prevention/amelioration of polyposis in FAP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lax A. The Pasteurella multocida toxin: a new paradigm for the link between bacterial infection and cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361:131-44. [PMID: 22695919 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The concept that bacterial infection could cause cancer has only recently become accepted because of the strong epidemiological and molecular evidence for a major carcinogenic role played by Helicobacter pylori. However, information on other potential bacterial carcinogens is very limited and thereby unconvincing. A different approach is to assess bacteria for potentially pro-carcinogenic properties. The Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) has many properties that mark it out as a potential carcinogen. PMT is a highly potent mitogen and has been demonstrated to block apoptosis. PMT modifies and activates members of three of the four families of heterotrimeric G-proteins, all of which have potential roles in carcinogenesis. Many signalling components downstream of these G-proteins are known proto-oncogenes and have been shown to be activated by PMT. These include, amongst others, the Rho GTPase, focal adhesion kinase, cyclooxygenase-2, β-catenin signalling and calcium signalling. PMT action potentially influences many of the acquired Hanahan/Weinberg capabilities necessary for oncogenic transformation. Although there is little evidence that PMT might have a role in human cancer, it serves as an important and novel paradigm for a bacterial link to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Lax
- Department of Microbiology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Genetic studies of Wnt11 have revealed many insights into the roles and regulation of Wnt11, particularly during development. New tools to study Wnt11 have recently become available, making it timely to review the literature regarding this unique Wnt family member. In this study, we focus on mammalian Wnt11, describing its main sites of expression during development, and how the Wnt11 gene is regulated. We highlight an emerging theme in which canonical Wnt signals regulate Wnt11 expression through transcription factors in addition to, or other than, Tcf/LEF family members. We also discuss the frizzled family and other receptors that bind to Wnt11, the intracellular kinases and small GTPases that act downstream of Wnt11, and the effects of Wnt11 on Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Finally, we elaborate on the relevance of Wnt11 to human cancer, where it appears to be important both for proliferation and/or survival during normal differentiation and for migration/invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Uysal-Onganer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is differentially regulated by Gα proteins and contributes to fibrous dysplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20101-6. [PMID: 22106277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114656108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are common disabling disorders characterized by aberrant growth of bone and cartilage leading to abnormal skeletal structures and functions, often attributable to defects in skeletal progenitor cells. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of most skeletal dysplasias remain elusive. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is required for skeletal progenitor cells to differentiate along the osteoblastic lineage, inappropriately elevated levels of signaling can also inhibit bone formation by suppressing osteoblast maturation. Here, we investigate interactions of the four major Gα protein families (Gα(s), Gα(i/o), Gα(q/11), and Gα(12/13)) with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and identify a causative role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fibrous dysplasia (FD) of bone, a disease that exhibits abnormal differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells. The activating Gα(s) mutations that cause FD potentiated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and removal of Gα(s) led to reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decreased bone formation. We further show that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoblast progenitors results in an FD-like phenotype and reduction of β-catenin levels rescued differentiation defects of FD patient-derived stromal cells. Gα proteins may act at the level of β-catenin destruction complex assembly by binding Axin. Our results indicate that activated Gα proteins differentially regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling but, importantly, are not required core components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our data suggest that activated Gα proteins are playing physiologically significant roles during both skeletal development and disease by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling strength.
Collapse
|
28
|
Acute toxicity of the antifouling compound butenolide in non-target organisms. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23803. [PMID: 21897857 PMCID: PMC3163639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Butenolide [5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one] is a recently discovered and very promising anti-marine-fouling compound. In this study, the acute toxicity of butenolide was assessed in several non-target organisms, including micro algae, crustaceans, and fish. Results were compared with previously reported results on the effective concentrations used on fouling (target) organisms. According to OECD's guideline, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was 0.168 µg l−1, which was among one of the highest in representative new biocides. Mechanistically, the phenotype of butenolide-treated Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos was similar to the phenotype of the pro-caspase-3 over-expression mutant with pericardial edema, small eyes, small brains, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the bodies of zebrafish embryos. Butenolide also induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), Bcl-2 family proteins, and caspases and proteasomes/lysosomes involved in this process. This is the first detailed toxicity and toxicology study on this antifouling compound.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang M, Liang L, Xu M, Qureshi AA, Han J. Pathway analysis for genome-wide association study of basal cell carcinoma of the skin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22760. [PMID: 21829505 PMCID: PMC3145747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a pathway-based approach has been developed to evaluate the cumulative contribution of the functionally related genes for genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which may help utilize GWAS data to a greater extent. Methods In this study, we applied this approach for the GWAS of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. We first conducted the BCC GWAS among 1,797 BCC cases and 5,197 controls in Caucasians with 740,760 genotyped SNPs. 115,688 SNPs were grouped into gene transcripts within 20 kb in distance and then into 174 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, 205 BioCarta pathways, as well as two positive control gene sets (pigmentation gene set and BCC risk gene set). The association of each pathway with BCC risk was evaluated using the weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One thousand permutations were conducted to assess the significance. Results Both of the positive control gene sets reached pathway p-values<0.05. Four other pathways were also significantly associated with BCC risk: the heparan sulfate biosynthesis pathway (p = 0.007, false discovery rate, FDR = 0.35), the mCalpain pathway (p = 0.002, FDR = 0.12), the Rho cell motility signaling pathway (p = 0.011, FDR = 0.30), and the nitric oxide pathway (p = 0.022, FDR = 0.42). Conclusion We identified four pathways associated with BCC risk, which may offer new insights into the etiology of BCC upon further validation, and this approach may help identify potential biological pathways that might be missed by the standard GWAS approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
β-catenin is constantly degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. We here report that a different type of β-catenin degradation is causally involved in epidermal cell death. We observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused β-catenin degradation in the epidermal cells through a caspase-dependent mechanism, which results in disruption of cell adhesion. Disruption of cell adhesion increased ROS and activated caspases. Upregulation of the intact β-catenin blocked ROS accumulation and caspase activation. These results indicate that a feed-forward loop consisting of ROS, caspases activation and β-catenin degradation induces epidermal cell death.
Collapse
|
31
|
Azoulay-Alfaguter I, Yaffe Y, Licht-Murava A, Urbanska M, Jaworski J, Pietrokovski S, Hirschberg K, Eldar-Finkelman H. Distinct molecular regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha isozyme controlled by its N-terminal region: functional role in calcium/calpain signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13470-80. [PMID: 21266584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is expressed as two isozymes α and β. They share high similarity in their catalytic domains but differ in their N- and C-terminal regions, with GSK-3α having an extended glycine-rich N terminus. Here, we undertook live cell imaging combined with molecular and bioinformatic studies to understand the distinct functions of the GSK-3 isozymes focusing on GSK-3α N-terminal region. We found that unlike GSK-3β, which shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, GSK-3α was excluded from the nucleus. Deletion of the N-terminal region of GSK-3α resulted in nuclear localization, and treatment with leptomycin B resulted in GSK-3α accumulation in the nucleus. GSK-3α rapidly accumulated in the nucleus in response to calcium or serum deprivation, and accumulation was strongly inhibited by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin. This nuclear accumulation was not mediated by cleavage of the N-terminal region or phosphorylation of GSK-3α. Rather, we show that calcium-induced GSK-3α nuclear accumulation was governed by GSK-3α binding with as yet unknown calpain-sensitive protein or proteins; this binding was mediated by the N-terminal region. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses indicated that nuclear exclusion of GSK-3α was likely an exclusive characteristic of mammalian GSK-3α. Finally, we show that nuclear localization of GSK-3α reduced the nuclear pool of β-catenin and its target cyclin D1. Taken together, these data suggest that the N-terminal region of GSK-3α is responsible for its nuclear exclusion and that binding with a calcium/calpain-sensitive product enables GSK-3α nuclear retention. We further uncovered a novel link between calcium and nuclear GSK-3α-mediated inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Azoulay-Alfaguter
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ewan K, Pajak B, Stubbs M, Todd H, Barbeau O, Quevedo C, Botfield H, Young R, Ruddle R, Samuel L, Battersby A, Raynaud F, Allen N, Wilson S, Latinkic B, Workman P, McDonald E, Blagg J, Aherne W, Dale T. A useful approach to identify novel small-molecule inhibitors of Wnt-dependent transcription. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5963-73. [PMID: 20610623 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer due to mutations in genes encoding APC, beta-catenin, and axin. To identify small-molecule inhibitors of Wnt signaling as potential therapeutics, a diverse chemical library was screened using a transcription factor reporter cell line in which the activity of the pathway was induced at the level of Disheveled protein. A series of deconvolution studies was used to focus on three compound series that selectively killed cancer cell lines with constitutive Wnt signaling. Activities of the compounds included the ability to induce degradation of beta-catenin that had been stabilized by a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor. This screen illustrates a practical approach to identify small-molecule inhibitors of Wnt signaling that can seed the development of agents suitable to treat patients with Wnt-dependent tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Potier M, Tran TA, Chantome A, Girault A, Joulin V, Bougnoux P, Vandier C, Pierre F. Altered SK3/KCa2.3-mediated migration in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mutated mouse colon epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:42-7. [PMID: 20519134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lost of adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) disturbs the migration of intestinal epithelial cells but the mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Since we have demonstrated that SK3/KCa2.3 channel promotes cancer cell migration, we hypothesized that Apc mutation may affect SK3/KCa2.3 channel-mediated colon epithelial cell motility. We report evidence that SK3/KCa2.3 channel promotes colon epithelial cells motility. Following Apc mutation SK3/KCa2.3 expression is largely reduced leading to a suppression of the SK3/KCa2.3 channel mediated-cell migration. Our findings reveal a previously unknown function of the SK3/KCa2.3 channel in epithelial colonic cells, and suggest that Apc is a powerful regulator SK3/KCa2.3 channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Potier
- INSERM U921, Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, 10 Boulevard Tonnelle, Tours Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
MDL-28170 has no analgesic effect on CCI induced neuropathic pain in mice. Molecules 2010; 15:3038-47. [PMID: 20657463 PMCID: PMC6263360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The calpain inhibitor MDL-28710 blocks the early local pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in mice after chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI). One-hundred-thirteen wild type mice of C57Bl/6J background received CCI of the right sciatic nerve. Mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were investigated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 7 days after CCI. Three application regimens were used for MDL-28170: a) single injection 40 min before CCI; b) serial injections of MDL-28170 40 min before and up to day three after CCI; c) sustained application via intraperitoneal osmotic pumps. The control animals received the vehicle DMSO/PEG 400. The tolerable dose of MDL-28170 for mice was 30 mg/kg body weight, higher doses were lethal within the first hours after application. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were reduced after CCI and did not normalize after single or serial injections, nor with application of MDL-28170 via osmotic pumps. Although the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 inhibits the early local cytokine upregulation in the sciatic nerve after CCI, pain behavior is not altered. This finding implies that local cytokine upregulation after nerve injury alone is only one factor in the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
35
|
Spiperone enhances intracellular calcium level and inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway. BMC Pharmacol 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19948059 PMCID: PMC2789054 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling affects fundamental development pathways by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling promotes the development of several cancers and is an attractive target for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS In order to identify the novel antagonists for the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, we employed a cell-based Wnt reporter system (TOPflash) to screen a library of 960 known drugs. We identified spiperone, a psychotropic drug, as a novel Wnt inhibitor, which specifically blocks canonical Wnt signaling prior to the activation of beta-catenin. The Wnt inhibitory function of spiperone is not associated with its dopamine-, serotonin- and sigma-receptor antagonist properties. Instead, spiperone increases intracellular calcium levels in a similar manner to thapsigargin, that also impedes Wnt signal transduction. Inhibition of protein kinase C had no effect on spiperone-mediated antagonism of Wnt signaling. CONCLUSION Spiperone is a calcium regulator. It inhibits Wnt signaling by enhancing intracellular calcium levels.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuro-o M. Klotho and aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1790:1049-58. [PMID: 19230844 PMCID: PMC2743784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The klotho gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein that forms a complex with multiple fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and functions as an obligatory co-receptor for FGF23, a bone-derived hormone that induces negative phosphate balance. Defects in either Klotho or Fgf23 gene expression cause not only phosphate retention but also a premature-aging syndrome in mice, unveiling a potential link between phosphate metabolism and aging. In addition, the extracellular domain of Klotho protein is clipped on the cell surface and secreted into blood stream, potentially functioning as an endocrine factor. The secreted Klotho protein has a putative sialidase activity that modifies glycans on the cell surface, which may explain the ability of secreted Klotho protein to regulate activity of multiple ion channels and growth factors including insulin, IGF-1, and Wnt. Secreted Klotho protein also protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress through a mechanism yet to be identified. Thus, the transmembrane and secreted forms of Klotho protein have distinct functions, which may collectively affect aging processes in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuro-o
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9072, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mishra N, Basu A, Jayaprakash V, Sharon A, Basu M, Patnaik KK. Structure based virtual screening of GSK-3β: Importance of protein flexibility and induced fit. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5582-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
38
|
Li C, Li A, Li M, Xing Y, Chen H, Hu L, Tiozzo C, Anderson S, Taketo MM, Minoo P. Stabilized beta-catenin in lung epithelial cells changes cell fate and leads to tracheal and bronchial polyposis. Dev Biol 2009; 334:97-108. [PMID: 19631635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms by which beta-catenin controls morphogenesis and cell differentiation remain largely unknown. Using embryonic lung development as a model, we deleted exon 3 of beta-catenin via Nkx2.1-cre in the Catnb[+/lox(ex3)] mice and studied its impact on epithelial morphogenesis. Robust selective accumulation of truncated, stabilized beta-catenin was found in Nkx2.1-cre;Catnb[+/lox(ex3)] lungs that were associated with the formation of polyp-like structures in the trachea and main-stem bronchi. Characterization of polyps suggests that accumulated beta-catenin impacts epithelial morphogenesis in at least two ways. "Intracellular" accumulation of beta-catenin blocked differentiation of spatially-appropriate airway epithelial cell types, Clara cells, ciliated cells and basal cells, and activated UCHL1, a marker for pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. There was also evidence for a "paracrine" impact of beta-catenin accumulation, potentially mediated via activation of Bmp4 that inhibited Clara and ciliated, but not basal cell differentiation. Thus, excess beta-catenin can alter cell fate determination by both direct and paracrine mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Olkku A, Mahonen A. Calreticulin mediated glucocorticoid receptor export is involved in beta-catenin translocation and Wnt signalling inhibition in human osteoblastic cells. Bone 2009; 44:555-65. [PMID: 19100874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling pathway is a multicomponent cascade involving interaction of several proteins and found to be important for development and function of various cells and tissues. There is increasing evidence that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway constitutes also one of the essential molecular mechanisms controlling the metabolic aspects of osteoblastic cells. However, in bone, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been reported to weaken Wnt signalling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms behind the cross-talk of these two signalling pathways in human osteoblastic cells. Based on our findings, liganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulated Wnt signalling pathway by decreasing beta-catenin's nuclear accumulation and increasing its relocalization to cell membranes rather than affecting its degradation in human osteoblastic cells. The region of GR responsible for this inhibitory effect located into an area, which harbours the DNA binding as well as nuclear export domains. In further studies, a chaperone protein calreticulin (CRT), known to bind the DNA binding domain of GR and regulate receptor export, was found to be involved in the GR-mediated downregulation of Wnt signalling: GR mutants containing incomplete CRT binding sites were not able to translocate beta-catenin to cell surface. In addition, the inhibitory effect of GCs on endogenous Wnt target gene, cyclin D1, was abolished, when the expression of CRT was attenuated by the RNAi technique. Furthermore, GR and beta-catenin were shown to exist in the same immunocomplex, while interaction between CRT and beta-catenin was observed only in the presence of GR as a mediator molecule. In addition, the GR mutant lacking CRT binding ability impaired the complex formation between beta-catenin and CRT. Together with GR, beta-catenin could thus be co-transported from the nucleus in a CRT-dependent way. These observations represent a novel mechanism for GCs to downregulate Wnt signalling pathway in human osteoblastic cells. Knowledge of these molecular mechanisms is important for understanding the network of multiple signalling cascades in bone environment. Functional Wnt signalling pathway is a prerequisite for proper osteoblastogenesis, and this modulative cross-talk between the steroid pathway and Wnt cascade could therefore explain some of the two-edged effects of GCs on osteoblastic differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Olkku
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Najafi SMA. Activators of G proteins inhibit GSK-3beta and stabilize beta-Catenin in Xenopus oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:365-9. [PMID: 19285033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frizzled proteins, the receptors for Wnt ligands have seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains, a structural feature of G protein coupled receptors. Therefore a role for G proteins in the regulation of Wnt signaling has been proposed. Here I have used Xenopus oocytes to study the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in the regulation of GSK-3beta and beta-Catenin, two essential components of the canonical Wnt pathway. In these cells, general activators of G proteins such as GTPgamma-S and AlF4(-) increase beta-Catenin stability and decrease GSK-3beta mediated phosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein, Tau. Among several members of Galpha proteins tested, expression of a constitutively active mutant of Galphaq (GalphaqQL) led to a significant increase in accumulation of beta-Catenin. The stabilization of beta-Catenin mediated by Galphaq was reversed by a Galphaq specific inhibitor, Gp-antagonist 2A, but not by a specific blocking peptide for Galphas. Expression of GalphaqQL also inhibited GSK-3beta-mediated tau phosphorylation in Xenopus oocytes. These results support a role for the Gq class of G proteins in the regulation of Wnt/beta-Catenin signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mahmoud A Najafi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Sun Z. Current understanding of klotho. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8:43-51. [PMID: 19022406 PMCID: PMC2637560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a new anti-aging gene. Genetic mutation of klotho causes multiple premature aging-like phenotypes and strikingly shortens lifespan. Overexpression of the klotho gene in mice suppresses aging and extends lifespan which may involve the mechanism of suppression of insulin signaling and oxidant stress. Klotho functions as a cofactor/coreceptor regulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 signaling. Klotho acts as a glucuronidase and activates ion channel TRPV5. Klotho protects against endothelial dysfunction and regulates the production of nitric oxide. Klotho also influences intracellular signaling pathways including p53/p21, cAMP, protein kinase C (PKC) and Wnt signaling pathways. The discovery of klotho has a great impact on aging research. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent progress and future directions of klotho research. Specifically, this review will cover: klotho and aging, structure and expression of the klotho gene, localization of klotho expression, source of circulating klotho, current understanding of klotho functions, and signaling pathways of klotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104-0901, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vaisid T, Barnoy S, Kosower NS. Calpastatin overexpression attenuates amyloid-beta-peptide toxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Neuroscience 2008; 156:921-31. [PMID: 18786620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta is toxic to neurons, possibly through causing initial synaptic dysfunction and neuronal membrane dystrophy, promoted by increased cellular Ca(2+). Calpain (Ca(2+)-dependent protease) and caspase have been implicated in AD. Previously, we used calpain and caspase pharmacological inhibitors to study effects of Abeta25-35 (sAbeta) on neuronal-like differentiated PC12 cells. We reported that sAbeta-treated cells exhibited calpain activation and protein degradation (due to both calpain and caspase-8). We have now found that overexpression of the calpain specific inhibitor calpastatin in differentiated PC12 cells significantly inhibited the sAbeta-induced calpain activation and decreased the protease activity. Calpastatin overexpression inhibited the sAbeta-promoted degradation of fodrin, protein kinase Cepsilon, beta-catenin (membrane structural proteins and proteins involved in signal transduction pathways), and prevented the sAbeta-induced alteration of neurite structure (manifested by varicosities). Overexpression of calpastatin also inhibited Ca(2+)-promoted calpain activation and protein degradation; this is consistent with the notion that the Abeta-induced increase in calpain activity results from a rise in cellular Ca(2+), provided the calpastatin level is not so high as to strongly inhibit calpain. Carrying out transfection without selection allowed the comparison in the same culture of calpastatin-overexpressing with non-overexpressing cells. In cultures transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-calpastatin plasmid, calpastatin overexpression (indicated by GFP-labeling) led to inhibition in sAbeta-induced membrane propidium iodide (PI) permeability, whereas non-transfected, GFP-unlabeled cells exhibited PI permeability. Overall, the results demonstrate that the effects of Abeta-toxicity studied here were attenuated to a large extent by calpastatin overexpression, indicating that the protease calpain is involved in Abeta-toxicity (obviating a primary, direct role for caspases). Increased expression of calpastatin and/or decrease in calpain may serve as one of the means for ameliorating some of the early symptoms of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Vaisid
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lepage SE, Bruce AEE. Characterization and comparative expression of zebrafish calpain system genes during early development. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:819-29. [PMID: 18265014 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic calpain system has been implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration, and intracellular signaling; however, little is known regarding the function of this system in vivo. Two heterodimeric Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine proteases, mu-calpain (CAPN1) and m-calpain (CAPN2), and the endogenous inhibitor calpastatin (CAST) comprise the classic/ubiquitous calpain system in mammals. Recently, knockout of two murine classic calpain genes, Capn2 and Capn4/Capns1, revealed that components of the classic system are indispensable for preimplantation development. We identified four classic calpain catalytic subunit genes (capn1a, 1b, 2a, 2b), two regulatory subunit genes (capns1a, 1b), and calpastatin (cast) from the zebrafish. Our data suggest that the components of the classic mammalian system are both conserved and expanded in the teleost lineage. In contrast to the classic/ubiquitous mammalian system, zebrafish calpain system genes acquire unique, tissue-specific patterns of expression within the first 2 days of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Lepage
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The klotho gene functions as an aging-suppressor gene that extends life span when overexpressed and accelerates aging-like phenotypes when disrupted in mice. The klotho gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein that binds to multiple fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and functions as a co-receptor for FGF23, a bone-derived hormone that suppresses phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D biosynthesis in the kidney. In addition, the extracellular domain of Klotho protein is shed and secreted, potentially functioning as a humoral factor. The secreted Klotho protein can regulate multiple growth factor signaling pathways, including insulin/IGF-1 and Wnt, and the activity of multiple ion channels. Klotho protein also protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress, yet the precise mechanism underlying these activities remains to be determined. Thus, understanding of Klotho protein function is expected to provide new insights into the molecular basis for aging, phosphate/vitamin D metabolism, cancer and stem cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuro-o
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9072, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Masoumi A, Reed-Gitomer B, Kelleher C, Schrier RW. Potential pharmacological interventions in polycystic kidney disease. Drugs 2008; 67:2495-510. [PMID: 18034588 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200767170-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases (autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive) are progressive renal tubular cystic diseases, which are characterised by cyst expansion and loss of normal kidney structure and function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life- threatening, hereditary disease. ADPKD is more prevalent than Huntington's disease, haemophilia, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, myotonic dystrophy and Down's syndrome combined. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and its potential protective effect on left ventricular hypertrophy has been one of the major therapeutic goals to decrease cardiac complications and contribute to improved prognosis of the disease. Advances in the understanding of the genetics, molecular biology and pathophysiology of the disease are likely to facilitate the improvement of treatments for these diseases. Developments in describing the role of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and its correlation with cellular signalling systems, Ras/Raf/mitogen extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and interaction of these pathways with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, provide new insights on treatment strategies. Blocking the vasopressin V(2) receptor, a major adenylyl cyclase agonist, demonstrated significant improvements in inhibiting cytogenesis in animal models. Because of activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the use of sirolimus (rapamycin) an mTOR inhibitor, markedly reduced cyst formation and decreased polycystic kidney size in several animal models. Caspase inhibitors have been shown to decrease cytogenesis and renal failure in rats with cystic disease. Cystic fluid secretion results in cyst enlargement and somatostatin analogues have been shown to decrease renal cyst progression in patients with ADPKD. The safety and efficacy of these classes of drugs provide potential interventions for experimental and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Masoumi
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Struewing IT, Barnett CD, Zhang W, Yadav S, Mao CD. Frizzled-7 turnover at the plasma membrane is regulated by cell density and the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain-1. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:3526-41. [PMID: 17716656 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Frizzled are seven-transmembrane domain G-protein coupled receptors involved in cell polarity and Wnt signaling. The mechanisms regulating their turnover at the plasma membrane remain unclear. We have identified a regulated C-terminus cleavage of Frizzled-7 in endothelial cells using ectopic expression of N- and C-termini-tagged Frizzled-7 proteins. This specific cleavage produced a 10 kDa C-terminus fragment that remained associated with intracellular vesicles and was localized within the 3rd intracytoplasmic loop using N-terminal sequencing and targeted mutagenesis. Frizzled-7 mutated forms displaying reduced C-terminus cleavage were also defective for dvl2 translocation at the plasma membrane. PMA, an activator of PKC and endocytosis, but not Wnt13A and Wnt5A, increased the appearance of Frizzled-7 C-terminus-containing vesicles and Frizzled-7 cleavage. Concanavalin-A, an inhibitor of receptor internalization decreased both constitutive and PMA-induced Frizzled-7 cleavage, while inhibition of the endocytic pathway with Delta95-295-Eps15 dominant-negative prevented only PMA-induced Frizzled-7 cleavage. Frizzled-7 C-terminus cleavage was increased with cell density and by the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin and was decreased by specific calpain inhibitors, by the expression of DN-calpain-1 and the down-regulation of calpain-1 levels by siRNAs. Altogether, our findings pinpoint calpain-1 as a regulator of Frizzled-7 turnover at the plasma membrane and reveal a link between Frizzled-7 cleavage and its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Struewing
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Slusarski DC, Pelegri F. Calcium signaling in vertebrate embryonic patterning and morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2007; 307:1-13. [PMID: 17531967 PMCID: PMC2729314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways that rely on the controlled release and/or accumulation of calcium ions are important in a variety of developmental events in the vertebrate embryo, affecting cell fate specification and morphogenesis. One such major developmentally important pathway is the Wnt/calcium signaling pathway, which, through its antagonism of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, appears to regulate the formation of the early embryonic organizer. In addition, the Wnt/calcium pathway shares components with another non-canonical Wnt pathway involved in planar cell polarity, suggesting that these two pathways form a loose network involved in polarized cell migratory movements that fashion the vertebrate body plan. Furthermore, left-right axis determination, neural induction and somite formation also display dynamic calcium release, which may be critical in these patterning events. Finally, we summarize recent evidence that propose a role for calcium signaling in stem cell biology and human developmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane C. Slusarski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, Phone: 319.335.3229, FAX: 319.335.1069,
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Phone: 608.265.9286, FAX: 608.262.2976,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guzzo RM, Foley AC, Ibarra YM, Mercola M. Signaling Pathways in Embryonic Heart Induction. CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1574-3349(07)18005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
49
|
Soto X, Mayor R, Torrejón M, Montecino M, Hinrichs MV, Olate J. Gαq negatively regulates the Wnt-β-catenin pathway and dorsal embryonicXenopus laevis development. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:483-90. [PMID: 17654482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of axis formation and gastrulation movements during early Xenopus laevis embryo development, by antagonizing the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin dorsalizing pathway and specifying ventral cell fate. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this antagonist crosstalk are not known. Since Galphaq is the main regulator of Ca2+ signaling in vertebrates and from this perspective probably involved in the events elicited by the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, we decided to study the effect of wild-type Xenopus Gq (xGalphaq) in dorso-ventral axis embryo patterning. Overexpression of xGalphaq or its endogenous activation at the dorsal animal region of Xenopus embryo both induced a strong ventralized phenotype and inhibited the expression of dorsal-specific mesoderm markers goosecoid and chordin. Dorsal expression of an xGalphaq dominant-negative mutant reverted the xGalphaq-induced ventralized phenotype. Finally, we observed that the Wnt8-induced secondary axis formation is reverted by endogenous xGalphaq activation, indicating that it is negatively regulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Prévotat L, Filomenko R, Solary E, Jeannin JF, Bettaieb A. Nitric oxide-induced down-regulation of beta-catenin in colon cancer cells by a proteasome-independent specific pathway. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:1142-52. [PMID: 17030184 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We have previously reported that nitric oxide could induce the death of colon cancer cells. Because an inappropriate activation of beta-catenin has been associated with intestinal cell malignant transformation, we explored whether nitric oxide could affect beta-catenin expression and function. METHODS Human colon cancer cell lines were treated with the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) before analyzing beta-catenin expression by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation methods and its transcriptional activity using a luciferase reporter gene driven by a T-cell factor-responsive promotor. RESULTS GTN induces beta-catenin degradation and down-regulates its transcriptional activity in colon cancer cells. This effect is preceded by GTN-induced tyrosine nitration of beta-catenin, together with its dephosphorylation on serine 33, 37, and 45 and threonine 41. GTN-induced beta-catenin degradation involves proteases that are sensitive to a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and to serine protease inhibitors N-tosyl-L-phenylalaline chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and [4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonylfluoride] (AEBSF), whereas the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is not involved. Interestingly, only TPCK and AEBSF restore beta-catenin transcriptional activity and preserve beta-catenin nuclear localization in GTN-treated colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of colon cancer cells to nitric oxide unraveled a so-far-unidentified mechanism of beta-catenin regulation. The protein is nitrated and dephosphorylated, and its transcriptional activity is reduced through degradation by a TPCK and AEBSF-sensitive protease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Prévotat
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE/INSERM U517, IFR100, Faculty of Medicine, 7 bd. Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|