1
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Chinthalapudi K, Heissler SM. Structure, regulation, and mechanisms of nonmuscle myosin-2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:263. [PMID: 38878079 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Members of the myosin superfamily of molecular motors are large mechanochemical ATPases that are implicated in an ever-expanding array of cellular functions. This review focuses on mammalian nonmuscle myosin-2 (NM2) paralogs, ubiquitous members of the myosin-2 family of filament-forming motors. Through the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work, NM2 paralogs remodel and shape cells and tissues. This process is tightly controlled in time and space by numerous synergetic regulation mechanisms to meet cellular demands. We review how recent advances in structural biology together with elegant biophysical and cell biological approaches have contributed to our understanding of the shared and unique mechanisms of NM2 paralogs as they relate to their kinetics, regulation, assembly, and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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2
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Neal CL, Kronert WA, Camillo JRT, Suggs JA, Huxford T, Bernstein SI. Aging-affiliated post-translational modifications of skeletal muscle myosin affect biochemical properties, myofibril structure, muscle function, and proteostasis. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14134. [PMID: 38506610 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular motor myosin is post-translationally modified in its globular head, its S2 hinge, and its thick filament domain during human skeletal muscle aging. To determine the importance of such modifications, we performed an integrative analysis of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing myosin containing post-translational modification mimic mutations. We determined effects on muscle function, myofibril structure, and myosin biochemistry. Modifications in the homozygous state decreased jump muscle function by a third at 3 weeks of age and reduced indirect flight muscle function to negligible levels in young flies, with severe effects on flight muscle myofibril assembly and/or maintenance. Expression of mimic mutations in the heterozygous state or in a wild-type background yielded significant, but less severe, age-dependent effects upon flight muscle structure and function. Modification of the residue in the globular head disabled ATPase activity and in vitro actin filament motility, whereas the S2 hinge mutation reduced actin-activated ATPase activity by 30%. The rod modification diminished filament formation in vitro. The latter mutation also reduced proteostasis, as demonstrated by enhanced accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Overall, we find that mutation of amino acids at sites that are chemically modified during human skeletal muscle aging can disrupt myosin ATPase, myosin filament formation, and/or proteostasis, providing a mechanistic basis for the observed muscle defects. We conclude that age-specific post-translational modifications present in human skeletal muscle are likely to act in a dominant fashion to affect muscle structure and function and may therefore be implicated in degeneration and dysfunction associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Neal
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - William A Kronert
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jared Rafael T Camillo
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A Suggs
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tom Huxford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sanford I Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Chen L, Liu J, Rastegarpouyani H, Janssen PML, Pinto JR, Taylor KA. Structure of mavacamten-free human cardiac thick filaments within the sarcomere by cryoelectron tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311883121. [PMID: 38386705 PMCID: PMC10907299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311883121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart muscle has the unique property that it can never rest; all cardiomyocytes contract with each heartbeat which requires a complex control mechanism to regulate cardiac output to physiological requirements. Changes in calcium concentration regulate the thin filament activation. A separate but linked mechanism regulates the thick filament activation, which frees sufficient myosin heads to bind the thin filament, thereby producing the required force. Thick filaments contain additional nonmyosin proteins, myosin-binding protein C and titin, the latter being the protein that transmits applied tension to the thick filament. How these three proteins interact to control thick filament activation is poorly understood. Here, we show using 3-D image reconstruction of frozen-hydrated human cardiac muscle myofibrils lacking exogenous drugs that the thick filament is structured to provide three levels of myosin activation corresponding to the three crowns of myosin heads in each 429Å repeat. In one crown, the myosin heads are almost completely activated and disordered. In another crown, many myosin heads are inactive, ordered into a structure called the interacting heads motif. At the third crown, the myosin heads are ordered into the interacting heads motif, but the stability of that motif is affected by myosin-binding protein C. We think that this hierarchy of control explains many of the effects of length-dependent activation as well as stretch activation in cardiac muscle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
| | - Jun Liu
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
| | - Paul M. L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Jose R. Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
| | - Kenneth A. Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
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4
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Jiao X, Li X, Zhang N, Zhang W, Yan B, Huang J, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Fan D. Postmortem Muscle Proteome Characteristics of Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Insights from Full-Length Transcriptome and Deep 4D Label-Free Proteomic. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1376-1390. [PMID: 38165648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The coverage of the protein database directly determines the results of shotgun proteomics. In this study, PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology was performed on postmortem silver carp muscle transcripts. A total of 42.43 Gb clean data, 35,834 nonredundant transcripts, and 15,413 unigenes were obtained. In total, 99.32% of the unigenes were successfully annotated and assigned specific functions. PacBio long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) analysis can provide more accurate protein information with a higher proportion of complete coding sequences and longer lengths. Subsequently, 2671 proteins were identified in deep 4D proteomics informed by a full-length transcriptomics technique, which has been shown to improve the identification of low-abundance muscle proteins and potential protein isoforms. The feature of the sarcomeric protein profile and information on more than 30 major proteins in the white dorsal muscle of silver carp were reported here for the first time. Overall, this study provides valuable transcriptome data resources and the comprehensive muscle protein information detected to date for further study into the processing characteristic of early postmortem fish muscle, as well as a spectral library for data-independent acquisition and data processing. This batch of muscle-specific dependent acquisition data is available via PRIDE with identifier PXD043702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Xiamen 361022, China
- Anjoy Foods Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Bowen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianlian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Xiamen 361022, China
- Anjoy Foods Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Daming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Conditioning Aquatic Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361022, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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5
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Carrington G, Hau A, Kosta S, Dugdale HF, Muntoni F, D’Amico A, Van den Bergh P, Romero NB, Malfatti E, Vilchez JJ, Oldfors A, Pajusalu S, Õunap K, Giralt-Pujol M, Zanoteli E, Campbell KS, Iwamoto H, Peckham M, Ochala J. Human skeletal myopathy myosin mutations disrupt myosin head sequestration. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172322. [PMID: 37788100 PMCID: PMC10721271 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chains encoded by MYH7 and MYH2 are abundant in human skeletal muscle and important for muscle contraction. However, it is unclear how mutations in these genes disrupt myosin structure and function leading to skeletal muscle myopathies termed myosinopathies. Here, we used multiple approaches to analyze the effects of common MYH7 and MYH2 mutations in the light meromyosin (LMM) region of myosin. Analyses of expressed and purified MYH7 and MYH2 LMM mutant proteins combined with in silico modeling showed that myosin coiled coil structure and packing of filaments in vitro are commonly disrupted. Using muscle biopsies from patients and fluorescent ATP analog chase protocols to estimate the proportion of myosin heads that were super-relaxed, together with x-ray diffraction measurements to estimate myosin head order, we found that basal myosin ATP consumption was increased and the myosin super-relaxed state was decreased in vivo. In addition, myofiber mechanics experiments to investigate contractile function showed that myofiber contractility was not affected. These findings indicate that the structural remodeling associated with LMM mutations induces a pathogenic state in which formation of shutdown heads is impaired, thus increasing myosin head ATP demand in the filaments, rather than affecting contractility. These key findings will help design future therapies for myosinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Carrington
- The Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology and
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abbi Hau
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kosta
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hannah F. Dugdale
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adele D’Amico
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Neurology Department, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Norma B. Romero
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Myology Research Centre INSERM, Sorbonne University, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, Inserm U955, Creteil, France
- U1179 UVSQ-INSERM Handicap Neuromuscular: Physiology, Biotherapy and Applied Pharmacology, UFR Simone Veil-Santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Juan Jesus Vilchez
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Spain, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marta Giralt-Pujol
- The Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology and
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Neurology, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Kenneth S. Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michelle Peckham
- The Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology and
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Tamborrini D, Wang Z, Wagner T, Tacke S, Stabrin M, Grange M, Kho AL, Rees M, Bennett P, Gautel M, Raunser S. Structure of the native myosin filament in the relaxed cardiac sarcomere. Nature 2023; 623:863-871. [PMID: 37914933 PMCID: PMC10665186 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The thick filament is a key component of sarcomeres, the basic units of striated muscle1. Alterations in thick filament proteins are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other heart and muscle diseases2. Despite the central importance of the thick filament, its molecular organization remains unclear. Here we present the molecular architecture of native cardiac sarcomeres in the relaxed state, determined by cryo-electron tomography. Our reconstruction of the thick filament reveals the three-dimensional organization of myosin, titin and myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C). The arrangement of myosin molecules is dependent on their position along the filament, suggesting specialized capacities in terms of strain susceptibility and force generation. Three pairs of titin-α and titin-β chains run axially along the filament, intertwining with myosin tails and probably orchestrating the length-dependent activation of the sarcomere. Notably, whereas the three titin-α chains run along the entire length of the thick filament, titin-β chains do not. The structure also demonstrates that MyBP-C bridges thin and thick filaments, with its carboxy-terminal region binding to the myosin tails and directly stabilizing the OFF state of the myosin heads in an unforeseen manner. These results provide a foundation for future research investigating muscle disorders involving sarcomeric components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tamborrini
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zhexin Wang
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thorsten Wagner
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tacke
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Stabrin
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grange
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
| | - Ay Lin Kho
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Kings College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Kings College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Pauline Bennett
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Kings College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Kings College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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7
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen X. Thermo-reversible gelation of myofibrillar protein: Relationship between coiled-coil and thermal reversibility. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100611. [PMID: 37860144 PMCID: PMC10582366 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermo-reversible gel of myofibrillar protein (MP) can be made by tactics of elaborate deamidation using protein-glutaminase (PG), and this work aimed to disclose the link between thermally reversible gelation of MP and the coiled-coil (CC). Enzymatic deamidation fragmented myofibril filaments and triggered structural reassembly to create small-sized aggregates. The coiling and dissociation of CC structure in the myosin tails is the fundamental structural basis of the PG deamidated MP (DMP) in the dynamic evolution of reversible gelation. After specific inhibition of CC assembly by trifluoroethanol (TFE), the thermo-reversible gel ability of DMP was impaired, which confirmed that the dynamic assembly of CC with temperature response played a key role in the thermo-reversible gelation of DMP. The findings may broaden the molecular basis of natural CC reversible gelation and foster advances for the development of new muscle protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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8
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Abbasi Yeganeh F, Rastegarpouyani H, Li J, Taylor KA. Structure of the Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscle Myosin Filament at 4.7 Å Resolution Reveals New Details of Non-Myosin Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14936. [PMID: 37834384 PMCID: PMC10573858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle thick filaments are composed of myosin II and several non-myosin proteins which define the filament length and modify its function. Myosin II has a globular N-terminal motor domain comprising its catalytic and actin-binding activities and a long α-helical, coiled tail that forms the dense filament backbone. Myosin alone polymerizes into filaments of irregular length, but striated muscle thick filaments have defined lengths that, with thin filaments, define the sarcomere structure. The motor domain structure and function are well understood, but the myosin filament backbone is not. Here we report on the structure of the flight muscle thick filaments from Drosophila melanogaster at 4.7 Å resolution, which eliminates previous ambiguities in non-myosin densities. The full proximal S2 region is resolved, as are the connecting densities between the Ig domains of stretchin-klp. The proteins, flightin, and myofilin are resolved in sufficient detail to build an atomic model based on an AlphaFold prediction. Our results suggest a method by which flightin and myofilin cooperate to define the structure of the thick filament and explains a key myosin mutation that affects flightin incorporation. Drosophila is a genetic model organism for which our results can define strategies for functional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbasi Yeganeh
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA; (F.A.Y.); (H.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA; (F.A.Y.); (H.R.); (J.L.)
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA; (F.A.Y.); (H.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Kenneth A. Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA; (F.A.Y.); (H.R.); (J.L.)
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9
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Quedan D, Singh R, Akel A, Bernardino AL, Thang C, Bhaskaruni M, Haldankar A, Tanner BCW, Root DD. Cooperative & competitive binding of anti-myosin tail antibodies revealed by super-resolution microscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109753. [PMID: 37714251 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The MF30 monoclonal antibody, which binds to the myosin subfragment-2 (S2), was found to increase the extent of myofibril shortening. Yet, previous observations found no effect of this antibody on actin sliding over myosin during in vitro motility assays with purified proteins in which myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) was absent. MF30 is hypothesized to enhance the availability of myosin heads (subfragment-1 or S1) to bind actin by destabilizing the myosin S2 coiled-coil and sterically blocking S2 from binding S1. The mechanism of action likely includes MF30's substantial size, thereby inhibiting S1 heads and MyBPC from binding S2. Hypothetically, MF30 should enhance the ON state of myosin, thereby increasing muscle contraction. Our findings indicate that MF30 binds preferentially to the unfolded heavy chains of S2, displaying positive cooperativity. However, the dose-response curve of MF30's enhancement of myofibril shortening did not suggest complex interactions with S2. Single, double, and triple-stained myofibrils with increasing amounts of antibodies against myosin rods indicate a possible competition with MyBPC. Additional assays revealed decreased fluorescence intensity at the C-zone (central zone in the sarcomere, where MyBPC is located), where MyBPC may inhibit MF30 binding. Another monoclonal antibody named MF20, which binds to the light meromyosin (LMM) without affecting myofibril contraction, showed less reduction in fluorescence intensity at the C-zone in expansion microscopy than MF30. Expansion microscopy images of myofibrils labeled with MF20 revealed labeling of the A-band (anisotropic band) and a slight reduction in the labeling at the C-zone. The staining pattern obtained from the expansion microscopy image was consistent with images from photolocalization microscopy which required the synthesis of unique photoactivatable quantum dots, and Zeiss Airyscan imaging as well as alternative expansion microscopy digestion methods. Consistent with the hypothesis that MF30 competes with MyBPC binding to S2, cardiac tissue from MyBPC knockout mice was stained more intensely, especially in the C-zone, by MF30 compared to the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dua'a Quedan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Amal Akel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Andrea L Bernardino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Christopher Thang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Mithilesh Bhaskaruni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Anushka Haldankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Bertrand C W Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Douglas D Root
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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10
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Hojjatian A, Taylor DW, Daneshparvar N, Fagnant PM, Trybus KM, Taylor KA. Double-headed binding of myosin II to F-actin shows the effect of strain on head structure. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107995. [PMID: 37414375 PMCID: PMC10544818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Force production in muscle is achieved through the interaction of myosin and actin. Strong binding states in active muscle are associated with Mg·ADP bound to the active site; release of Mg·ADP allows rebinding of ATP and dissociation from actin. Thus, Mg·ADP binding is positioned for adaptation as a force sensor. Mechanical loads on the lever arm can affect the ability of myosin to release Mg·ADP but exactly how this is done is poorly defined. Here we use F-actin decorated with double-headed smooth muscle myosin fragments in the presence of Mg·ADP to visualize the effect of internally supplied tension on the paired lever arms using cryoEM. The interaction of the paired heads with two adjacent actin subunits is predicted to place one lever arm under positive and the other under negative strain. The converter domain is believed to be the most flexible domain within myosin head. Our results, instead, point to the segment of heavy chain between the essential and regulatory light chains as the location of the largest structural change. Moreover, our results suggest no large changes in the myosin coiled coil tail as the locus of strain relief when both heads bind F-actin. The method would be adaptable to double-headed members of the myosin family. We anticipate that the study of actin-myosin interaction using double-headed fragments enables visualization of domains that are typically noisy in decoration with single-headed fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimohammad Hojjatian
- Inst. of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Dianne W Taylor
- Inst. of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Nadia Daneshparvar
- Inst. of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Patricia M Fagnant
- Dept of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Dept of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Kenneth A Taylor
- Inst. of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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11
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Taylor KA. John Squire and the myosin thick filament structure in muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:143-152. [PMID: 37099254 PMCID: PMC10686309 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the thin, actin-containing filament of muscle is both highly conserved across a broad range of muscle types and is now well understood. The structure of the thick, myosin-containing filaments of striated muscle are quite variable and remained comparatively unknown until recently, particularly in the arrangement of the myosin tails. John Squire played a major role not only in our understanding of thin filament structure and function but also in the structure of the thick filaments. Long before much was known about the structure and composition of muscle thick filaments, he proposed a general model for how myosin filaments were constructed. His role in our current understanding the structure of striated muscle thick filaments and the extent through which his predictions have held true is the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4380, USA.
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12
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Prodanovic M, Wang Y, Mijailovich SM, Irving T. Using Multiscale Simulations as a Tool to Interpret Equatorial X-ray Fiber Diffraction Patterns from Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8474. [PMID: 37239821 PMCID: PMC10218096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction is the method of choice for nm-scale structural studies of striated muscle under physiological conditions and on millisecond time scales. The lack of generally applicable computational tools for modeling X-ray diffraction patterns from intact muscles has been a significant barrier to exploiting the full potential of this technique. Here, we report a novel "forward problem" approach using the spatially explicit computational simulation platform MUSICO to predict equatorial small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns and the force output simultaneously from resting and isometrically contracting rat skeletal muscle that can be compared to experimental data. The simulation generates families of thick-thin filament repeating units, each with their individually predicted occupancies of different populations of active and inactive myosin heads that can be used to generate 2D-projected electron density models based on known Protein Data Bank structures. We show how, by adjusting only a few selected parameters, we can achieve a good correspondence between experimental and predicted X-ray intensities. The developments presented here demonstrate the feasibility of combining X-ray diffraction and spatially explicit modeling to form a powerful hypothesis-generating tool that can be used to motivate experiments that can reveal emergent properties of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momcilo Prodanovic
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newton, MA 02458, USA;
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Thomas Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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13
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Zhang L, Chen X, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhou P. Myofibrillar protein can form a thermo-reversible gel through elaborate deamidation using protein-glutaminase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3118-3128. [PMID: 36268675 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel thermo-reversible hydrogels that undergo gelation in feedback to external stimuli have numerous applications in the food, biomedical, and functional materials fields. Muscle myofibrillar protein (MP) has long been known for thermally irreversible gelation. Once the reversible gelation of MP is achieved, its scope for research and application will expand. RESULTS The work reported here achieved, for the first time, a thermo-reversible MP gelation by elaborate deamidation using protein glutaminase (PG). The protein concentration and PG reaction time within windows of 1.0-2.5% and 8 h or 12 h were observed to be vital for creating thermo-reversible gels. The gel strength increased with protein concentration. The gel displayed a perforated lamellar microstructure, which resulted in a high water-holding capacity. The rheological results revealed the thermo-reversibility of the gel was robust for up to five cycles of heating and cooling. The thermally reversible gelation is closely related to the reversible assembly between individual α-helix and helical coiled coil. Hydrophobic interactions proved to be predominantly involved in the formation and stabilization of the gel network structure. CONCLUSION This work increases the scope of research into the thermo-responsive behavior of MP-based gel. It can foster advances in research into the applications of muscle proteins and into the use of PG as a novel ingredient in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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14
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Marcucci L. Muscle Mechanics and Thick Filament Activation: An Emerging Two-Way Interaction for the Vertebrate Striated Muscle Fine Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076265. [PMID: 37047237 PMCID: PMC10094676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction in striated muscle is classically described as regulated by calcium-mediated structural changes in the actin-containing thin filaments, which release the binding sites for the interaction with myosin motors to produce force. In this view, myosin motors, arranged in the thick filaments, are basically always ready to interact with the thin filaments, which ultimately regulate the contraction. However, a new “dual-filament” activation paradigm is emerging, where both filaments must be activated to generate force. Growing evidence from the literature shows that the thick filament activation has a role on the striated muscle fine regulation, and its impairment is associated with severe pathologies. This review is focused on the proposed mechanical feedback that activates the inactive motors depending on the level of tension generated by the active ones, the so-called mechanosensing mechanism. Since the main muscle function is to generate mechanical work, the implications on muscle mechanics will be highlighted, showing: (i) how non-mechanical modulation of the thick filament activation influences the contraction, (ii) how the contraction influences the activation of the thick filament and (iii) how muscle, through the mechanical modulation of the thick filament activation, can regulate its own mechanics. This description highlights the crucial role of the emerging bi-directional feedback on muscle mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita 565-0874, Japan
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15
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Li J, Rahmani H, Abbasi Yeganeh F, Rastegarpouyani H, Taylor DW, Wood NB, Previs MJ, Iwamoto H, Taylor KA. Structure of the Flight Muscle Thick Filament from the Bumble Bee, Bombus ignitus, at 6 Å Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:377. [PMID: 36613818 PMCID: PMC9820631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Four insect orders have flight muscles that are both asynchronous and indirect; they are asynchronous in that the wingbeat frequency is decoupled from the frequency of nervous stimulation and indirect in that the muscles attach to the thoracic exoskeleton instead of directly to the wing. Flight muscle thick filaments from two orders, Hemiptera and Diptera, have been imaged at a subnanometer resolution, both of which revealed a myosin tail arrangement referred to as “curved molecular crystalline layers”. Here, we report a thick filament structure from the indirect flight muscles of a third insect order, Hymenoptera, the Asian bumble bee Bombus ignitus. The myosin tails are in general agreement with previous determinations from Lethocerus indicus and Drosophila melanogaster. The Skip 2 region has the same unusual structure as found in Lethocerus indicus thick filaments, an α-helix discontinuity is also seen at Skip 4, but the orientation of the Skip 1 region on the surface of the backbone is less angled with respect to the filament axis than in the other two species. The heads are disordered as in Drosophila, but we observe no non-myosin proteins on the backbone surface that might prohibit the ordering of myosin heads onto the thick filament backbone. There are strong structural similarities among the three species in their non-myosin proteins within the backbone that suggest how one previously unassigned density in Lethocerus might be assigned. Overall, the structure conforms to the previously observed pattern of high similarity in the myosin tail arrangement, but differences in the non-myosin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Hamidreza Rahmani
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi Yeganeh
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Dianne W. Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Neil B. Wood
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Michael J. Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kenneth A. Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
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16
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Schöck F, González-Morales N. The insect perspective on Z-disc structure and biology. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:277280. [PMID: 36226637 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibrils are the intracellular structures formed by actin and myosin filaments. They are paracrystalline contractile cables with unusually well-defined dimensions. The sliding of actin past myosin filaments powers contractions, and the entire system is held in place by a structure called the Z-disc, which anchors the actin filaments. Myosin filaments, in turn, are anchored to another structure called the M-line. Most of the complex architecture of myofibrils can be reduced to studying the Z-disc, and recently, important advances regarding the arrangement and function of Z-discs in insects have been published. On a very small scale, we have detailed protein structure information. At the medium scale, we have cryo-electron microscopy maps, super-resolution microscopy and protein-protein interaction networks, while at the functional scale, phenotypic data are available from precise genetic manipulations. All these data aim to answer how the Z-disc works and how it is assembled. Here, we summarize recent data from insects and explore how it fits into our view of the Z-disc, myofibrils and, ultimately, muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Schöck
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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17
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Zhao Y, Ding S, Todoh M. Validate the force-velocity relation of the Hill's muscle model from a molecular perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1006571. [PMID: 36312549 PMCID: PMC9614041 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1006571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Zhao
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shihang Ding
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Todoh
- Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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McMillan SN, Scarff CA. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of myosin at work and at rest. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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