1
|
Lobo E, Bajagai YS, Kayal A, Ramirez S, Nikolić A, Valientes R, Stanley D. Precision Glycan Supplementation Improves Gut Microbiota Diversity, Performance, and Disease Outbreak Resistance in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:32. [PMID: 38200763 PMCID: PMC10778076 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry contributes significantly to the global meat industry but faces many production challenges like high-density housing, welfare issues, and pathogenic infections. While antibiotics have commonly been used to treat many of these issues, they are being removed from poultry production globally due to increased microbial resistance. Precision glycans offer a viable alternative to antibiotics by modulating microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of precision glycan supplementation on productivity and gut microbiota in broilers. The experiment was conducted in a commercial setting using 32,400 male Ross chickens randomly divided into three sheds with 10,800 birds each. One shed with 12 pen replicates of 900 birds was used as control, while the other two with an equal number of replicates and birds were assigned to precision glycan supplementation. The treatment significantly improved the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, with a significant modification in the abundance of several bacterial taxa in the caecum, ileum, and ileum mucosa microbial communities. There was increased richness and diversity in the caecum, with a reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes. Richness remained unchanged in the ileum, with an increase in diversity and reduction in pathogenic genera like Clostridium and Escherichia-Shigella. Ileum mucosa showed a lower abundance of mucin degraders and an increased presence of next-generation probiotics. Supplemented birds showed a high level of disease resistance when the farm experienced an outbreak of infectious bronchitis, evidenced by lower mortality. Histological analysis confirmed improvements in the ileum and liver health, where the precision glycan supplementation reduced the area of congested sinusoids compared to the control group in the liver and significantly improved ileum intestinal morphology by increasing crypt depth and surface area. These results collectively suggest that precision glycans offer substantial benefits in poultry production by improving productivity, gut health, and disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lobo
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Yadav S. Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Advait Kayal
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Anja Nikolić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Zheng X, Li L, Huang L, Huang W, Ma Y. Peptide-Based Therapeutic HPV Cancer Vaccine Synthesized via Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4541-4554. [PMID: 37576463 PMCID: PMC10422965 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peptide-based vaccines have broad application prospects because of their safety, simple preparation, and effectiveness, especially in the development of personalized cancer vaccines, which have shown great advantages. However, the current peptide-based vaccines often require artificial synthesis and intricate delivery technology, which increases the cost and complexity of preparation. Methods Here, we developed a simple technique for combining a peptide and a delivery system using the natural secretion system of bacteria. Specifically, we biosynthesized an antigenic peptide in bacteria, which was then extracellularly released through the bacterial secretory vesicles, thus simultaneously achieving the biosynthesis and delivery of the peptide. Results The system utilizes the natural properties of bacterial vesicles to promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Therefore, tumor-specific CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were induced in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice, thereby efficiently suppressing tumor growth. Conclusion This research promotes innovation and extends the application of peptide-based vaccine biosynthesis technology. Importantly, it provides a new method for personalized cancer immunotherapy that uses screened peptides as antigens in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingjue Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Streety X, Obike JC, Townsend SD. A Hitchhiker's Guide to Problem Selection in Carbohydrate Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1285-1296. [PMID: 37521800 PMCID: PMC10375882 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are ubiquitous in molecular biology and are used for functions ranging from governing protein folding to intercellular communication. Perhaps paradoxically, the exact role of the glycan in most of these settings is not well understood. One reason for this contradiction concerns the fact that carbohydrates often appear in heterogeneous form in nature. These mixtures complicate the isolation of pure material and characterization of structure-activity relationships. As a result, a major bottleneck in glycoscience research is the synthesis and modification of pure materials. While synthetic and chemoenzymatic methods have enabled access to homogeneous tool compounds, a central problem, particularly for newer synthetic chemists, is the matter of problem selection. This outlook aims to provide an entry level overview of fundamental principles in carbohydrate chemistry with an eye toward enabling solutions to frontier challenges.
Collapse
|
4
|
Berois N, Pittini A, Osinaga E. Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030645. [PMID: 35158915 PMCID: PMC8833780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of many cancers, and it plays crucial roles in tumor development and biology. Cancer progression can be regulated by several physiopathological processes controlled by glycosylation, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix interaction, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), which are suitable for selective cancer targeting, as well as novel antitumor immunotherapy approaches. This review summarizes the strategies developed in cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, analyzing molecular and cellular mechanisms and state-of-the-art methods in clinical oncology. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis antigens, and polysialic acid. In this review, we analyze strategies for cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, including different antibody developments, the production of vaccines, and the generation of CAR-T cells. Some approaches have been approved for clinical use, such as anti-GD2 antibodies. Moreover, in terms of the antitumor mechanisms against different TACAs, we show results of selected clinical trials, considering the horizons that have opened up as a result of recent developments in technologies used for cancer control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alvaro Pittini
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thurin M. Tumor-Associated Glycans as Targets for Immunotherapy: The Wistar Institute Experience/Legacy. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:89-100. [PMID: 34161162 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are characterized by the expression of tumor-specific carbohydrate structures that differ from their normal counterparts. Carbohydrates on tumor cells have phenotypical as well as functional implications, impacting the tumor progression process, from malignant transformation to metastasis formation. Importantly, carbohydrates are structures that play a role in receptor-ligand interaction and elicit the activity of growth factor receptors, integrins, lectins, and other type 1 transmembrane proteins. They have been recognized as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, and evidence demonstrating their relevance as targets for anticancer therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, continues to accumulate. Different approaches targeting carbohydrates include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody (Ab)-drug conjugates, vaccines, and adhesion antagonists. Development of bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) as promising cancer immunotherapeutic agents is rapidly evolving. As reviewed here, there are several cancer-associated glycan features that can be leveraged to design rational drug or immune system targets, applying multiple TACA structural and functional features to be targeted as the standard treatment paradigm. Many of the underlying targets were defined by researchers at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which provide basis for different immunotherapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Thurin
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Liu J, Wu Z, Chen L, Wang S, Wang P. Photo-cleavable purification/protection handle assisted synthesis of giant modified proteins with tandem repeats. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8694-8700. [PMID: 31803444 PMCID: PMC6849634 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins with tandem repeats have essential physical or biological roles in cells and have been widely investigated as biomaterials or vaccines. Chemically derived proteins with tandem repeats would be beneficial for research, owing to their accurate structures, possibly with precise modifications, produced by chemical synthesis. Traditional protein synthesis often leads to severe handling loss due to multiple ligations and HPLC purifications. To improve the protein synthesis efficiency, we developed a purification/protection handle consisting of a His6 tag and a photo-labile linker. This handle has great potential to facilitate purification with immobilized metal affinity chromatography techniques and also provides orthogonal protection for N-terminal Cys. The synthesis of the model proteins Muc1 and antifreeze glycoprotein mimics shows that the handle decreases the requirement for HPLC and enables both convergent and sequential assembly of peptide segments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China .
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Ministry of Education , College of Fisheries and Life Science , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Ministry of Education , College of Fisheries and Life Science , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China .
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goyard D, Thomas B, Gillon E, Imberty A, Renaudet O. Heteroglycoclusters With Dual Nanomolar Affinities for the Lectins LecA and LecB From Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Chem 2019; 7:666. [PMID: 31632954 PMCID: PMC6783499 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent structures displaying different instead of similar sugar units, namely heteroglycoclusters (hGCs), are stimulating the efforts of glycochemists for developing compounds with new biological properties. Here we report a four-step strategy to synthesize hexadecavalent hGCs displaying eight copies of αFuc and βGal. These compounds were tested for the binding to lectins LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While parent fucosylated (19) and galactosylated (20) homoclusters present nanomolar affinity with LecB and LecA, respectively, we observed that hGCs combining these sugars (11 and 13) maintain their binding potency with both lectins despite the presence of an unspecific sugar. The added multivalency is therefore not a barrier for efficient recognition by bacterial receptors and it opens the route for adding different sugars that can be selected for their immunomodulatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Emilie Gillon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Da Silva DM, Skeate JG, Chavez-Juan E, Lühen KP, Wu JM, Wu CM, Kast WM, Hwang K. Therapeutic efficacy of a human papillomavirus type 16 E7 bacterial exotoxin fusion protein adjuvanted with CpG or GPI-0100 in a preclinical mouse model for HPV-associated disease. Vaccine 2019; 37:2915-2924. [PMID: 31010714 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causally linked to the development of several human cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. To address the need for a therapeutic vaccine against HPV-associated diseases, here we test and compare the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of a bacterial exotoxin fusion protein covalently linked to the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein adjuvanted with CpG or GPI-0100 in the C3.43 preclinical HPV16-transformed tumor model. We show that TVGV-1 protein vaccine adjuvanted with either CpG or GPI-0100 adjuvant induces a high frequency of E7-specific CD8+ T cells, and both adjuvants are able to assist the immune response in inducing polyfunctional cytokine-secreting lytic T cells that show therapeutic efficacy against well-established C3.43 tumors. CpG-adjuvanted TVGV-1 resulted in higher frequencies of IFNγ secreting and degranulating E7-specific T cells compared to GPI-0100-adjuvanted TVGV-1, resulting in marginally increased in vivo efficacy. Despite minor differences in immune response outcomes, we consider both CpG ODN and GPI-0100 to be promising vaccine adjuvants to increase the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of the TVGV-1 protein for HPV16-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Da Silva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Elena Chavez-Juan
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kim P Lühen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiun-Ming Wu
- TheVax Genetics Vaccine Co., Ltd, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Mao Wu
- TheVax Genetics Vaccine Co., Ltd, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - KinKai Hwang
- TheVax Genetics Vaccine Co., Ltd, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anomeric O-Functionalization of Carbohydrates for Chemical Conjugation to Vaccine Constructs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071742. [PMID: 30018207 PMCID: PMC6099650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates mediate a wide range of biological interactions, and understanding these processes benefits the development of new therapeutics. Isolating sufficient quantities of glycoconjugates from biological samples remains a significant challenge. With advances in chemical and enzymatic carbohydrate synthesis, the availability of complex carbohydrates is increasing and developing methods for stereoselective conjugation these polar head groups to proteins and lipids is critically important for pharmaceutical applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of commonly employed strategies for installing a functionalized linker at the anomeric position as well as examples of further transformations that have successfully led to glycoconjugation to vaccine constructs for biological evaluation as carbohydrate-based therapeutics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pifferi C, Berthet N, Renaudet O. Cyclopeptide scaffolds in carbohydrate-based synthetic vaccines. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:953-965. [PMID: 28275765 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopeptides have been recently used successfully as carriers for the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate and peptide antigens in immunotherapy. Beside their synthetic versatility, these scaffolds are indeed interesting due to their stability against enzyme degradation and low immunogenicity. This mini-review highlights the recent advances in the utilization of cyclopeptides to prepare fully synthetic vaccines prototypes against cancers and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pifferi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Nathalie Berthet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pifferi C, Thomas B, Goyard D, Berthet N, Renaudet O. Heterovalent Glycodendrimers as Epitope Carriers for Antitumor Synthetic Vaccines. Chemistry 2017; 23:16283-16296. [PMID: 28845889 PMCID: PMC6175327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The large majority of TACA-based (TACA=Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens) antitumor vaccines target only one carbohydrate antigen, thereby often resulting in the incomplete destruction of cancer cells. However, the morphological heterogeneity of the tumor glycocalix, which is in constant evolution during malignant transformation, is a crucial point to consider in the design of vaccine candidates. In this paper, an efficient synthetic strategy based on orthogonal chemoselective ligations to prepare fully synthetic glycosylated cyclopeptide scaffolds grafted with both Tn and TF antigen analogues is reported. To evaluate their ability to be recognized as tumor antigens, direct interaction ELISA assays have been performed with the anti-Tn monoclonal antibody 9A7. Although both heterovalent structures showed binding capacities with 9A7, the presence of the second TF epitope did not interfere with the recognition of Tn except in one epitope arrangement. This heterovalent glycosylated structure thus represents an attractive epitope carrier to be further functionalized with T-cell peptide epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pifferi
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSDCM UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
| | | | - David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSDCM UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
| | | | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSDCM UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France103 boulevard Saint-Michel75005ParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ting CY, Lin YW, Wu CY, Wong CH. Design of Disaccharide Modules for a Programmable One-Pot Synthesis of Building Blocks with LacNAc Repeating Units for Asymmetric N-Glycans. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yueh Ting
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Daan District Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Daan District Taipei 106 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Müller C, Despras G, Lindhorst TK. Organizing multivalency in carbohydrate recognition. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3275-302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Li L, Liu Y, Ma C, Qu J, Calderon AD, Wu B, Wei N, Wang X, Guo Y, Xiao Z, Song J, Sugiarto G, Li Y, Yu H, Chen X, Wang PG. Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5652-5661. [PMID: 26417422 PMCID: PMC4583208 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries is essential to help on solving these tasks. We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. Each of these core structures was then extended to 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases. Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. A total of 73 N-glycans (63 isomers) were successfully prepared and characterized by MS2 and NMR. The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jingyao Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Angie D Calderon
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Baolin Wu
- Chemily, LLC, 58 Edgewood Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Zhongying Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Go Sugiarto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
MUC1 is a glycoprotein that is overexpressed in tumor cells. In normal cells it forms a protective layer against microbes and toxic chemicals, besides providing lubrication on ductal surfaces. Oversecretion of MUC1 provide cancer cells with invasiveness, metastasis, and resistance to death induced by reactive oxygen species. MUC1 is made up of 2 heterodimers, MUC1-N and MUC1-C. MUC1-N is heavily glycosylated at 5 regions of the variable N-tandem repeats. MUC1-C is divisible into extracellular, intracellular, and cytoplasmic domain (MUC1-C/CD). The extracellular domain serves as a docking site for epidermal growth factor receptors and other receptor kinases; the transmembrane domain serves to relay messages from extracellular to MUC1-C/CD. The MUC1-C/CD has 5 phosphorylating sites that on interacting with the SH2 domain of specific proteins can stimulate tumor growth. Therapies targeting MUC1 consists of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), vaccines, or small molecules (aptamers). MAb therapies are mainly aimed at MUC1-N with little success, however, new generation of MAb are being developed for MUC1-C. Vaccines (peptide, carbohydrate, glycopeptide, DNA, and dendritic cell) have been developed that recognizes the aberrant glycosylated region of the variable N-tandem repeats in MUC1-N, whereas new generation vaccines are aimed at the cytoplasmic region of MUC1-C. Aptamers (peptides that resemble DNA, RNA) have been used for blocking the dimerization of CQC region and the 5 phosphorylating region of MUC1-C. In addition, aptamers have been used as cytotoxic drug carriers. However, none of the therapies for MUC1 are currently in clinical application, as they need further refinement and evaluation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Amon R, Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Padler-Karavani V. Glycans in immune recognition and response. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:115-22. [PMID: 24680512 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans at the forefront of cells facilitate immune recognition processes. Cancer cells commonly present altered cell surface glycosylation, especially manifested in the expression of sialic acid at the termini of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Although tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) result in expression of altered-self, most such carbohydrates do not elicit strong humoral responses. Various strategies had been devised to elicit increased immunogenicity of such TACA aiming for potent immunotherapeutic antibodies or cancer vaccines. However some carbohydrates are immunogenic in humans and hold potential for novel glycotherapies. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a foreign immunogenic sugar in humans originating from the diet (e.g., red meat) and subsequently expressed on the cell surface, especially accumulating on carcinoma. Consequently, the human immune system detects this non-self carbohydrate generating a broad anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. The co-existence of Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc within humans spurs chronic inflammation mediated disease, including cancer. Concurrently, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies hold potential for novel targeted therapy. αGal is another foreign immunogenic carbohydrate antigen in humans and all humans have circulating anti-Gal antibodies. This review aims to describe the immunogenicity of Neu5Gc and its implications for human diseases, highlighting differences and similarities with αGal and its potential for novel targeted theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiménez Blanco JL, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Multivalency in heterogeneous glycoenvironments: hetero-glycoclusters, -glycopolymers and -glycoassemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4518-31. [PMID: 22911174 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite efficiently imitating functional ligand presentations in terms of valency and density, most of the reported multivalent carbohydrate prototypes barely reflect the inherent heterogeneity of biological systems, therefore underestimating the potential contribution of synergistic or antagonistic effects to molecular recognition events. To address this question, the design of novel molecular and supramolecular entities displaying different saccharide motifs in a controlled manner is of critical importance. In this review we highlight the current efforts made to synthesize heteromultivalent glycosystems on different platforms (peptides, dendrimers, polymers, oligonucleotides, calixarenes, cyclodextrins, microarrays, vesicles) and to evaluate the influence of heterogeneity in carbohydrate-protein (lectin, antibody) recognition phenomena. Although the number of publications on this topic is limited as compared to the huge volume of reports on homomultivalent sugar displays, the current body of results has already unravelled the existence of new binding mechanisms that operate in heterogeneous environments whose exact biological significance remains to be unveiled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Jiménez Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, E-41071 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shivatare SS, Chang SH, Tsai TI, Ren CT, Chuang HY, Hsu L, Lin CW, Li ST, Wu CY, Wong CH. Efficient convergent synthesis of bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary complex type N-glycans and their HIV-1 antigenicity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15382-91. [PMID: 24032650 DOI: 10.1021/ja409097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The structural diversity of glycoproteins often comes from post-translational glycosylation with heterogeneous N-glycans. Understanding the complexity of glycans related to various biochemical processes demands a well-defined synthetic sugar library. We report herein a unified convergent strategy for the rapid production of bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary complex type N-glycans with and without terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid residues connected via the α-2,6 or α-2,3 linkages. Moreover, using sialyltransferases to install sialic acid can minimize synthetic steps through the use of shared intermediates to simplify the complicated procedures associated with conventional sialic acid chemistry. Furthermore, these synthetic complex oligosaccharides were compiled to create a glycan array for the profiling of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies PG9 and PG16 that were isolated from HIV infected donors. From the study of antibody PG16, we identified potential natural and unnatural glycan ligands, which may facilitate the design of carbohydrate-based immunogens and hasten the HIV vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. A vision for vaccines built from fully synthetic tumor-associated antigens: from the laboratory to the clinic. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14462-72. [PMID: 23944352 PMCID: PMC3826082 DOI: 10.1021/ja405932r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells may be distinguished from normal cells by cell surface displays of aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate domains. Accordingly, these tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent promising target structures for the design of anticancer vaccines. Over the past 20 years, our laboratory has sought to use the tools of chemical synthesis to develop TACA-based anticancer vaccine candidates. We provide herein a personal accounting of our laboratory's progress toward the long-standing goal of developing clinically viable fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fiore M, Thomas B, Duléry V, Dumy P, Renaudet O. Synthesis of multi-antigenic platforms as vaccine candidates against cancers. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Are there general rules to obtain efficient immunization against carbohydrate antigens? Thanks to technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry we entered a new era in which the rational design of carbohydrate vaccines has become an achievable goal. The aim of this Tutorial Review is to present the most recent accomplishments in the field of semi and fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines against viruses, bacteria and cancer. It is also pointed out that the understanding of the chemical and biochemical processes related to immunization allows the modern chemist to rationally design carbohydrate vaccines with improved efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines: target cancer with sugar bullets. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:259-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
23
|
D’Amelio N, Coslovi A, Rossi M, Uggeri F, Paoletti S. Understanding the structural specificity of Tn antigen for its receptor: an NMR solution study. Carbohydr Res 2012; 351:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Ryan SO, Cobb BA. Roles for major histocompatibility complex glycosylation in immune function. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:425-41. [PMID: 22461020 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoprotein family, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens, present endogenous and exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes for recognition and response. These molecules play a central role in enabling the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, which is the basis for protective immunity against pathogenic infections and disease while at the same time representing a serious obstacle for tissue transplantation. All known MHC family members, like the majority of secreted, cell surface, and other immune-related molecules, carry asparagine (N)-linked glycans. The immune system has evolved increasing complexity in higher-order organisms along with a more complex pattern of protein glycosylation, a relationship that may contribute to immune function beyond the early protein quality control events in the endoplasmic reticulum that are commonly known. The broad MHC family maintains peptide sequence motifs for glycosylation at sites that are highly conserved across evolution, suggesting importance, yet functional roles for these glycans remain largely elusive. In this review, we will summarize what is known about MHC glycosylation and provide new insight for additional functional roles for this glycoprotein modification in mediating immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean O Ryan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
29
|
Abstract
The role for adjuvants in human vaccines has been a matter of vigorous scientific debate, with the field hindered by the fact that for over 80 years, aluminum salts were the only adjuvants approved for human use. To this day, alum-based adjuvants, alone or combined with additional immune activators, remain the only adjuvants approved for use in the USA. This situation has not been helped by the fact that the mechanism of action of most adjuvants has been poorly understood. A relative lack of resources and funding for adjuvant development has only helped to maintain alum's relative monopoly. To seriously challenge alum's supremacy a new adjuvant has many major hurdles to overcome, not least being alum's simplicity, tolerability, safety record and minimal cost. Carbohydrate structures play critical roles in immune system function and carbohydrates also have the virtue of a strong safety and tolerability record. A number of carbohydrate compounds from plant, bacterial, yeast and synthetic sources have emerged as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates. Carbohydrates are readily biodegradable and therefore unlikely to cause problems of long-term tissue deposits seen with alum adjuvants. Above all, the Holy Grail of human adjuvant development is to identify a compound that combines potent vaccine enhancement with maximum tolerability and safety. This has proved to be a tough challenge for many adjuvant contenders. Nevertheless, carbohydrate-based compounds have many favorable properties that could place them in a unique position to challenge alum's monopoly over human vaccine usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Petrovsky
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042 Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Morelli L, Poletti L, Lay L. Carbohydrates and Immunology: Synthetic Oligosaccharide Antigens for Vaccine Formulation. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Poletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CISI and ISTM‐CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu J, Warren JD, Danishefsky SJ. Synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:1399-413. [PMID: 19803761 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignantly transformed cells can express aberrant cell surface glycosylation patterns, which serve to distinguish them from normal cells. This phenotype provides an opportunity for the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines, properly introduced through vaccination of a subject with a suitable construct, should be recognized by the immune system. Antibodies induced against these carbohydrate antigens could then participate in the eradication of carbohydrate-displaying tumor cells. Advances in carbohydrate synthetic capabilities have allowed us to efficiently prepare a range of complex, synthetic anticancer vaccine candidates. We describe herein the progression of our longstanding carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine program, which is now at the threshold of clinical evaluation in several contexts. Our carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine program has evolved through a number of stages: monomeric vaccines, monomeric clustered vaccines, unimolecular multi-antigenic vaccines and dual-acting vaccines. This account will focus on our recently developed unimolecular multi-antigenic constructs and potential dual-acting constructs, which contain clusters of both carbohydrate and peptide epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Zhu
- Research Fellow, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jeon I, Lee D, Krauss IJ, Danishefsky SJ. A new model for the presentation of tumor-associated antigens and the quest for an anticancer vaccine: a solution to the synthesis challenge via ring-closing metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14337-44. [PMID: 19746915 DOI: 10.1021/ja9052625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fully synthetic, carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine candidates have been synthesized in highly clustered modes. Multiple copies of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, Tn and STn, were assembled on a single cyclic peptide scaffold in a highly convergent manner. Ring-closing metathesis-mediated incorporation of an internal cross-linker was also demonstrated. In particular, this rigidified cross-linked construct would enhance a cluster-recognizing antibody response by retaining an appropriate distance between glycans attached to the peptide platform. Details of the design and synthesis of highly clustered antigens are described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Insik Jeon
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rosen BM, Wilson CJ, Wilson DA, Peterca M, Imam MR, Percec V. Dendron-Mediated Self-Assembly, Disassembly, and Self-Organization of Complex Systems. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6275-540. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900157q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad M. Rosen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Buskas T, Thompson P, Boons GJ. Immunotherapy for cancer: synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5335-49. [PMID: 19724783 PMCID: PMC2787243 DOI: 10.1039/b908664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids of cancer cells, which correlates with poor survival rates, is being exploited for the development of immunotherapies for cancer. In particular, advances in the knowledge of cooperation between the innate and adaptive system combined with the implementation of efficient synthetic methods for assembly of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides is providing avenues for the rationale design of vaccine candidates. In this respect, fully synthetic vaccine candidates show great promise because they incorporate only those elements requires for relevant immune responses, and hence do not suffer from immune suppression observed with classical carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines. Such vaccines are chemically well-defined and it is to be expected that they can be produced in a reproducible fashion. In this feature article, recent advances in the development of fully synthetic sub-unit carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Buskas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stallforth P, Lepenies B, Adibekian A, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates: A Frontier in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5561-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900819p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Stallforth
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shao C, Chen S, Chen L, Cobos E, Wang JS, Haab BB, Gao W. Antibody microarray analysis of serum glycans in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases and controls. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:923-31. [PMID: 21136996 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee D, Danishefsky SJ. "Biologic" level structures through chemistry: A total synthesis of a unimolecular pentavalent MUCI glycopeptide construct. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:2167-2170. [PMID: 21423786 PMCID: PMC3059311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of a unimolecular pentavalent-MUC1 glycopeptide has been accomplished. A tandem repeat of unglycosylated human tumor-associated MUC1, a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, was incorporated into the known unimolecular pentavalent carbohydrate construct (5). This is an important step towards the development of a new fully synthetic anti-cancer vaccine candidate (1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Lee
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Christensen PA, Danielczyk A, Ravn P, Larsen M, Stahn R, Karsten U, Goletz S. Modifying Antibody Specificity by Chain Shuffling of VH / VLbetween Antibodies with Related Specificities. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
39
|
Karanam B, Gambhira R, Peng S, Jagu S, Kim DJ, Ketner GW, Stern PL, Adams RJ, Roden RBS. Vaccination with HPV16 L2E6E7 fusion protein in GPI-0100 adjuvant elicits protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 2008; 27:1040-9. [PMID: 19095032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A vaccine comprising human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) L2, E6 and E7 in a single tandem fusion protein (termed TA-CIN) has the potential advantages of both broad cross-protection against HPV transmission through induction of L2 antibodies able to cross neutralize different HPV types and of therapy by stimulating T cell responses targeting HPV16 early proteins. However, patients vaccinated with TA-CIN alone develop weak HPV neutralizing antibody and E6/E7-specific T cell responses. Here we test TA-CIN formulated along with the adjuvant GPI-0100, a semi-synthetic quillaja saponin analog that was developed to promote both humoral and cellular immune responses. Subcutaneous administration to mice of TA-CIN (20 microg) with 50microg GPI-0100, three times at biweekly intervals, elicited high titer HPV16 neutralizing serum antibody, robust neutralizing titers for other HPV16-related types, including HPV31 and HPV58, and neutralized to a lesser extent other genital mucosatropic papillomaviruses like HPV18, HPV45, HPV6 and HPV11. Notably, vaccination with TA-CIN in GPI-0100 protected mice from cutaneous HPV16 challenge as effectively as HPV16 L1 VLP without adjuvant. Formulation of TA-CIN with GPI-0100 enhanced the production of E7-specific, interferon gamma producing CD8(+) T cell precursors by 20-fold. Vaccination with TA-CIN in GPI-0100 also completely prevented tumor growth after challenge with 5x10(4) HPV16-transformed TC-1 tumor cells, whereas vaccination with TA-CIN alone delayed tumor growth. Furthermore, three monthly vaccinations with 125 microg of TA-CIN and 1000 microg GPI-0100 were well tolerated by pigtail macaques and induced both HPV16 E6/E7-specific T cell responses and serum antibodies that neutralized all HPV types tested.
Collapse
|
40
|
Niederhafner P, Reinis M, Sebestík J, Jezek J. Glycopeptide dendrimers, part III: a review. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers in immunotherapy and diagnosis of cancer and viral diseases. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:556-87. [PMID: 18275089 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide dendrimers containing different types of tumor associated-carbohydrate antigens (T(N), TF, sialyl-T(N), sialyl-TF, sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-Le(a) etc.) were used in diagnosis and therapy of different sorts of cancer. These dendrimeric structures with incorporated T-cell epitopes and adjuvants can be used as antitumor vaccines. Best results were obtained with multiantigenic vaccines, containing, e.g. five or six different TAAs. The topic of TAAs and their dendrimeric forms at molecular level are reviewed, including structure, syntheses, and biological activities. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers as antiviral vaccines against HIV and influenza is also described. Their syntheses, physico-chemical properties, and biological activities are given with many examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ozawa C, Katayama H, Hojo H, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y. Efficient Sequential Segment Coupling Using N-Alkylcysteine-Assisted Thioesterification for Glycopeptide Dendrimer Synthesis. Org Lett 2008; 10:3531-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801340m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Ozawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Su DM, Eguchi H, Yi W, Li L, Wang PG, Xia C. Enzymatic synthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Globo-H hexasaccharide. Org Lett 2008; 10:1009-12. [PMID: 18254640 DOI: 10.1021/ol703121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the enzymatic synthesis of an important tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, Globo-H hexasaccharide. Starting with Lac-OBn as the initial acceptor, this approach employs three glycosyltransferases: LgtC, an alpha1,4-galactosyltransferase; LgtD, a bifunctional beta1,3-galactosyl/beta1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; and WbsJ, an alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase. In addition, two epimerases, GalE and WbgU, were also employed for the generation of more expensive sugar nucleotides, UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc, from their corresponding inexpensive C4 epimers. This study represents a facile enzymatic synthesis of the Globo-H antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris M Su
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Miermont A, Barnhill H, Strable E, Lu X, Wall KA, Wang Q, Finn MG, Huang X. Cowpea mosaic virus capsid: a promising carrier for the development of carbohydrate based antitumor vaccines. Chemistry 2008. [PMID: 18431733 PMCID: PMC2729768 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting tumor cell surface carbohydrates is a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenecity of carbohydrates presents a formidable challenge. We describe here the enhancement of carbohydrate immunogenicity by an ordered display on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid. The Tn glycan, which is overexpressed on numerous cancer cell surfaces, was selected as the model antigen for our study. Previously it has been shown that it is difficult to induce a strong T cell-dependent immune response against the monomeric form of Tn presented in several ways on different carriers. In this study, we first synthesized Tn antigens derivatized with either a maleimide or a bromoacetamide moiety that was conjugated selectively to a cysteine mutant of CPMV. The glycoconjugate was then injected into mice and pre- and post-immune antibody levels in the mice sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. High total antibody titers and, more importantly, high IgG titers specific for Tn were obtained in the post-immune day 35 serum, suggesting the induction of T cell-dependent antibody isotype switching by the glycoconjugate. The antibodies generated were able to recognize Tn antigens presented in their native conformations on the surfaces of both MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line NCI-ADR RES. These results suggest that the CPMV capsid can greatly enhance the immunogenicity of weak antigens such as Tn and this can provide a promising tool for the development of carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Miermont
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-530-4033,
| | - Hannah Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Erica Strable
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-8850,
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-530-4033,
| | - Katherine A. Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 606, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA)
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - M. G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-8850,
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-530-4033,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Miermont A, Barnhill H, Strable E, Lu X, Wall KA, Wang Q, Finn MG, Huang X. Cowpea mosaic virus capsid: a promising carrier for the development of carbohydrate based antitumor vaccines. Chemistry 2008; 14:4939-47. [PMID: 18431733 PMCID: PMC2729768 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting tumor cell surface carbohydrates is a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenecity of carbohydrates presents a formidable challenge. We describe here the enhancement of carbohydrate immunogenicity by an ordered display on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid. The Tn glycan, which is overexpressed on numerous cancer cell surfaces, was selected as the model antigen for our study. Previously it has been shown that it is difficult to induce a strong T cell-dependent immune response against the monomeric form of Tn presented in several ways on different carriers. In this study, we first synthesized Tn antigens derivatized with either a maleimide or a bromoacetamide moiety that was conjugated selectively to a cysteine mutant of CPMV. The glycoconjugate was then injected into mice and pre- and post-immune antibody levels in the mice sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. High total antibody titers and, more importantly, high IgG titers specific for Tn were obtained in the post-immune day 35 serum, suggesting the induction of T cell-dependent antibody isotype switching by the glycoconjugate. The antibodies generated were able to recognize Tn antigens presented in their native conformations on the surfaces of both MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line NCI-ADR RES. These results suggest that the CPMV capsid can greatly enhance the immunogenicity of weak antigens such as Tn and this can provide a promising tool for the development of carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Miermont
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-530-4033,
| | - Hannah Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Erica Strable
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-8850,
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-530-4033,
| | - Katherine A. Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 606, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA)
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - M. G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-8850,
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-530-4033,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ouerfelli O, Warren JD, Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. Synthetic carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 4:677-85. [PMID: 16221069 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.5.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of a clinically effective, carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine is a longstanding ambition in the prevention and treatment of cancer. This review seeks to provide a discussion of some of the unique challenges facing this particular field of immunology. The authors present a historic account of their ongoing research program devoted to the development of fully synthetic, carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines of clinical value. As will be seen, remarkable advances in carbohydrate and glycopeptide assembly techniques have allowed for the preparation of synthetic constructs of progressively increasing structural complexity. The authors describe the evolution of their synthetic carbohydrate program from first-generation constructs, which were monovalent in nature, to highly complex unimolecular multivalent vaccines, in which multiple carbohydrate antigens are displayed in the context of a single polypeptide backbone. It is the hope that each generation of vaccines represents a move closer to achieving the ultimate objective of developing broadly useful, robust anticancer vaccines.
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu H, Chokhawala HA, Varki A, Chen X. Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotinylated human serum albumin-sialoglycoside conjugates containing O-acetylated sialic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2458-63. [PMID: 17637967 PMCID: PMC2769491 DOI: 10.1039/b706507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl Tn (STn) and sialyl lactoside derivatives containing O-acetylated sialic acid residues have been chemoenzymatically synthesized using a one-pot three-enzyme system and conjugated to biotinylated human serum albumin (HSA) using an adipic acid para-nitrophenyl ester coupling reagent. This approach provides an efficient and general protocol for preparing carbohydrate-protein conjugates containing base-sensitive groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Fax: 01 530 752 8995; Tel: 01 530 754 6037; E-mail:
| | - Harshal A. Chokhawala
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Fax: 01 530 752 8995; Tel: 01 530 754 6037; E-mail:
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Fax: 01 530 752 8995; Tel: 01 530 754 6037; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lu Y, Xu LC, Parker N, Westrick E, Reddy JA, Vetzel M, Low PS, Leamon CP. Preclinical pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and antitumor activity of a folate-hapten conjugate-targeted immunotherapy in hapten-immunized mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 5:3258-67. [PMID: 17172429 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) represents a useful ligand for targeted cancer therapies because it binds to a common epithelial tumor antigen known as the folate receptor. We previously devised an immunotherapy strategy that uses a bispecific ligand, a folate-hapten (FITC) conjugate, to redirect endogenously induced anti-FITC antibodies to folate receptor-positive tumor cells following parenteral administration. Here, we present results from preclinical pharmacokinetic and tissue biodistribution studies using a radioactive folate-FITC conjugate and results from dose optimization studies done in tumor-bearing animals. Folate-FITC was found to be rapidly eliminated in non-immunized mice; however, in immunized hosts, folate-FITC was shown to form immune complexes with FITC-specific antibodies, the consequence of which was a approximately 173-fold increase in drug exposure (i.e., area under the curve). Using a newly developed ELISA assay, the extent of circulating anti-FITC antibodies occupied by parenterally given folate-FITC was determined to be proportional to the given dose. Furthermore, high doses of folate-FITC were found to promote the cosaturation of tumor cell surface folate receptors and circulating FITC-specific antibodies, blocking the immune recognition of tumor cells and thereby reducing antitumor activity. Nonetheless, by extending the duration of treatment and administering subsaturating doses of folate-FITC, enhanced antitumor response was observed in mice bearing established folate receptor-positive M109 tumors. Overall, results from the present study may help to guide clinicians through on-going clinical investigations of folate-targeted immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Lu
- Endocyte, Inc., Suite A1-100, 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Christensen PA, Danielczyk A, Ravn P, Stahn R, Karsten U, Goletz S. A Monoclonal Antibody to Lewis Y/Lewis b Revealing Mimicry of the Histone H1 to Carbohydrate Structures. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:362-7. [PMID: 17386027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to either peptide or carbohydrate tumour antigens are established tools for diagnostics and therapy. We here describe an antibody (A70-A/A9) recognizing a carbohydrate epitope common to the tumour-associated Lewis Y and Lewis b antigens (Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4/3[Fucalpha1-3/4]GlcNAcbeta-). Its specificity was established without doubt with a panel of 86 synthetic mono- and oligosaccharidic structures. This antibody was found to cross-react with the nuclear protein histone H1. Binding to H1 was specific, periodate-insensitive (non-carbohydrate) and saturable. Histone H1 was able to inhibit Lewis Y binding very effectively in a concentration-dependent manner. We conclude that it represents an example of natural peptide mimicry of a carbohydrate epitope. It may explain the observed occurrence of 'anti-histone autoantibodies' in cancer patients.
Collapse
|
49
|
Hellmuth H, Hillringhaus L, Höbbel S, Kralj S, Dijkhuizen L, Seibel J. Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Novel Branched Thiooligosaccharides by Substrate Direction with Glucansucrases. Chembiochem 2007; 8:273-6. [PMID: 17219452 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hellmuth
- Technical Chemistry, Department for Carbohydrate Technology, Technical University Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer Strasse 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mulard L. Sucres et vaccins : du polysaccharide purifié au glycoconjugué semi-synthétique. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2007; 65:14-32. [PMID: 17299349 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(07)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, capsular polysaccharides have been successfully used as antibacterial vaccines. Marketing several polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines filled the gap in many areas of children and infant vaccination. By facilitating access to structures of increasing complexity, recent progress in glycochemistry has enabled the design of more and more precisely defined glycoconjugate vaccines using synthetic saccharide components which mimic epitopes naturally implicated in protection. This strategy was recently validated in humans. It opens the way to new perspectives in vaccine research devoted to prophylactic and/or therapeutic applications against bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral infections, and certain cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mulard
- Unité de Chimie Organique, Ura Cnrs 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr Roux F 75724 Paris Cedex 15.
| |
Collapse
|