1
|
Backofen R, Altawil AYA, Salvalaglio M, Voigt A. Nonequilibrium hyperuniform states in active turbulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320719121. [PMID: 38848299 PMCID: PMC11181138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320719121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the complex spatiotemporal structure in active fluids can feature characteristics of hyperuniformity. Using a hydrodynamic model, we show that the transition from hyperuniformity to nonhyperuniformity and antihyperuniformity depends on the strength of active forcing and can be related to features of active turbulence without and with scaling characteristics of inertial turbulence. Combined with identified signatures of Levy walks and nonuniversal diffusion in these systems, this allows for a biological interpretation and the speculation of nonequilibrium hyperuniform states in active fluids as optimal states with respect to robustness and strategies of evasion and foraging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Backofen
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
| | - Abdelrahman Y. A. Altawil
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
| | - Marco Salvalaglio
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
- Dresden Centre for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
- Dresden Centre for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
- Center of Systems Biology Dresden, 01307Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuang H, Chen D, Liu L, Keeney D, Zhang G, Jiao Y. Vibrational properties of disordered stealthy hyperuniform 1D atomic chains. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:285703. [PMID: 38579735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3b5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Disorder hyperuniformity is a recently discovered exotic state of many-body systems that possess a hidden order in between that of a perfect crystal and a completely disordered system. Recently, this novel disordered state has been observed in a number of quantum materials including amorphous 2D graphene and silica, which are endowed with unexpected electronic transport properties. Here, we numerically investigate 1D atomic chain models, including perfect crystalline, disordered stealthy hyperuniform (SHU) as well as randomly perturbed atom packing configurations to obtain a quantitative understanding of how the unique SHU disorder affects the vibrational properties of these low-dimensional materials. We find that the disordered SHU chains possess lower cohesive energies compared to the randomly perturbed chains, implying their potential reliability in experiments. Our inverse partition ratio (IPR) calculations indicate that the SHU chains can support fully delocalized states just like perfect crystalline chains over a wide range of frequencies, i.e.ω∈(0,100)cm-1, suggesting superior phonon transport behaviors within these frequencies, which was traditionally considered impossible in disordered systems. Interestingly, we observe the emergence of a group of highly localized states associated withω∼200cm-1, which is characterized by a significant peak in the IPR and a peak in phonon density of states at the corresponding frequency, and is potentially useful for decoupling electron and phonon degrees of freedom. These unique properties of disordered SHU chains have implications in the design and engineering of novel quantum materials for thermal and phononic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houlong Zhuang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Duyu Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Lei Liu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - David Keeney
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hecht L, Dong I, Liebchen B. Motility-induced coexistence of a hot liquid and a cold gas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3206. [PMID: 38615122 PMCID: PMC11016108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
If two phases exist at the same time, such as a gas and a liquid, they have the same temperature. This fundamental law of equilibrium physics is known to apply even to many non-equilibrium systems. However, recently, there has been much attention in the finding that inertial self-propelled particles like Janus colloids in a plasma or microflyers could self-organize into a hot gas-like phase that coexists with a colder liquid-like phase. Here, we show that a kinetic temperature difference across coexisting phases can occur even in equilibrium systems when adding generic (overdamped) self-propelled particles. In particular, we consider mixtures of overdamped active and inertial passive Brownian particles and show that when they phase separate into a dense and a dilute phase, both phases have different kinetic temperatures. Surprisingly, we find that the dense phase (liquid) cannot only be colder but also hotter than the dilute phase (gas). This effect hinges on correlated motions where active particles collectively push and heat up passive ones primarily within the dense phase. Our results answer the fundamental question if a non-equilibrium gas can be colder than a coexisting liquid and create a route to equip matter with self-organized domains of different kinetic temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hecht
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Iris Dong
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Lei X, Xiang Y, Duan M, Peng X, Zhang HP. Emergent Chirality and Hyperuniformity in an Active Mixture with Nonreciprocal Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:118301. [PMID: 38563944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.118301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We investigate collective dynamics in a binary mixture of programmable robots in experiments and simulations. While robots of the same species align their motion direction, interaction between species is distinctly nonreciprocal: species A aligns with B and species B antialigns with A. This nonreciprocal interaction gives rise to the emergence of collective chiral motion that can be stabilized by limiting the robot angular speed to be below a threshold. Within the chiral phase, increasing the robot density or extending the range of local repulsive interactions can drive the system through an absorbing-active transition. At the transition point, the robots exhibit a remarkable capacity for self-organization, forming disordered hyperuniform states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaokang Lei
- Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, and MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yalun Xiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mengyuan Duan
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xingguang Peng
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - H P Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ikeda H. Correlated noise and critical dimensions. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064119. [PMID: 38243493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In equilibrium, the Mermin-Wagner theorem prohibits the continuous symmetry breaking for all dimensions d≤2. In this work, we discuss that this limitation can be circumvented in nonequilibrium systems driven by the spatiotemporally long-range anticorrelated noise. We first compute the lower and upper critical dimensions of the O(n) model driven by the spatiotemporally correlated noise by means of the dimensional analysis. Next we consider the spherical model, which corresponds to the large-n limit of the O(n) model and allows us to compute the critical dimensions and critical exponents, analytically. Both results suggest that the critical dimensions increase when the noise is positively correlated in space and time and decrease when anticorrelated. We also report that the spherical model with the correlated noise shows the hyperuniformity and giant number fluctuation even well above the critical point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harukuni Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maher CE, Jiao Y, Torquato S. Hyperuniformity of maximally random jammed packings of hyperspheres across spatial dimensions. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064602. [PMID: 38243527 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The maximally random jammed (MRJ) state is the most random (i.e., disordered) configuration of strictly jammed (mechanically rigid) nonoverlapping objects. MRJ packings are hyperuniform, meaning their long-wavelength density fluctuations are anomalously suppressed compared to typical disordered systems, i.e., their structure factors S(k) tend to zero as the wave number |k| tends to zero. Here we show that generating high-quality strictly jammed states for Euclidean space dimensions d=3,4, and 5 is of paramount importance in ensuring hyperuniformity and extracting precise values of the hyperuniformity exponent α>0 for MRJ states, defined by the power-law behavior of S(k)∼|k|^{α} in the limit |k|→0. Moreover, we show that for fixed d it is more difficult to ensure jamming as the particle number N increases, which results in packings that are nonhyperuniform. Free-volume theory arguments suggest that the ideal MRJ state does not contain rattlers, which act as defects in numerically generated packings. As d increases, we find that the fraction of rattlers decreases substantially. Our analysis of the largest truly jammed packings suggests that the ideal MRJ packings for all dimensions d≥3 are hyperuniform with α=d-2, implying the packings become more hyperuniform as d increases. The differences in α between MRJ packings and the recently proposed Manna-class random close packed (RCP) states, which were reported to have α=0.25 in d=3 and be nonhyperuniform (α=0) for d=4 and d=5, demonstrate the vivid distinctions between the large-scale structure of RCP and MRJ states in these dimensions. Our paper clarifies the importance of the link between true jamming and hyperuniformity and motivates the development of an algorithm to produce rattler-free three-dimensional MRJ packings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Salvatore Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lei Y, Ni R. How does a hyperuniform fluid freeze? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312866120. [PMID: 37988461 PMCID: PMC10691242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312866120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
All phase transitions can be categorized into two different types: continuous and discontinuous phase transitions. Discontinuous phase transitions are normally accompanied with significant structural changes, and nearly all of them have the kinetic pathway of nucleation and growth, if the system does not suffer from glassy dynamics. Here, in a system of barrier-controlled reactive particles, we find that the discontinuous freezing transition of a nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluid into an absorbing state does not have the kinetic pathway of nucleation and growth, and the transition is triggered by long-wavelength fluctuations. The transition rate decreases with increasing the system size, which suggests that the metastable hyperuniform fluid could be kinetically stable in an infinitely large system. This challenges the common understanding of metastability in discontinuous phase transitions. Moreover, we find that the "metastable yet kinetically stable" hyperuniform fluid features a scaling in the structure factor [Formula: see text] in 2D, which is the third dynamic hyperuniform state in addition to the critical hyperuniform state with [Formula: see text] and the nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluid with [Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637459, Singapore
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ge Z. The hidden order of Turing patterns in arid and semi-arid vegetation ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306514120. [PMID: 37816060 PMCID: PMC10589663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306514120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetation Turing patterns play a critical role in the ecological functioning of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. However, the long-range spatial features of these patterns have been neglected compared to short-range features like patch shape and spatial wavelength. Drawing inspiration from hyperuniform structures in material science, we find that the arid and semi-arid vegetation Turing pattern exhibits long-range dispersion similar to hyperuniformity. As the degree of hyperuniformity of the vegetation Turing pattern increases, so does the water-use efficiency of the vegetation. This finding supports previous studies that suggest that Turing patterns represent a spatially optimized self-organization of ecosystems for water acquisition. The degree of hyperuniformity of Turing-type ecosystems exhibits significant critical slowing down near the tipping point, indicating that these ecosystems have non-negligible transient dynamical behavior. Reduced rainfall not only decreases the resilience of the steady state of the ecosystem but also slows down the rate of spatial optimization of water-use efficiency in long transient regimes. We propose that the degree of hyperuniformity indicates the spatial resilience of Turing-type ecosystems after strong, short-term disturbances. Spatially heterogeneous disturbances that reduce hyperuniformity lead to longer recovery times than spatially homogeneous disturbances that maintain hyperuniformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Ge
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou310012, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoang Ngoc Minh T, Rotenberg B, Marbach S. Ionic fluctuations in finite volumes: fractional noise and hyperuniformity. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:225-250. [PMID: 37565454 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Observing finite regions of a bigger system is a common aim, from microscopy to molecular simulations. In the latter especially, there is ongoing interest in predicting thermodynamic properties from tracking fluctuations in finite observation volumes. However, kinetic properties have received little attention, especially not in ionic solutions, where electrostatic interactions play a decisive role. Here, we probe ionic fluctuations in finite volumes with Brownian dynamics and build an analytical framework that reproduces our simulation results and is broadly applicable to other systems with pairwise interactions. Particle number and charge correlations exhibit a rich phenomenology with time, characterized by a diversity of timescales. The noise spectrum of both quantities decays as 1/f3/2, where f is the frequency. This signature of fractional noise shows the universality of 1/f3/2 scalings when observing diffusing particles in finite domains. The hyperuniform behaviour of charge fluctuations, namely that correlations scale with the area of the observation volume, is preserved in time. Correlations even become proportional to the box perimeter at sufficiently long times. Our results pave the way to understand fluctuations in more complex systems, from nanopores to single-particle electrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thê Hoang Ngoc Minh
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Marbach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, NY, 10012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caprini L, Löwen H, Marini Bettolo Marconi U. Chiral active matter in external potentials. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6234-6246. [PMID: 37555622 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interplay between chirality and confinement induced by the presence of an external potential. For potentials having radial symmetry, the circular character of the trajectories induced by the chiral motion reduces the spatial fluctuations of the particle, thus providing an extra effective confining mechanism, that can be interpreted as a lowering of the effective temperature. In the case of non-radial potentials, for instance, with an elliptic shape, chirality displays a richer scenario. Indeed, the chirality can break the parity symmetry of the potential that is always fulfilled in the non-chiral system. The probability distribution displays a strong non-Maxwell-Boltzmann shape that emerges in cross-correlations between the two Cartesian components of the position, that vanishes in the absence of chirality or when radial symmetry of the potential is restored. These results are obtained by considering two popular models in active matter, i.e. chiral Active Brownian particles and chiral active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caprini
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Theoretische Physik II - Weiche Materie, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Theoretische Physik II - Weiche Materie, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino - via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032, Camerino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Modin A, Ben Zion MY, Chaikin PM. Hydrodynamic spin-orbit coupling in asynchronous optically driven micro-rotors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4114. [PMID: 37433767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vortical flows of rotating particles describe interactions ranging from molecular machines to atmospheric dynamics. Yet to date, direct observation of the hydrodynamic coupling between artificial micro-rotors has been restricted by the details of the chosen drive, either through synchronization (using external magnetic fields) or confinement (using optical tweezers). Here we present a new active system that illuminates the interplay of rotation and translation in free rotors. We develop a non-tweezing circularly polarized beam that simultaneously rotates hundreds of silica-coated birefringent colloids. The particles rotate asynchronously in the optical torque field while freely diffusing in the plane. We observe that neighboring particles orbit each other with an angular velocity that depends on their spins. We derive an analytical model in the Stokes limit for pairs of spheres that quantitatively explains the observed dynamics. We then find that the geometrical nature of the low Reynolds fluid flow results in a universal hydrodynamic spin-orbit coupling. Our findings are of significance for the understanding and development of far-from-equilibrium materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Modin
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Matan Yah Ben Zion
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and the Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Paul M Chaikin
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Debets VE, Löwen H, Janssen LMC. Glassy Dynamics in Chiral Fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:058201. [PMID: 36800471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.058201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral active matter is enjoying a rapid increase of interest, spurred by the rich variety of asymmetries that can be attained in, e.g., the shape or self-propulsion mechanism of active particles. Though this has already led to the observance of so-called chiral crystals, active chiral glasses remain largely unexplored. A possible reason for this could be the naive expectation that interactions dominate the glassy dynamics and the details of the active motion become increasingly less relevant. Here, we show that quite the opposite is true by studying the glassy dynamics of interacting chiral active Brownian particles. We demonstrate that when our chiral fluid is pushed to glassy conditions, it exhibits highly nontrivial dynamics, especially compared to a standard linear active fluid such as common active Brownian particles. Despite the added complexity, we are still able to present a full rationalization for all identified dynamical regimes. Most notably, we introduce a new "hammering" mechanism, unique to rapidly spinning particles in high-density conditions, that can fluidize a chiral active solid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E Debets
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Wang L, Zhang TH. Tunable collective dynamics of ellipsoidal Quincke particles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:512-518. [PMID: 36541151 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Collective behaviors in active systems become dramatically complicated in the presence of chirality. In this study, we show that ellipsoidal Quincke particles driven by an electric field exhibit flexible and tunable chirality because of the tilting of the spinning axis. As the tilting torque decreases with the increase of angular speed, the motion of individual particles transforms from localized circle motion to global rolling. However, because of the anisotropic shape and the resulting anisotropic polar interactions, it is dynamically easier for ellipsoids to bind and form rotating structures rather than to align their velocities. In dense systems, the suppression of velocity aligning produces transient dense clusters which produce dynamic heterogeneity. The formation and dissociation of dense clusters prohibit the emergence of large-scale collective motions and limit the amplitude of density fluctuations. These findings demonstrate that collective dynamics and thus the scale of density fluctuations in active systems with tunable chirality can be well controlled. This has potential applications in exploring disordered hyperuniform states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Tian Hui Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Torquato S. Equilibrium states corresponding to targeted hyperuniform nonequilibrium pair statistics. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:550-564. [PMID: 36546870 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Zhang-Torquato conjecture [G. Zhang and S. Torquato, Phys. Rev. E, 2020, 101, 032124.] states that any realizable pair correlation function g2(r) or structure factor S(k) of a translationally invariant nonequilibrium system can be attained by an equilibrium ensemble involving only (up to) effective two-body interactions. To further test and study this conjecture, we consider two singular nonequilibrium models of recent interest that also have the exotic hyperuniformity property: a 2D "perfect glass" and a 3D critical absorbing-state model. We find that each nonequilibrium target can be achieved accurately by equilibrium states with effective one- and two-body potentials, lending further support to the conjecture. To characterize the structural degeneracy of such a nonequilibrium-equilibrium correspondence, we compute higher-order statistics for both models, as well as those for a hyperuniform 3D uniformly randomized lattice (URL), whose higher-order statistics can be very precisely ascertained. Interestingly, we find that the differences in the higher-order statistics between nonequilibrium and equilibrium systems with matching pair statistics, as measured by the "hole" probability distribution, provide measures of the degree to which a system is out of equilibrium. We show that all three systems studied possess the bounded-hole property and that holes near the maximum hole size in the URL are much rarer than those in the underlying simple cubic lattice. Remarkably, upon quenching, the effective potentials for all three systems possess local energy minima (i.e., inherent structures) with stronger forms of hyperuniformity compared to their target counterparts. Our methods are expected to facilitate the self-assembly of tunable hyperuniform soft-matter systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Salvatore Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton Institute of Materials, and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phase-separation physics underlies new theory for the resilience of patchy ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2202683120. [PMID: 36595670 PMCID: PMC9926271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202683120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions and buffering ecosystem degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks provide the predominant conceptual framework for self-organized spatial patterns, explaining regular patterns observed in, e.g., arid ecosystems or mussel beds. Here, we highlight an alternative mechanism for self-organized patterns, based on the aggregation of a biotic or abiotic species, such as herbivores, sediment, or nutrients. Using a generalized mathematical model, we demonstrate that ecosystems with aggregation-driven patterns have fundamentally different dynamics and resilience properties than ecosystems with patterns that formed through scale-dependent feedbacks. Building on the physics theory for phase-separation dynamics, we show that patchy ecosystems with aggregation patterns are more vulnerable than systems with patterns formed through scale-dependent feedbacks, especially at small spatial scales. This is because local disturbances can trigger large-scale redistribution of resources, amplifying local degradation. Finally, we show that insights from physics, by providing mechanistic understanding of the initiation of aggregation patterns and their tendency to coarsen, provide a new indicator framework to signal proximity to ecological tipping points and subsequent ecosystem degradation for this class of patchy ecosystems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Broken time-reversal and parity symmetries in active spinner fluids imply a nondissipative "odd viscosity," engendering phenomena unattainable in traditional passive or active fluids. Here we show that the odd viscosity itself can lead to a Hall-like transport when the active chiral fluid flows through a quenched matrix of obstacles, reminiscent of the anomalous Hall effect. The Hall-like velocity depends significantly on the spinner activity and longitudinal flow due to the interplay between odd viscosity and spinner-obstacle collisions. Our findings underscore the importance of odd viscosity in active chiral matter and elucidate its essential role in the anomalous Hall-like effect.
Collapse
|
17
|
Active Colloids on Fluid Interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Martelli F. Steady-like topology of the dynamical hydrogen bond network in supercooled water. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac090. [PMID: 36741425 PMCID: PMC9896910 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the link between topology of the hydrogen bond network (HBN) and large-scale density fluctuations in water from ambient conditions to the glassy state. We observe a transition from a temperature-dependent topology at high temperatures, to a steady-like topology below the Widom temperature TW ∼ 220 K signaling the fragile-to-strong crossover and the maximum in structural fluctuations. As a consequence of the steady topology, the network suppresses large-scale density fluctuations much more efficiently than at higher temperatures. Below TW , the contribution of coordination defects of the kind A 2 D 1 (two acceptors and one donor) to the kinetics of the HBN becomes progressively more pronounced, suggesting that A 2 D 1 configurations may represent the main source of dynamical heterogeneities. Below the vitrification temperature, the freezing of rotational and translational degrees of freedom allow for an enhanced suppression of large-scale density fluctuations and the sample reaches the edges of nearly hyperuniformity. The formed network still hosts coordination defects, hence implying that nearly hyperuniformity goes beyond the classical continuous random network paradigm of tetrahedral networks and can emerge in scenarios much more complex than previously assumed. Our results unveil a hitherto undisclosed link between network topology and properties of water essential for better understanding water's rich and complex nature. Beyond implications for water, our findings pave the way to a better understanding of the physics of supercooled liquids and disordered hyperuniform networks at large.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang B, Snezhko A. Hyperuniform Active Chiral Fluids with Tunable Internal Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:218002. [PMID: 35687470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.218002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large density fluctuations observed in active systems and hyperuniformity are two seemingly incompatible phenomena. However, the formation of hyperuniform states has been recently predicted in nonequilibrium fluids formed by chiral particles performing circular motion with the same handedness. Here we report evidence of hyperuniformity realized in a chiral active fluid comprised of pear-shaped Quincke rollers of arbitrary handedness. We show that hyperuniformity and large density fluctuations, triggered by dynamic clustering, coexist in this system at different length scales. The system loses its hyperuniformity as the curvature of particles' motion increases, transforming them into localized spinners. Our results experimentally demonstrate a novel hyperuniform active fluid and provide new insights into an interplay between chirality, activity, and hyperuniformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alexey Snezhko
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hokmabad BV, Nishide A, Ramesh P, Krüger C, Maass CC. Spontaneously rotating clusters of active droplets. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2731-2741. [PMID: 35319552 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the emergence of spontaneously rotating clusters in active emulsions. Ensembles of self-propelling droplets sediment and then self-organise into planar, hexagonally ordered clusters which hover over the container bottom while spinning around the plane normal. This effect exists for symmetric and asymmetric arrangements of isotropic droplets and is therefore not caused by torques due to geometric asymmetries. We found, however, that individual droplets exhibit a helical swimming mode in a small window of intermediate activity in a force-free bulk medium. We show that by forming an ordered cluster, the droplets cooperatively suppress their chaotic dynamics and turn the transient instability into a steady rotational state. We analyse the collective rotational dynamics as a function of droplet activity and cluster size and further propose that the stable collective rotation in the cluster is caused by a cooperative coupling between the rotational modes of individual droplets in the cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Vajdi Hokmabad
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, Georg August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Akinori Nishide
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Exploratory Research, R&D group, Hitachi Ltd., Higashi-Koigakubo 1-280, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Prashanth Ramesh
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute and J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Corinna C Maass
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, Georg August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute and J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hyperuniformity and phase enrichment in vortex and rotor assemblies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:804. [PMID: 35145099 PMCID: PMC8831603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensembles of particles rotating in a two-dimensional fluid can exhibit chaotic dynamics yet develop signatures of hidden order. Such rotors are found in the natural world spanning vastly disparate length scales — from the rotor proteins in cellular membranes to models of atmospheric dynamics. Here we show that an initially random distribution of either driven rotors in a viscous membrane, or ideal vortices with minute perturbations, spontaneously self assemble into a distinct arrangement. Despite arising from drastically different physics, these systems share a Hamiltonian structure that sets geometrical conservation laws resulting in prominent structural states. We find that the rotationally invariant interactions isotropically suppress long-wavelength fluctuations — a hallmark of a disordered hyperuniform material. With increasing area fraction, the system orders into a hexagonal lattice. In mixtures of two co-rotating populations, the stronger population will gain order from the other and both will become phase enriched. Finally, we show that classical 2D point vortex systems arise as exact limits of the experimentally accessible microscopic membrane rotors, yielding a new system through which to study topological defects. Rotor-like dynamics is observed in many natural systems, from the rotor proteins in cellular membranes to atmospheric models. Here, the authors uncover geometrical conservation laws that limit distribution of driven rotors in a membrane or a soap film and allow to predict their structural states.
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Keeffe K, Ceron S, Petersen K. Collective behavior of swarmalators on a ring. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014211. [PMID: 35193221 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective behavior of swarmalators, generalizations of phase oscillators that both sync and swarm, confined to move on a one-dimensional (1D) ring. This simple model captures the essence of movement in two or three dimensions, but has the benefit of being solvable: most of the collective states and their bifurcations can be specified exactly. The model also captures the behavior of real-world swarmalators which swarm in quasi-1D rings such as bordertaxic vinegar eels and sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Steven Ceron
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Kirstin Petersen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hrishikesh B, Mani E. Collective dynamics of active circle-swimming Lennard- Jones particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19792-19798. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a numerical study on collective dynamics of self-propelling and circle-swimming Lennard- Jones (LJ) particles in two dimensions using Brownian dynamics simulations. We investigate the combined role of attraction,...
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsuyama H, Miyazaki K. Anomalous transport phenomenon of a charged Brownian particle under a thermal gradient and a magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054134. [PMID: 34942799 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the stochastic processes of nonequilibrium systems subject to nonconserved forces, such as the magnetic forces acting on charged particles and the chiral self-propelled force acting on active particles. In this paper, we consider the stationary transport of noninteracting Brownian particles under a constant magnetic field in a position-dependent temperature background. We demonstrate the existence of the Nernst-like stationary density current perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and magnetic field, induced by the intricate coupling between the nonconserved force and the multiplicative noises due to the position-dependent temperature.
Collapse
|
25
|
Torrik A, Naji A, Zarif M. Dimeric colloidal inclusion in a chiral active bath: Effective interactions and chirality-induced torque. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064610. [PMID: 35030934 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal inclusions suspended in a bath of smaller particles experience an effective bath-mediated attraction at small intersurface separations, which is known as the depletion interaction. In an active bath of nonchiral self-propelled particles, the effective force changes from attraction to repulsion, an effect that is suppressed when the active bath particles are chiral. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we study the effects of channel confinement and bath chirality on the effective forces and torques that are mediated between two inclusions that may be fixed within the channel or may be allowed to rotate freely as a rigid dimer around its center of mass. We show that the confinement has a strong effect on the effective interactions, depending on the orientation of the dimer relative to the channel walls. The active particle chirality leads to a force imbalance and, hence, a net torque on the inclusion dimer, which we investigate as a function of the bath chirality strength and the channel height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhalim Torrik
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-9411, Iran
| | - Ali Naji
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarif
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-9411, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Swimming in circles can lead to exotic hyperuniform states of active living matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107276118. [PMID: 34099559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107276118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|