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Aranda-Anzaldo A, Dent MAR, Segura-Anaya E, Martínez-Gómez A. Protein folding, cellular stress and cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024:S0079-6107(24)00058-0. [PMID: 38969306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are acknowledged as the phenotypical manifestation of the genotype, because protein-coding genes carry the information for the strings of amino acids that constitute the proteins. It is widely accepted that protein function depends on the corresponding "native" structure or folding achieved within the cell, and that native protein folding corresponds to the lowest free energy minimum for a given protein. However, protein folding within the cell is a non-deterministic dissipative process that from the same input may produce different outcomes, thus conformational heterogeneity of folded proteins is the rule and not the exception. Local changes in the intracellular environment promote variation in protein folding. Hence protein folding requires "supervision" by a host of chaperones and co-chaperones that help their client proteins to achieve the folding that is most stable according to the local environment. Such environmental influence on protein folding is continuously transduced with the help of the cellular stress responses (CSRs) and this may lead to changes in the rules of engagement between proteins, so that the corresponding protein interactome could be modified by the environment leading to an alternative cellular phenotype. This allows for a phenotypic plasticity useful for adapting to sudden and/or transient environmental changes at the cellular level. Starting from this perspective, hereunder we develop the argument that the presence of sustained cellular stress coupled to efficient CSRs may lead to the selection of an aberrant phenotype as the resulting adaptation of the cellular proteome (and the corresponding interactome) to such stressful conditions, and this can be a common epigenetic pathway to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Aranda-Anzaldo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., México.
| | - Myrna A R Dent
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., México
| | - Edith Segura-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., México
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., México
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2
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Li B, Xiao X, Bi M, Jiao Q, Chen X, Yan C, Du X, Jiang H. Modulating α-synuclein propagation and decomposition: Implications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102319. [PMID: 38719160 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Under pathological conditions, the conformation of α-syn changes and different forms of α-syn lead to neurotoxicity. According to Braak stages, α-syn can propagate in different brain regions, inducing neurodegeneration and corresponding clinical manifestations through abnormal aggregation of Lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy axons in different types of neurons in PD. So far, PD lacks early diagnosis biomarkers, and treatments are mainly targeted at some clinical symptoms. There is no effective therapy to delay the progression of PD. This review first summarized the role of α-syn in physiological and pathological states, and the relationship between α-syn and PD. Then, we focused on the origin, secretion, aggregation, propagation and degradation of α-syn as well as the important regulatory factors in these processes systematically. Finally, we reviewed some potential drug candidates for alleviating the abnormal aggregation of α-syn in order to provide valuable targets for the treatment of PD to cope with the occurrence and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunling Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China; School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Bassani CL, van Anders G, Banin U, Baranov D, Chen Q, Dijkstra M, Dimitriyev MS, Efrati E, Faraudo J, Gang O, Gaston N, Golestanian R, Guerrero-Garcia GI, Gruenwald M, Haji-Akbari A, Ibáñez M, Karg M, Kraus T, Lee B, Van Lehn RC, Macfarlane RJ, Mognetti BM, Nikoubashman A, Osat S, Prezhdo OV, Rotskoff GM, Saiz L, Shi AC, Skrabalak S, Smalyukh II, Tagliazucchi M, Talapin DV, Tkachenko AV, Tretiak S, Vaknin D, Widmer-Cooper A, Wong GCL, Ye X, Zhou S, Rabani E, Engel M, Travesset A. Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advances and Open Problems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14791-14840. [PMID: 38814908 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states. We also examine dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols. Finally, we discuss promising material functions and examples of their realization with nanocrystal assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Bassani
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Greg van Anders
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Chen
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S Dimitriyev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Nicola Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - G Ivan Guerrero-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78295 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Michael Gruenwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Amir Haji-Akbari
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Karg
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Colloid and Interface Chemistry, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Reid C Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53717, USA
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bortolo M Mognetti
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Saeed Osat
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Grant M Rotskoff
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Leonor Saiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sara Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alexei V Tkachenko
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - David Vaknin
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Asaph Widmer-Cooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex Travesset
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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4
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Kaku T, Ikebukuro K, Tsukakoshi K. Structure of cytotoxic amyloid oligomers generated during disaggregation. J Biochem 2024; 175:575-585. [PMID: 38430131 PMCID: PMC11155694 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid proteins. The causative proteins aggregate from monomers to oligomers and fibrils, among which some intermediate oligomers are considered as major toxins. Cytotoxic oligomers are generated not only by aggregation but also via fibril disaggregation. However, little is known about the structural characteristics and generation conditions of cytotoxic oligomers produced during disaggregation. Herein, we summarized the structural commonalities of cytotoxic oligomers formed under various disaggregation conditions, including the addition of heat shock proteins or small compounds. In vitro experimental data demonstrated the presence of high-molecular-weight oligomers (protofibrils or protofilaments) that exhibited a fibrous morphology and β-sheet structure. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the distorted β-sheet structure contributed to their metastability. The tendency of these cytotoxic oligomers to appear under mild disaggregation conditions, implied formation during the early stages of disaggregation. This review will aid researchers in exploring the characteristics of highly cytotoxic oligomers and developing drugs that target amyloid aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshisuke Kaku
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsukakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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5
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Santos J, Cuellar J, Pallarès I, Byrd EJ, Lends A, Moro F, Abdul-Shukkoor MB, Pujols J, Velasco-Carneros L, Sobott F, Otzen DE, Calabrese AN, Muga A, Pedersen JS, Loquet A, Valpuesta JM, Radford SE, Ventura S. A Targetable N-Terminal Motif Orchestrates α-Synuclein Oligomer-to-Fibril Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12702-12711. [PMID: 38683963 PMCID: PMC11082882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Oligomeric species populated during α-synuclein aggregation are considered key drivers of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. However, the development of oligomer-targeting therapeutics is constrained by our limited knowledge of their structure and the molecular determinants driving their conversion to fibrils. Phenol-soluble modulin α3 (PSMα3) is a nanomolar peptide binder of α-synuclein oligomers that inhibits aggregation by blocking oligomer-to-fibril conversion. Here, we investigate the binding of PSMα3 to α-synuclein oligomers to discover the mechanistic basis of this protective activity. We find that PSMα3 selectively targets an α-synuclein N-terminal motif (residues 36-61) that populates a distinct conformation in the mono- and oligomeric states. This α-synuclein region plays a pivotal role in oligomer-to-fibril conversion as its absence renders the central NAC domain insufficient to prompt this structural transition. The hereditary mutation G51D, associated with early onset Parkinson's disease, causes a conformational fluctuation in this region, leading to delayed oligomer-to-fibril conversion and an accumulation of oligomers that are resistant to remodeling by molecular chaperones. Overall, our findings unveil a new targetable region in α-synuclein oligomers, advance our comprehension of oligomer-to-amyloid fibril conversion, and reveal a new facet of α-synuclein pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Santos
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jorge Cuellar
- Department
of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional
de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Irantzu Pallarès
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Emily J. Byrd
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Alons Lends
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Fernando Moro
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología
Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Pujols
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Lorea Velasco-Carneros
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología
Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Frank Sobott
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Antonio N. Calabrese
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Arturo Muga
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología
Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Jose María Valpuesta
- Department
of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional
de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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6
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Farzadfard A, Kunka A, Mason TO, Larsen JA, Norrild RK, Dominguez ET, Ray S, Buell AK. Thermodynamic characterization of amyloid polymorphism by microfluidic transient incomplete separation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2528-2544. [PMID: 38362440 PMCID: PMC10866369 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils of proteins such as α-synuclein are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and much research has focused on their kinetics and mechanisms of formation. The question as to the thermodynamic stability of such structures has received much less attention. Here, we newly utilize the principle of transient incomplete separation of species in laminar flow in combination with chemical depolymerization for the quantification of amyloid fibril stability. The relative concentrations of fibrils and monomer at equilibrium are determined through an in situ separation of these species based on their different diffusivity inside a microfluidic capillary. The method is highly sample economical, using much less than a microliter of sample per data point and its only requirement is the presence of aromatic residues (W, Y) because of its label-free nature, which makes it widely applicable. Using this method, we investigate the differences in thermodynamic stability between different fibril polymorphs of α-synuclein and quantify these differences for the first time. Importantly, we show that fibril formation can be under kinetic or thermodynamic control and that a change in solution conditions can both stabilise and destabilise amyloid fibrils. Taken together, our results establish the thermodynamic stability as a well-defined and key parameter that can contribute towards a better understanding of the physiological roles of amyloid fibril polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Farzadfard
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Antonin Kunka
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Thomas Oliver Mason
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Jacob Aunstrup Larsen
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Rasmus Krogh Norrild
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Elisa Torrescasana Dominguez
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Soumik Ray
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Protein Biophysics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads, Building 227, Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
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7
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Kaygisiz K, Ender AM, Gačanin J, Kaczmarek LA, Koutsouras DA, Nalakath AN, Winterwerber P, Mayer FJ, Räder HJ, Marszalek T, Blom PWM, Synatschke CV, Weil T. Photoinduced Amyloid Fibril Degradation for Controlled Cell Patterning. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200294. [PMID: 36281903 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-like fibrils are a special class of self-assembling peptides that emerge as a promising nanomaterial with rich bioactivity for applications such as cell adhesion and growth. Unlike the extracellular matrix, the intrinsically stable amyloid-like fibrils do not respond nor adapt to stimuli of their natural environment. Here, a self-assembling motif (CKFKFQF), in which a photosensitive o-nitrobenzyl linker (PCL) is inserted, is designed. This peptide (CKFK-PCL-FQF) assembles into amyloid-like fibrils comparable to the unsubstituted CKFKFQF and reveals a strong response to UV-light. After UV irradiation, the secondary structure of the fibrils, fibril morphology, and bioactivity are lost. Thus, coating surfaces with the pre-formed fibrils and exposing them to UV-light through a photomask generate well-defined areas with patterns of intact and destroyed fibrillar morphology. The unexposed, fibril-coated surface areas retain their ability to support cell adhesion in culture, in contrast to the light-exposed regions, where the cell-supportive fibril morphology is destroyed. Consequently, the photoresponsive peptide nanofibrils provide a facile and efficient way of cell patterning, exemplarily demonstrated for A549, Chinese Hamster Ovary, and Raw Dual type cells. This study introduces photoresponsive amyloid-like fibrils as adaptive functional materials to precisely arrange cells on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Kaygisiz
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana M Ender
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmina Gačanin
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Alix Kaczmarek
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Koutsouras
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abin N Nalakath
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz J Mayer
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher V Synatschke
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Knier AS, Davis EE, Buchholz HE, Dorweiler JE, Flannagan LE, Manogaran AL. The yeast molecular chaperone, Hsp104, influences transthyretin aggregate formation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1050472. [PMID: 36590917 PMCID: PMC9802906 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with the fatal disorder Transthyretin Amyloidosis (ATTR) experience polyneuropathy through the progressive destruction of peripheral nervous tissue. In these patients, the transthyretin (TTR) protein dissociates from its functional tetrameric structure, misfolds, and aggregates into extracellular amyloid deposits that are associated with disease progression. These aggregates form large fibrillar structures as well as shorter oligomeric aggregates that are suspected to be cytotoxic. Several studies have shown that these extracellular TTR aggregates enter the cell and accumulate intracellularly, which is associated with increased proteostasis response. However, there are limited experimental models to study how proteostasis influences internalized TTR aggregates. Here, we use a humanized yeast system to recapitulate intracellular TTR aggregating protein in vivo. The yeast molecular chaperone Hsp104 is a disaggregase that has been shown to fragment amyloidogenic aggregates associated with certain yeast prions and reduce protein aggregation associated with human neurogenerative diseases. In yeast, we found that TTR forms both SDS-resistant oligomers and SDS-sensitive large molecular weight complexes. In actively dividing cultures, Hsp104 has no impact on oligomeric or large aggregate populations, yet overexpression of Hsp104 is loosely associated with an increase in overall aggregate size. Interestingly, a potentiating mutation in the middle domain of Hsp104 consistently results in an increase in overall TTR aggregate size. These data suggest a novel approach to aggregate management, where the Hsp104 variant shifts aggregate populations away from toxic oligomeric species to more inert larger aggregates. In aged cultures Hsp104 overexpression has no impact on TTR aggregation profiles suggesting that these chaperone approaches to shift aggregate populations are not effective with age, possibly due to proteostasis decline.
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9
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Cabrera Y, Bernardo-Seisdedos G, Dublang L, Albesa-Jové D, Orozco N, Rosa Viguera A, Millet O, Muga A, Moro F. Fine-tuning of the Hsc70-based human protein disaggregase machinery by the distinctive C-terminal extension of Apg2. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167841. [PMID: 36167183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Apg2, one of the three cytosolic Hsp110 chaperones in humans, supports reactivation of unordered and ordered protein aggregates by Hsc70 (HspA8). Together with DnaJB1, Apg2 serves to nucleate Hsc70 molecules into sites where productive entropic pulling forces can be developed. During aggregate reactivation, Apg2 performs as a specialized nucleotide exchange factor, but the origin of its specialization is poorly defined. Here we report on the role of the distinctive C-terminal extension present in Apg2 and other metazoan homologs. We found that the first part of this Apg2 subdomain with propensity to adopt α-helical structure interacts with the nucleotide binding domain of Hsc70 in a nucleotide-dependent manner, contributing significantly to the stability of the Hsc70:Apg2 complex. Moreover, the second intrinsically disordered segment of Apg2 C-terminal extension plays an important role as a downregulator of nucleotide exchange. An NMR analysis showed that the interaction with Hsc70 nucleotide binding domain modifies the chemical environment of residues located in important functional sites such as the interface between lobe I and II and the nucleotide binding site. Our data indicate that Apg2 C-terminal extension is a fine-tuner of human Hsc70 activity that optimizes the substrate remodeling ability of the chaperone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovana Cabrera
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Leire Dublang
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Albesa-Jové
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Orozco
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Viguera
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Arturo Muga
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain.
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10
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Identification of a HTT-specific binding motif in DNAJB1 essential for suppression and disaggregation of HTT. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4692. [PMID: 35948542 PMCID: PMC9365803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyQ stretch within Huntingtin (HTT) that renders the protein aggregation-prone, ultimately resulting in the formation of amyloid fibrils. A trimeric chaperone complex composed of Hsc70, DNAJB1 and Apg2 can suppress and reverse the aggregation of HTTExon1Q48. DNAJB1 is the rate-limiting chaperone and we have here identified and characterized the binding interface between DNAJB1 and HTTExon1Q48. DNAJB1 exhibits a HTT binding motif (HBM) in the hinge region between C-terminal domains (CTD) I and II and binds to the polyQ-adjacent proline rich domain (PRD) of soluble as well as aggregated HTT. The PRD of HTT represents an additional binding site for chaperones. Mutation of the highly conserved H244 of the HBM of DNAJB1 completely abrogates the suppression and disaggregation of HTT fibrils by the trimeric chaperone complex. Notably, this mutation does not affect the binding and remodeling of any other protein substrate, suggesting that the HBM of DNAJB1 is a specific interaction site for HTT. Overexpression of wt DNAJB1, but not of DNAJB1H244A can prevent the accumulation of HTTExon1Q97 aggregates in HEK293 cells, thus validating the biological significance of the HBM within DNAJB1. Ayala Mariscal et al have identified and characterized the interface of pathogenic Huntingtin and the molecular chaperone DNAJB1. Histidine-244 of the C-terminal domain of DNAJB1 is a key residues for binding to the poly-proline region of HTT. This binding site is specific for the interaction with Huntingtin.
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11
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α-Synuclein Conformational Plasticity: Physiologic States, Pathologic Strains, and Biotechnological Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070994. [PMID: 35883550 PMCID: PMC9313095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is remarkable for both its extensive conformational plasticity and pathologic prion-like properties. Physiologically, αS may populate disordered monomeric, helically folded tetrameric, or membrane-bound oligomeric states. Pathologically, αS may assemble into toxic oligomers and subsequently fibrils, the prion-like transmission of which is implicated in a class of neurodegenerative disorders collectively termed α-synucleinopathies. Notably, αS does not adopt a single "amyloid fold", but rather exists as structurally distinct amyloid-like conformations referred to as "strains". The inoculation of animal models with different strains induces distinct pathologies, and emerging evidence suggests that the propagation of disease-specific strains underlies the differential pathologies observed in patients with different α-synucleinopathies. The characterization of αS strains has provided insight into the structural basis for the overlapping, yet distinct, symptoms of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this review, we first explore the physiological and pathological differences between conformational states of αS. We then discuss recent studies on the influence of micro-environmental factors on αS species formation, propagation, and the resultant pathological characteristics. Lastly, we review how an understanding of αS conformational properties has been translated to emerging strain amplification technologies, which have provided further insight into the role of specific strains in distinct α-synucleinopathies, and show promise for the early diagnosis of disease.
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12
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Couzijn S, Nollen EA. A sudden collapse: the disaggregation of amyloid fibres. EMBO J 2022; 41:e111700. [PMID: 35791595 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is the presence of highly stable protein aggregates, also known as amyloid fibres. As these fibres are strongly associated with disease, it is thought that clearance of these fibres could delay or prevent disease progression. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Beton et al unravel how the Hsc70/DNAJB1/Apg2 disaggregase machinery disassembles amyloid fibres, using α-synuclein fibrils implicated in Parkinson's Disease as a model substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Couzijn
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Aa Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Sinnige T. Molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation in living systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7080-7097. [PMID: 35799826 PMCID: PMC9214716 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar protein aggregation is a hallmark of a variety of human diseases. Examples include the deposition of amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer's disease, and that of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. The molecular mechanisms by which soluble proteins form amyloid fibrils have been extensively studied in the test tube. These investigations have revealed the microscopic steps underlying amyloid formation, and the role of factors such as chaperones that modulate these processes. This perspective explores the question to what extent the mechanisms of amyloid formation elucidated in vitro apply to human disease. The answer is not yet clear, and may differ depending on the protein and the associated disease. Nevertheless, there are striking qualitative similarities between the aggregation behaviour of proteins in vitro and the development of the related diseases. Limited quantitative data obtained in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans support the notion that aggregation mechanisms in vivo can be interpreted using the same biophysical principles established in vitro. These results may however be biased by the high overexpression levels typically used in animal models of protein aggregation diseases. Molecular chaperones have been found to suppress protein aggregation in animal models, but their mechanisms of action have not yet been quantitatively analysed. Several mechanisms are proposed by which the decline of protein quality control with organismal age, but also the intrinsic nature of the aggregation process may contribute to the kinetics of protein aggregation observed in human disease. The molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation have been studied extensively in test tube reactions. This perspective article addresses the question to what extent these mechanisms apply to the complex situation in living cells and organisms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Sinnige
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
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14
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Beton JG, Monistrol J, Wentink A, Johnston EC, Roberts AJ, Bukau BG, Hoogenboom BW, Saibil HR. Cooperative amyloid fibre binding and disassembly by the Hsp70 disaggregase. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110410. [PMID: 35698800 PMCID: PMC9379549 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although amyloid fibres are highly stable protein aggregates, a specific combination of human Hsp70 system chaperones can disassemble them, including fibres formed of α-synuclein, huntingtin, or Tau. Disaggregation requires the ATPase activity of the constitutively expressed Hsp70 family member, Hsc70, together with the J domain protein DNAJB1 and the nucleotide exchange factor Apg2. Clustering of Hsc70 on the fibrils appears to be necessary for disassembly. Here we use atomic force microscopy to show that segments of in vitro assembled α-synuclein fibrils are first coated with chaperones and then undergo bursts of rapid, unidirectional disassembly. Cryo-electron tomography and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy reveal fibrils with regions of densely bound chaperones, preferentially at one end of the fibre. Sub-stoichiometric amounts of Apg2 relative to Hsc70 dramatically increase recruitment of Hsc70 to the fibres, creating localised active zones that then undergo rapid disassembly at a rate of ~ 4 subunits per second. The observed unidirectional bursts of Hsc70 loading and unravelling may be explained by differences between the two ends of the polar fibre structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph George Beton
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - Jim Monistrol
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erin C Johnston
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony John Roberts
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - Bernd Gerhard Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bart W Hoogenboom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
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15
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Amyloid Fragmentation and Disaggregation in Yeast and Animals. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121884. [PMID: 34944528 PMCID: PMC8699242 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are filamentous protein aggregates that are associated with a number of incurable diseases, termed amyloidoses. Amyloids can also manifest as infectious or heritable particles, known as prions. While just one prion is known in humans and animals, more than ten prion amyloids have been discovered in fungi. The propagation of fungal prion amyloids requires the chaperone Hsp104, though in excess it can eliminate some prions. Even though Hsp104 acts to disassemble prion fibrils, at normal levels it fragments them into multiple smaller pieces, which ensures prion propagation and accelerates prion conversion. Animals lack Hsp104, but disaggregation is performed by the same complement of chaperones that assist Hsp104 in yeast—Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp110. Exogenous Hsp104 can efficiently cooperate with these chaperones in animals and promotes disaggregation, especially of large amyloid aggregates, which indicates its potential as a treatment for amyloid diseases. However, despite the significant effects, Hsp104 and its potentiated variants may be insufficient to fully dissolve amyloid. In this review, we consider chaperone mechanisms acting to disassemble heritable protein aggregates in yeast and animals, and their potential use in the therapy of human amyloid diseases.
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Franco A, Cuéllar J, Fernández-Higuero JÁ, de la Arada I, Orozco N, Valpuesta JM, Prado A, Muga A. Truncation-Driven Lateral Association of α-Synuclein Hinders Amyloid Clearance by the Hsp70-Based Disaggregase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312983. [PMID: 34884786 PMCID: PMC8657883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein is the hallmark of a collective of neurodegenerative disorders known as synucleinopathies. The tendency to aggregate of this protein, the toxicity of its aggregation intermediates and the ability of the cellular protein quality control system to clear these intermediates seems to be regulated, among other factors, by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Among these modifications, we consider herein proteolysis at both the N- and C-terminal regions of α-synuclein as a factor that could modulate disassembly of toxic amyloids by the human disaggregase, a combination of the chaperones Hsc70, DnaJB1 and Apg2. We find that, in contrast to aggregates of the protein lacking the N-terminus, which can be solubilized as efficiently as those of the WT protein, the deletion of the C-terminal domain, either in a recombinant context or as a consequence of calpain treatment, impaired Hsc70-mediated amyloid disassembly. Progressive removal of the negative charges at the C-terminal region induces lateral association of fibrils and type B* oligomers, precluding chaperone action. We propose that truncation-driven aggregate clumping impairs the mechanical action of chaperones, which includes fast protofilament unzipping coupled to depolymerization. Inhibition of the chaperone-mediated clearance of C-truncated species could explain their exacerbated toxicity and higher propensity to deposit found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (A.F.); (J.Á.F.-H.); (A.P.)
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.d.l.A.); (N.O.)
| | - Jorge Cuéllar
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.); (J.M.V.)
| | - José Ángel Fernández-Higuero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (A.F.); (J.Á.F.-H.); (A.P.)
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.d.l.A.); (N.O.)
| | - Igor de la Arada
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.d.l.A.); (N.O.)
| | - Natalia Orozco
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.d.l.A.); (N.O.)
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José M. Valpuesta
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Adelina Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (A.F.); (J.Á.F.-H.); (A.P.)
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.d.l.A.); (N.O.)
| | - Arturo Muga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (A.F.); (J.Á.F.-H.); (A.P.)
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.d.l.A.); (N.O.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Unzipping the Secrets of Amyloid Disassembly by the Human Disaggregase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102745. [PMID: 34685723 PMCID: PMC8534776 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are increasingly positioned as leading causes of global deaths. The accelerated aging of the population and its strong relationship with neurodegeneration forecast these pathologies as a huge global health problem in the upcoming years. In this scenario, there is an urgent need for understanding the basic molecular mechanisms associated with such diseases. A major molecular hallmark of most NDs is the accumulation of insoluble and toxic protein aggregates, known as amyloids, in extracellular or intracellular deposits. Here, we review the current knowledge on how molecular chaperones, and more specifically a ternary protein complex referred to as the human disaggregase, deals with amyloids. This machinery, composed of the constitutive Hsp70 (Hsc70), the class B J-protein DnaJB1 and the nucleotide exchange factor Apg2 (Hsp110), disassembles amyloids of α-synuclein implicated in Parkinson’s disease as well as of other disease-associated proteins such as tau and huntingtin. We highlight recent studies that have led to the dissection of the mechanism used by this chaperone system to perform its disaggregase activity. We also discuss whether this chaperone-mediated disassembly mechanism could be used to solubilize other amyloidogenic substrates. Finally, we evaluate the implications of the chaperone system in amyloid clearance and associated toxicity, which could be critical for the development of new therapies.
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