1
|
Dai Y, Chen Z, Qin X, Dong P, Xu J, Hu J, Gu L, Chen S. Hydrolysis reactivity reveals significant seasonal variation in the composition of organic peroxides in ambient PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172143. [PMID: 38569967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric organic peroxides (POs) play a key role in the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), impacting both air quality and human health. However, there still remain technical challenges in investigating the reactivity of POs in ambient aerosols due to the instability and lack of standards for POs, impeding accurate evaluation of their environmental impacts. In the present study, we conducted the first attempt to categorize and quantify POs in ambient PM2.5 through hydrolysis, which is an important transformation pathway for POs, thus revealing the reactivities of various POs. POs were generally categorized into hydrolyzable POs (HPO) and unhydrolyzable POs (UPO). HPO were further categorized into three groups: short-lifetime HPO (S-HPO), intermediate-lifetime HPO (I-HPO), and long-lifetime HPO (L-HPO). S-HPO and L-HPO are typically formed from Criegee intermediate (CI) and RO2 radical reactions, respectively. Results show that L-HPO are the most abundant HPO, indicating the dominant role of RO2 pathway in HPO formation. Despite their lower concentration compared to L-HPO, S-HPO make a major contribution to the HPO hydrolysis rate due to their faster rate constants. The hydrolysis of PM2.5 POs accounts for 19 % of the nighttime gas-phase H2O2 growth during the summer observation, constituting a noteworthy source of gas-phase H2O2 and contributing to the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Seasonal and weather conditions significantly impact the composition of POs, with HPO concentrations in summer being significantly higher than those in winter and elevated under rainy and nighttime conditions. POs are mainly composed of HPO in summer, while in winter, POs are dominated by UPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishuang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang G, Liu M, Han Y, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Xu J. The role of aldehydes on sulfur based-new particle formation: a theoretical study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13321-13335. [PMID: 38694968 PMCID: PMC11061877 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes play a crucial role in the formation of atmospheric particles, attracting significant attention due to their environmental impact. However, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the formation of aldehyde-involved particles remain uncertain. In this study, through quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the microscopic formation mechanisms of binary and ternary systems composed of three representative aldehydes, two sulfur-based acids, water, and two bases. Our research findings reveal that the most stable structures of acid-aldehyde clusters involve the connection of acids and aldehyde compounds through hydrogen bonds without involving proton transfer reactions, indicating relatively poor cluster stability. However, with the introduction of a third component, the stability of 18 clusters significantly increase. Among these, in ten systems, acids act as catalysts, facilitating reactions between aldehyde compounds and water or alkaline substances to generate glycols and amino alcohols. However, according to MD simulations conducted at 300 K, these acids readily dissociate from the resulting products. In the remaining eight systems, the most stable structural feature involves ion pairs formed by proton transfer reactions between acids and aldehyde compounds. These clusters exhibit remarkable thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, the acidity of the acid, the nature of nucleophilic agents, and the type of aldehyde all play significant roles in cluster stability and reactivity, and they have synergistic effects on the nucleation process. This study offers microscopic insights into the processes of new particle formation involving aldehydes, contributing to a deeper understanding of atmospheric chemistry at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute Jinhua Zhejiang 321013 P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| | - Yaning Han
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| | - Zhongteng Wang
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute Jinhua Zhejiang 321013 P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Satta M, Catone D, Castrovilli MC, Nicolanti F, Cartoni A. Ionic Route to Atmospheric Relevant HO 2 and Protonated Formaldehyde from Methanol Cation and O 2. Molecules 2024; 29:1484. [PMID: 38611764 PMCID: PMC11013456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gas-phase ion chemistry influences atmospheric processes, particularly in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei by producing ionic and neutral species in the upper troposphere-stratosphere region impacted by cosmic rays. This work investigates an exothermic ionic route to the formation of hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) and protonated formaldehyde from methanol radical cation and molecular oxygen. Methanol, a key atmospheric component, contributes to global emissions and participates in various chemical reactions affecting atmospheric composition. The two reactant species are of fundamental interest due to their role in atmospheric photochemical reactions, and HO2 is also notable for its production during lightning events. Our experimental investigations using synchrotron radiation reveal a fast hydrogen transfer from the methyl group of methanol to oxygen, leading to the formation of CH2OH+ and HO2. Computational analysis corroborates the experimental findings, elucidating the reaction dynamics and hydrogen transfer pathway. The rate coefficients are obtained from experimental data and shows that this reaction is fast and governed by capture theory. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of atmospheric processes and highlights the role of ion-driven reactions in atmospheric chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Satta
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials-CNR (ISMN-CNR), Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 2, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Francesca Nicolanti
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Cartoni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Debnath A, Rajakumar B. Experimental and theoretical study of Criegee intermediate (CH 2OO) reactions with n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde: kinetics, implications and atmospheric fate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6872-6884. [PMID: 38332729 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) with n-butyraldehyde (nBD) and isobutyraldehyde (iBD) were studied at 253-318 K and (50 ± 2) torr, using Cavity Ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The rate coefficients obtained at room temperature were (2.63 ± 0.14) × 10-12 and (2.20 ± 0.21) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for nBD and iBD, respectively. Both the reactions show negative temperature-dependency, following equations, knBD(T = 253-318 K) = (11.51 ± 4.33) × 10-14 × exp{(918.1 ± 107.2)/T} and kiBD(T = 253-318 K) = (6.23 ± 2.29) × 10-14 × exp{(1051.4 ± 105.2)/T} cm3 molecule-1 s-1. High-pressure limit rate coefficients were determined from theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12//B3LYP/6-311+G(2df, 2p) level of theory, with <40% deviation from the experimental results at room temperature and above. The kinetic simulations were performed using a master equation solver to predict the temperature-dependency of the rate coefficients at the experimental pressure, as well as to predict the contribution of individual pathways. The major products predicted from the theoretical calculations were formaldehyde and formic acid, along with butyric acid from nBD and isobutyric acid from iBD reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Balla Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye Q, Yao M, Wang W, Li Z, Li C, Wang S, Xiao H, Zhao Y. Multiphase interactions between sulfur dioxide and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of toluene: Reactivity and sulfate formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168736. [PMID: 37996034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the interactions between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and organic peroxides (POs) in aerosol and clouds play an important role in atmospheric sulfate formation and aerosol aging, yet the reactivity of POs arising from anthropogenic precursors toward SO2 remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the multiphase reactions of SO2 with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the photooxidation of toluene, a major type of anthropogenic SOA in the atmosphere. The reactive uptake coefficient of SO2 on toluene SOA was determined to be on the order of 10-4, depending strikingly on aerosol water content. POs contribute significantly to the multiphase reactivity of toluene SOA, but they can only explain a portion of the measured SO2 uptake, suggesting the presence of other reactive species in SOA that also contribute to the particle reactivity toward SO2. The second-order reaction rate constant (kII) between S(IV) and toluene-derived POs was estimated to be in the range of the kII values previously reported for commercially available POs (e.g., 2-butanone peroxide and 2-tert-butyl hydroperoxide) and the smallest (C1-C2) and biogenic POs. In addition, unlike commercial POs that can efficiently convert S(IV) into both inorganic sulfate and organosulfates, toluene-derived POs appear to mainly oxidize S(IV) to inorganic sulfate. Our study reveals the multiphase reactivity of typical anthropogenic SOA and POs toward SO2 and will help to develop a better understanding of the formation and evolution of atmospheric secondary aerosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Li J, Wu T, Ma T, Wei L, Zhang H, Yang X, Munger JW, Duan FK, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Fu P, McElroy MB, Song S. Model Simulations and Predictions of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China: Roles of Aqueous Aerosols and Atmospheric Acidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1589-1600. [PMID: 38154035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) has been found to be an abundant organosulfur aerosol compound in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region with a measured maximum daily mean concentration of up to 10 μg per cubic meter in winter. However, the production medium of HMS in aerosols is controversial, and it is unknown whether chemical transport models are able to capture the variations of HMS during individual haze events. In this work, we modify the parametrization of HMS chemistry in the nested-grid GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, whose simulations provide a good account of the field measurements during winter haze episodes. We find the contribution of the aqueous aerosol pathway to total HMS is about 36% in winter in Beijing, due primarily to the enhancement effect of the ionic strength on the rate constants of the reaction between dissolved formaldehyde and sulfite. Our simulations suggest that the HMS-to-inorganic sulfate ratio will increase from the baseline of 7% to 13% in the near future, given the ambitious clean air and climate mitigation policies for the BTH region. The more rapid reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx compared to NH3 alter the atmospheric acidity, which is a critical factor leading to the rising importance of HMS in particulate sulfur species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - J William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Feng-Kui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Michael B McElroy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shaojie Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Zhou M, Zhao M, Jing S, Wang H, Lu K, Shen H. Determination of Urban Formaldehyde Emission Ratios in the Shanghai Megacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16489-16499. [PMID: 37844299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed two data sets of atmospheric formaldehyde (FA) at an urban site in the Shanghai megacity during the summer of 2017 and the winter of 2017/18, with the primary objective of determining the emission ratio of formaldehyde versus carbon monoxide (CO). Through the photochemical age method and the minimum R squared (MRS) method, we derived the summer urban formaldehyde release ratios of 3.37 ppbv (ppmv of CO)-1 and 4.04 ppbv (ppmv of CO)-1, respectively. The error of both estimations is within ±20%, indicating the consistency of the results. We recognized the hourly minimum emission ratios determined from the MRS method to be indicative of actual formaldehyde emission ratios. Similarly, the emission ratio in winter is determined to be 2.10 ppbv (ppmv of CO)-1 utilizing the MRS method. The findings provide significant insights into the potential impact of motor vehicle exhaust on formaldehyde emissions in urban areas. This work demonstrates that the formaldehyde emission ratio determined by the MRS method can be used to represent the emissions of the freshest air mass. Formaldehyde photolysis contributed an average of 9% to the free radical primary reaction rate (P(ROx)) as a single chemical species during the daytime in summer, which was lower than the 11% recorded in winter. Formaldehyde emission reduction positively impacts local ozone production, so models describing ozone formation in Shanghai during summer need to reflect these emissions accurately. Evidence of the crucial catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation has been confirmed by recent research. A potentially effective way to decrease the incidence of haze days in autumn and winter in the future is therefore to focus on reducing formaldehyde emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100195, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shengao Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hengqing Shen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yao M, Zhao Y, Chang C, Wang S, Li Z, Li C, Chan AWH, Xiao H. Multiphase Reactions between Organic Peroxides and Sulfur Dioxide in Internally Mixed Inorganic and Organic Particles: Key Roles of Particle Phase Separation and Acidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15558-15570. [PMID: 37797208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides (POs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and particularly reactive toward dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2), yet the reaction kinetics between POs and SO2, especially in complex inorganic-organic mixed particles, remain poorly constrained. Here, we report the first investigation of the multiphase reactions between SO2 and POs in monoterpene-derived secondary organic aerosol internally mixed with different inorganic salts (ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sodium nitrate). We find that when the particles are phase-separated, the PO-S(IV) reactivity is consistent with that measured in pure SOA and depends markedly on the water content in the organic shell. However, when the organic and inorganic phases are miscible, the PO-S(IV) reactivity varies substantially among different aerosol systems, mainly driven by their distinct acidities (not by ionic strength). The second-order PO-S(IV) rate constant decreases monotonically from 5 × 105 to 75 M-1 s-1 in the pH range of 0.1-5.6. Both proton catalysis and general acid catalysis contribute to S(IV) oxidation, with their corresponding third-order rate constants determined to be (6.4 ± 0.7) × 106 and (6.9 ± 4.6) × 104 M-2 s-1 at pH 2-6, respectively. The measured kinetics imply that the PO-S(IV) reaction in aerosol is an important sulfate formation pathway, with the reaction kinetics dominated by general acid catalysis at pH > 3 under typical continental atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongxuan Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang T, Wen M, Ding C, Zhang Y, Ma X, Wang Z, Lily M, Liu J, Wang R. Multiple evaluations of atmospheric behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO: Gas-phase and air-water interface reaction. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:308-319. [PMID: 36522063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the high abundance of water in the atmosphere, the reaction of Criegee intermediates (CIs) with (H2O)2 is considered to be the predominant removal pathway for CIs. However, recent experimental findings reported that the reactions of CIs with organic acids and carbonyls are faster than expected. At the same time, the interface behavior between CIs and carbonyls has not been reported so far. Here, the gas-phase and air-water interface behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO were explored by adopting high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. Quantum chemical calculations evidence that the gas-phase reactions of CIs + HCHO are submerged energy or low energy barriers processes. The rate ratios speculate that the HCHO could be not only a significant tropospheric scavenger of CIs, but also an inhibitor in the oxidizing ability of CIs on SOx in dry and highly polluted areas with abundant HCHO concentration. The reactions of CH2OO with HCHO at the droplet's surface follow a loop structure mechanism to produce i) SOZ (), ii) BHMP (HOCH2OOCH2OH), and iii) HMHP (HOCH2OOH). Considering the harsh reaction conditions between CIs and HCHO at the interface (i.e., the two molecules must be sufficiently close to each other), the hydration of CIs is still their main atmospheric loss pathway. These results could help us get a better interpretation of the underlying CIs-aldehydes chemical processes in the global polluted urban atmospheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Makroni Lily
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Junhai Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Zhao Y, Chan AWH, Yao M, Chen Z, Abbatt JPD. Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1635-1679. [PMID: 36630720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (-O-O-) functional groups. POs are commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve as temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HOx and ROx) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gas-particle partitioning behavior, and reactivity, POs are key reactive intermediates in atmospheric multiphase processes determining the life cycle (formation, growth, and aging), climate, and health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps in the origin, molecular diversity, and fate of POs due to their complex nature and dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize the current understanding on atmospheric POs, with a focus on their identification and quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, multiphase chemical transformation pathways, as well as environmental and health impacts. We find that interactions with SO2 and transition metal ions are generally the fast PO transformation pathways in atmospheric liquid water, with lifetimes estimated to be minutes to hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important for α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis and thermolysis are likely minor sinks for POs. These multiphase PO transformation pathways are distinctly different from their gas-phase fates, such as photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, which highlights the need to understand the multiphase partitioning of POs. By summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of POs, we propose future research priorities regarding their origin, fate, and impacts in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li D, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang G, Zhou D, Xiao B. Selective catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde on single V- and Cr-atom decorated magnetic C 4N 3 substrate: A first principles study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129608. [PMID: 35872455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the most common indoor hazardous pollutant and has attracted great concern because its long-term exposure has adverse health effects on humans. Retention and catalytic oxidation of highly hazardous HCHO is an efficient and environmentally friendly method to use for air remediation, but a major obstacle to this procedure is the lack of an appropriate catalyst. Herein, two-dimensional magnetic C4N3 material with a 3d-transition metal as activate sites was systemically investigated in HCHO oxidation using density functional theory calculations. The results show that V-C4N3 and Cr-C4N3 have high structural stability and shallow activation barriers for O2 decomposition; these characteristics provide the necessary precursors for the subsequent oxidation reaction. Moreover, the V-C4N3 and Cr-C4N3 catalysts have unique selective adsorption and catalysis toward HCHO in a mixture of some typical in-door volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air. The corresponding dynamic barrier for each reaction step was investigated and the mechanism involved in HCHO oxidation was revealed in detail. Aggregation of metal atoms in the V-C4N3 and Cr-C4N3 catalysts is prevented by enormous diffusion resistance, and this is further confirmed by AIMD simulations. These results provide insightful guidance for developing advanced magnetic catalysts for HCHO oxidation to improve the remediation of air contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiao Li
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xianfei Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Guanru Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Beibei Xiao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| |
Collapse
|