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Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Sheng S, Guan Z, Cong Y. Hemagglutinin glycosylation pattern-specific effects: implications for the fitness of H9.4.2.5-branched H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2364736. [PMID: 38847071 PMCID: PMC11182062 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2364736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Since 2007, h9.4.2.5 has emerged as the most predominant branch of H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that affects the majority of the global poultry population. The spread of this viral branch in vaccinated chicken flocks has not been considerably curbed despite numerous efforts. The evolutionary fitness of h9.4.2.5-branched AIVs must consequently be taken into consideration. The glycosylation modifications of hemagglutinin (HA) play a pivotal role in regulating the balance between receptor affinity and immune evasion for influenza viruses. Sequence alignment showed that five major HA glycosylation patterns have evolved over time in h9.4.2.5-branched AIVs. Here, we compared the adaptive phenotypes of five virus mutants with different HA glycosylation patterns. According to the results, the mutant with 6 N-linked glycans displayed the best acid and thermal stability and a better capacity for multiplication, although having a relatively lower receptor affinity than 7 glycans. The antigenic profile between the five mutants revealed a distinct antigenic distance, indicating that variations in glycosylation level have an impact on antigenic drift. These findings suggest that changes in the number of glycans on HA can not only modulate the receptor affinity and antigenicity of H9N2 AIVs, but also affect their stability and multiplication. These adaptive phenotypes may underlie the biological basis for the dominant strain switchover of h9.4.2.5-branched AIVs. Overall, our study provides a systematic insight into how changes in HA glycosylation patterns regulate the evolutionary fitness and epidemiological dominance drift of h9.4.2.5-branched H9N2 AIVs, which will be of great benefit for the glycosylation-dependent vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Sun
- Department of Policies and Regulations, Changchun University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouzhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenhong Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Langedijk JPM, Cox F, Johnson NV, van Overveld D, Le L, van den Hoogen W, Voorzaat R, Zahn R, van der Fits L, Juraszek J, McLellan JS, Bakkers MJG. Universal paramyxovirus vaccine design by stabilizing regions involved in structural transformation of the fusion protein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4629. [PMID: 38821950 PMCID: PMC11143371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family encompasses medically significant RNA viruses, including human respiroviruses 1 and 3 (RV1, RV3), and zoonotic pathogens like Nipah virus (NiV). RV3, previously known as parainfluenza type 3, for which no vaccines or antivirals have been approved, causes respiratory tract infections in vulnerable populations. The RV3 fusion (F) protein is inherently metastable and will likely require prefusion (preF) stabilization for vaccine effectiveness. Here we used structure-based design to stabilize regions involved in structural transformation to generate a preF protein vaccine antigen with high expression and stability, and which, by stabilizing the coiled-coil stem region, does not require a heterologous trimerization domain. The preF candidate induces strong neutralizing antibody responses in both female naïve and pre-exposed mice and provides protection in a cotton rat challenge model (female). Despite the evolutionary distance of paramyxovirus F proteins, their structural transformation and local regions of instability are conserved, which allows successful transfer of stabilizing substitutions to the distant preF proteins of RV1 and NiV. This work presents a successful vaccine antigen design for RV3 and provides a toolbox for future paramyxovirus vaccine design and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P M Langedijk
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Lam Le
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark J G Bakkers
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Dadonaite B, Ahn JJ, Ort JT, Yu J, Furey C, Dosey A, Hannon WW, Vincent Baker AL, Webby R, King NP, Liu Y, Hensley SE, Peacock TP, Moncla LH, Bloom JD. Deep mutational scanning of H5 hemagglutinin to inform influenza virus surveillance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595634. [PMID: 38826368 PMCID: PMC11142178 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
H5 influenza is considered a potential pandemic threat. Recently, H5 viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b have caused large outbreaks in avian and multiple non-human mammalian species1,2. Previous studies have identified molecular phenotypes of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein that contribute to pandemic potential in humans, including cell entry, receptor preference, HA stability, and reduced neutralization by polyclonal sera3-6. However, prior experimental work has only measured how these phenotypes are affected by a handful of the >10,000 different possible amino-acid mutations to HA. Here we use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning7 to measure how all mutations to a 2.3.4.4b H5 HA affect each phenotype. We identify mutations that allow HA to better bind α2-6-linked sialic acids, and show that some viruses already carry mutations that stabilize HA. We also measure how all HA mutations affect neutralization by sera from mice and ferrets vaccinated against or infected with 2.3.4.4b H5 viruses. These antigenic maps enable rapid assessment of when new viral strains have acquired mutations that may create mismatches with candidate vaccine strains. Overall, the systematic nature of deep mutational scanning combined with the safety of pseudoviruses enables comprehensive measurements of the phenotypic effects of mutations that can inform real-time interpretation of viral variation observed during surveillance of H5 influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Dadonaite
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Jenny J. Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jordan T. Ort
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Colleen Furey
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Annie Dosey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William W. Hannon
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Amy L. Vincent Baker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas P. Peacock
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom, GU24 0NF
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary’s Medical School, Imperial College London, W2 1PG
| | - Louise H. Moncla
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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4
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Litvinova VR, Rudometov AP, Rudometova NB, Kisakov DN, Borgoyakova MB, Kisakova LA, Starostina EV, Fando AA, Yakovlev VA, Tigeeva EV, Ivanova KI, Gudymo AS, Ilyicheva TN, Marchenko VY, Sergeev AA, Ilyichev AA, Karpenko LI. DNA Vaccine Encoding a Modified Hemagglutinin Trimer of Avian Influenza A Virus H5N8 Protects Mice from Viral Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:538. [PMID: 38793789 PMCID: PMC11126123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against avian influenza A virus (AIV) H5N8 is relevant due to the widespread distribution of this virus in the bird population and the existing potential risk of human infection, which can lead to significant public health concerns. Here, we developed an experimental pVAX-H5 DNA vaccine encoding a modified trimer of AIV H5N8 hemagglutinin. Immunization of BALB/c mice with pVAX-H5 using jet injection elicited high titer antibody response (the average titer in ELISA was 1 × 105), and generated a high level of neutralizing antibodies against H5N8 and T-cell response, as determined by ELISpot analysis. Both liquid and lyophilized forms of pVAX-H5 DNA vaccine provided 100% protection of immunized mice against lethal challenge with influenza A virus A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8). The results obtained indicate that pVAX-H5 has good opportunities as a vaccine candidate against the influenza A virus (H5N8).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey P. Rudometov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (V.R.L.); (N.B.R.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (L.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.F.); (E.V.T.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
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5
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Maurer DP, Vu M, Schmidt AG. Antigenic drift expands viral escape pathways from imprinted host humoral immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585891. [PMID: 38562862 PMCID: PMC10983950 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
An initial virus exposure can imprint antibodies such that future responses to antigenically drifted strains are dependent on the identity of the imprinting strain. Subsequent exposure to antigenically distinct strains followed by affinity maturation can guide immune responses toward generation of cross-reactive antibodies. How viruses evolve in turn to escape these imprinted broad antibody responses is unclear. Here, we used clonal antibody lineages from two human donors recognizing conserved influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes to assess viral escape potential using deep mutational scanning. We show that even though antibody affinity maturation does restrict the number of potential escape routes in the imprinting strain through repositioning the antibody variable domains, escape is still readily observed in drifted strains and attributed to epistatic networks within HA. These data explain how influenza virus continues to evolve in the human population by escaping even broad antibody responses.
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6
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Rudometova NB, Fando AA, Kisakova LA, Kisakov DN, Borgoyakova MB, Litvinova VR, Yakovlev VA, Tigeeva EV, Vahitov DI, Sharabrin SV, Shcherbakov DN, Evseenko VI, Ivanova KI, Gudymo AS, Ilyicheva TN, Marchenko VY, Ilyichev AA, Rudometov AP, Karpenko LI. Immunogenic and Protective Properties of Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H5N8) Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38400127 PMCID: PMC10893068 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H5N8) virus produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1s). Immunochemical analysis showed that the recombinant hemagglutinin was recognized by the serum of ferrets infected with influenza A (H5N8) virus, indicating that its antigenic properties were retained. Two groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with intramuscular injection of recombinant hemagglutinin or propiolactone inactivated A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus. The results demonstrated that both immunogens induced a specific antibody response as determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization assay revealed that sera of immunized animals were able to neutralize A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus-the average neutralizing titer was 2560. Immunization with both recombinant HA/H5 hemagglutinin and inactivated virus gave 100% protection against lethal H5N8 virus challenge. This study shows that recombinant HA (H5N8) protein may be a useful antigen candidate for developing subunit vaccines against influenza A (H5N8) virus with suitable immunogenicity and protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda B. Rudometova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Anastasia A. Fando
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Lyubov A. Kisakova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Denis N. Kisakov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Mariya B. Borgoyakova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Victoria R. Litvinova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Yakovlev
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Elena V. Tigeeva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Danil I. Vahitov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Sharabrin
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Dmitriy N. Shcherbakov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Veronika I. Evseenko
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Novosibirsk Region, Russia;
| | - Ksenia I. Ivanova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Andrei S. Gudymo
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Tatiana N. Ilyicheva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Vasiliy Yu. Marchenko
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Ilyichev
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Andrey P. Rudometov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
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7
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Ellis D, Dosey A, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Park YJ, Gillespie R, Syeda H, Hutchinson GB, Tsybovsky Y, Murphy M, Pettie D, Matheson N, Chan S, Ueda G, Fallas JA, Carter L, Graham BS, Veesler D, Kanekiyo M, King NP. Antigen spacing on protein nanoparticles influences antibody responses to vaccination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113552. [PMID: 38096058 PMCID: PMC10801709 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogen design approaches aim to control the specificity and quality of antibody responses elicited by next-generation vaccines. Here, we use computational protein design to generate a nanoparticle vaccine platform based on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) that enables precise control of antigen conformation and spacing. HA RBDs are presented as either monomers or native-like closed trimers that are connected to the underlying nanoparticle by a rigid linker that is modularly extended to precisely control antigen spacing. Nanoparticle immunogens with decreased spacing between trimeric RBDs elicit antibodies with improved hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization potency as well as binding breadth across diverse H1 HAs. Our "trihead" nanoparticle immunogen platform provides insights into anti-HA immunity, establishes antigen spacing as an important parameter in structure-based vaccine design, and embodies several design features that could be used in next-generation vaccines against influenza and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ellis
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Annie Dosey
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubza Syeda
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Hutchinson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nick Matheson
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jorge A Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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8
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Swart M, Kuipers H, Milder F, Jongeneelen M, Ritschel T, Tolboom J, Muchene L, van der Lubbe J, Izquierdo Gil A, Veldman D, Huizingh J, Verspuij J, Schmit-Tillemans S, Blokland S, de Man M, Roozendaal R, Fox CB, Schuitemaker H, Capelle M, Langedijk JPM, Zahn R, Brandenburg B. Enhancing breadth and durability of humoral immune responses in non-human primates with an adjuvanted group 1 influenza hemagglutinin stem antigen. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:176. [PMID: 37952003 PMCID: PMC10640631 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines must be updated annually and suboptimally protect against strains mismatched to the selected vaccine strains. We previously developed a subunit vaccine antigen consisting of a stabilized trimeric influenza A group 1 hemagglutinin (H1) stem protein that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, we further optimized the stability and manufacturability of the H1 stem antigen (H1 stem v2, also known as INFLUENZA G1 mHA) and characterized its formulation and potency with different adjuvants in vitro and in animal models. The recombinant H1 stem antigen (50 µg) was administered to influenza-naïve non-human primates either with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] + NaCl, AS01B, or SLA-LSQ formulations at week 0, 8 and 34. These SLA-LSQ formulations comprised of varying ratios of the synthetic TLR4 agonist 'second generation synthetic lipid adjuvant' (SLA) with liposomal QS-21 (LSQ). A vaccine formulation with aluminum hydroxide or SLA-LSQ (starting at a 10:25 µg ratio) induced HA-specific antibodies and breadth of neutralization against a panel of influenza A group 1 pseudoviruses, comparable with vaccine formulated with AS01B, four weeks after the second immunization. A formulation with SLA-LSQ in a 5:2 μg ratio contained larger fused or aggregated liposomes and induced significantly lower humoral responses. Broadly HA stem-binding antibodies were detectable for the entire period after the second vaccine dose up to week 34, after which they were boosted by a third vaccine dose. These findings inform about potential adjuvant formulations in clinical trials with an H1 stem-based vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Swart
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fin Milder
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tina Ritschel
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Blokland
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Pedenko B, Sulbaran G, Guilligay D, Effantin G, Weissenhorn W. SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein Stabilization Strategies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020558. [PMID: 36851772 PMCID: PMC9960574 DOI: 10.3390/v15020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has again shown that structural biology plays an important role in understanding biological mechanisms and exploiting structural data for therapeutic interventions. Notably, previous work on SARS-related glycoproteins has paved the way for the rapid structural determination of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, which is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, all vaccine approaches aimed to employ S as an immunogen to induce neutralizing antibodies. Like all enveloped virus glycoproteins, SARS-CoV-2 S native prefusion trimers are in a metastable conformation, which primes the glycoprotein for the entry process via membrane fusion. S-mediated entry is associated with major conformational changes in S, which can expose many off-target epitopes that deviate vaccination approaches from the major aim of inducing neutralizing antibodies, which mainly target the native prefusion trimer conformation. Here, we review the viral glycoprotein stabilization methods developed prior to SARS-CoV-2, and applied to SARS-CoV-2 S, in order to stabilize S in the prefusion conformation. The importance of structure-based approaches is highlighted by the benefits of employing stabilized S trimers versus non-stabilized S in vaccines with respect to their protective efficacy.
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10
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Badten A, Ramirez A, Hernandez-Davies JE, Albin TJ, Jain A, Nakajima R, Felgner J, Davies DH, Wang SW. Protein Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Enhances Immunogenicity and Breadth of the Antibody Response. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:239-252. [PMID: 36607269 PMCID: PMC9926493 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of seasonal influenza vaccines administered each year are derived from virus propagated in eggs using technology that has changed little since the 1930s. The immunogenicity, durability, and breadth of response would likely benefit from a recombinant nanoparticle-based approach. Although the E2 protein nanoparticle (NP) platform has been previously shown to promote effective cell-mediated responses to peptide epitopes, it has not yet been reported to deliver whole protein antigens. In this study, we synthesized a novel maleimido tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) linker to couple protein hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 influenza virus to the E2 NP, and we evaluated the HA-specific antibody responses using protein microarrays. We found that recombinant H1 protein alone is immunogenic in mice but requires two boosts for IgG to be detected and is strongly IgG1 (Th2) polarized. When conjugated to E2 NPs, IgG2c is produced leading to a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. Inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) significantly enhances the immunogenicity of H1-E2 NPs while retaining the Th1/Th2 balance. Interestingly, broader homo- and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity is also observed for conjugated H1-E2 with MPLA, compared to unconjugated H1 with or without MPLA. These results highlight the potential of an NP-based delivery of HA for tuning the immunogenicity, breadth, and Th1/Th2 balance generated by recombinant HA-based vaccination. Furthermore, the modularity of this protein-protein conjugation strategy may have utility for future vaccine development against other human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Badten
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tyler J. Albin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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11
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Ebel H, Benecke T, Vollmer B. Stabilisation of Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins in Prefusion Conformation by Structure-Based Design for Structure Determination and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 14:1816. [PMID: 36016438 PMCID: PMC9415420 DOI: 10.3390/v14081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane surface of enveloped viruses contains dedicated proteins enabling the fusion of the viral with the host cell membrane. Working with these proteins is almost always challenging because they are membrane-embedded and naturally metastable. Fortunately, based on a range of different examples, researchers now have several possibilities to tame membrane fusion proteins, making them amenable for structure determination and immunogen generation. This review describes the structural and functional similarities of the different membrane fusion proteins and ways to exploit these features to stabilise them by targeted mutational approaches. The recent determination of two herpesvirus membrane fusion proteins in prefusion conformation holds the potential to apply similar methods to this group of viral fusogens. In addition to a better understanding of the herpesviral fusion mechanism, the structural insights gained will help to find ways to further stabilise these proteins using the methods described to obtain stable immunogens that will form the basis for the development of the next generation of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Ebel
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Benecke
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Vollmer
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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