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Brödel AK, Charpenay LH, Galtier M, Fuche FJ, Terrasse R, Poquet C, Havránek J, Pignotti S, Krawczyk A, Arraou M, Prevot G, Spadoni D, Yarnall MTN, Hessel EM, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Duportet X, Bikard D. In situ targeted base editing of bacteria in the mouse gut. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07681-w. [PMID: 38987595 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbiome research is now demonstrating a growing number of bacterial strains and genes that affect our health1. Although CRISPR-derived tools have shown great success in editing disease-driving genes in human cells2, we currently lack the tools to achieve comparable success for bacterial targets in situ. Here we engineer a phage-derived particle to deliver a base editor and modify Escherichia coli colonizing the mouse gut. Editing of a β-lactamase gene in a model E. coli strain resulted in a median editing efficiency of 93% of the target bacterial population with a single dose. Edited bacteria were stably maintained in the mouse gut for at least 42 days following treatment. This was achieved using a non-replicative DNA vector, preventing maintenance and dissemination of the payload. We then leveraged this approach to edit several genes of therapeutic relevance in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in vitro and demonstrate in situ editing of a gene involved in the production of curli in a pathogenic E. coli strain. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of modifying bacteria directly in the gut, offering a new avenue to investigate the function of bacterial genes and opening the door to the design of new microbiome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Bikard
- Eligo Bioscience, Paris, France.
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Synthetic Biology, Paris, France.
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2
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Kolla HB, Dutt M, Kumar A, Hebbandi Nanjunadappa R, Karakach T, Singh KP, Kelvin D, Clement Mertens PP, Umeshappa CS. Immuno-informatics study identifies conserved T cell epitopes in non-structural proteins of Bluetongue virus serotypes: formulation of a computationally optimized next-generation broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1424307. [PMID: 39011043 PMCID: PMC11246920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1424307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bluetongue (BT) poses a significant threat to the livestock industry, affecting various animal species and resulting in substantial economic losses. The existence of numerous BT virus (BTV) serotypes has hindered control efforts, highlighting the need for broad-spectrum vaccines. Methodology In this study, we evaluated the conserved amino acid sequences within key non-structural (NS) proteins of BTV and identified numerous highly conserved murine- and bovine-specific MHC class I-restricted (MHC-I) CD8+ and MHC-II-restricted CD4+ epitopes. We then screened these conserved epitopes for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and solubility. Using these epitopes, we developed in silico-based broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccines with Toll-like receptor (TLR-4) agonists. The predicted proinflammatory cytokine response was assessed in silico using the C-IMMSIM server. Structural modeling and refinement were achieved using Robetta and GalaxyWEB servers. Finally, we assessed the stability of the docking complexes through extensive 100-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations before considering the vaccines for codon optimization and in silico cloning. Results We found many epitopes that meet these criteria within NS1 and NS2 proteins and developed in silico broad-spectrum vaccines. The immune simulation studies revealed that these vaccines induce high levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the vaccinated groups. Protein-protein docking analysis demonstrated promising epitopes with strong binding affinities to TLR-4. The docked complexes were stable, with minimal Root Mean Square Deviation and Root Mean Square Fluctuation values. Finally, the in silico-cloned plasmids have high % of GC content with > 0.8 codon adaptation index, suggesting they are suitable for expressing the protein vaccines in prokaryotic system. Discussion These next-generation vaccine designs are promising and warrant further investigation in wet lab experiments to assess their immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy for practical application in livestock. Our findings offer a robust framework for developing a comprehensive, broad-spectrum vaccine, potentially revolutionizing BT control and prevention strategies in the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Babu Kolla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Immunology Division, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mansi Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Immunology Division, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Immunology Division, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roopa Hebbandi Nanjunadappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Immunology Division, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Center for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - David Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Immunology Division, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Immunology Division, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Vatanen T, de Beaufort C, Marcovecchio ML, Overbergh L, Brunak S, Peakman M, Mathieu C, Knip M. Gut microbiome shifts in people with type 1 diabetes are associated with glycaemic control: an INNODIA study. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06192-7. [PMID: 38832971 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The gut microbiome is implicated in the disease process leading to clinical type 1 diabetes, but less is known about potential changes in the gut microbiome after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and implications in glucose homeostasis. We aimed to analyse potential associations between the gut microbiome composition and clinical and laboratory data during a 2 year follow-up of people with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, recruited to the Innovative approaches to understanding and arresting type 1 diabetes (INNODIA) study. In addition, we analysed the microbiome composition in initially unaffected family members, who progressed to clinical type 1 diabetes during or after their follow-up for 4 years. METHODS We characterised the gut microbiome composition of 98 individuals with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (ND cohort) and 194 autoantibody-positive unaffected family members (UFM cohort), representing a subgroup of the INNODIA Natural History Study, using metagenomic sequencing. Participants from the ND cohort attended study visits within 6 weeks from the diagnosis and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months later for stool sample collection and laboratory tests (HbA1c, C-peptide, diabetes-associated autoantibodies). Participants from the UFM cohort were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months later. RESULTS We observed a longitudinal increase in 21 bacterial species in the ND cohort but not in the UFM cohort. The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was inversely associated with the HbA1c levels at diagnosis (p=0.0019). The rate of the subsequent disease progression in the ND cohort, as assessed by change in HbA1c, C-peptide levels and insulin dose, was associated with the abundance of several bacterial species. Individuals with rapid decrease in C-peptide levels in the ND cohort had the lowest gut microbiome diversity. Nineteen individuals who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in the UFM cohort had increased abundance of Sutterella sp. KLE1602 compared with the undiagnosed UFM individuals (p=1.2 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data revealed associations between the gut microbiome composition and the disease progression in individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Future mechanistic studies as well as animal studies and human trials are needed to further validate the significance and causality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Vatanen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Carine de Beaufort
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (DECCP), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Lut Overbergh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Peakman
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikael Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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4
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de Jong MJM, Schaftenaar FH, Depuydt MAC, Lozano Vigario F, Janssen GMC, Peeters JAHM, Goncalves L, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Kuiper J, Bot I, van Veelen P, Slütter B. Virus-Associated CD8 + T-Cells Are Not Activated Through Antigen-Mediated Interaction Inside Atherosclerotic Lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1302-1314. [PMID: 38511327 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral infections have been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and CD8+ T-cells directed against common viruses, such as influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, have been detected inside human atherosclerotic lesions. These virus-specific CD8+ T-cells have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis; however, whether they affect disease progression directly remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the activation status of virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in the atherosclerotic lesion. METHODS The presence, clonality, tissue enrichment, and phenotype of virus-associated CD8+ T-cells in atherosclerotic lesions were assessed by exploiting bulk T-cell receptor-β sequencing and single-cell T-cell receptor (α and β) sequencing datasets on human endarterectomy samples and patient-matched blood samples. To investigate if virus-specific CD8+ T-cells can be activated through T-cell receptor stimulation in the atherosclerotic lesion, the immunopeptidome of human plaques was determined. RESULTS Virus-associated CD8+ T-cells accumulated more in the atherosclerotic lesion (mean=2.0%), compared with patient-matched blood samples (mean=1.4%; P=0.05), and were more clonally expanded and tissue enriched in the atherosclerotic lesion in comparison with nonassociated CD8+ T-cells from the lesion. Single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that these virus-associated CD8+ T-cells were phenotypically highly similar to other CD8+ T-cells in the lesion and that both exhibited a more activated phenotype compared with circulating T-cells. Interestingly, virus-associated CD8+ T-cells are unlikely to be activated through antigen-specific interactions in the atherosclerotic lesion, as no virus-derived peptides were detected on HLA-I in the lesion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that virus-specific CD8+ T-cells are tissue enriched in atherosclerotic lesions; however, their potential contribution to inflammation may involve antigen-independent mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/virology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Male
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Aged
- Carotid Artery Diseases/immunology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/virology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J M de Jong
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - George M C Janssen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, the Netherlands (G.M.C.J., P.v.V.)
| | - Judith A H M Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Lauren Goncalves
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, the Netherlands (G.M.C.J., P.v.V.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
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Reches G, Khoon L, Ghanayiem N, Malka A, Piran R. Controlling autoimmune diabetes onset by targeting Protease-Activated Receptor 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116622. [PMID: 38653114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a challenging autoimmune disease, characterized by an immune system assault on insulin-producing β-cells. As insulin facilitates glucose absorption into cells and tissues, β-cell deficiency leads to elevated blood glucose levels on one hand and target-tissues starvation on the other. Despite efforts to halt β-cell destruction and stimulate recovery, success has been limited. Our recent investigations identified Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (Par2) as a promising target in the battle against autoimmunity. We discovered that Par2 activation's effects depend on its initial activation site: exacerbating the disease within the immune system but fostering regeneration in affected tissue. METHODS We utilized tissue-specific Par2 knockout mice strains with targeted Par2 mutations in β-cells, lymphocytes, and the eye retina (as a control) in the NOD autoimmune diabetes model, examining T1D onset and β-cell survival. RESULTS We discovered that Par2 expression within the immune system accelerates autoimmune processes, while its presence in β-cells offers protection against β-cell destruction and T1D onset. This suggests a dual-strategy treatment for T1D: inhibiting Par2 in the immune system while activating it in β-cells, offering a promising strategy for T1D. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights Par2's potential as a drug target for autoimmune diseases, particularly T1D. Our results pave the way for precision medicine approaches in treating autoimmune conditions through targeted Par2 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Reches
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Lynn Khoon
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Assaf Malka
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ron Piran
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Kaur N, Singh J, Minz RW, Anand S, Saikia B, Bhadada SK, Dayal D, Kumar M, Dhanda SK. Shared and distinct genetics of pure type 1 diabetes and type 1 diabetes with celiac disease, homology in their auto-antigens and immune dysregulation states: a study from North India. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:791-805. [PMID: 38483572 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was undertaken to explicate the shared and distinctive genetic susceptibility and immune dysfunction in patients with T1D alone and T1D with CD (T1D + CD). METHODS A total of 100 T1D, 50 T1D + CD and 150 healthy controls were recruited. HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles were determined by PCR-sequence-specific primer method, SNP genotyping for CTLA-4 and PTPN22 was done by simple probe-based SNP-array and genotyping for INS-23 Hph1 A/T was done by RFLP. Autoantibodies and cytokine estimation was done by ELISA. Immune-regulation was analysed by flow-cytometry. Clustering of autoantigen epitopes was done by epitope cluster analytical tool. RESULTS Both T1D alone and T1D + CD had a shared association of DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04, DRB3*01:07/15 and DQB1*02. DRB3*01:07/15 confers the highest risk for T1D with relative risk of 11.32 (5.74-22.31). Non-HLA gene polymorphisms PTPN22 and INS could discriminate between T1D and T1D + CD. T1D + CD have significantly higher titers of autoantibodies, expression of costimulatory molecules on CD4 and CD8 cells, and cytokine IL-17A and TGF-β1 levels compared to T1D patients. Epitopes from immunodominant regions of autoantigens of T1D and CD clustered together with 40% homology. CONCLUSION Same HLA genes provide susceptibility for both T1D and CD. Non-HLA genes CTLA4, PTPN22 and INS provide further susceptibility while different polymorphisms in PTPN22 and INS can discriminate between T1D and T1D + CD. Epitope homology between autoantigens of two diseases further encourages the two diseases to occur together. The T1D + CD being more common in females along with co-existence of thyroid autoimmunity, and have more immune dysregulated state than T1D alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navchetan Kaur
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sandeep K Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Now at Department of Oncology, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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7
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Jiang SQ, Ye SN, Huang YH, Ou YW, Chen KY, Chen JS, Tang SB. Gut microbiota induced abnormal amino acids and their correlation with diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:883-895. [PMID: 38766339 PMCID: PMC11074191 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.05.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the correlation of gut microbiota and the metabolites with the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and provide a novel strategy to elucidate the pathological mechanism of DR. METHODS The fecal samples from 32 type 2 diabetes patients with proliferative retinopathy (PDR), 23 with non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR), 27 without retinopathy (DM), and 29 from the sex-, age- and BMI- matched healthy controls (29 HC) were analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Sixty fecal samples from PDR, DM, and HC groups were assayed by untargeted metabolomics. Fecal metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Associations between gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were analyzed. RESULTS A cluster of 2 microbiome and 12 metabolites accompanied with the severity of DR, and the close correlation of the disease progression with PDR-related microbiome and metabolites were found. To be specific, the structure of gut microbiota differed in four groups. Diversity and richness of gut microbiota were significantly lower in PDR and NPDR groups, than those in DM and HC groups. A cluster of microbiome enriched in PDR group, including Pseudomonas, Ruminococcaceae-UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae-UCG-005, Christensenellaceae-R-7, was observed. Functional analysis showed that the glucose and nicotinate degradations were significantly higher in PDR group than those in HC group. Arginine, serine, ornithine, and arachidonic acid were significantly enriched in PDR group, while proline was enriched in HC group. Functional analysis illustrated that arginine biosynthesis, lysine degradation, histidine catabolism, central carbon catabolism in cancer, D-arginine and D-ornithine catabolism were elevated in PDR group. Correlation analysis revealed that Ruminococcaceae-UCG-002 and Christensenellaceae-R-7 were positively associated with L-arginine, ornithine levels in fecal samples. CONCLUSION This study elaborates the different microbiota structure in the gut from four groups. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae-UCG-002 and Parabacteroides are associated with the severity of DR. Amino acid and fatty acid catabolism is especially disordered in PDR group. This may help provide a novel diagnostic parameter for DR, especially PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qun Jiang
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Su-Na Ye
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yin-Hua Huang
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Wen Ou
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke-Yang Chen
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian-Su Chen
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Bo Tang
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute and Changsha Aier Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
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Dey P. Good girl goes bad: Understanding how gut commensals cause disease. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106617. [PMID: 38492827 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the complex connection between commensal microbiota and the development of opportunistic infections. Several underlying conditions, such as metabolic diseases and weakened immune systems, increase the vulnerability of patients to opportunistic infections. The increasing antibiotic resistance adds significant complexity to the management of infectious diseases. Although commensals have long been considered beneficial, recent research contradicts this notion by uncovering chronic illnesses linked to atypical pathogens or commensal bacteria. This review examines conditions in which commensal bacteria, which are usually beneficial, contribute to developing diseases. Commensals' support for opportunistic infections can be categorized based on factors such as colonization fitness, pathoadaptive mutation, and evasion of host immune response. Individuals with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible, highlighting the importance of mucosal host-microbiota interaction in promoting infection when conditions are inappropriate. Dysregulation of gut microbial homeostasis, immunological modulation, and microbial interactions are caused by several factors that contribute to the development of chronic illnesses. Knowledge about these mechanisms is essential for developing preventive measures, particularly for susceptible populations, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota in reducing the impact of opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India.
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Zhang J, Wang H, Liu Y, Shi M, Zhang M, Zhang H, Chen J. Advances in fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370999. [PMID: 38660489 PMCID: PMC11039806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of chronic diseases with global prevalence, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from various etiologies. DM can harm various organ systems and lead to acute or chronic complications, which severely endanger human well-being. Traditional treatment mainly involves controlling blood sugar levels through replacement therapy with drugs and insulin; however, some patients still find a satisfactory curative effect difficult to achieve. Extensive research has demonstrated a close correlation between enteric dysbacteriosis and the pathogenesis of various types of DM, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota to manage DM. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a method for re-establishing the intestinal microbiome balance, offers new possibilities for treating diabetes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the correlation between DM and the gut microbiota, as well as the current advancements in FMT treatment for DM, using FMT as an illustrative example. This study aims to offer novel perspectives and establish a theoretical foundation for the clinical diagnosis and management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Mine K, Nagafuchi S, Akazawa S, Abiru N, Mori H, Kurisaki H, Shimoda K, Yoshikai Y, Takahashi H, Anzai K. TYK2 signaling promotes the development of autoreactive CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes and type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1337. [PMID: 38351043 PMCID: PMC10864272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the JAK family, has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. However, the role of TYK2 in CD8+ T cells and autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly understood. In this study, we generate Tyk2 gene knockout non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice and demonstrate that the loss of Tyk2 inhibits the development of autoreactive CD8+ T-BET+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by impairing IL-12 signaling in CD8+ T cells and the CD8+ resident dendritic cell-driven cross-priming of CTLs in the pancreatic lymph node (PLN). Tyk2-deficient CTLs display reduced cytotoxicity. Increased inflammatory responses in β-cells with aging are dampened by Tyk2 deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with BMS-986165, a selective TYK2 inhibitor, inhibits the expansion of T-BET+ CTLs, inflammation in β-cells and the onset of autoimmune T1D in NOD mice. Thus, our study reveals the diverse roles of TYK2 in driving the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoru Akazawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Midori Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hironori Kurisaki
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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11
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Kumar M, Muthurayar T, Karthika S, Gayathri S, Varalakshmi P, Ashokkumar B. Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Lactobacillus Strains by Modulating Gut Microbiota Structure and β-Cells Regeneration in the Pancreatic Islets of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7. [PMID: 38329697 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a most common endocrine disorder of glucose metabolism, has become a global epidemic and poses a serious public health threat with an increased socio-economic burden. Escalating incidence of diabetes is correlated with changes in lifestyle and food habits that cause gut microbiome dysbiosis and β-cells damage, which can be addressed with dietary interventions containing probiotics. Hence, the search for probiotics of human origin with anti-diabetic, anti-AGE, and anti-ACE potentials has gained renewed interest for the effective management of diabetes and its associated complications. The present study used an alloxan (AXN)-induced diabetic rat model to investigate the effects of potential probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei MKU1, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus MKU3, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKU7 administration individually on physiochemical parameters related to diabetic pathogenesis. Experimental animals were randomly allotted into six groups viz. NCG (control), DCG (AXN), DGM (metformin), DGP1 (MKU1), DGP2 (MKU3), and DGP3 (MKU7), and biochemical data like serum glucose, insulin, AngII, ACE, HbA1c, and TNF-α levels were measured until 90 days. Our results suggest that oral administration with MKU1, MKU3, or MKU7 significantly improved serum insulin levels, glycemic control, glucose tolerance, and body weight. Additionally, β-cell mass was increased by preserving islet integrity in Lactobacillus-treated diabetic rats, whereas TNF-α (~40%), AngII (~30%), and ACE levels (~50%) were strongly inhibited and enhanced sIgA production (5.8 folds) abundantly. Furthermore, Lactobacillus administration positively influenced the gut microbiome with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus species and the beneficial Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides fragilis, while decreased the pathogenic Proteus vulgaris and Parabacteroides distasonis. Among the probiotic treatment groups, L. pentosus MKU3 performed greatly in almost all parameters, indicating its potential use for alleviating diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Tharmar Muthurayar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Sukumaran Karthika
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Santhalingam Gayathri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India.
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12
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Wang Y, Jiang A, Yan J, Wen D, Gu N, Li Z, Sun X, Wu Y, Guo Z. Inhibition of GPR17/ID2 Axis Improve Remyelination and Cognitive Recovery after SAH by Mediating OPC Differentiation in Rat Model. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01201-0. [PMID: 37935878 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath injury contributes to cognitive deficits following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17), a membrane receptor, negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in both developmental and pathological contexts. Nonetheless, GPR17's role in modulating OPC differentiation, facilitating remyelination post SAH, and its interaction with downstream molecules remain elusive. In a rat SAH model induced by arterial puncture, OPCs expressing GPR17 proliferated prominently by day 14 post-onset, coinciding with compromised myelin sheath integrity and cognitive deficits. Selective Gpr17 knockdown in oligodendrocytes (OLs) via adeno-associated virus (AAV) administration revealed that reduced GPR17 levels promoted OPC differentiation, restored myelin sheath integrity, and improved cognitive deficits by day 14 post-SAH. Moreover, GPR17 knockdown attenuated the elevated expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) post-SAH, suggesting a GPR17-ID2 regulatory axis. Bi-directional modulation of ID2 expression in OLs using AAV unveiled that elevated ID2 counteracted the restorative effects of GPR17 knockdown. This resulted in hindered differentiation, exacerbated myelin sheath impairment, and worsened cognitive deficits. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of GPR17 and ID2 in governing OPC differentiation and axonal remyelination post-SAH. This study positions GPR17 as a potential therapeutic target for SAH intervention. The interplay between GPR17 and ID2 introduces a novel avenue for ameliorating cognitive deficits post-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochen Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanhan County People's Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Wu-Woods NJ, Barlow JT, Trigodet F, Shaw DG, Romano AE, Jabri B, Eren AM, Ismagilov RF. Microbial-enrichment method enables high-throughput metagenomic characterization from host-rich samples. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1672-1682. [PMID: 37828152 PMCID: PMC10885704 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions have been linked to health and disease states through the use of microbial taxonomic profiling, mostly via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. However, many mechanistic insights remain elusive, in part because studying the genomes of microbes associated with mammalian tissue is difficult due to the high ratio of host to microbial DNA in such samples. Here we describe a microbial-enrichment method (MEM), which we demonstrate on a wide range of sample types, including saliva, stool, intestinal scrapings, and intestinal mucosal biopsies. MEM enabled high-throughput characterization of microbial metagenomes from human intestinal biopsies by reducing host DNA more than 1,000-fold with minimal microbial community changes (roughly 90% of taxa had no significant differences between MEM-treated and untreated control groups). Shotgun sequencing of MEM-treated human intestinal biopsies enabled characterization of both high- and low-abundance microbial taxa, pathways and genes longitudinally along the gastrointestinal tract. We report the construction of metagenome-assembled genomes directly from human intestinal biopsies for bacteria and archaea at relative abundances as low as 1%. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes reveals distinct subpopulation structures between the small and large intestine for some taxa. MEM opens a path for the microbiome field to acquire deeper insights into host-microbe interactions by enabling in-depth characterization of host-tissue-associated microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Wu-Woods
- Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jacob T Barlow
- Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Florian Trigodet
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dustin G Shaw
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna E Romano
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rustem F Ismagilov
- Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
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14
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Atkinson MA, Mirmira RG. The pathogenic "symphony" in type 1 diabetes: A disorder of the immune system, β cells, and exocrine pancreas. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1500-1518. [PMID: 37478842 PMCID: PMC10529265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is widely considered to result from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells. This concept has been a central tenet for decades of attempts seeking to decipher the disorder's pathogenesis and prevent/reverse the disease. Recently, this and many other disease-related notions have come under increasing question, particularly given knowledge gained from analyses of human T1D pancreas. Perhaps most crucial are findings suggesting that a collective of cellular constituents-immune, endocrine, and exocrine in origin-mechanistically coalesce to facilitate T1D. This review considers these emerging concepts, from basic science to clinical research, and identifies several key remaining knowledge voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ka Kei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Despite major advances over the past decade, prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain suboptimal, with large and unexplained variations in individual responses to interventions. The current classification schema for diabetes mellitus does not capture the complexity of this disease or guide clinical management effectively. One of the approaches to achieve the goal of applying precision medicine in diabetes mellitus is to identify endotypes (that is, well-defined subtypes) of the disease each of which has a distinct aetiopathogenesis that might be amenable to specific interventions. Here, we describe epidemiological, clinical, genetic, immunological, histological and metabolic differences within T1DM that, together, suggest heterogeneity in its aetiology and pathogenesis. We then present the emerging endotypes and their impact on T1DM prediction, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Redondo
- Paediatric Diabetes & Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical and Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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17
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Sun F, Yang CL, Wang FX, Rong SJ, Luo JH, Lu WY, Yue TT, Wang CY, Liu SW. Pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLNs) serve as a pathogenic hub contributing to the development of type 1 diabetes. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:156. [PMID: 37641145 PMCID: PMC10464122 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, progressive autoinflammatory disorder resulting from the breakdown of self-tolerance and unrestrained β cell-reactive immune response. Activation of immune cells is initiated in islet and amplified in lymphoid tissues, especially those pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLNs). The knowledge of PLNs as the hub of aberrant immune response is continuously being replenished and renewed. Here we provide a PLN-centered view of T1D pathogenesis and emphasize that PLNs integrate signal inputs from the pancreas, gut, viral infection or peripheral circulation, undergo immune remodeling within the local microenvironment and export effector cell components into pancreas to affect T1D progression. In accordance, we suggest that T1D intervention can be implemented by three major ways: cutting off the signal inputs into PLNs (reduce inflammatory β cell damage, enhance gut integrity and control pathogenic viral infections), modulating the immune activation status of PLNs and blocking the outputs of PLNs towards pancreatic islets. Given the dynamic and complex nature of T1D etiology, the corresponding intervention strategy is thus required to be comprehensive to ensure optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Liang Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fa-Xi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Ying Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Yue
- Devision of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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18
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García E. Two putative glutamate decarboxylases of Streptococcus pneumoniae as possible antigens for the production of anti-GAD65 antibodies leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:675-690. [PMID: 37154976 PMCID: PMC10165594 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing in prevalence in the last decades and has become a global burden. Autoantibodies against human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are among the first to be detected at the onset of T1DM. Diverse viruses have been proposed to be involved in the triggering of T1DM because of molecular mimicry, i.e., similarity between parts of some viral proteins and one or more epitopes of GAD65. However, the possibility that bacterial proteins might also be responsible for GAD65 mimicry has been seldom investigated. To date, many genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a prominent human pathogen particularly prevalent among children and the elderly, have been sequenced. A dataset of more than 9000 pneumococcal genomes was mined and two different (albeit related) genes (gadA and gadB), presumably encoding two glutamate decarboxylases similar to GAD65, were found. The various gadASpn alleles were present only in serotype 3 pneumococci belonging to the global lineage GPSC83, although some homologs have also been discovered in two subspecies of Streptococcus constellatus (pharyngis and viborgensis), an isolate of the group B streptococci, and several strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Besides, gadBSpn alleles are present in > 10% of the isolates in our dataset and represent 16 GPSCs with 123 sequence types and 20 different serotypes. Sequence analyses indicated that gadA- and gadB-like genes have been mobilized among different bacteria either by prophage(s) or by integrative and conjugative element(s), respectively. Substantial similarities appear to exist between the putative pneumococcal glutamate decarboxylases and well-known epitopes of GAD65. In this sense, the use of broader pneumococcal conjugate vaccines such as PCV20 would prevent the majority of serotypes expressing those genes that might potentially contribute to T1DM. These results deserve upcoming studies on the possible involvement of S. pneumoniae in the etiopathogenesis and clinical onset of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto García
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Chang YS, Li CW, Chen L, Wang XA, Lee MS, Chao YH. Early Gut Microbiota Profile in Healthy Neonates: Microbiome Analysis of the First-Pass Meconium Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1260. [PMID: 37508757 PMCID: PMC10377966 DOI: 10.3390/children10071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome development during early life has significant long-term effects on health later in life. The first-pass meconium is not sterile, and it is important to know the initial founder of the subsequent gut microbiome. However, there is limited data on the microbiota profile of the first-pass meconium in healthy neonates. To determine the early gut microbiota profile, we analyzed 39 samples of the first-pass meconium from healthy neonates using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results showed a similar profile of the microbiota composition in the first-pass meconium samples. Pseudomonas was the most abundant genus in most samples. The evenness of the microbial communities in the first-pass meconium was extremely poor, and the average Shannon diversity index was 1.31. An analysis of the relationship between perinatal characteristics and the meconium microbiome revealed that primigravidae babies had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index (p = 0.041), and the Bacteroidales order was a biomarker for the first-pass meconium of these neonates. The Shannon diversity index was not affected by the mode of delivery, maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment, prolonged rupture of membranes, or birth weight. Our study extends previous research with further characterization of the gut microbiome in very early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xing-An Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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20
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Aguayo-Patrón SV, Trujillo-Rivera OA, Cornejo-Granados F, Ochoa-Leyva A, Calderón de la Barca AM. HLA-Haplotypes Influence Microbiota Structure in Northwestern Mexican Schoolchildren Predisposed for Celiac Disease or Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1412. [PMID: 37374914 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To contribute to and elucidate the participation of microbiota in celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, we evaluated the influence of HLA haplotypes, familial risk, and diet on the microbiota of schoolchildren. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 821 apparently healthy schoolchildren, genotyping HLA DQ2/DQ8, and registering familial risk. We analyzed the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and autoantibodies for CD or T1D by ELISA. After analyses, we created three groups: at-high-risk children (Group 1), at-high-risk children plus autoantibodies (Group 2), and nonrisk children (Group 3). HLA influenced the microbiota of Groups 1 and 2, decreasing phylogenetic diversity in comparison to Group 3. The relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae UCG_002, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Alistipes was higher in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2. Moreover, Oscillospiraceae UCG_002 and Parabacteroides were protectors of the autoantibodies' positivity (RRR = 0.441 and RRR = 0.034, respectively). Conversely, Agathobacter was higher in Group 2, and Lachnospiraceae was in both Groups 1 and 2. Lachnospiraceae correlated positively with the sucrose degradation pathway, while the principal genera in Group 3 were associated with amino acid biosynthesis pathways. In summary, HLA and familial risk influence microbiota composition and functionality in children predisposed to CD or T1D, increasing their autoimmunity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Aguayo-Patrón
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Omar A Trujillo-Rivera
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Cornejo-Granados
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Ana M Calderón de la Barca
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
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21
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Heeley AM, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG, Church DB, Davison LJ. Assessment of glucocorticoid and antibiotic exposure as risk factors for diabetes mellitus in selected dog breeds attending UK primary-care clinics. Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2785. [PMID: 37004211 PMCID: PMC10952602 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important endocrine disorder in dogs. This study explored prior exposure to glucocorticoids or antibiotic treatment as risk factors for developing DM in dogs attending primary-care VetCompass clinics in the UK. METHODS A breed frequency matched case-control study nested in a cohort of dogs (n = 480,469) aged 3 years or over was used to explore associations between glucocorticoid and antibiotic exposure and the odds of developing DM. RESULTS A total of 565 cases and 2179 controls were included. Dogs with DM had over four times the odds of exposure to glucocorticoids within 6 weeks prior to diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.41-6.89, p < 0.001) compared to controls within 6 weeks prior to a randomly selected quasi-date of diagnosis. Dogs that had only one unique documented antibiotic course had a decreased odds of developing DM (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.91, p = 0.012) compared to dogs that had no documented courses of antibiotics. LIMITATIONS This study only included selected breeds, so the results may not be generalisable to all dog breeds. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to glucocorticoids is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of developing DM for the dog breeds included in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Heeley
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Dave C. Brodbelt
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Dan G. O'Neill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - David B. Church
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Lucy J. Davison
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
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22
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Root-Bernstein R, Chiles K, Huber J, Ziehl A, Turke M, Pietrowicz M. Clostridia and Enteroviruses as Synergistic Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098336. [PMID: 37176044 PMCID: PMC10179352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
What triggers type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)? One common assumption is that triggers are individual microbes that mimic autoantibody targets such as insulin (INS). However, most microbes highly associated with T1DM pathogenesis, such as coxsackieviruses (COX), lack INS mimicry and have failed to induce T1DM in animal models. Using proteomic similarity search techniques, we found that COX actually mimicked the INS receptor (INSR). Clostridia were the best mimics of INS. Clostridia antibodies cross-reacted with INS in ELISA experiments, confirming mimicry. COX antibodies cross-reacted with INSR. Clostridia antibodies further bound to COX antibodies as idiotype-anti-idiotype pairs conserving INS-INSR complementarity. Ultraviolet spectrometry studies demonstrated that INS-like Clostridia peptides bound to INSR-like COX peptides. These complementary peptides were also recognized as antigens by T cell receptor sequences derived from T1DM patients. Finally, most sera from T1DM patients bound strongly to inactivated Clostridium sporogenes, while most sera from healthy individuals did not; T1DM sera also exhibited evidence of anti-idiotype antibodies against idiotypic INS, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor (islet antigen-2) antibodies. These results suggest that T1DM is triggered by combined enterovirus-Clostridium (and possibly combined Epstein-Barr-virus-Streptococcal) infections, and the probable rate of such co-infections approximates the rate of new T1DM diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaylie Chiles
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jack Huber
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alison Ziehl
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Miah Turke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maja Pietrowicz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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23
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English J, Patrick S, Stewart LD. The potential role of molecular mimicry by the anaerobic microbiome in the aetiology of autoimmune disease. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102721. [PMID: 36940867 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are thought to develop as a consequence of various environmental and genetic factors, each of which contributes to dysfunctional immune responses and/or a breakdown in immunological tolerance towards native structures. Molecular mimicry by microbial components is among the environmental factors thought to promote a breakdown in immune tolerance, particularly through the presence of cross-reactive epitopes shared with the human host. While resident members of the microbiome are essential promoters of human health through immunomodulation, defence against pathogenic colonisation and conversion of dietary fibre into nutritional resources for host tissues, there may be an underappreciated role of these microbes in the aetiology and/or progression of autoimmune disease. An increasing number of molecular mimics are being identified amongst the anaerobic microbiota which structurally resemble endogenous components and, in some cases, for example the human ubiquitin mimic of Bacteroides fragilis and DNA methyltransferase of Roseburia intestinalis, have been associated with promoting antibody profiles characteristic of autoimmune diseases. The persistent exposure of molecular mimics from the microbiota to the human immune system is likely to be involved in autoantibody production that contributes to the pathologies associated with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Here-in, examples of molecular mimics that have been identified among resident members of the human microbiome and their ability to induce autoimmune disease through cross-reactive autoantibody production are discussed. Improved awareness of the molecular mimics that exist among human colonisers will help elucidate the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of immune tolerance that ultimately lead to chronic inflammation and downstream disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie English
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast. 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Sheila Patrick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast. 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK; The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Linda D Stewart
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast. 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
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24
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Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Bramasole L, Guo K, Mourtada F, Meul T, Hu Q, Viteri V, Kammerl I, Konigshoff M, Lehmann M, Magg T, Hauck F, Fernandez IE, Meiners S. DNA sensing via the cGAS/STING pathway activates the immunoproteasome and adaptive T-cell immunity. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110597. [PMID: 36912165 PMCID: PMC10106989 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a specialized type of proteasome involved in MHC class I antigen presentation, antiviral adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and is also part of a broader response to stress. Whether the immunoproteasome is regulated by DNA stress, however, is not known. We here demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA stress upregulates the immunoproteasome and MHC class I antigen presentation pathway via cGAS/STING/type I interferon signaling resulting in cell autonomous activation of CD8+ T cells. The cGAS/STING-induced adaptive immune response is also observed in response to genomic DNA and is conserved in epithelial and mesenchymal cells of mice and men. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic activation of the cGAS/STING-induced adaptive immune response in aberrant lung epithelial cells concurs with CD8+ T-cell activation in diseased lungs. Genetic depletion of the immunoproteasome and specific immunoproteasome inhibitors counteract DNA stress induced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell activation. Our data thus unravel cytoplasmic DNA sensing via the cGAS/STING pathway as an activator of the immunoproteasome and CD8+ T cells. This represents a novel potential pathomechanism for pulmonary fibrosis that opens new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital and Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Research Center Borstel/Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laylan Bramasole
- Research Center Borstel/Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Guo
- Research Center Borstel/Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fatima Mourtada
- Research Center Borstel/Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Meul
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeria Viteri
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilona Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Konigshoff
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isis E Fernandez
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Research Center Borstel/Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Guo K, Li J, Li X, Huang J, Zhou Z. Emerging trends and focus on the link between gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: A bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1137595. [PMID: 36970681 PMCID: PMC10033956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To conduct the first thorough bibliometric analysis to evaluate and quantify global research regarding to the gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods A literature search for research studies on gut microbiota and T1D was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 24 September 2022. VOSviewer software and the packages Bibliometrix R and ggplot used in RStudio were applied to perform the bibliometric and visualization analysis. Results A total of 639 publications was extracted using the terms "gut microbiota" and "type 1 diabetes" (and their synonyms in MeSH). Ultimately, 324 articles were included in the bibliometric analysis. The United States and European countries are the main contributors to this field, and the top 10 most influential institutions are all based in the United States, Finland and Denmark. The three most influential researchers in this field are Li Wen, Jorma Ilonen and Mikael Knip. Historical direct citation analysis showed the evolution of the most cited papers in the field of T1D and gut microbiota. Clustering analysis defined seven clusters, covering the current main topics in both basic and clinical research on T1D and gut microbiota. The most commonly found high-frequency keywords in the period from 2018 to 2021 were "metagenomics," "neutrophils" and "machine learning." Conclusion The application of multi-omics and machine learning approaches will be a necessary future step for better understanding gut microbiota in T1D. Finally, the future outlook for customized therapy toward reshaping gut microbiota of T1D patients remains promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Fujisaka S, Watanabe Y, Tobe K. The gut microbiome: a core regulator of metabolism. J Endocrinol 2023; 256:e220111. [PMID: 36458804 PMCID: PMC9874984 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The human body is inhabited by numerous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and each part has a unique microbial community structure. The gastrointestinal tract harbors approximately 100 trillion strains comprising more than 1000 bacterial species that maintain symbiotic relationships with the host. The gut microbiota consists mainly of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Of these, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes constitute 70-90% of the total abundance. Gut microbiota utilize nutrients ingested by the host, interact with other bacterial species, and help maintain healthy homeostasis in the host. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that a breakdown of the microbial structure and its functions, known as dysbiosis, is associated with the development of allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and arteriosclerosis, among others. Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, also have a causal relationship with dysbiosis. The present review provides a brief overview of the general roles of the gut microbiota and their relationship with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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27
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Pereira MS, Kriegel MA. Evolving concepts of host-pathobiont interactions in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102265. [PMID: 36444784 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex, multifactorial diseases with a polygenic trait and diverse environmental factors that contribute to triggering and exacerbating each disorder. The human microbiome is increasingly implicated in the multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We summarize here the latest developments in the field of how the microbiota interacts with the host on a cellular and molecular level. We review how pathobionts evolve within the gut of autoimmune-prone hosts to translocate to secondary lymphoid tissues. On mucosal sites and in non-gut tissues, pathobionts trigger autoimmune pathways through various mechanisms, including cross-reactivity with autoantigens and secretion of metabolites that alter immune functions. A better understanding of these mechanisms will hasten the development of unconventional therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Pereira
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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28
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Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M, Saha P. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020294. [PMID: 36830830 PMCID: PMC9953403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most recent research advancements in the gut microbiota-immune axis. We discuss in detail how the gut microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune development as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such as maternal imprinting, in utero intestinal metabolome, and weaning reaction. We describe how the gut microbiota shapes both innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the metabolites short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. We also comprehensively delineate how disruption in the microbiota-immune axis results in immune-mediated diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension), autoimmunity (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity (e.g., asthma and allergies), psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety), and cancer (e.g., colorectal and hepatic). We further encompass the role of fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary polyphenols in reshaping the gut microbiota and their therapeutic potential. Continuing, we examine how the gut microbiota modulates immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapies. We lastly mention the current challenges in metagenomics, germ-free models, and microbiota recapitulation to a achieve fundamental understanding for how gut microbiota regulates immunity. Altogether, this review proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from the perspective of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Campbell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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29
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Ishina IA, Zakharova MY, Kurbatskaia IN, Mamedov AE, Belogurov AA, Gabibov AG. MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity. Cells 2023; 12:314. [PMID: 36672249 PMCID: PMC9856717 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules is crucial for eliciting an efficient immune response by CD4+ T cells and maintaining self-antigen tolerance. Some MHC-II alleles are known to be positively or negatively associated with the risk of the development of different autoimmune diseases (ADs), including those characterized by the emergence of autoreactive T cells. Apparently, the MHC-II presentation of self-antigens contributes to the autoimmune T cell response, initiated through a breakdown of central tolerance to self-antigens in the thymus. The appearance of autoreactive T cell might be the result of (i) the unusual interaction between T cell receptors (TCRs) and self-antigens presented on MHC-II; (ii) the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of self-antigens; (iii) direct loading of the self-antigen to classical MHC-II without additional nonclassical MHC assistance; (iv) the proinflammatory environment effect on MHC-II expression and antigen presentation; and (v) molecular mimicry between foreign and self-antigens. The peculiarities of the processes involved in the MHC-II-mediated presentation may have crucial importance in the elucidation of the mechanisms of triggering and developing ADs as well as for clarification on the protective effect of MHC-II alleles that are negatively associated with ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Ishina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Y. Zakharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna N. Kurbatskaia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Azad E. Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Life Sciences, Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Lo Conte M, Antonini Cencicchio M, Ulaszewska M, Nobili A, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, Massimino L, Andolfo A, Ungaro F, Mancini N, Falcone M. A diet enriched in omega-3 PUFA and inulin prevents type 1 diabetes by restoring gut barrier integrity and immune homeostasis in NOD mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089987. [PMID: 36713378 PMCID: PMC9880528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The integrity of the gut barrier (GB) is fundamental to regulate the crosstalk between the microbiota and the immune system and to prevent inflammation and autoimmunity at the intestinal level but also in organs distal from the gut such as the pancreatic islets. In support to this idea, we recently demonstrated that breakage of GB integrity leads to activation of islet-reactive T cells and triggers autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). In T1D patients as in the NOD mice, the spontaneous model of autoimmune diabetes, there are alterations of the GB that specifically affect structure and composition of the mucus layer; however, it is yet to be determined whether a causal link between breakage of the GB integrity and occurrence of autoimmune T1D exists. Methods Here we restored GB integrity in the NOD mice through administration of an anti-inflammatory diet (AID- enriched in soluble fiber inulin and omega 3-PUFA) and tested the effect on T1D pathogenesis. Results We found that the AID prevented T1D in NOD mice by restoring GB integrity with increased mucus layer thickness and higher mRNA transcripts of structural (Muc2) and immunoregulatory mucins (Muc1 and Muc3) as well as of tight junction proteins (claudin1). Restoration of GB integrity was linked to reduction of intestinal inflammation (i.e., reduced expression of IL-1β, IL-23 and IL-17 transcripts) and expansion of regulatory T cells (FoxP3+ Treg cells and IL-10+ Tr1 cells) at the expenses of effector Th1/Th17 cells in the intestine, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) and intra-islet lymphocytes (IIL) of AID-fed NOD mice. Importantly, the restoration of GB integrity and immune homeostasis were associated with enhanced concentrations of anti-inflammatory metabolites of the ω3/ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and arachidonic pathways and modifications of the microbiome profile with increased relative abundance of mucus-modulating bacterial species such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Akkermansia glycaniphila. Discussion Our data provide evidence that the restoration of GB integrity and intestinal immune homeostasis through administration of a tolerogenic AID that changed the gut microbial and metabolic profiles prevents autoimmune T1D in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lo Conte
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Antonini Cencicchio
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marynka Ulaszewska
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosorich
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Marika Falcone,
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31
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Poria cocos Polysaccharide Ameliorated Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Mice via Regulating the Homeostasis of the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021423. [PMID: 36674937 PMCID: PMC9862632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) have been validated for several biological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and modulation on gut microbiota. In this research, we aim to demonstrate the potential prebiotic effects and the therapeutic efficacies of PCP in the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and confirm the beneficial effects of PCP on gut dysbiosis. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea mice models were established by treating them with broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water for seven days. Mice in two groups treated with probiotics and polysaccharide were given Bifico capsules (4.2 g/kg/d) and PCP (250 mg/kg/d) for seven days using intragastric gavage, respectively. To observe the regulatory effects of PCP on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier, we conducted the following experiments: intestinal flora analysis (16S rDNA sequencing), histology (H&E staining) and tight junction proteins (immunofluorescence staining). The levels of mRNA expression of receptors associated with inflammation and gut metabolism were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The study revealed that PCP can comprehensively improve the clinical symptoms of AAD mice, including fecal traits, mental state, hair quality, etc., similar to the effect of probiotics. Based on histology observation, PCP significantly improved the substantial structure of the intestine of AAD mice by increasing the expression levels of colonic tight junction protein zonula-occludens 1 (ZO-1) and its mRNA. Moreover, PCP not only increased the abundance of gut microbiota, but also increased the diversity of gut microbiota in AAD mice, including alpha diversity and beta diversity. Further analysis found that PCP can modulate seven characteristic species of intestinal flora in AAD mice, including Parabacteroides_distasonis, Akkermansia_muciniphila, Clostridium_saccharolyticum, Ruminoc-occus_gnavus, Lactobacillus_salivarius, Salmonella_enterica and Mucispirillum_schaedleri. Finally, enrichment analysis predicted that PCP may affect intestinal mucosal barrier function, host immune response and metabolic function by regulating the microbiota. RT-PCR experiments showed that PCP can participate in immunomodulatory and modulation on metabolic by regulating the mRNA expression of forkhead-box protein 3 (FOXP3) and G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41). These results indicated that Poria cocos polysaccharide may ameliorate antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice by regulating the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier. In addition, polysaccharide-derived changes in intestinal microbiota were involved in the immunomodulatory activities and modulation of the metabolism.
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32
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Wang Y, Jenq RR, Wargo JA, Watowich SS. Microbiome influencers of checkpoint blockade-associated toxicity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213796. [PMID: 36622383 PMCID: PMC9836236 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has greatly improved cancer outcomes, yet variability in response and off-target tissue damage can occur with these treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Multiple lines of evidence indicate the host microbiome influences ICI response and risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As the microbiome is modifiable, these advances indicate the potential to manipulate microbiome components to increase ICI success. We discuss microbiome features associated with ICI response, with focus on bacterial taxa and potential immune mechanisms involved in irAEs, and the overall goal of driving novel approaches to manipulate the microbiome to improve ICI efficacy while avoiding irAE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert R. Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Watowich
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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33
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Okada M, Zhang V, Loaiza Naranjo JD, Tillett BJ, Wong FS, Steptoe RJ, Bergot AS, Hamilton-Williams EE. Islet-specific CD8 + T cells gain effector function in the gut lymphoid tissues via bystander activation not molecular mimicry. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:36-48. [PMID: 36214093 PMCID: PMC10092732 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by aberrant activation of autoreactive T cells specific for the islet beta cells. How islet-specific T cells evade tolerance to become effector T cells is unknown, but it is believed that an altered gut microbiota plays a role. Possible mechanisms include bystander activation of autoreactive T cells in the gut or "molecular mimicry" from cross-reactivity between gut microbiota-derived peptides and islet-derived epitopes. To investigate these mechanisms, we use two islet-specific CD8+ T cell clones and the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Both insulin-specific G9C8 cells and IGRP-specific 8.3 cells underwent early activation and proliferation in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes but not in the Peyer's patches or mesenteric lymph nodes. Mutation of the endogenous epitope for G9C8 cells abolished their CD69 upregulation and proliferation, ruling out G9C8 cell activation by a gut microbiota derived peptide and molecular mimicry. However, previously activated islet-specific effector memory cells but not naïve cells migrated into the Peyer's patches where they increased their cytotoxic function. Oral delivery of butyrate, a microbiota derived anti-inflammatory metabolite, reduced IGRP-specific cytotoxic function. Thus, while initial activation of islet-specific CD8+ T cells occurred in the pancreatic lymph nodes, activated cells trafficked through the gut lymphoid tissues where they gained additional effector function via non-specific bystander activation influenced by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Okada
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeniffer D Loaiza Naranjo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bree J Tillett
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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34
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Wang C, Yan JK, Yi J, Ning J, Huo XK, Yu ZL, Zhang BJ, Sun CP, Ma XC. Biotransformation of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid by Human Intestinal Fungus Aspergillus niger RG13B1 and the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Its Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15104-15115. [PMID: 36414003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a triterpenoid possessing an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, while the low bioavailability limits its application due to its intestinal accumulation. In order to investigate the metabolism of GA in intestinal microbes, it was incubated with human intestinal fungus Aspergillus niger RG13B1, finally leading to the isolation and identification of three new metabolites (1-3) and three known metabolites (4-6) based on 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy spectra. Metabolite 6 could target myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) to suppress the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65 to downregulate its target proteins and genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW264.7 cells. Molecular dynamics suggested that metabolite 6 interacted with MD2 through the hydrogen bond of amino acid residue Arg90. These findings demonstrated that metabolite 6 could serve as a potential candidate to develop the new inhibitors of MD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jian-Kun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jing Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Del Chierico F, Rapini N, Deodati A, Matteoli MC, Cianfarani S, Putignani L. Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes and Gut Microbiota Role. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314650. [PMID: 36498975 PMCID: PMC9737253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease driven by T-cells against the insulin-producing islet β-cells, resulting in a marked loss of β-cell mass and function. Although a genetic predisposal increases susceptibility, the role of epigenetic and environmental factors seems to be much more significant. A dysbiotic gut microbial profile has been associated with T1D patients. Moreover, new evidence propose that perturbation in gut microbiota may influence the T1D onset and progression. One of the prominent features in clinically silent phase before the onset of T1D is the presence of a microbiota characterized by low numbers of commensals butyrate producers, thus negatively influencing the gut permeability. The loss of gut permeability leads to the translocation of microbes and microbial metabolites and could lead to the activation of immune cells. Moreover, microbiota-based therapies to slow down disease progression or reverse T1D have shown promising results. Starting from this evidence, the correction of dysbiosis in early life of genetically susceptible individuals could help in promoting immune tolerance and thus in reducing the autoantibodies production. This review summarizes the associations between gut microbiota and T1D for future therapeutic perspectives and other exciting areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Chierico
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Novella Rapini
- Diabetes & Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Diabetes & Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Matteoli
- Diabetes & Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Diabetes & Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children Health, Karolisnska Institute and University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668592980
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36
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Cao T, Guo Y, Wang D, Liu Z, Huang S, Peng C, Wang S, Wang Y, Lu Q, Xiao F, Liang Z, Zheng S, Shen J, Wu Y, Lv Z, Ke Y. Effect of Phorate on the Development of Hyperglycaemia in Mouse and Resistance Genes in Intestinal Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1584. [PMID: 36358236 PMCID: PMC9686891 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phorate is a systemic, broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide. Although it is commonly used worldwide, phorate, like other pesticides, not only causes environmental pollution but also poses serious threats to human and animal health. Herein, we measured the blood glucose concentrations of high-fat-diet-fed mice exposed to various concentrations of phorate (0, 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5 mg/kg); we also assessed the blood glucose concentrations of high-fat-diet-fed mice exposed to phorate; we also assessed the distribution characteristics of the resistance genes in the intestinal microbiota of these mice. We found that 0.005 and 0.5 mg/kg of phorate induced obvious hyperglycaemia in the high-fat-diet-fed mice. Exposure to phorate markedly reduced the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the mouse intestine. The resistance genes vanRG, tetW/N/W, acrD, and evgS were significantly upregulated in the test group compared with the control group. Efflux pumping was the primary mechanism of drug resistance in the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Synergistetes, Spirochaetes, and Actinobacteria found in the mouse intestine. Our findings indicate that changes in the abundance of the intestinal microbiota are closely related to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intestinal tract and the metabolic health of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changfeng Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhaoyi Liang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sijia Zheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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