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Liu Q, Ma F, Zhang G. Molecular subtyping of skin cutaneous melanoma based on inflammatory response. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33088. [PMID: 39005905 PMCID: PMC11239590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays a crucial role in determining the prognosis and therapeutic response of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). However, the molecular subtypes based on the inflammatory response and their clinical significance in SKCM have not been extensively studied. Clustering analyses to identify inflammation subtypes of SKCM based on the expression levels of inflammation response gene. We identified three subtypes: Inflammation_H, Inflammation_M, and Inflammation_L, which offer a more nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between inflammation and SKCM. The Inflammation_H subtype is associated with the most favourable prognosis, and is characterised by high levels of immune infiltrates and PD-L1 expression, low levels of stemness, high differentiation, and high genomic stability. In contrast, the Inflammation_L subtype has the least favourable prognosis, with the lowest levels of immune infiltrates and PD-L1 expression, high levels of stemness, low differentiation, and low genomic stability. In addition, the Inf-score, which is a linear risk scoring model based on the expression levels of inflammatory response genes, can be a useful tool for clinicians to assess SKCM prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. This scoring model shows promise for clinical use in predicting patient outcomes and helps clinicians tailor treatments for individual patients. In conclusion, these findings represent a significant contribution to our understanding of the molecular subtypes of SKCM based on the levels of inflammatory response genes and their potential clinical significance. However, further studies are necessary to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms of different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Big Data Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangyu Ma
- Health Management center Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Guanxiong Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, China
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Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Marquardt S, Takan I, Georgakilas AG, Stiewe T. p73 isoforms meet evolution of metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:853-869. [PMID: 35948758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer largely adheres to Darwinian selection. Evolutionary forces are prominent during metastasis, the final and incurable disease stage, where cells acquire combinations of advantageous phenotypic features and interact with a dynamically changing microenvironment, in order to overcome the metastatic bottlenecks, while therapy exerts additional selective pressures. As a strategy to increase their fitness, tumors often co-opt developmental and tissue-homeostasis programs. Herein, 25 years after its discovery, we review TP73, a sibling of the cardinal tumor-suppressor TP53, through the lens of cancer evolution. The TP73 gene regulates a wide range of processes in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and cancer via an overwhelming number of functionally divergent isoforms. We suggest that TP73 neither merely mimics TP53 via its p53-like tumor-suppressive functions, nor has black-or-white-type effects, as inferred by the antagonism between several of its isoforms in processes like apoptosis and DNA damage response. Rather, under dynamic conditions of selective pressure, the various p73 isoforms which are often co-expressed within the same cancer cells may work towards a common goal by simultaneously activating isoform-specific transcriptional and non-transcriptional programs. Combinatorial co-option of these programs offers selective advantages that overall increase the likelihood for successfully surpassing the barriers of the metastatic cascade. The p73 functional pleiotropy-based capabilities might be present in subclonal populations and expressed dynamically under changing microenvironmental conditions, thereby supporting clonal expansion and propelling evolution of metastasis. Deciphering the critical p73 isoform patterns along the spatiotemporal axes of tumor evolution could identify strategies to target TP73 for prevention and therapy of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Health Care Systems, Medical School Berlin, Hochschule Für Gesundheit Und Medizin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Rabow Z, Laubach K, Kong X, Shen T, Mohibi S, Zhang J, Fiehn O, Chen X. p73α1, an Isoform of the p73 Tumor Suppressor, Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Cell Growth via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1. Cells 2022; 11:2516. [PMID: 36010592 PMCID: PMC9406568 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. p73, a p53 family member, regulates cellular processes and is expressed as multiple isoforms. However, the role of p73 in regulating lipid metabolism is not well-characterized. Previously, we found that loss of p73 exon 12 (E12) leads to an isoform switch from p73α to p73α1, the latter of which has strong tumor suppressive activity. In this study, comprehensive untargeted metabolomics was performed to determine whether p73α1 alters lipid metabolism in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. RNA-seq and molecular biology approaches were combined to identify lipid metabolism genes altered upon loss of E12 and identify a direct target of p73α1. We found that loss of E12 leads to decreased levels of phosphatidylcholines, and this was due to decreased expression of genes involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Additionally, we found that E12-knockout cells had increased levels of phosphatidylcholines containing saturated fatty acids (FAs) and decreased levels of phosphatidylcholines containing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). We then found that p73α1 inhibits cancer cell viability through direct transcriptional suppression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD1), which converts saturated FAs to MUFAs. Finally, we showed that p73α1-mediated suppression of SCD1 leads to increased ratios of saturated FAs to MUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Rabow
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyra Laubach
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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