1
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Deng Y, Zhou J, Li HB. The physiological and pathological roles of RNA modifications in T cells. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00222-8. [PMID: 38986618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
RNA molecules undergo dynamic chemical modifications in response to various external or cellular stimuli. Some of those modifications have been demonstrated to post-transcriptionally modulate the RNA transcription, localization, stability, translation, and degradation, ultimately tuning the fate decisions and function of mammalian cells, particularly T cells. As a crucial part of adaptive immunity, T cells play fundamental roles in defending against infections and tumor cells. Recent findings have illuminated the importance of RNA modifications in modulating T cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and functional activities. Therefore, understanding the epi-transcriptomic control of T cell biology enables a potential avenue for manipulating T cell immunity. This review aims to elucidate the physiological and pathological roles of internal RNA modifications in T cell development, differentiation, and functionality drawn from current literature, with the goal of inspiring new insights for future investigations and providing novel prospects for T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 401320, China.
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2
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Yang X, Tang H, Sun X, Gui Q. M6A modification and T cells in adipose tissue inflammation. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4089. [PMID: 38978329 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue in the obese state can lead to low-grade chronic inflammation while inducing or exacerbating obesity-related metabolic diseases and impairing overall health.T cells, which are essential immune cells similar to macrophages, are widely distributed in adipose tissue and perform their immunomodulatory function; they also cross-talk with other cells in the vascular stromal fraction. Based on a large number of studies, it has been found that N6 methyl adenine (m6A) is one of the most representative of epigenetic modifications, which affects the crosstalk between T cells, as well as other immune cells, in several ways and plays an important role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and related metabolic diseases. In this review, we first provide an overview of the widespread presence of T cells in adipose tissue and summarize the key role of T cells in adipose tissue inflammation. Next, we explored the effects of m6A modifications on T cells in adipose tissue from the perspective of adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the impact of m6a-regulated crosstalk between T cells and immune cells on the prospects for improving adipose tissue inflammation research, providing additional new ideas for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haojun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qingjun Gui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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3
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Wu C, Li L, Tang Q, Liao Q, Chen P, Guo C, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Role of m 6A modifications in immune evasion and immunotherapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:159. [PMID: 38761335 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
RNA modification has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its pivotal role in tumorigenesis and immune surveillance. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent RNA modification, which can affect the expression of RNA by methylating adenylate at the sixth N position to regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. Dysregulation of m6A affects the activation of cancer-promoting pathways, destroys immune cell function, maintains immunosuppressive microenvironment, and promotes tumor cell growth. In this review, we delve into the latest insights into how abnormalities in m6A modification in both tumor and immune cells orchestrate immune evasion through the activation of signaling pathways. Furthermore, we explore how dysregulated m6A modification in tumor cells influences immune cells, thereby regulating tumor immune evasion via interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lastly, we highlight recent discoveries regarding specific inhibitors of m6A modulators and the encapsulation of m6A-targeting nanomaterials for cancer therapy, discussing their potential applications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lvyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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4
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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. Regulation of inflammatory diseases via the control of mRNA decay. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:14. [PMID: 38491500 PMCID: PMC10941436 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation orchestrates a finely balanced process crucial for microorganism elimination and tissue injury protection. A multitude of immune and non-immune cells, alongside various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, collectively regulate this response. Central to this regulation is post-transcriptional control, governing gene expression at the mRNA level. RNA-binding proteins such as tristetraprolin, Roquin, and the Regnase family, along with RNA modifications, intricately dictate the mRNA decay of pivotal mediators and regulators in the inflammatory response. Dysregulated activity of these factors has been implicated in numerous human inflammatory diseases, underscoring the significance of post-transcriptional regulation. The increasing focus on targeting these mechanisms presents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review offers an extensive overview of post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms during inflammatory responses, delving into recent advancements, their implications in human diseases, and the strides made in therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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5
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Qi R, Tao Y, Sun Y, Jiang D, Jiang X, Tao J. FOXD3-mediated transactivation of ALKBH5 promotes neuropathic pain via m 6A-dependent stabilization of 5-HT3A mRNA in sensory neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312861121. [PMID: 38285939 PMCID: PMC10861880 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312861121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA is an emerging epigenetic regulatory mechanism that has been shown to participate in various pathophysiological processes. However, its involvement in modulating neuropathic pain is still poorly understood. In this study, we elucidate a functional role of the m6A demethylase alkylation repair homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in modulating trigeminal-mediated neuropathic pain. Peripheral nerve injury selectively upregulated the expression level of ALKBH5 in the injured trigeminal ganglion (TG) of rats. Blocking this upregulation in injured TGs alleviated trigeminal neuropathic pain, while mimicking the upregulation of ALKBH5 in intact TG neurons sufficiently induced pain-related behaviors. Mechanistically, histone deacetylase 11 downregulation induced by nerve injury increases histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), facilitating the binding of the transcription factor forkhead box protein D3 (FOXD3) to the Alkbh5 promoter and promoting Alkbh5 transcription. The increased ALKBH5 erases m6A sites in Htr3a messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in an inability of YT521-B homology domain 2 (YTHDF2) to bind to Htr3a mRNA, thus causing an increase in 5-HT3A protein expression and 5-HT3 channel currents. Conversely, blocking the increased expression of ALKBH5 in the injured TG destabilizes nerve injury-induced 5-HT3A upregulation and reverses mechanical allodynia, and the effect can be blocked by 5-HT3A knockdown. Together, FOXD3-mediated transactivation of ALKBH5 promotes neuropathic pain through m6A-dependent stabilization of Htr3a mRNA in TG neurons. This mechanistic understanding may advance the discovery of new therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215004, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoupeng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renfei Qi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Yin W, Huo Z, Zuo J, Wang H, Chen B, Zhou L. Characterization of m6A methylation modifications in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:89-105. [PMID: 38206646 PMCID: PMC10817395 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Widely recognized as an essential epitranscriptomic modification, RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Here, we want to investigate m6A modification's potential roles in gastric cancer. Gastric cancer samples were selected from TCGA-STAD and GEO (GSE84426, GSE84433) datasets. Based on 18 regulators of m6A, m6A modification patterns were thoroughly evaluated in gastric cancer samples. Principal component analysis algorithms were used to construct the m6Ascore, using which, m6A modification features in tumor somatic mutations and immune checkpoint blockade therapy were analyzed. 34 gastric cancer samples were collected to verify the effectiveness of the m6Ascore. Here, we determined three different m6A modification patterns. m6Acluster-C modification pattern presented immune activation-associated enrichment pathways and have significant survival advantages. Then, in gastric cancer, m6Ascore could act as an independent prognostic biomarker. A significant survival benefit was exhibited in patients with high m6Ascore. Moreover, the modification signature of m6A uncovered in this study would help to predict immune checkpoint blockade therapy's responses. In conclusion, our discoveries all pointed to the fact that modification patterns of m6A were linked to the TME. Moreover, evaluation of individual tumor's m6A modification pattern will help to guide immunotherapy strategies that shows more therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanwei Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Lianshui People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Zuo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Yuan L, Chen S, Ding K, Wang X, Lv W, Liu Y, He S, Yu Y, Yang B, Huang T. The m 6 A modification of Il17a in CD4 + T cells promotes inflammation in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14879. [PMID: 37434495 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The mechanism of psoriasis pathogenesis is not entirely clear. Here, we reported that the level of the N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) modification was increased in psoriatic CD4+ T cells compared with healthy controls. In the psoriasis mouse model, depletion of the RNA demethylase, Alkbh5, from CD4+ T cells promoted the psoriasis-like phenotype and inflammation. Intriguingly, this phenotype and inflammation were alleviated by the ablation of the m6 A methyltransferase Mettl3 in CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, we found that the m6 A modification of IL17A mRNA increased the expression of IL-17A (an important pro-inflammatory factor in psoriasis) and promoted psoriasis. Thus, our study provided evidence that the m6 A modification of IL17A in CD4+ T cells regulates inflammation in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yuan
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Lv
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang He
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YingDian Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. RNA Metabolism Governs Immune Function and Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:145-161. [PMID: 38467978 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that protects our body from various insults such as infection, injury, and stress. Proper inflammation is beneficial to eliminate the insults and maintain organ homeostasis, however, it can become detrimental if uncontrolled. To tightly regulate inflammation, post-transcriptional mechanisms governing RNA metabolism play a crucial role in monitoring the expression of immune-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These mechanisms involve the coordinated action of various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including the Regnase family, Roquin, and RNA methyltransferases, which are responsible for mRNA decay and/or translation regulation. The collaborative efforts of these RBPs are essential in preventing aberrant immune response activation and consequently safeguarding against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation within the immune system and explores the specific roles of individual RBPs in RNA metabolism and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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9
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Liu Y, Song R, Lu Z, Zhao L, Zhan X, Li Y, Cao X. The RNA m 6A demethylase ALKBH5 drives emergency granulopoiesis and neutrophil mobilization by upregulating G-CSFR expression. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:6-18. [PMID: 38114747 PMCID: PMC10757716 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis and neutrophil mobilization that can be triggered by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) through its receptor G-CSFR are essential for antibacterial innate defense. However, the epigenetic modifiers crucial for intrinsically regulating G-CSFR expression and the antibacterial response of neutrophils remain largely unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification and the related demethylase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) are key epigenetic regulators of immunity and inflammation, but their roles in neutrophil production and mobilization are still unknown. We used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis to model systemic bacterial infection, and we report that ALKBH5 is required for emergency granulopoiesis and neutrophil mobilization. ALKBH5 depletion significantly impaired the production of immature neutrophils in the bone marrow of septic mice. In addition, Alkbh5-deficient septic mice exhibited higher retention of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow and defective neutrophil release into the circulation, which led to fewer neutrophils at the infection site than in their wild-type littermates. During bacterial infection, ALKBH5 imprinted production- and mobilization-promoting transcriptome signatures in both mouse and human neutrophils. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 erased m6A methylation on the CSF3R mRNA to increase the mRNA stability and protein expression of G-CSFR, consequently upregulating cell surface G-CSFR expression and downstream STAT3 signaling in neutrophils. The RIP-qPCR results confirmed the direct binding of ALKBH5 to the CSF3R mRNA, and the binding strength declined upon bacterial infection, accounting for the decrease in G-CSFR expression on bacteria-infected neutrophils. Considering these results collectively, we define a new role of ALKBH5 in intrinsically driving neutrophil production and mobilization through m6A demethylation-dependent posttranscriptional regulation, indicating that m6A RNA modification in neutrophils is a potential target for treating bacterial infections and neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Renjie Song
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhan
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Li
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Yu Y, Lu S, Jin H, Zhu H, Wei X, Zhou T, Zhao M. RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation and skin diseases. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2167983. [PMID: 36708146 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2167983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin diseases are global health issues caused by multiple pathogenic factors, in which epigenetics plays an invaluable role. Post-transcriptional RNA modifications are important epigenetic mechanism that regulate gene expression at the genome-wide level. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification that occurs in the messenger RNAs (mRNA) of most eukaryotes, which is installed by methyltransferases called "writers", removed by demethylases called "erasers", and recognised by RNA-binding proteins called "readers". To date, m6A is emerging to play essential part in both physiological processes and pathological progression, including skin diseases. However, a systematic summary of m6A in skin disease has not yet been reported. This review starts by illustrating each m6A-related modifier specifically and their roles in RNA processing, and then focus on the existing research advances of m6A in immune homeostasis and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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11
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Li J, Feng H, Zhu J, Yang K, Zhang G, Gu Y, Shi T, Chen W. Gastric cancer derived exosomal THBS1 enhanced Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell function through activating RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway in a N6-methyladenosine methylation dependent manner. Cancer Lett 2023; 576:216410. [PMID: 37783390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T-cell-based immunotherapy has shown favorable safety and clinical response in patients with multiple types of cancer. However, its efficiency in treating patients with solid tumors remains limited. In the current study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived exosomal THBS1 in the regulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We found that GC cell-derived exosomal THBS1 markedly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against GC cells and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and granzyme B in vitro and elevated the killing effects of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells on GC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, exosomal THBS1 could regulate METTL3-or IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification, further activating the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Moreover, blocking the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway reversed the effects of exosomal THBS1 on the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In addition, THBS1 was expressed at low levels in GC tissues and was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in GC patients. In sum, our findings indicate that exosomal THBS1 derived from GC cells enhanced the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by activating the RIG-I-like signaling pathway in a m6A methylation-dependent manner. Targeting the exosomal THBS1/m6A/RIG-I axis may have important implications for GC immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kexi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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12
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Wang X, Chen C, Sun H, Mao K, Yao J, Zhang W, Zhan M, Li HB, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Lu L. m 6A mRNA modification potentiates Th17 functions to inflame autoimmunity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2543-2552. [PMID: 37405565 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common and abundant epigenetic RNA modification, governs mRNA metabolism to determine cell differentiation, proliferation and response to stimulation. m6A methyltransferase METTL3 has been reported to control T cell homeostasis and sustain the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, the role of m6A methyltransferase in other subtypes of T cells remains unknown. T helper cells 17 (Th17) play a pivotal role in host defense and autoimmunity. Here, we found that the loss of METTL3 in T cells caused serious defect of Th17 cell differentiation, and impeded the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We generated Mettl3f/fIl17aCre mice and observed that METTL3 deficiency in Th17 cells significantly suppressed the development of EAE and displayed less Th17 cell infiltration into central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, we demonstrated that depletion of METTL3 attenuated IL-17A and CCR5 expression by facilitating SOCS3 mRNA stability in Th17 cells, leading to disrupted Th17 cell differentiation and infiltration, and eventually attenuating the process of EAE. Collectively, our results highlight that m6A modification sustains Th17 cell function, which provides new insights into the regulatory network of Th17 cells, and also implies a potential therapeutic target for Th17 cell mediated autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Kaiqiong Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiameng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiqiao Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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13
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Gao Y, Zimmer JT, Vasic R, Liu C, Gbyli R, Zheng SJ, Patel A, Liu W, Qi Z, Li Y, Nelakanti R, Song Y, Biancon G, Xiao AZ, Slavoff S, Kibbey RG, Flavell RA, Simon MD, Tebaldi T, Li HB, Halene S. ALKBH5 modulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell energy metabolism through m 6A modification-mediated RNA stability control. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113163. [PMID: 37742191 PMCID: PMC10636609 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification controls numerous cellular processes. To what extent these post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play a role in hematopoiesis has not been fully elucidated. We here show that the m6A demethylase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) controls mitochondrial ATP production and modulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fitness in an m6A-dependent manner. Loss of ALKBH5 results in increased RNA methylation and instability of oxoglutarate-dehydrogenase (Ogdh) messenger RNA and reduction of OGDH protein levels. Limited OGDH availability slows the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with accumulation of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and conversion of α-KG into L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG). L-2-HG inhibits energy production in both murine and human hematopoietic cells in vitro. Impaired mitochondrial energy production confers competitive disadvantage to HSPCs and limits clonogenicity of Mll-AF9-induced leukemia. Our study uncovers a mechanism whereby the RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 regulates the stability of metabolic enzyme transcripts, thereby controlling energy metabolism in hematopoiesis and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Gao
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Joshua T Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Radovan Vasic
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3H2, Canada
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rana Gbyli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shu-Jian Zheng
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Amisha Patel
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yaping Li
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Raman Nelakanti
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Giulia Biancon
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew Z Xiao
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah Slavoff
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew D Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Bechara R, Vagner S, Mariette X. Post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:486-502. [PMID: 37311941 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in gene expression that has a role in diverse cellular processes, including immune responses. A core concept underlying post-transcriptional regulation is that protein abundance is not solely determined by transcript abundance. Indeed, transcription and translation are not directly coupled, and intervening steps occur between these processes, including the regulation of mRNA stability, localization and alternative splicing, which can impact protein abundance. These steps are controlled by various post-transcription factors such as RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, and aberrant post-transcriptional regulation has been implicated in various pathological conditions. Indeed, studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have identified various post-transcription factors as important regulators of immune cell-mediated and target effector cell-mediated pathological conditions. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the roles of post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity, as evidenced by studies in both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, and discusses the relevance of these findings for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bechara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stephan Vagner
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Rheumatology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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15
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van Vroonhoven ECN, Picavet LW, Scholman RC, van den Dungen NAM, Mokry M, Evers A, Lebbink RJ, Calis JJA, Vastert SJ, van Loosdregt J. N 6-Methyladenosine Directly Regulates CD40L Expression in CD4 + T Lymphocytes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1004. [PMID: 37508433 PMCID: PMC10376055 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation is a highly regulated process, modulated via the expression of various immune regulatory proteins including cytokines, surface receptors and co-stimulatory proteins. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an RNA modification that can directly regulate RNA expression levels and it is associated with various biological processes. However, the function of m6A in T cell activation remains incompletely understood. We identify m6A as a novel regulator of the expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) in human CD4+ lymphocytes. Manipulation of the m6A 'eraser' fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and m6A 'writer' protein methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) directly affects the expression of CD40L. The m6A 'reader' protein YT521-B homology domain family-2 (YTHDF2) is hypothesized to be able to recognize and bind m6A specific sequences on the CD40L mRNA and promotes its degradation. This study demonstrates that CD40L expression in human primary CD4+ T lymphocytes is regulated via m6A modifications, elucidating a new regulatory mechanism in CD4+ T cell activation that could possibly be leveraged in the future to modulate T cell responses in patients with immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C N van Vroonhoven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas W Picavet
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne C Scholman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje A M van den Dungen
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Evers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg J A Calis
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Kong Y, Yu J, Ge S, Fan X. Novel insight into RNA modifications in tumor immunity: Promising targets to prevent tumor immune escape. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100452. [PMID: 37485079 PMCID: PMC10362524 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunosuppressive state is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the dramatic success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in preventing tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, primary and acquired resistance have limited its clinical use. Notably, recent clinical trials have shown that epigenetic drugs can significantly improve the outcome of ICI therapy in various cancers, indicating the importance of epigenetic modifications in immune regulation of tumors. Recently, RNA modifications (N6-methyladenosine [m6A], N1-methyladenosine [m1A], 5-methylcytosine [m5C], etc.), novel hotspot areas of epigenetic research, have been shown to play crucial roles in protumor and antitumor immunity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of how m6A, m1A, and m5C function in tumor immunity by directly regulating different immune cells as well as indirectly regulating tumor cells through different mechanisms, including modulating the expression of immune checkpoints, inducing metabolic reprogramming, and affecting the secretion of immune-related factors. Finally, we discuss the current status of strategies targeting RNA modifications to prevent tumor immune escape, highlighting their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
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17
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Xiao Z, Wang S, Tian Y, Lv W, Sheng H, Zhan M, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Zhu C, Zhong H, Wen Q, Liu Z, Tan J, Xu Y, Yang M, Liu Y, Flavell RA, Yang Q, Cao G, Yin Z. METTL3-mediated m6A methylation orchestrates mRNA stability and dsRNA contents to equilibrate γδ T1 and γδ T17 cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112684. [PMID: 37355989 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells make key contributions to tissue physiology and immunosurveillance through two main functionally distinct subsets, γδ T1 and γδ T17. m6A methylation plays critical roles in controlling numerous aspects of mRNA metabolism that govern mRNA turnover, gene expression, and cellular functional specialization; however, its role in γδ T cells remains less well understood. Here, we find that m6A methylation controls the functional specification of γδ T17 vs. γδ T1 cells. Mechanistically, m6A methylation prevents the formation of endogenous double-stranded RNAs and promotes the degradation of Stat1 transcripts, which converge to prevent over-activation of STAT1 signaling and ensuing inhibition of γδ T17. Deleting Mettl3, the key enzyme in the m6A methyltransferases complex, in γδ T cells reduces interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and ameliorates γδ T17-mediated psoriasis. In summary, our work shows that METTL3-mediated m6A methylation orchestrates mRNA stability and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) contents to equilibrate γδ T1 and γδ T17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yixia Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenkai Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mingjie Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiongxiao Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuyun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiong Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Quanli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guangchao Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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18
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Kim S, Oh S, Lee S, Kong L, Lee J, Kim T. FTO negatively regulates the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55681. [PMID: 36744362 PMCID: PMC10074099 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N6 -Methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark and plays a fundamental role in almost every aspect of mRNA metabolism. Although m6 A writers and readers have been widely studied, the roles of m6 A erasers are not well-understood. Here, we investigate the role of FTO, one of the m6 A erasers, in natural killer (NK) cell immunity. We observe that FTO-deficient NK cells are hyperactivated. Fto knockout (Fto-/- ) mouse NK cells prevent melanoma metastasis in vivo, and FTO-deficient human NK cells enhance the antitumor response against leukemia in vitro. We find that FTO negatively regulates IL-2/15-driven JAK/STAT signaling by increasing the mRNA stability of suppressor of cytokine signaling protein (SOCS) family genes. Our results suggest that FTO is an essential modulator of NK cell immunity, providing a new immunotherapeutic strategy for allogeneic NK cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok‐Min Kim
- Immunotherapy Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)DaejeonKorea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of BioscienceKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonKorea
| | - Se‐Chan Oh
- Immunotherapy Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)DaejeonKorea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of BioscienceKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonKorea
| | - Sun‐Young Lee
- Immunotherapy Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)DaejeonKorea
- Division of Life ScienceKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ling‐Zu Kong
- Immunotherapy Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)DaejeonKorea
- Department of BiochemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jong‐Hee Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of BioscienceKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonKorea
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), KRIBBCheongjuKorea
| | - Tae‐Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)DaejeonKorea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of BioscienceKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonKorea
- Biomedical Mathematics GroupInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical ConvergenceSchool of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea
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19
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Gan L, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Chen Q. The potential role of m6A modifications on immune cells and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114343. [PMID: 36758318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is the most prevalent and reversible post-transcriptional epigenetic modification of RNA in mammals. Dysregulation of m6A modifications impacts RNA procession, degradation, translocation, and translation, disrupting immune cell homeostasis and promoting tumor initiation and development. Here, we discuss an -up-to-date summary of the mechanisms by which m6A modifications regulate immune cell anti-tumor as well as self-homeostasis. We also present how the dysregulation of m6A modifications intrinsic to tumor cells regulates the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, we described some specific inhibitors targeting m6A modulators and discussed their potential use in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
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20
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Zhao J, Ding C, Li HB. N 6 - Methyladenosine defines a new checkpoint in γδ T cell development. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300002. [PMID: 36942692 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
T cells, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are the most important components of adaptive immune system. Based on the expression of αβ and γδ receptors, T cells are mainly divided into αβ and γδ T cells. In the thymus, they share common progenitor cells, while undergoing a series of well-characterized and different developmental processes. N6 -Methyladenosine (m6 A), one of the most abundant modifications in mRNAs, plays critical roles in cell development and maintenance of function. Recently, we have demonstrated that the depletion of m6 A demethylase ALKBH5 in lymphocytes specifically induces an expansion of γδ T cells through the regulation of Jag1/Notch2 signaling, but not αβ T cells, indicating a checkpoint role of ALKBH5 and m6 A modification in the early development of γδ T cells. Based on previous studies, many key pathway molecules, which exert dominant roles in γδ T cell fate determination, have been identified as the targets regulated by m6 A modification. In this review, we mainly summarize the potential regulation between m6 A modification and these key signaling molecules in the γδ T cell lineage commitment, to provide new perspectives in the checkpoint of γδ T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenbo Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Cao X, Geng Q, Fan D, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Jiao Y, Deng T, Liu H, Zhou J, Jia L, Xiao C. m 6A methylation: a process reshaping the tumour immune microenvironment and regulating immune evasion. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:42. [PMID: 36859310 PMCID: PMC9976403 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most universal internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA. With elaborate functions executed by m6A writers, erasers, and readers, m6A modulation is involved in myriad physiological and pathological processes. Extensive studies have demonstrated m6A modulation in diverse tumours, with effects on tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance. Recent evidence has revealed an emerging role of m6A modulation in tumour immunoregulation, and divergent m6A methylation patterns have been revealed in the tumour microenvironment. To depict the regulatory role of m6A methylation in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and its effect on immune evasion, this review focuses on the TIME, which is characterized by hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, acidity, and immunosuppression, and outlines the m6A-regulated TIME and immune evasion under divergent stimuli. Furthermore, m6A modulation patterns in anti-tumour immune cells are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Cao
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qishun Geng
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danping Fan
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiao
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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22
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Ma S, Barr T, Yu J. Recent Advances of RNA m 6A Modifications in Cancer Immunoediting and Immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:49-94. [PMID: 38112999 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which modulates immune responses against tumors using immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell transfer, has emerged as a novel and promising therapy for tumors. However, only a minority of patients demonstrate durable responses, while the majority of patients are resistant to immunotherapy. The immune system can paradoxically constrain and promote tumor development and progression. This process is referred to as cancer immunoediting. The mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy seem to be that cancer cells undergo immunoediting to evade recognition and elimination by the immune system. RNA modifications, specifically N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, have emerged as a key regulator of various post-transcriptional gene regulatory processes, such as RNA export, splicing, stability, and degradation, which play unappreciated roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune system development and cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which RNA modifications impact the cancer immunoediting process can provide insight into the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies and the strategies that can be used to overcome such resistance. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the background of cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy. We also review and discuss the roles and mechanisms of RNA m6A modifications in fine-tuning the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in regulating tumor escape from immunosurveillance. Finally, we summarize the current strategies targeting m6A regulators for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Tasha Barr
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
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23
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Ito-Kureha T, Heissmeyer V. Critical functions of N 6-adenosine methylation of mRNAs in T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119380. [PMID: 36228837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The existence of N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) of mRNA has been known for a long time, but only recently its regulatory potential was uncovered. Current research deciphers the molecular determinants leading to the deposition of this modification and consequences for modified mRNAs. It also evaluates the importance of such modifications for specific cell types and programs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on m6A modification of mRNAs in conventional and regulatory T cells and T-cell-driven immune responses and pathology. We discuss the impact of m6A modification on T cell activation including cytokine and antigen receptor signaling or sensing of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Ito-Kureha
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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24
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RNA methylation in immune cells. Adv Immunol 2022; 155:39-94. [PMID: 36357012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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