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Pan K, Wu X, Li P, Liu S, Wei B, Li D, Yang D, Chen X, Zhao J, Wen D. Cylindrical Vector Beam Holography without Preservation of OAM Modes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6761-6766. [PMID: 38775803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed holograms have attracted a great deal of attention recently due to their physically unbounded set of orthogonal helical modes. However, preserving the OAM property in each pixel hinders fine sampling of the target image in principle and requires a fundamental filtering aperture array in the detector plane. Here, we demonstrate the concept of metasurface-based vectorial holography with cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), whose unlimited polarization orders and unique polarization distributions can be used to boost information storage capacity. Although CVBs are composed of OAM modes, the holographic images do not preserve the OAM modes in our design, enabling fine sampling of the target image in a quasi-continuous way like traditional computer-generated holograms. Moreover, the images can be directly observed by passing them through a polarizer without the need for a fundamental mode filter array. We anticipate that our method may pave the way for high-capacity holographic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xuanguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Bingyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Dexing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Dandan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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Ouyang X, Du K, Zeng Y, Song Q, Xiao S. Nanostructure-based orbital angular momentum encryption and multiplexing. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38616650 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The orthogonality among the OAM modes provides a new degree of freedom for optical multiplexing communications. So far, traditional Dammann gratings and spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been widely used to generate OAM beams by modulating electromagnetic waves at each pixel. However, such architectures suffer from limitations in terms of having a resolution of only a few microns and the bulkiness of the entire optical system. With the rapid development of the electromagnetic theory and advanced nanofabrication methods, artificial nanostructures, especially optical metasurfaces, have been introduced which greatly shrink the size of OAM multiplexing devices while increasing the level of integration. This review focuses on the study of encryption, multiplexing and demultiplexing of OAM beams based on nanostructure platforms. After introducing the focusing characteristics of OAM beams, the interaction mechanism between OAM beams and nanostructures is discussed. The physical phenomena of helical dichroism response and spatial separation of OAM beams achieved through nanostructures, setting the stage for OAM encryption and multiplexing, are reviewed. Afterward, the further advancements and potential applications of nanophotonics-based OAM multiplexing are deliberated. Finally, the challenges of conventional design methods and dynamic tunable techniques for nanostructure-based OAM multiplexing technology are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ouyang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Du
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yixuan Zeng
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Chen P, Xu X, Wang T, Zhou C, Wei D, Ma J, Guo J, Cui X, Cheng X, Xie C, Zhang S, Zhu S, Xiao M, Zhang Y. Laser nanoprinting of 3D nonlinear holograms beyond 25000 pixels-per-inch for inter-wavelength-band information processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5523. [PMID: 37684225 PMCID: PMC10491822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optics provides a means to bridge between different electromagnetic frequencies, enabling communication between visible, infrared, and terahertz bands through χ(2) and higher-order nonlinear optical processes. However, precisely modulating nonlinear optical waves in 3D space remains a significant challenge, severely limiting the ability to directly manipulate optical information across different wavelength bands. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) χ(2)-super-pixel hologram with nanometer resolution in lithium niobate crystals, capable of performing advanced processing tasks. In our design, each pixel consists of properly arranged nanodomain structures capable of completely and dynamically manipulating the complex-amplitude of nonlinear waves. Fabricated by femtosecond laser writing, the nonlinear hologram features a pixel diameter of 500 nm and a pixel density of approximately 25000 pixels-per-inch (PPI), reaching far beyond the state of the art. In our experiments, we successfully demonstrate the novel functions of the hologram to process near-infrared (NIR) information at visible wavelengths, including dynamic 3D nonlinear holographic imaging and frequency-up-converted image recognition. Our scheme provides a promising nano-optic platform for high-capacity optical storage and multi-functional information processing across different wavelength ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dunzhao Wei
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianan Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chenzhu Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Liu C, Zhang S, Maier SA, Ren H. Disorder-Induced Topological State Transition in the Optical Skyrmion Family. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:267401. [PMID: 36608180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.267401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Skyrmions endowed with topological protection have been extensively investigated in various platforms including magnetics, ferroelectrics, and liquid crystals, stimulating applications such as memories, logic devices, and neuromorphic computing. While the optical counterpart has been proposed and realized recently, the study of optical skyrmions is still in its infancy. Among the unexplored questions, the investigation of the topology induced robustness against disorder is of substantial importance on both fundamental and practical sides but remains elusive. In this Letter, we manage to generate optical skyrmions numerically in real space with different topological features at will, providing a unique platform to investigate the robustness of various optical skyrmions. A disorder-induced topological state transition is observed for the first time in a family of optical skyrmions composed of six classes with different skyrmion numbers. Intriguingly, the optical skyrmions produced from a vectorial hologram are exceptionally robust against scattering from a random medium, shedding light on topological photonic devices for the generation and manipulation of robust states for applications including imaging and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom and Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, 80539 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stefan A Maier
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, 80539 Muenchen, Germany; and Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Haoran Ren
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Wang HL, Ma HF, Cui TJ. A Polarization-Modulated Information Metasurface for Encryption Wireless Communications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204333. [PMID: 36253137 PMCID: PMC9731708 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmable and information metasurfaces have shown great potentials in wireless communications, but there are few reports on encrypted communications. In this paper, a programmable polarization-modulated (PoM) information metasurface is proposed, which can not only customize arbitrarily linearly polarized reflected waves, but also modulate their amplitudes in real time. Based on this feature, a physical-level wireless communication encryption scheme is presented and experimentally demonstrated by introducing a meta-key, which can be encrypted and sent by the programmable PoM information metasurface. To be specific, the key is encoded and concealed into different linear polarization channels, and then modulated and transmitted by the information metasurface at the transmitting end. At the receiving end, the modulated signal can be received and decoded by using a pair of polarization discrimination antennas. A wireless transceiver system is established to verify the feasibility of the scheme. It is shown that, once the meta-key is obtained, the corresponding encrypted target information that has been sent to the user in advance can be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Hui Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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