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Liu Q, Han D, Cheng D, Chen J, Tian S, Wang J, Liu M, Yuan L. AtRKD5 inhibits the parthenogenic potential mediated by AtBBM. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1517-1531. [PMID: 38818961 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Parthenogenesis, the development of unfertilized egg cells into embryos, is a key component of apomixis. AtBBM (BABY BOOM), a crucial regulator of embryogenesis in Arabidopsis, possesses the capacity to shift nutritional growth toward reproductive growth. However, the mechanisms underlying AtBBM-induced parthenogenesis remain largely unexplored in dicot plants. Our findings revealed that in order to uphold the order of sexual reproduction, the embryo-specific promoter activity of AtBBM as well as repressors that inhibit its expression in egg cells combine to limiting its ability to induce parthenogenesis. Notably, AtRKD5, a RWP-RK domain-containing (RKD) transcription factor, binds to the 3' end of AtBBM and is identified as one of the inhibitory factors for AtBBM expression in the egg cell. In the atrkd5 mutant, we successfully achieved enhanced ectopic expression of AtBBM in egg cells, resulting in the generation of haploid offspring via parthenogenesis at a rate of 0.28%. Furthermore, by introducing chimeric Arabidopsis and rice BBM genes into the egg cell, we achieved a significant 4.6-fold enhancement in haploid induction through the atdmp8/9 mutant. These findings lay a strong foundation for further exploration of the BBM-mediated parthenogenesis mechanism and the improvement of haploid breeding efficiency mediated by the dmp8/9 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dongfen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Denghu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jinfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shujuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiafa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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2
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Pečenková T, Potocký M, Stegmann M. More than meets the eye: knowns and unknowns of the trafficking of small secreted proteins in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3713-3730. [PMID: 38693754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Small proteins represent a significant portion of the cargo transported through plant secretory pathways, playing crucial roles in developmental processes, fertilization, and responses to environmental stresses. Despite the importance of small secreted proteins, substantial knowledge gaps persist regarding the regulatory mechanisms governing their trafficking along the secretory pathway, and their ultimate localization or destination. To address these gaps, we conducted a comprehensive literature review, focusing particularly on trafficking and localization of Arabidopsis small secreted proteins with potential biochemical and/or signaling roles in the extracellular space, typically those within the size range of 101-200 amino acids. Our investigation reveals that while at least six members of the 21 mentioned families have a confirmed extracellular localization, eight exhibit intracellular localization, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, and chloroplastic locations, despite the presence of N-terminal signal peptides. Further investigation into the trafficking and secretion mechanisms of small protein cargo could not only deepen our understanding of plant cell biology and physiology but also provide a foundation for genetic manipulation strategies leading to more efficient plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pečenková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stegmann
- Technical University Munich, School of Life Sciences, Phytopathology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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3
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Pinello JF, Loidl J, Seltzer ES, Cassidy-Hanley D, Kolbin D, Abdelatif A, Rey FA, An R, Newberger NJ, Bisharyan Y, Papoyan H, Byun H, Aguilar HC, Lai AL, Freed JH, Maugel T, Cole ES, Clark TG. Novel requirements for HAP2/GCS1-mediated gamete fusion in Tetrahymena. iScience 2024; 27:110146. [PMID: 38904066 PMCID: PMC11187246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The ancestral gamete fusion protein, HAP2/GCS1, plays an essential role in fertilization in a broad range of taxa. To identify factors that may regulate HAP2/GCS1 activity, we screened mutants of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila for behaviors that mimic Δhap2/gcs1 knockout phenotypes in this species. Using this approach, we identified two new genes, GFU1 and GFU2, whose products are necessary for membrane pore formation following mating type recognition and adherence. GFU2 is predicted to be a single-pass transmembrane protein, while GFU1, though lacking obvious transmembrane domains, has the potential to interact directly with membrane phospholipids in the cytoplasm. Like Tetrahymena HAP2/GCS1, expression of GFU1 is required in both cells of a mating pair for efficient fusion to occur. To explain these bilateral requirements, we propose a model that invokes cooperativity between the fusion machinery on apposed membranes of mating cells and accounts for successful fertilization in Tetrahymena's multiple mating type system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Pinello
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Josef Loidl
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ethan S. Seltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Donna Cassidy-Hanley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Kolbin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anhar Abdelatif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Félix A. Rey
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Rocky An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nicole J. Newberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yelena Bisharyan
- Office of Technology Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hayk Papoyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haewon Byun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alex L. Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jack H. Freed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Timothy Maugel
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Biological Ultrastructure, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric S. Cole
- Biology Department, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - Theodore G. Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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4
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Wei H, Wang B, Xu Y, Fan W, Zhang M, Huang F, Shi C, Li T, Wang S, Wang S. The Mechanism of Ovule Abortion in Self-Pollinated 'Hanfu' Apple Fruits and Related Gene Screening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:996. [PMID: 38611525 PMCID: PMC11013273 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Apples exhibit S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility and typically require cross-pollination in nature. 'Hanfu' is a cultivar that produces abundant fruit after self-pollination, although it also shows a high rate of seed abortion afterwards, which greatly reduces fruit quality. In this study, we investigated the ovule development process and the mechanism of ovule abortion in apples after self-pollination. Using a DIC microscope and biomicroscope, we found that the abortion of apple ovules occurs before embryo formation and results from the failure of sperm-egg fusion. Further, we used laser-assisted microdissection (LAM) cutting and sperm and egg cell sequencing at different periods after pollination to obtain the genes related to ovule abortion. The top 40 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further verified, and the results were consistent with switching the mechanism at the 5' end of the RNA transcript (SMART-seq). Through this study, we can preliminarily clarify the mechanism of ovule abortion in self-pollinated apple fruits and provide a gene reserve for further study and improvement of 'Hanfu' apple fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Quiroz LF, Gondalia N, Brychkova G, McKeown PC, Spillane C. Haploid rhapsody: the molecular and cellular orchestra of in vivo haploid induction in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1936-1949. [PMID: 38180262 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In planta haploid induction (HI), which reduces the chromosome number in the progeny after fertilization, has garnered increasing attention for its significant potential in crop breeding and genetic research. Despite the identification of several natural and synthetic HI systems in different plant species, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these HI systems remain largely unknown. This review synthesizes the current understanding of HI systems in plants (with a focus on genes and molecular mechanisms involved), including the molecular and cellular interactions which orchestrate the HI process. As most HI systems can function across taxonomic boundaries, we particularly discuss the evidence for conserved mechanisms underlying the process. These include mechanisms involved in preserving chromosomal integrity, centromere function, gamete communication and/or fusion, and maintenance of karyogamy. While significant discoveries and advances on haploid inducer systems have arisen over the past decades, we underscore gaps in understanding and deliberate on directions for further research for a more comprehensive understanding of in vivo HI processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Nikita Gondalia
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Galina Brychkova
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Peter C McKeown
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
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7
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Wang W, Malka R, Lindemeier M, Cyprys P, Tiedemann S, Sun K, Zhang X, Xiong H, Sprunck S, Sun MX. EGG CELL 1 contributes to egg-cell-dependent preferential fertilization in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:268-282. [PMID: 38287093 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
During double fertilization in angiosperms, the pollen tube delivers two sperm cells into an embryo sac; one sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cell. It has long been proposed that the preference for fusion with one or another female gamete cell depends on the sperm cells and occurs during gamete recognition. However, up to now, sperm-dependent preferential fertilization has not been demonstrated, and results on preferred fusion with either female gamete have remained conflicting. To investigate this topic, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that produce single sperm-like cells or whose egg cells are eliminated; we found that although the three different types of sperm-like cell are functionally equivalent in their ability to fertilize the egg and the central cell, each type of sperm-like cell fuses predominantly with the egg cell. This indicates that it is the egg cell that controls its preferential fertilization. We also found that sperm-activating small secreted EGG CELL 1 proteins are involved in the regulation of egg-cell-dependent preferential fertilization, revealing another important role for this protein family during double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Raphael Malka
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Lindemeier
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Cyprys
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tiedemann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Ogawa ST, Kessler SA. Update on signaling pathways regulating polarized intercellular communication in Arabidopsis reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1732-1744. [PMID: 37453128 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sienna T Ogawa
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
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9
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Jacquier NMA, Calhau ARM, Fierlej Y, Martinant JP, Rogowsky PM, Gilles LM, Widiez T. In planta haploid induction by kokopelli mutants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:182-185. [PMID: 37300445 PMCID: PMC10469538 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanaël M A Jacquier
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon F-69342, France
- Limagrain, Limagrain Field Seeds, Research Centre, Gerzat F-63360, France
| | - Andrea R M Calhau
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon F-69342, France
| | - Yannick Fierlej
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon F-69342, France
| | | | - Peter M Rogowsky
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon F-69342, France
| | - Laurine M Gilles
- Limagrain, Limagrain Field Seeds, Research Centre, Gerzat F-63360, France
| | - Thomas Widiez
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon F-69342, France
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10
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Chen X, Li Y, Ai G, Chen J, Guo D, Zhu Z, Zhu X, Tian S, Wang J, Liu M, Yuan L. Creation of a watermelon haploid inducer line via ClDMP3-mediated single fertilization of the central cell. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad081. [PMID: 37323231 PMCID: PMC10261877 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of doubled haploids is one of the most efficient breeding methods in modern agriculture. Irradiation of pollen grains has been shown to induce haploids in cucurbit crops, possibly because it causes preferential fertilization of the central cell over the egg cell. Disruption of the DMP gene is known to induce single fertilization of the central cell, which can lead to the formation of haploids. In the present study, a detailed method of creating a watermelon haploid inducer line via ClDMP3 mutation is described. The cldmp3 mutant induced haploids in multiple watermelon genotypes at rates of up to 1.12%. These haploids were confirmed via fluorescent markers, flow cytometry, molecular markers, and immuno-staining. The haploid inducer created by this method has the potential to greatly advance watermelon breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiner Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Gongli Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Dalong Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhonghou Zhu
- Luoyang Nongfa Agricultural Technology Co., LTD, 471100, Luoyang, China
| | - Xuejie Zhu
- Luoyang Nongfa Agricultural Technology Co., LTD, 471100, Luoyang, China
| | - Shujuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiafa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Liu
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ,
| | - Li Yuan
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ,
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11
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Sugi N, Izumi R, Tomomi S, Susaki D, Kinoshita T, Maruyama D. Removal of the endoplasma membrane upon sperm cell activation after pollen tube discharge. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116289. [PMID: 36778680 PMCID: PMC9909283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In pollen and pollen tubes, immotile sperm cells are enclosed by an inner vegetative plasma membrane (IVPM), a single endomembrane originating from the vegetative-cell plasma membrane. It is widely believed that sperm cells must be removed from the IVPM prior to gamete associations and fusions; however, details of the timing and morphological changes upon IVPM dissociation remain elusive. Here, we report a rapid IVPM breakdown immediately before double fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana. The IVPM was stably observed in coiling pollen tubes when pollen tube discharge was prevented using lorelei mutant ovules. In contrast, a semi-in vivo fertilization assay in wild-type ovules demonstrated fragmented IVPM around sperm nuclei 1 min after pollen tube discharge. These observations revealed the dynamic alteration of released sperm cells and provided new insights into double fertilization in flowering plants. With a summary of recent findings on IVPM lipid composition, we discussed the possible physiological signals controlling IVPM breakdown.
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12
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Shiba Y, Takahashi T, Ohashi Y, Ueda M, Mimuro A, Sugimoto J, Noguchi Y, Igawa T. Behavior of Male Gamete Fusogen GCS1/HAP2 and the Regulation in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020208. [PMID: 36830580 PMCID: PMC9953686 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, two independent fertilization events occur almost simultaneously: two identical sperm cells fuse with either the egg cell or the central cell, resulting in embryo and endosperm development to produce a seed. GCS1/HAP2 is a sperm cell membrane protein essential for plasma membrane fusion with both female gametes. Other sperm membrane proteins, DMP8 and DMP9, are more important for egg cell fertilization than that of the central cell, suggesting its regulatory mechanism in GCS1/HAP2-driving gamete membrane fusion. To assess the GCS1/HAP2 regulatory cascade in the double fertilization system of flowering plants, we produced Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing different GCS1/HAP2 variants and evaluated the fertilization in vivo. The fertilization pattern observed in GCS1_RNAi transgenic plants implied that sperm cells over the amount of GCS1/HAP2 required for fusion on their surface could facilitate membrane fusion with both female gametes. The cytological analysis of the dmp8dmp9 sperm cell arrested alone in an embryo sac supported GCS1/HAP2 distribution on the sperm surface. Furthermore, the fertilization failures with both female gametes were caused by GCS1/HAP2 secretion from the egg cell. These results provided a possible scenario of GCS1/HAP2 regulation, showing a potential scheme for capturing additional GCS1/HAP2-interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shiba
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
| | - Taro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
| | - Yukino Ohashi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Amane Mimuro
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
| | - Jin Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Noguchi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Igawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan
- Correspondence:
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