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Deng T, Shao J, Xie Z, Wang Q, Huang X, Zhou Z, Guo J, Li L, Liu F. Triphenylphosphine-bonded coumaranone dyes realize dual color imaging of mitochondria and nucleoli. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124434. [PMID: 38735113 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Probing intracellular organelles with fluorescent dyes offers opportunities to understand the structures and functions of these cellular compartments, which is attracting increasing interests. Normally, the design principle varies for different organelle targets as they possess distinct structural and functional profiles against each other. Therefore, developing a probe with dual intracellular targets is of great challenge. In this work, a new sort of donor-π-bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) type coumaranone dyes (CMO-1/2/3/4) have been prepared. Four fluorescent probes (TPP@CMO-1/2/3/4) were then synthesized by linking these coumaranone dyes with an amphiphilic cation triphenylphosphonium (TPP). Interestingly, both TPP@CMO-1 and TPP@CMO-2 exhibited dual color emission upon targeting to two different organelles, respectively. The green emission is well localized in mitochondria, while, the red emission realizes nucleoli imaging. RNA is the target of TPP@CMOs, which was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis and computational calculation. More importantly, the number and morphology changes of nucleoli under drug stress have been successfully evaluated using TPP@CMO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jinjin Shao
- Artemisinin Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongguo Xie
- Artemisinin Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiling Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Artemisinin Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Díaz-Castro F, Tuñón-Suárez M, Rivera P, Botella J, Cancino J, Figueroa AM, Gutiérrez J, Cantin C, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H, Nielsen J, Henríquez-Olguín C, Morselli E, Castro-Sepúlveda M. A single bout of resistance exercise triggers mitophagy, potentially involving the ejection of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14203. [PMID: 39023008 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on mitophagy in human skeletal muscle (SkM). METHODS Eight healthy men were recruited to complete an acute bout of one-leg resistance exercise. SkM biopsies were obtained one hour after exercise in the resting leg (Rest-leg) and the contracting leg (Ex-leg). Mitophagy was assessed using protein-related abundance, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Our results show that acute resistance exercise increased pro-fission protein phosphorylation (DRP1Ser616) and decreased mitophagy markers such as PARKIN and BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance in the Ex-leg. Additionally, mitochondrial complex IV decreased in the Ex-leg when compared to the Rest-leg. In the Ex-leg, TEM and immunofluorescence images showed mitochondrial cristae abnormalities, a mitochondrial fission phenotype, and increased mitophagosome-like structures in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. We also observed increased mitophagosome-like structures on the subsarcolemmal cleft and mitochondria in the extracellular space of SkM in the Ex-leg. We stimulated human primary myotubes with CCCP, which mimics mitophagy induction in the Ex-leg, and found that BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance decreased independently of lysosomal degradation. Finally, in another human cohort, we found a negative association between BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance with both mitophagosome-like structures and mitochondrial cristae density in the SkM. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a single bout of resistance exercise can initiate mitophagy, potentially involving mitochondrial ejection, in human skeletal muscle. BNIP3L/NIX is proposed as a sensitive marker for assessing mitophagy flux in SkM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Biological Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Physiology Department, Biological Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Botella
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Figueroa
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Gutiérrez
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudette Cantin
- Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepúlveda
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Ahola S, Pazurek LA, Mayer F, Lampe P, Hermans S, Becker L, Amarie OV, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, Riedel D, Nolte H, Langer T. Opa1 processing is dispensable in mouse development but is protective in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp0443. [PMID: 39093974 PMCID: PMC11296347 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission accompany adaptive responses to stress and altered metabolic demands. Inner membrane fusion and cristae morphogenesis depends on optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), which is expressed in different isoforms and is cleaved from a membrane-bound, long to a soluble, short form. Here, we have analyzed the physiological role of Opa1 isoforms and Opa1 processing by generating mouse lines expressing only one cleavable Opa1 isoform or a non-cleavable variant thereof. Our results show that expression of a single cleavable or non-cleavable Opa1 isoform preserves embryonic development and the health of adult mice. Opa1 processing is dispensable under metabolic and thermal stress but prolongs life span and protects against mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in OXPHOS-deficient Cox10-/- mice. Mechanistically, loss of Opa1 processing disturbs the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, suppressing cardiac hypertrophic growth in Cox10-/- hearts. Our results highlight the critical regulatory role of Opa1 processing, mitochondrial dynamics, and metabolism for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ahola
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Fiona Mayer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Lampe
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Hermans
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana V Amarie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Lou Z, Mu C, Corpstein CD, Li T. In vivo deposition of poorly soluble drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115358. [PMID: 38851590 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Administered drug molecules, whether dissolved or solubilized, have the potential to precipitate and accumulate as solid forms in tissues and cells within the body. This phase transition can significantly impact the pharmacokinetics of treatment. It is thus crucial to gain an understanding of how drug solubility/permeability, drug formulations and routes of administration affect in vivo behaviors of drug deposition. This review examines literature reports on the drug deposition in tissues and cells of poorly water-soluble drugs, as well as underlying physical mechanisms that lead to precipitation. Our work particularly highlights drug deposition in macrophages and the subcellular fate of precipitated drugs. We also propose a tissue permeability-based classification framework to evaluate precipitation potentials of poorly soluble drugs in major organs and tissues. The impact on pharmacokinetics is further discussed and needs to be considered in developing drug delivery systems. Finally, bioimaging techniques that are used to examine aggregated states and the intracellular trafficking of absorbed drugs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Clairissa D Corpstein
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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5
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Peng F, Ai X, Sun J, Ge X, Li M, Xi P, Gao B. Fluorescence Lifetime Super-Resolution Imaging Unveil the Dynamic Relationship between Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Cristae Structure Using the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Strategy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11052-11060. [PMID: 38924514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae, invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) into the matrix, are the main site for the generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Synchronous study of the dynamic relationship between cristae and MMP is very important for further understanding of mitochondrial function. Due to the lack of suitable IMM probes and imaging techniques, the dynamic relationship between MMP and cristae structure alterations remains poorly understood. We designed a pair of FRET-based molecular probes, with the donor (OR-LA) being rhodamine modified with mitochondrial coenzyme lipoic acid and the acceptor (SiR-BA) being silicon-rhodamine modified with a butyl chain, for simultaneous dynamic monitoring of mitochondrial cristae structure and MMP. The FRET process of the molecular pair in mitochondria is regulated by MMP, enabling more precise visualization of MMP through fluorescence intensity ratio and fluorescence lifetime. By combining FRET with FLIM super-resolution imaging technology, we achieved simultaneous dynamic monitoring of mitochondrial cristae structure and MMP, revealing that during the decline of MMP, there is a progression involving cristae dilation, fragmentation, mitochondrial vacuolization, and eventual rupture. Significantly, we successfully observed that the rapid decrease in MMP at the site of mitochondrial membrane rupture may be a critical factor in mitochondrial fragmentation. These data collectively reveal the dynamic relationship between cristae structural alterations and MMP decline, laying a foundation for further investigation into cellular energy regulation mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiangnan Ai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xichuan Ge
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baoxiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
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6
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Saurabh A, Brown PT, Bryan JS, Fox ZR, Kruithoff R, Thompson C, Kural C, Shepherd DP, Pressé S. Approaching Maximum Resolution in Structured Illumination Microscopy via Accurate Noise Modeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.07.570701. [PMID: 38106139 PMCID: PMC10723446 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological images captured by microscopes are characterized by heterogeneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) due to spatially varying photon emission across the field of view convoluted with camera noise. State-of-the-art unsupervised structured illumination microscopy (SIM) reconstruction algorithms, commonly implemented in the Fourier domain, do not accurately model this noise and suffer from high-frequency artifacts, user-dependent choices of smoothness constraints making assumptions on biological features, and unphysical negative values in the recovered fluorescence intensity map. On the other hand, supervised methods rely on large datasets for training, and often require retraining for new sample structures. Consequently, achieving high contrast near the maximum theoretical resolution in an unsupervised, physically principled, manner remains an open problem. Here, we propose Bayesian-SIM (B-SIM), an unsupervised Bayesian framework to quantitatively reconstruct SIM data, rectifying these shortcomings by accurately incorporating known noise sources in the spatial domain. To accelerate the reconstruction process, we use the finite extent of the point-spread-function to devise a parallelized Monte Carlo strategy involving chunking and restitching of the inferred fluorescence intensity. We benchmark our framework on both simulated and experimental images, and demonstrate improved contrast permitting feature recovery at up to 25% shorter length scales over state-of-the-art methods at both high- and low-SNR. B-SIM enables unsupervised, quantitative, physically accurate reconstruction without the need for labeled training data, democratizing high-quality SIM reconstruction and expands the capabilities of live-cell SIM to lower SNR, potentially revealing biological features in previously inaccessible regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Saurabh
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter T. Brown
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - J. Shepard Bryan
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zachary R. Fox
- Computational Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Rory Kruithoff
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Comert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas P. Shepherd
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Steve Pressé
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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7
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Kondadi AK, Reichert AS. Mitochondrial Dynamics at Different Levels: From Cristae Dynamics to Interorganellar Cross Talk. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:147-168. [PMID: 38166176 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles performing important cellular functions ranging from bioenergetics and metabolism to apoptotic signaling and immune responses. They are highly dynamic at different structural and functional levels. Mitochondria have been shown to constantly undergo fusion and fission processes and dynamically interact with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and lipid droplets. The field of mitochondrial dynamics has evolved hand in hand with technological achievements including advanced fluorescence super-resolution nanoscopy. Dynamic remodeling of the cristae membrane within individual mitochondria, discovered very recently, opens up a further exciting layer of mitochondrial dynamics. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial dynamics at the following levels: (a) within an individual mitochondrion, (b) among mitochondria, and (c) between mitochondria and other organelles. Although the three tiers of mitochondrial dynamics have in the past been classified in a hierarchical manner, they are functionally connected and must act in a coordinated manner to maintain cellular functions and thus prevent various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
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8
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Crameri JJ, Palmer CS, Stait T, Jackson TD, Lynch M, Sinclair A, Frajman LE, Compton AG, Coman D, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE, Stojanovski D. Reduced Protein Import via TIM23 SORT Drives Disease Pathology in TIMM50-Associated Mitochondrial Disease. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:226-244. [PMID: 38828998 PMCID: PMC11204040 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2353652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
TIMM50 is a core subunit of the TIM23 complex, the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase responsible for the import of pre-sequence-containing precursors into the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane. Here we describe a mitochondrial disease patient who is homozygous for a novel variant in TIMM50 and establish the first proteomic map of mitochondrial disease associated with TIMM50 dysfunction. We demonstrate that TIMM50 pathogenic variants reduce the levels and activity of endogenous TIM23 complex, which significantly impacts the mitochondrial proteome, resulting in a combined oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defect and changes to mitochondrial ultrastructure. Using proteomic data sets from TIMM50 patient fibroblasts and a TIMM50 HEK293 cell model of disease, we reveal that laterally released substrates imported via the TIM23SORT complex pathway are most sensitive to loss of TIMM50. Proteins involved in OXPHOS and mitochondrial ultrastructure are enriched in the TIM23SORT substrate pool, providing a biochemical mechanism for the specific defects in TIMM50-associated mitochondrial disease patients. These results highlight the power of using proteomics to elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease and uncovering novel features of fundamental biology, with the implication that human TIMM50 may have a more pronounced role in lateral insertion than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine S. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tegan Stait
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas D. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Lynch
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leah E. Frajman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Teixeira P, Galland R, Chevrollier A. Super-resolution microscopies, technological breakthrough to decipher mitochondrial structure and dynamic. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 159-160:38-51. [PMID: 38310707 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with an outer membrane enveloping a second inner membrane that creates a vast matrix space partitioned by pockets or cristae that join the peripheral inner membrane with several thin junctions. Several micrometres long, mitochondria are generally close to 300 nm in diameter, with membrane layers separated by a few tens of nanometres. Ultrastructural data from electron microscopy revealed the structure of these mitochondria, while conventional optical microscopy revealed their extraordinary dynamics through fusion, fission, and migration processes but its limited resolution power restricted the possibility to go further. By overcoming the limits of light diffraction, Super-Resolution Microscopy (SRM) now offers the potential to establish the links between the ultrastructure and remodelling of mitochondrial membranes, leading to major advances in our understanding of mitochondria's structure-function. Here we review the contributions of SRM imaging to our understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial structure and function. What are the hopes for these new imaging approaches which are particularly important for mitochondrial pathologies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Teixeira
- Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MITOLAB, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Rémi Galland
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- Univ. Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MITOLAB, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
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10
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Xu X, Wang W, Qiao L, Fu Y, Ge X, Zhao K, Zhanghao K, Guan M, Chen X, Li M, Jin D, Xi P. Ultra-high spatio-temporal resolution imaging with parallel acquisition-readout structured illumination microscopy (PAR-SIM). LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38806501 PMCID: PMC11133488 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has emerged as a promising super-resolution fluorescence imaging technique, offering diverse configurations and computational strategies to mitigate phototoxicity during real-time imaging of biological specimens. Traditional efforts to enhance system frame rates have concentrated on processing algorithms, like rolling reconstruction or reduced frame reconstruction, or on investments in costly sCMOS cameras with accelerated row readout rates. In this article, we introduce an approach to elevate SIM frame rates and region of interest (ROI) coverage at the hardware level, without necessitating an upsurge in camera expenses or intricate algorithms. Here, parallel acquisition-readout SIM (PAR-SIM) achieves the highest imaging speed for fluorescence imaging at currently available detector sensitivity. By using the full frame-width of the detector through synchronizing the pattern generation and image exposure-readout process, we have achieved a fundamentally stupendous information spatial-temporal flux of 132.9 MPixels · s-1, 9.6-fold that of the latest techniques, with the lowest SNR of -2.11 dB and 100 nm resolution. PAR-SIM demonstrates its proficiency in successfully reconstructing diverse cellular organelles in dual excitations, even under conditions of low signal due to ultra-short exposure times. Notably, mitochondrial dynamic tubulation and ongoing membrane fusion processes have been captured in live COS-7 cell, recorded with PAR-SIM at an impressive 408 Hz. We posit that this novel parallel exposure-readout mode not only augments SIM pattern modulation for superior frame rates but also holds the potential to benefit other complex imaging systems with a strategic controlling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Airy Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Airy Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Yunzhe Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xichuan Ge
- Airy Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
| | - Karl Zhanghao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China
| | - Meiling Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dayong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Airy Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100086, China.
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11
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Ren W, Ge X, Li M, Sun J, Li S, Gao S, Shan C, Gao B, Xi P. Visualization of cristae and mtDNA interactions via STED nanoscopy using a low saturation power probe. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:116. [PMID: 38782912 PMCID: PMC11116397 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles closely associated with cellular metabolism and function. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes a variety of transcripts and proteins essential for cellular function. However, the interaction between the inner membrane (IM) and mtDNA remains elusive due to the limitations in spatiotemporal resolution offered by conventional microscopy and the absence of suitable in vivo probes specifically targeting the IM. Here, we have developed a novel fluorescence probe called HBmito Crimson, characterized by exceptional photostability, fluorogenicity within lipid membranes, and low saturation power. We successfully achieved over 500 frames of low-power stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) imaging to visualize the IM dynamics, with a spatial resolution of 40 nm. By utilizing dual-color imaging of the IM and mtDNA, it has been uncovered that mtDNA tends to habitat at mitochondrial tips or branch points, exhibiting an overall spatially uniform distribution. Notably, the dynamics of mitochondria are intricately associated with the positioning of mtDNA, and fusion consistently occurs in close proximity to mtDNA to minimize pressure during cristae remodeling. In healthy cells, >66% of the mitochondria are Class III (i.e., mitochondria >5 μm or with >12 cristae), while it dropped to <18% in ferroptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, orchestrated by cristae remodeling, foster the even distribution of mtDNA. Conversely, in conditions of apoptosis and ferroptosis where the cristae structure is compromised, mtDNA distribution becomes irregular. These findings, achieved with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, reveal the intricate interplay between cristae and mtDNA and provide insights into the driving forces behind mtDNA distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xichuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- National Center for Protein Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Baoxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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12
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Chen J, Stephan T, Gaedke F, Liu T, Li Y, Schauss A, Chen P, Wulff V, Jakobs S, Jüngst C, Chen Z. An aldehyde-crosslinking mitochondrial probe for STED imaging in fixed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317703121. [PMID: 38687792 PMCID: PMC11087744 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317703121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence labeling of chemically fixed specimens, especially immunolabeling, plays a vital role in super-resolution imaging as it offers a convenient way to visualize cellular structures like mitochondria or the distribution of biomolecules with high detail. Despite the development of various distinct probes that enable super-resolved stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging of mitochondria in live cells, most of these membrane-potential-dependent fluorophores cannot be retained well in mitochondria after chemical fixation. This lack of suitable mitochondrial probes has limited STED imaging of mitochondria to live cell samples. In this study, we introduce a mitochondria-specific probe, PK Mito Orange FX (PKMO FX), which features a fixation-driven cross-linking motif and accumulates in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It exhibits high fluorescence retention after chemical fixation and efficient depletion at 775 nm, enabling nanoscopic imaging both before and after aldehyde fixation. We demonstrate the compatibility of this probe with conventional immunolabeling and other strategies commonly used for fluorescence labeling of fixed samples. Moreover, we show that PKMO FX facilitates correlative super-resolution light and electron microscopy, enabling the correlation of multicolor fluorescence images and transmission EM images via the characteristic mitochondrial pattern. Our probe further expands the mitochondrial toolkit for multimodal microscopy at nanometer resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Felix Gaedke
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yiyan Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Peng Chen
- Peking University-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing211800, China
- Genvivo Biotech (PuHaiJingShan), Nanjing211800, China
| | - Veronika Wulff
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen37075, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology Translational, Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen37075, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37099, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Zhixing Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking University-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing211800, China
- Genvivo Biotech (PuHaiJingShan), Nanjing211800, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Ling J, Liu T, Chen Z. Lumos maxima - How robust fluorophores resist photobleaching? Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 79:102439. [PMID: 38432145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes synergize with advanced microscopy for researchers to investigate the location and dynamic processes of biomacromolecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the instability of fluorescent dyes, including photobleaching and photoconversion, represent fundamental limits for super-resolution and time-lapse imaging. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in improving the photostability of fluorescent dyes. We summarize the primary photobleaching processes of cyanine and rhodamine dyes and highlight a range of strategies developed in recent years to strengthen these fluorophores. Additionally, we discuss the influence of protein microenvironments and labeling methods on the photostability of fluorophores. We aim to inspire next-generation robust and bright fluorophores that ultimately enable the routine practice of time-lapse super-resolution imaging of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211800, China.
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14
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Stephan T, Stoldt S, Barbot M, Carney TD, Lange F, Bates M, Bou Dib P, Inamdar K, Shcherbata HR, Meinecke M, Riedel D, Dennerlein S, Rehling P, Jakobs S. Drosophila MIC10b can polymerize into cristae-shaping filaments. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302177. [PMID: 38253420 PMCID: PMC10803214 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that are crucial for cellular energy metabolism. The formation of cristae requires the presence of a protein complex known as MICOS, which is conserved across eukaryotic species. One of the subunits of this complex, MIC10, is a transmembrane protein that supports cristae formation by oligomerization. In Drosophila melanogaster, three MIC10-like proteins with different tissue-specific expression patterns exist. We demonstrate that CG41128/MINOS1b/DmMIC10b is the major MIC10 orthologue in flies. Its loss destabilizes MICOS, disturbs cristae architecture, and reduces the life span and fertility of flies. We show that DmMIC10b has a unique ability to polymerize into bundles of filaments, which can remodel mitochondrial crista membranes. The formation of these filaments relies on conserved glycine and cysteine residues, and can be suppressed by the co-expression of other Drosophila MICOS proteins. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of MICOS in flies, and suggest potential mechanisms for the maintenance of mitochondrial ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Stephan
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariam Barbot
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Travis D Carney
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Felix Lange
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Bates
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Institute for Nanophotonics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bou Dib
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaushik Inamdar
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Michael Meinecke
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Ren X, Wang C, Wu X, Rong M, Huang R, Liang Q, Shen T, Sun H, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Liu X, Song X, Foley JW. Auxochrome Dimethyl-Dihydroacridine Improves Fluorophores for Prolonged Live-Cell Super-Resolution Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6566-6579. [PMID: 38422385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Superior photostability, minimal phototoxicity, red-shifted absorption/emission wavelengths, high brightness, and an enlarged Stokes shift are essential characteristics of top-tier organic fluorophores, particularly for long-lasting super-resolution imaging in live cells (e.g., via stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy). However, few existing fluorophores possess all of these properties. In this study, we demonstrate a general approach for simultaneously enhancing these parameters through the introduction of 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (DMA) as an electron-donating auxochrome. DMA not only induces red shifts in emission wavelengths but also suppresses photooxidative reactions and prevents the formation of triplet states in DMA-based fluorophores, greatly improving photostability and remarkably minimizing phototoxicity. Moreover, the DMA group enhances the fluorophores' brightness and enlarges the Stokes shift. Importantly, the "universal" benefits of attaching the DMA auxochrome have been exemplified in various fluorophores including rhodamines, difluoride-boron complexes, and coumarin derivatives. The resulting fluorophores successfully enabled the STED imaging of organelles and HaloTag-labeled membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Xia Wu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Mengtao Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Liang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Tianruo Shen
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - James W Foley
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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16
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Peng F, Ai X, Sun J, Yang L, Gao B. Recent advances in FRET probes for mitochondrial imaging and sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2994-3007. [PMID: 38381520 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as essential organelles in cells, play a crucial role in cellular growth and apoptosis. Monitoring mitochondria is of great importance, as mitochondrial dysfunction is often considered a hallmark event of cell apoptosis. Traditional fluorescence probes used for mitochondrial imaging and sensing are mostly intensity-based and are susceptible to factors such as concentration, the probe environment, and fluorescence intensity. Probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) can effectively overcome external interference and achieve high-contrast imaging of mitochondria as well as quantitative monitoring of mitochondrial microenvironments. This review focuses on recent advances in the application of FRET-based probes for mitochondrial structure imaging and microenvironment sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Xiangnan Ai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Linshuai Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Baoxiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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17
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Jiang G, Liu H, Liu H, Ke G, Ren TB, Xiong B, Zhang XB, Yuan L. Chemical Approaches to Optimize the Properties of Organic Fluorophores for Imaging and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315217. [PMID: 38081782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores are indispensable tools in cells, tissue and in vivo imaging, and have enabled much progress in the wide range of biological and biomedical fields. However, many available dyes suffer from insufficient performances, such as short absorption and emission wavelength, low brightness, poor stability, small Stokes shift, and unsuitable permeability, restricting their application in advanced imaging technology and complex imaging. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to improve these performances of fluorophores. Starting with the luminescence principle of fluorophores, this review clarifies the mechanisms of the insufficient performance for traditional fluorophores to a certain extent, systematically summarizes the modified approaches of optimizing properties, highlights the typical applications of the improved fluorophores in imaging and sensing, and indicates existing problems and challenges in this area. This progress not only proves the significance of improving fluorophores properties, but also provide a theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
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18
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Gao X, Cai S, Wang L, Guo Y, Liu L, Weng X, Huang K, Yan W, Qu J. Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for dynamic STED imaging of mitochondria. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1595-1604. [PMID: 38495704 PMCID: PMC10942718 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy holds tremendous potential and practical implications in the field of biomedicine. However, the weak anti-bleaching performance remains a major challenge limiting the application of STED fluorescent probes. Meanwhile, the main excitation wavelengths of most reported STED fluorescent probes were below 500 nm or above 600 nm, and few of them were between 500-600 nm. Herein, we developed a new tetraphenyl ethylene-functionalized rhodamine dye (TPERh) for mitochondrial dynamic cristae imaging that was rhodamine-based with an excitation wavelength of 560 nm. The TPERh probe exhibits excellent anti-bleaching properties and low saturating stimulated radiation power in mitochondrial STED super-resolution imaging. Given these outstanding properties, the TPERh probe was used to measure mitochondrial deformation, which has positive implications for the study of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Songtao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Huang Y, Ji W, Zhang J, Huang Z, Ding A, Bai H, Peng B, Huang K, Du W, Zhao T, Li L. The involvement of the mitochondrial membrane in drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:28-50. [PMID: 38280553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Treatment effectiveness and biosafety are critical for disease therapy. Bio-membrane modification facilitates the homologous targeting of drugs in vivo by exploiting unique antibodies or antigens, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while ensuring biosafety. To further enhance the precision of disease treatment, future research should shift focus from targeted cellular delivery to targeted subcellular delivery. As the cellular powerhouses, mitochondria play an indispensable role in cell growth and regulation and are closely involved in many diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases). The double-layer membrane wrapped on the surface of mitochondria not only maintains the stability of their internal environment but also plays a crucial role in fundamental biological processes, such as energy generation, metabolite transport, and information communication. A growing body of evidence suggests that various diseases are tightly related to mitochondrial imbalance. Moreover, mitochondria-targeted strategies hold great potential to decrease therapeutic threshold dosage, minimize side effects, and promote the development of precision medicine. Herein, we introduce the structure and function of mitochondrial membranes, summarize and discuss the important role of mitochondrial membrane-targeting materials in disease diagnosis/treatment, and expound the advantages of mitochondrial membrane-assisted drug delivery for disease diagnosis, treatment, and biosafety. This review helps readers understand mitochondria-targeted therapies and promotes the application of mitochondrial membranes in drug delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bio-membrane modification facilitates the homologous targeting of drugs in vivo by exploiting unique antibodies or antigens, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while ensuring biosafety. Compared to cell-targeted treatment, targeting of mitochondria for drug delivery offers higher efficiency and improved biosafety and will promote the development of precision medicine. As a natural material, the mitochondrial membrane exhibits excellent biocompatibility and can serve as a carrier for mitochondria-targeted delivery. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of mitochondrial membranes and explores the potential benefits of utilizing mitochondrial membrane-assisted drug delivery for disease treatment and biosafety. The aim of this review is to enhance readers' comprehension of mitochondrial targeted therapy and to advance the utilization of mitochondrial membrane in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ze Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China.
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20
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Golombek M, Tsigaras T, Schaumkessel Y, Hänsch S, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Anand R, Reichert AS, Kondadi AK. Cristae dynamics is modulated in bioenergetically compromised mitochondria. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302386. [PMID: 37957016 PMCID: PMC10643176 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cristae membranes have been recently shown to undergo intramitochondrial merging and splitting events. Yet, the metabolic and bioenergetic factors regulating them are unclear. Here, we investigated whether and how cristae morphology and dynamics are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the ADP/ATP nucleotide translocator. Advanced live-cell STED nanoscopy combined with in-depth quantification were employed to analyse cristae morphology and dynamics after treatment of mammalian cells with rotenone, antimycin A, oligomycin A, and CCCP. This led to formation of enlarged mitochondria along with reduced cristae density but did not impair cristae dynamics. CCCP treatment leading to ΔΨm abrogation even enhanced cristae dynamics showing its ΔΨm-independent nature. Inhibition of OXPHOS complexes was accompanied by reduced ATP levels but did not affect cristae dynamics. However, inhibition of ADP/ATP exchange led to aberrant cristae morphology and impaired cristae dynamics in a mitochondrial subset. In sum, we provide quantitative data of cristae membrane remodelling under different conditions supporting an important interplay between OXPHOS, metabolite exchange, and cristae membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Golombek
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thanos Tsigaras
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yulia Schaumkessel
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Kondadi
- https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Nesterov SV, Plokhikh KS, Chesnokov YM, Mustafin DA, Goleva TN, Rogov AG, Vasilov RG, Yaguzhinsky LS. Safari with an Electron Gun: Visualization of Protein and Membrane Interactions in Mitochondria in Natural Environment. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:257-268. [PMID: 38622094 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents new structural data about mitochondria using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and cryo-electron tomography. These state-of-the-art structural biology methods allow studying biological objects at nanometer scales under natural conditions. Non-invasiveness of these methods makes them comparable to observing animals in their natural environment on a safari. The paper highlights two areas of research that can only be accomplished using these methods. The study visualized location of the Aβ42 amyloid aggregates in relation to mitochondria to test a hypothesis of development of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that the Aβ42 aggregates do not interact with mitochondria, although some of them are closely located. Therefore, the study demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is not directly associated with the effects of aggregates on mitochondrial structure. Other processes should be considered as sources of mitochondrial dysfunction. Second unique area presented in this work is high-resolution visualization of the mitochondrial membranes and proteins in them. Analysis of the cryo-ET data reveals toroidal holes in the lamellar structures of cardiac mitochondrial cristae, where ATP synthases are located. The study proposes a new mechanism for sorting and clustering protein complexes in the membrane based on topology. According to this suggestion, position of the OXPHOS system proteins in the membrane is determined by its curvature. High-resolution tomography expands and complements existing ideas about the structural and functional organization of mitochondria. This makes it possible to study the previously inaccessible structural interactions of proteins with each other and with membranes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen V Nesterov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | | | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Denis A Mustafin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Tatyana N Goleva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Anton G Rogov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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22
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Lesiak L, Dadina N, Zheng S, Schelvis M, Schepartz A. A Bright, Photostable, and Far-Red Dye That Enables Multicolor, Time-Lapse, and Super-Resolution Imaging of Acidic Organelles. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:19-27. [PMID: 38292604 PMCID: PMC10823512 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been known for their acidic lumens and efficient degradation of cellular byproducts. In recent years, it has become clear that their function is far more sophisticated, involving multiple cell signaling pathways and interactions with other organelles. Unfortunately, their acidic interior, fast dynamics, and small size make lysosomes difficult to image with fluorescence microscopy. Here we report a far-red small molecule, HMSiR680-Me, that fluoresces only under acidic conditions, causing selective labeling of acidic organelles in live cells. HMSiR680-Me can be used alongside other far-red dyes in multicolor imaging experiments and is superior to existing lysosome probes in terms of photostability and maintaining cell health and lysosome motility. We demonstrate that HMSiR680-Me is compatible with overnight time-lapse experiments as well as time-lapse super-resolution microscopy with a frame rate of 1.5 fps for at least 1000 frames. HMSiR680-Me can also be used alongside silicon rhodamine dyes in a multiplexed super-resolution microscopy experiment to visualize interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes with only a single excitation laser and simultaneous depletion. We envision this dye permitting a more detailed study of the role of lysosomes in dynamic cellular processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lesiak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marianne Schelvis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California
Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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23
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Chan SJW, Zhu JY, Mia Soh WW, Bazan GC. Real-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Damage Using Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:660-667. [PMID: 38131111 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) comprise a class of fluorescent reporters with tunable optical properties and lipid bilayer affinity. These molecules have proven effective in a range of bioimaging applications; however, their use in characterizing specific subcellular structures remains restricted. Such capabilities would broaden COE applications to understand cellular dysfunction, cell communication, and the targets of different pharmaceutical agents. Here, we disclose a novel COE derivative, COE-CN, which enables the visualization of mitochondria, including morphological changes and lysosomal fusion upon treatment with depolarizing agents. COE-CN is characterized by the presence of imidazolium solubilizing groups and an optically active cyanovinyl-linked distyrylbenzene core with intramolecular charge-transfer characteristics. Our current understanding is that the relatively shorter molecular length of COE-CN leads to weaker binding within lipid bilayer membranes, which allows sampling of internal cellular structures and ultimately to different localization relative to elongated COEs. As a means of practical demonstration, COE-CN can be used to diagnose cells with damaged mitochondria via flow cytometry. Coupled with an elongated COE that does not translocate upon depolarization, changes in ratiometric fluorescence intensity can be used to monitor mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, demonstrating the potential for use in diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J W Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ji-Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wee Mia Soh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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24
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Zheng S, Dadina N, Mozumdar D, Lesiak L, Martinez KN, Miller EW, Schepartz A. Long-term super-resolution inner mitochondrial membrane imaging with a lipid probe. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:83-92. [PMID: 37857992 PMCID: PMC10746544 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) generates power to drive cell function, and its dynamics control mitochondrial health and cellular homeostasis. Here, we describe the cell-permeant, lipid-like small molecule MAO-N3 and use it to assemble high-density environmentally sensitive (HIDE) probes that selectively label and image the IMM in live cells and multiple cell states. MAO-N3 pairs with strain-promoted azide-alkyne click chemistry-reactive fluorophores to support HIDE imaging using confocal, structured illumination, single-molecule localization and stimulated emission depletion microscopy, all with significantly improved resistance to photobleaching. These probes generate images with excellent spatial and temporal resolution, require no genetic manipulations, are non-toxic in model cell lines and primary cardiomyocytes (even under conditions that amplify the effects of mitochondrial toxins) and can visualize mitochondrial dynamics for 12.5 h. This probe will enable comprehensive studies of IMM dynamics with high temporal and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Deepto Mozumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kayli N Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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25
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McLaughlin MR, Weaver SA, Syed F, Evans-Molina C. Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Characterization of Subcellular Organelle Structure in Pancreatic Islet β Cells. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5243-5267. [PMID: 38158370 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects more than 32.3 million individuals in the United States, creating an economic burden of nearly $966 billion in 2021. T2D results from a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell. However, genetic and physiologic data indicate that defects in β cell function are the chief determinant of whether an individual with insulin resistance will progress to a diagnosis of T2D. The subcellular organelles of the insulin secretory pathway, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules, play a critical role in maintaining the heavy biosynthetic burden of insulin production, processing, and secretion. In addition, the mitochondria enable the process of insulin release by integrating the metabolism of nutrients into energy output. Advanced imaging techniques are needed to determine how changes in the structure and composition of these organelles contribute to the loss of insulin secretory capacity in the β cell during T2D. Several microscopy techniques, including electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and soft X-ray tomography, have been utilized to investigate the structure-function relationship within the β cell. In this overview article, we will detail the methodology, strengths, and weaknesses of each approach. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5243-5267, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R McLaughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Staci A Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- The Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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26
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Kruzich E, Phadke RA, Brack A, Stroumbakis D, Infante O, Cruz-Martín A. A pipeline for STED super-resolution imaging and Imaris analysis of nanoscale synapse organization in mouse cortical brain slices. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102707. [PMID: 37948187 PMCID: PMC10658395 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in super-resolution imaging enable us to delve into its intricate structural and functional complexities with unprecedented detail. Here, we present a pipeline to visualize and analyze the nanoscale organization of cortical layer 1 apical dendritic spines in the mouse prefrontal cortex. We describe steps for brain slice preparation, immunostaining, stimulated emission depletion super-resolution microscopy, and data analysis using the Imaris software package. This protocol allows the study of physiologically relevant brain circuits implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Kruzich
- Neurobiology Section in the Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Rhushikesh A Phadke
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Section in the Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alison Brack
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Section in the Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dimitri Stroumbakis
- Neurobiology Section in the Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Oriannys Infante
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alberto Cruz-Martín
- Neurobiology Section in the Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Section in the Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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27
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He E, Ren J, Wang L, Li F, Li L, Ye T, Jiao Y, Li D, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao R, Zhang Y. A Mitochondrion-Inspired Magnesium-Oxygen Biobattery with High Energy Density In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304141. [PMID: 37478834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Implantable batteries are urgently needed as a power source to meet the demands of the next generation of biomedical electronic devices. However, existing implantable batteries suffer from unsatisfactory energy density, hindering the miniaturization of these devices. Here, a mitochondrion-inspired magnesium-oxygen biobattery that achieves both high energy density and biocompatibility in vivo is reported. The resulting biobattery exhibits a recorded energy density of 2517 Wh L-1 /1491 Wh kg-1 based on the total volume/mass of the device in vivo, which is ≈2.5 times higher than the current state-of-the-art, and can adapt to different environments for stable discharges. The volume of the magnesium-oxygen biobattery can be as thin as 0.015 mm3 and can be scaled up to 400 times larger without reducing the energy density. Additionally, it shows a stable biobattery/tissue interface, significantly reducing foreign body reactions. This work presents an effective strategy for the development of high-performance implantable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junye Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lie Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luhe Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiding Jiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanzhen Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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28
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Liu S, Ling J, Chen P, Cao C, Peng L, Zhang Y, Ji G, Guo Y, Chen PR, Zou P, Chen Z. Orange/far-red hybrid voltage indicators with reduced phototoxicity enable reliable long-term imaging in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306950120. [PMID: 37590412 PMCID: PMC10450445 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306950120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid voltage indicators (HVIs) are chemogenetic sensors that combines the superior photophysical properties of organic dyes and the genetic targetability of protein sensors to report transient membrane voltage changes. They exhibit boosted sensitivity in excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. However, the voltage signals recorded during long-term imaging are severely diminished or distorted due to phototoxicity and photobleaching issues. To capture stable electrophysiological activities over a long time, we employ cyanine dyes conjugated with a cyclooctatetraene (COT) molecule as the fluorescence reporter of HVI. The resulting orange-emitting HVI-COT-Cy3 enables high-fidelity voltage imaging for up to 30 min in cultured primary neurons with a sensitivity of ~ -30% ΔF/F0 per action potential (AP). It also maximally preserves the signal of individual APs in cardiomyocytes. The far-red-emitting HVI-COT-Cy5 allows two-color voltage/calcium imaging with GCaMP6s in neurons and cardiomyocytes for 15 min. We leverage the HVI-COT series with reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching to evaluate the impact of drug candidates on the electrophysiology of excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Peking University-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing211800, China
- Genvivo Biotech, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Chang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Luxin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Guangshen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yingna Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Peng R. Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing102206, China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking University-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing211800, China
- Genvivo Biotech, Nanjing211800, China
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29
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Lesiak L, Dadina N, Zheng S, Schelvis M, Schepartz A. A Bright, Photostable Dye that Enables Multicolor, Time Lapse, and Super-Resolution Imaging of Acidic Organelles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552058. [PMID: 37577591 PMCID: PMC10418513 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been known for their acidic lumen and efficient degradation of cellular byproducts. In recent years it has become clear that their function is far more sophisticated, involving multiple cell signaling pathways and interactions with other organelles. Unfortunately, their acidic interior, fast dynamics, and small size makes lysosomes difficult to image with fluorescence microscopy. Here we report a far-red small molecule, HMSiR680-Me, that fluoresces only under acidic conditions, causing selective labeling of acidic organelles in live cells. HMSiR680-Me can be used alongside other far-red dyes in multicolor imaging experiments and is superior to existing lysosome probes in terms of photostability and maintaining cell health and lysosome motility. We demonstrate that HMSiR680-Me is compatible with overnight time lapse experiments, as well as time lapse super-resolution microscopy with a fast frame rate for at least 1000 frames. HMSiR680-Me can also be used alongside silicon rhodamine dyes in a multiplexed super-resolution microscopy experiment to visualize interactions between the inner mitochondrial membrane and lysosomes with only a single excitation laser and simultaneous depletion. We envision this dye permitting more detailed study of the role of lysosomes in dynamic cellular processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marianne Schelvis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Adams RA, Liu Z, Hsieh C, Marko M, Lederer WJ, Jafri MS, Mannella C. Structural Analysis of Mitochondria in Cardiomyocytes: Insights into Bioenergetics and Membrane Remodeling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6097-6115. [PMID: 37504301 PMCID: PMC10378267 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in mammalian cardiomyocytes display considerable structural heterogeneity, the significance of which is not currently understood. We use electron microscopic tomography to analyze a dataset of 68 mitochondrial subvolumes to look for correlations among mitochondrial size and shape, crista morphology and membrane density, and organelle location within rat cardiac myocytes. A tomographic analysis guided the definition of four classes of crista morphology: lamellar, tubular, mixed and transitional, the last associated with remodeling between lamellar and tubular cristae. Correlations include an apparent bias for mitochondria with lamellar cristae to be located in the regions between myofibrils and a two-fold larger crista membrane density in mitochondria with lamellar cristae relative to mitochondria with tubular cristae. The examination of individual cristae inside mitochondria reveals local variations in crista topology, such as extent of branching, alignment of fenestrations and progressive changes in membrane morphology and packing density. The findings suggest both a rationale for the interfibrillar location of lamellar mitochondria and a pathway for crista remodeling from lamellar to tubular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A. Adams
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| | - Zheng Liu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA (M.M.)
| | - Chongere Hsieh
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA (M.M.)
| | - Michael Marko
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA (M.M.)
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - M. Saleet Jafri
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Carmen Mannella
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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31
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Ng EL, Reed AL, O'Connell CB, Alder NN. Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65561. [PMID: 37458423 PMCID: PMC11067429 DOI: 10.3791/65561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play many essential roles in the cell, including energy production, regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, lipid biosynthesis, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mitochondria-mediated processes take on specialized roles in neurons, coordinating aerobic metabolism to meet the high energy demands of these cells, modulating Ca2+ signaling, providing lipids for axon growth and regeneration, and tuning ROS production for neuronal development and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is therefore a central driver in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial structure and function are inextricably linked. The morphologically complex inner membrane with structural infolds called cristae harbors many molecular systems that perform the signature processes of the mitochondrion. The architectural features of the inner membrane are ultrastructural and therefore, too small to be visualized by traditional diffraction-limited resolved microscopy. Thus, most insights on mitochondrial ultrastructure have come from electron microscopy on fixed samples. However, emerging technologies in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy now provide resolution down to tens of nanometers, allowing visualization of ultrastructural features in live cells. Super-resolution imaging therefore offers an unprecedented ability to directly image fine details of mitochondrial structure, nanoscale protein distributions, and cristae dynamics, providing fundamental new insights that link mitochondria to human health and disease. This protocol presents the use of stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy to visualize the mitochondrial ultrastructure of live human neuroblastoma cells and primary rat neurons. This procedure is organized into five sections: (1) growth and differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cell line, (2) isolation, plating, and growth of primary rat hippocampal neurons, (3) procedures for staining cells for live STED imaging, (4) procedures for live cell STED experiments using a STED microscope for reference, and (5) guidance for segmentation and image processing using examples to measure and quantify morphological features of the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery L Ng
- Center for Open Research Resources and Equipment, University of Connecticut
| | - Ashley L Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut
| | | | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut;
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32
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Ebrahimi V, Stephan T, Kim J, Carravilla P, Eggeling C, Jakobs S, Han KY. Deep learning enables fast, gentle STED microscopy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:674. [PMID: 37369761 PMCID: PMC10300082 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STED microscopy is widely used to image subcellular structures with super-resolution. Here, we report that restoring STED images with deep learning can mitigate photobleaching and photodamage by reducing the pixel dwell time by one or two orders of magnitude. Our method allows for efficient and robust restoration of noisy 2D and 3D STED images with multiple targets and facilitates long-term imaging of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiah Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pablo Carravilla
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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33
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Xin N, Gao D, Su B, Zhou T, Zhu Y, Wu C, Wei D, Sun J, Fan H. Orange-Emissive Carbon Dots with High Photostability for Mitochondrial Dynamics Tracking in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1161-1172. [PMID: 36795996 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play significant roles in maintaining a stable internal environment for cell metabolism. Hence, real-time monitoring of the dynamics of mitochondria is essential for further understanding mitochondria-related diseases. Fluorescent probes provide powerful tools for visualizing dynamic processes. However, most mitochondria-targeted probes are derived from organic molecules with poor photostability, making long-term dynamic monitoring challenging. Herein, we design a novel mitochondria-targeted probe based on carbon dots with high performance for long-term tracking. Considering that the targeting ability of CDs is related to surface functional groups, which are generally determined by the reaction precursors, we successfully constructed mitochondria-targeted O-CDs with emission at 565 nm through solvothermal treatment of m-diethylaminophenol. The O-CDs are bright with a high quantum yield of 12.61%, high mitochondria-targeting ability, and good stability. The O-CDs possess a high quantum yield (12.61%), specific mitochondria-targeting ability, and outstanding optical stability. Owing to the abundant hydroxyl and ammonium cations on the surface, O-CDs showed obvious accumulation in mitochondria with a high colocalization coefficient of up to 0.90 and remained steady even after fixation. Besides, O-CDs showed outstanding compatibility and photostability under various interruptions or long-time irradiation. Therefore, O-CDs are preferable for the long-term tracking of dynamic mitochondrial behavior in live cells. We first observed the mitochondrial fission and fusion behaviors in HeLa cells, and then, the size, morphology, and distribution of mitochondria in physiological or pathological conditions were clearly recorded. More importantly, we observed different dynamics interactions between mitochondria and lipid droplets during the apoptosis and mitophagy processes. This study provides a potential tool for exploring interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, further promoting the research on mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Borui Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuda Zhu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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34
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Curtin N, Garre M, Wu D, O’Shea DF. Identifying STEDable BF 2-Azadipyrromethene Fluorophores. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031415. [PMID: 36771082 PMCID: PMC9919209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BF2-azadipyrromethenes are highly versatile fluorophores used for cellular and in vivo imaging in the near-infrared and far-red regions of the spectrum. As of yet, their use in conjunction with super-resolution imaging methodologies has not been explored. In this report, a series of structurally related BF2-azadipyrromethenes has been examined for their suitability for use with stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. The potential for STED imaging was initially evaluated using aqueous solutions of fluorophores as an effective predictor of fluorophore suitability. For live cell STED imaging in both 2D and 3D, several far-red emitting BF2-azadipyrromethenes were successfully employed. Image resolution below the diffraction limit of a confocal microscope was demonstrated through measurement of distinct intracellular features including the nuclear membrane, nuclear lamina invaginations, the endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles. As the STED ability of BF2-azadipyrromethene fluorophores has now been established, their use with this super-resolution method may be expected to increase in the future.
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