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Hamins-Puértolas M, Buddhari D, Salje H, Cummings DAT, Fernandez S, Farmer A, Kaewhiran S, Khampaen D, Iamsirithaworn S, Srikiatkhachorn A, Waickman A, Thomas SJ, Rothman AL, Endy T, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Anderson KB. Household immunity and individual risk of infection with dengue virus in a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:274-283. [PMID: 38110699 PMCID: PMC10895643 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that household infections drive the transmission of dengue virus (DENV), it is unclear how household composition and the immune status of inhabitants affect the individual risk of infection. Most population-based studies to date have focused on paediatric cohorts because more severe forms of dengue mainly occur in children, and the role of adults in dengue transmission is understudied. Here we analysed data from a multigenerational cohort study of 470 households, comprising 2,860 individuals, in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, to evaluate risk factors for DENV infection. Using a gradient-boosted regression model trained on annual haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre inputs, we identified 1,049 infections, 90% of which were subclinical. By analysing imputed infections, we found that individual antibody titres, household composition and antibody titres of other members in the same household affect an individual's risk of DENV infection. Those individuals living in households with high average antibody titres, or households with more adults, had a reduced risk of infection. We propose that herd immunity to dengue acts at the household level and may provide insight into the drivers of the recent change in the shifting age distribution of dengue cases in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aaron Farmer
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adam Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Timothy Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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