1
|
Le-Deygen IM, Skuredina AA, Kudryashova EV. Experimental Methods to Study the Mechanisms of Interaction of Lipid Membranes with Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
2
|
Kamerkar SC, Roy K, Bhattacharyya S, Pucadyil TJ. A Screen for Membrane Fission Catalysts Identifies the ATPase EHD1. Biochemistry 2018; 58:65-71. [PMID: 30403133 PMCID: PMC6327249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fission manifests during cell division, synaptic transmission, vesicular transport, and organelle biogenesis, yet identifying proteins that catalyze fission remains a challenge. Using a facile and robust assay system of supported membrane tubes in a microscopic screen that directly monitors membrane tube scission, we detect robust GTP- and ATP-dependent as well as nucleotide-independent fission activity in the brain cytosol. Using previously established interacting partner proteins as bait for pulldowns, we attribute the GTP-dependent fission activity to dynamin. Biochemical fractionation followed by mass spectrometric analyses identifies the Eps15-homology domain-containing protein1 (EHD1) as a novel ATP-dependent membrane fission catalyst. Together, our approach establishes an experimental workflow for the discovery of novel membrane fission catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukrut C Kamerkar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pashan, Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pashan, Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharyya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pashan, Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Thomas J Pucadyil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pashan, Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pucadyil TJ. A novel fluorescence microscopic approach to quantitatively analyse protein-induced membrane remodelling. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
4
|
Pucadyil TJ. A novel fluorescence microscopic approach to quantitatively analyse protein-induced membrane remodelling. J Biosci 2018; 43:431-435. [PMID: 30002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane remodelling or the bending and rupture of the lipid bilayer occurs during diverse cellular processes such as cell division, synaptic transmission, vesicular transport, organelle biogenesis and sporulation. These activities are brought about by the localized change in membrane curvature, which in turn causes lipid-packing stress, of a planar lipid bilayer by proteins. For instance, vesicular transport processes are typically characterized by the cooperative recruitment of proteins that induce budding of a planar membrane and catalyse fission of the necks of membrane buds to release vesicles. The analysis of such membrane remodelling reactions has traditionally been restricted to electron microscopy-based approaches or force spectroscopic analysis of membrane tethers pulled from liposome-based model membrane systems. Our recent work has demonstrated the facile creation of tubular model membrane systems of supported membrane tubes (SMrTs), which mimic late-stage intermediates of typical vesicular transport reactions. This review addresses the nature of such an assay system and a fluorescence-intensity-based analysis of changes in tube dimensions that is indicative of the membrane remodelling capacity of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Pucadyil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Use of the supported membrane tube assay system for real-time analysis of membrane fission reactions. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:390-400. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Molino D, Galli T. Biogenesis and transport of membrane domains-potential implications in brain pathologies. Biochimie 2013; 96:75-84. [PMID: 24075975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipids in biological membranes show astonishing chemical diversity, but they also show some key conserved structures in different organisms. In addition, some of their biophysical properties have been related to specific functions. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of sphingolipids- and cholesterol-rich micro- and nano-membrane domains (MD) and highlight their pivotal role in lipid-protein clustering processes, vesicle biogenesis and membrane fusion. We further review potential connections between human pathologies and defects in MD biosynthesis, recycling and homeostasis. Brain, which is second only to the adipose tissues in term of lipid abundance, is particularly affected by MD defects which are linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Finally we propose a potential connection between MD and several nutrient-related processes and envision how diet and autophagy could bring insights towards understanding the impact of global lipid homeostasis on human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Molino
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France; INSERM ERL U950, Membrane Traffic in Neuronal and Epithelial Morphogenesis, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grossman GH, Ebke LA, Beight CD, Jang GF, Crabb JW, Hagstrom SA. Protein partners of dynamin-1 in the retina. Vis Neurosci 2013; 30:129-39. [PMID: 23746204 PMCID: PMC3936680 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523813000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin proteins are involved in vesicle generation, providing mechanical force to excise newly formed vesicles from membranes of cellular compartments. In the brain, dynamin-1, dynamin-2, and dynamin-3 have been well studied; however, their function in the retina remains elusive. A retina-specific splice variant of dynamin-1 interacts with the photoreceptor-specific protein Tubby-like protein 1 (Tulp1), which when mutated causes an early onset form of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we investigated the role of the dynamins in the retina, using immunohistochemistry to localize dynamin-1, dynamin-2, and dynamin-3 and immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry to explore dynamin-1 interacting proteins in mouse retina. Dynamin-2 is primarily confined to the inner segment compartment of photoreceptors, suggesting a role in outer segment protein transport. Dynamin-3 is present in the terminals of photoreceptors and dendrites of second-order neurons but is most pronounced in the inner plexiform layer where second-order neurons relay signals from photoreceptors. Dynamin-1 appears to be the dominant isoform in the retina and is present throughout the retina and in multiple compartments of the photoreceptor cell. This suggests that it may function in multiple cellular pathways. Surprisingly, dynamin-1 expression and localization did not appear to be disrupted in tulp1−/− mice. Immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that dynamin-1 associates primarily with proteins involved in cytoskeletal-based membrane dynamics. This finding is confirmed by western blot analysis. Results further implicate dynamin-1 in vesicular protein transport processes relevant to synaptic and post-Golgi pathways and indicate a possible role in photoreceptor stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Grossman
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koch D, Spiwoks-Becker I, Sabanov V, Sinning A, Dugladze T, Stellmacher A, Ahuja R, Grimm J, Schüler S, Müller A, Angenstein F, Ahmed T, Diesler A, Moser M, Tom Dieck S, Spessert R, Boeckers TM, Fässler R, Hübner CA, Balschun D, Gloveli T, Kessels MM, Qualmann B. Proper synaptic vesicle formation and neuronal network activity critically rely on syndapin I. EMBO J 2011; 30:4955-69. [PMID: 21926968 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission relies on effective and accurate compensatory endocytosis. F-BAR proteins may serve as membrane curvature sensors and/or inducers and thereby support membrane remodelling processes; yet, their in vivo functions urgently await disclosure. We demonstrate that the F-BAR protein syndapin I is crucial for proper brain function. Syndapin I knockout (KO) mice suffer from seizures, a phenotype consistent with excessive hippocampal network activity. Loss of syndapin I causes defects in presynaptic membrane trafficking processes, which are especially evident under high-capacity retrieval conditions, accumulation of endocytic intermediates, loss of synaptic vesicle (SV) size control, impaired activity-dependent SV retrieval and defective synaptic activity. Detailed molecular analyses demonstrate that syndapin I plays an important role in the recruitment of all dynamin isoforms, central players in vesicle fission reactions, to the membrane. Consistently, syndapin I KO mice share phenotypes with dynamin I KO mice, whereas their seizure phenotype is very reminiscent of fitful mice expressing a mutant dynamin. Thus, syndapin I acts as pivotal membrane anchoring factor for dynamins during regeneration of SVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Dynamin, best studied for its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is the prototypical member of a family of multidomain GTPases involved in fission and remodeling of multiple organelles. Recent studies have shown that dynamin alone can catalyze fission of membrane tubules and vesicle formation from planar lipid templates. Thus, dynamin appears to be a self-sufficient fission machine. Here we review the biochemical activities and structural features of dynamin required for fission activity. As all changes in membrane topology require energetically unfavorable rearrangements of the lipid bilayer, we discuss the interplay between dynamin and its lipid substrates that are critical to defining a nonleaky pathway to membrane fission. We propose a two-stage model for dynamin-catalyzed fission. In stage one, dynamin's mechanochemical activities induce localized curvature stress and position its lipid-interacting pleckstrin homology domains to create a catalytic center that, in stage two, guides lipid remodeling through hemifission intermediates to drive membrane fission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woronowicz K, Dilks JR, Rozenvayn N, Dowal L, Blair PS, Peters CG, Woronowicz L, Flaumenhaft R. The platelet actin cytoskeleton associates with SNAREs and participates in alpha-granule secretion. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4533-42. [PMID: 20429610 DOI: 10.1021/bi100541t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Following platelet activation, platelets undergo a dramatic shape change mediated by the actin cytoskeleton and accompanied by secretion of granule contents. While the actin cytoskeleton is thought to influence platelet granule secretion, the mechanism for this putative regulation is not known. We found that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by latrunculin A inhibited alpha-granule secretion induced by several different platelet agonists without significantly affecting activation-induced platelet aggregation. In a cell-free secretory system, platelet cytosol was required for alpha-granule secretion. Inhibition of actin polymerization prevented alpha-granule secretion in this system, and purified platelet actin could substitute for platelet cytosol to support alpha-granule secretion. To determine whether SNAREs physically associate with the actin cytoskeleton, we isolated the Triton X-100 insoluble actin cytoskeleton from platelets. VAMP-8 and syntaxin-2 associated only with actin cytoskeletons of activated platelets. Syntaxin-4 and SNAP-23 associated with cytoskeletons isolated from either resting or activated platelets. When syntaxin-4 and SNAP-23 were tested for actin binding in a purified protein system, only syntaxin-4 associated directly with polymerized platelet actin. These data show that the platelet cytoskeleton interacts with select SNAREs and that actin polymerization facilitates alpha-granule release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Woronowicz
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Liposomes have been utilized for variety of membrane transport studies including clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here we introduce clathrin-coated structures that are generated on large unilamellar liposomes by incubating with clathrin coat proteins. Large unilamellar liposomes are also used to reconstitute vesicle formation in a cell-free system, and the vesicle formation can be quantified by using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, phagocytosis assay using liposome-conjugated styrene beads is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamada H, Padilla-Parra S, Park SJ, Itoh T, Chaineau M, Monaldi I, Cremona O, Benfenati F, De Camilli P, Coppey-Moisan M, Tramier M, Galli T, Takei K. Dynamic interaction of amphiphysin with N-WASP regulates actin assembly. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:34244-56. [PMID: 19759398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin 1, an endocytic adaptor concentrated at synapses that couples clathrin-mediated endocytosis to dynamin-dependent fission, was also shown to have a regulatory role in actin dynamics. Here, we report that amphiphysin 1 interacts with N-WASP and stimulates N-WASP- and Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization. Both the Src homology 3 and the N-BAR domains are required for this stimulation. Acidic liposome-triggered, N-WASP-dependent actin polymerization is strongly impaired in brain cytosol of amphiphysin 1 knock-out mice. FRET-FLIM analysis of Sertoli cells, where endogenously expressed amphiphysin 1 co-localizes with N-WASP in peripheral ruffles, confirmed the association between the two proteins in vivo. This association undergoes regulation and is enhanced by stimulating phosphatidylserine receptors on the cell surface with phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes that trigger ruffle formation. These results indicate that actin regulation is a key function of amphiphysin 1 and that such function cooperates with the endocytic adaptor role and membrane shaping/curvature sensing properties of the protein during the endocytic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Kinoshita M, Takiguchi K. Septin-mediated uniform bracing of phospholipid membranes. Curr Biol 2009; 19:140-5. [PMID: 19167227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell shape is determined by the interplay between the lipid bilayer and the underlying network of protein polymers. We explored unknown determinants involved in cell morphogenesis as factors that transform phospholipid-based liposomes (diameter 5-20 microm). Unlabeled giant liposomes, observed through dark-field optics, were metastable in an aqueous suspension. In contrast, liposomes robustly protruded uniform tubules immediately after the addition of a brain extract to the suspension. The tubulation reaction was greatly facilitated when the liposomes contained PIP or PIP2. Biochemical analysis of the brain extract revealed that heteromeric complexes of septins, a family of polymerizing GTP/GDP-binding proteins, are responsible for the membrane transformation. Ultrastructural analysis established that each membrane tubule (diameter 0.43 +/- 0.079 microm) is braced by a circumferential array of septin filaments. Although submembranous septin assemblies are associated with diverse cortical morphogenesis from yeast to mammals, the biophysical basis for the septin-membrane interplay remains largely unknown. Further, there is a biochemical discrepancy between the fast septin remodeling in cells and their slow self-assembly in vitro. This membrane-facilitated fast septin assembly demonstrated for the first time by our unique experimental system should provide important clues to characterize these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Tanaka-Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
James DJ, Khodthong C, Kowalchyk JA, Martin TFJ. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates SNARE-dependent membrane fusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 182:355-66. [PMID: 18644890 PMCID: PMC2483516 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200801056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI 4,5-P2) on the plasma membrane is essential for vesicle exocytosis but its role in membrane fusion has not been determined. Here, we quantify the concentration of PI 4,5-P2 as ∼6 mol% in the cytoplasmic leaflet of plasma membrane microdomains at sites of docked vesicles. At this concentration of PI 4,5-P2 soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE)–dependent liposome fusion is inhibited. Inhibition by PI 4,5-P2 likely results from its intrinsic positive curvature–promoting properties that inhibit formation of high negative curvature membrane fusion intermediates. Mutation of juxtamembrane basic residues in the plasma membrane SNARE syntaxin-1 increase inhibition by PI 4,5-P2, suggesting that syntaxin sequesters PI 4,5-P2 to alleviate inhibition. To define an essential rather than inhibitory role for PI 4,5-P2, we test a PI 4,5-P2–binding priming factor required for vesicle exocytosis. Ca2+-dependent activator protein for secretion promotes increased rates of SNARE-dependent fusion that are PI 4,5-P2 dependent. These results indicate that PI 4,5-P2 regulates fusion both as a fusion restraint that syntaxin-1 alleviates and as an essential cofactor that recruits protein priming factors to facilitate SNARE-dependent fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Declan J James
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Lian L, Golden JA, Morrisey EE, Abrams CS. PIP5KI gamma is required for cardiovascular and neuronal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11748-53. [PMID: 17609388 PMCID: PMC1913884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700019104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells contain the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) that serves multiple roles in signal transduction cascades. Type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI) catalyzes the synthesis of PIP2 by phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate. Although the classical isoforms of PIP5KI (designated as alpha, beta, and gamma) all generate the same phospholipid product, they have significantly dissimilar primary structures and expression levels in different tissues, and they appear to localize within different compartments within the cell. Therefore, it appears likely that PIP5KI isoforms have overlapping, but not identical, functions. Here we show that targeted disruption of PIP5KIgamma causes widespread developmental and cellular defects. PIP5KIgamma-null embryos have myocardial developmental defects associated with impaired intracellular junctions that lead to heart failure and extensive prenatal lethality at embryonic day 11.5 of development. Loss of PIP5KIgamma also results in neural tube closure defects that were associated with impaired PIP2 production, adhesion junction formation, and neuronal cell migration. These data, along with those of other PIP5KI isoforms, indicate that individual PIP5KI isoenzymes fulfill specific roles in embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles S. Abrams
- Departments of *Medicine and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Membrane curvature is no longer seen as a passive consequence of cellular activity but an active means to create membrane domains and to organize centres for membrane trafficking. Curvature can be dynamically modulated by changes in lipid composition, the oligomerization of curvature scaffolding proteins and the reversible insertion of protein regions that act like wedges in membranes. There is an interplay between curvature-generating and curvature-sensing proteins during vesicle budding. This is seen during vesicle budding and in the formation of microenvironments. On a larger scale, membrane curvature is a prime player in growth, division and movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey T McMahon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoshida Y, Kinuta M, Abe T, Liang S, Araki K, Cremona O, Di Paolo G, Moriyama Y, Yasuda T, De Camilli P, Takei K. The stimulatory action of amphiphysin on dynamin function is dependent on lipid bilayer curvature. EMBO J 2004; 23:3483-91. [PMID: 15318165 PMCID: PMC516627 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin is a major dynamin-binding partner at the synapse; however, its function in fission is unclear. Incubation of large unilamellar liposomes with mice brain cytosol led to massive formation of small vesicles, whereas cytosol of amphiphysin 1 knockout mice was much less efficient in this reaction. Vesicle formation from large liposomes by purified dynamin was also strongly enhanced by amphiphysin. In the presence of liposomes, amphiphysin strongly affected dynamin GTPase activity and the recruitment of dynamin to the liposomes, but this activity was highly dependent on liposome size. Deletion from amphiphysin of its central proline-rich stretch dramatically potentiated its effect on dynamin, possibly by relieving an inhibitory intramolecular interaction. These results suggest a model in which maturation of endocytic pits correlates with the oligomerization of dynamin with either amphiphysin or other proteins with similar domain structure. Formation of these complexes is coupled to the activation of dynamin GTPase activity, thus explaining how deep invagination of the pit leads to fission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yoshida
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinuta
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Araki
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- DIBIT-Scientific Institute San Raffaele Universita' Vita – Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Yasuda
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Norris V, Woldringh C, Mileykovskaya E. A hypothesis to explain division site selection in Escherichia coli by combining nucleoid occlusion and Min. FEBS Lett 2004; 561:3-10. [PMID: 15013745 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The positioning of the site of cell division in Escherichia coli results, it is generally believed, from the operation of nucleoid occlusion in combination with the Min system. Nucleoid occlusion prevents division over the nucleoids and directs it by default to the mid-cell region between segregating nucleoids or to polar regions while the Min system prevents division in polar regions. Unresolved questions include how these systems interact to control the earliest known event in division, the assembly at the membrane of the tubulin-like protein, FtsZ, and, more importantly, what exactly constitutes a division site. Evidence exists that (1) the coupled transcription, translation and insertion of proteins into membrane (transertion), can structure the cytoplasmic membrane into phospholipid domains, (2) the MinD protein can convert vesicles into tubes and (3) a variety of membranous structures can be observed at mid-cell. These data support a model in which transertion from the segregating daughter chromosomes leads to the formation of a distinct proteolipid domain between them at mid-cell; the composition of this domain allows phospholipid tubes to extend like fingers into the cytoplasm; these tubes then become the substrate for the dynamic assembly and disassembly of FtsZ which converts them into the invaginating fold responsible for division; the Min system inhibits division at unwanted sites and times by removing these tubes especially at the cell poles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vic Norris
- Assemblages Moléculaires: Modélisation et Imagerie SIMS, FRE CNRS 2829, Faculté des Sciences and Techniques, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Itoh T, Takenawa T. Regulation of Endocytosis by Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate and ENTH Proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2004; 282:31-47. [PMID: 14594213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18805-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis starts by a recruitment of endocytic proteins to the plasma membrane to induce invagination of lipid bilayer and subsequent vesicule formation. The recruitment of these components requires PtdIns(4,5)P2, a phosphoinositide on the plasma membrane. Although it is well known that the synthesis as well as the disruption of this lipid is important, recent studies have revealed the indispensable roles of direct interaction between PtdIns(4,5)P2 and the endocytic machinery. The ENTH domain is a newly found PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding unit conserved among endocytic proteins like epsins, AP180, and the Hip1/Sla2 family. This review focuses on the essential roles of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and its specific binding partner, the ENTH domain, in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tomizawa K, Sunada S, Lu YF, Oda Y, Kinuta M, Ohshima T, Saito T, Wei FY, Matsushita M, Li ST, Tsutsui K, Hisanaga SI, Mikoshiba K, Takei K, Matsui H. Cophosphorylation of amphiphysin I and dynamin I by Cdk5 regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. J Cell Biol 2003; 163:813-24. [PMID: 14623869 PMCID: PMC2173686 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200308110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been thought that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of many endocytic proteins, including amphiphysin I and dynamin I. Here, we show that Cdk5/p35-dependent cophosphorylation of amphiphysin I and dynamin I plays a critical role in such processes. Cdk5 inhibitors enhanced the electric stimulation-induced endocytosis in hippocampal neurons, and the endocytosis was also enhanced in the neurons of p35-deficient mice. Cdk5 phosphorylated the proline-rich domain of both amphiphysin I and dynamin I in vitro and in vivo. Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of amphiphysin I inhibited the association with beta-adaptin. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of dynamin I blocked its binding to amphiphysin I. The phosphorylation of each protein reduced the copolymerization into a ring formation in a cell-free system. Moreover, the phosphorylation of both proteins completely disrupted the copolymerization into a ring formation. Finally, phosphorylation of both proteins was undetectable in p35-deficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krauss M, Kinuta M, Wenk MR, De Camilli P, Takei K, Haucke V. ARF6 stimulates clathrin/AP-2 recruitment to synaptic membranes by activating phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Igamma. J Cell Biol 2003; 162:113-24. [PMID: 12847086 PMCID: PMC2172713 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200301006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes involves the recruitment of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complexes to the presynaptic plasma membrane. Phosphoinositides have been implicated in nucleating coat assembly by directly binding to several endocytotic proteins including AP-2 and AP180. Here, we show that the stimulatory effect of ATP and GTPgammaS on clathrin coat recruitment is mediated at least in part by increased levels of PIP2. We also provide evidence for a role of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) via direct stimulation of a synaptically enriched phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type Igamma (PIPKIgamma), in this effect. These data suggest a model according to which activation of PIPKIgamma by ARF6-GTP facilitates clathrin-coated pit assembly at the synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Krauss
- Department of Biochemistry II, Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Masahiro Kinuta
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Volker Haucke
- Department of Biochemistry II, Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rusk N, Le PU, Mariggio S, Guay G, Lurisci C, Nabi IR, Corda D, Symons M. Synaptojanin 2 functions at an early step of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Curr Biol 2003; 13:659-63. [PMID: 12699622 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Synaptojanin 2 is a ubiquitously expressed polyphosphoinositide phosphatase that displays a high degree of homology in its catalytic domains with synaptojanin 1 [1,2]. Neurons of synaptojanin 1-deficient mice display an increase in clathrin-coated vesicles and delayed reentry of recycling vesicles into the fusion-competent vesicle pool, but no defects in early steps of endocytosis [3,4]. Here we show that inhibition of synaptojanin 2 expression via small interfering (si) RNA causes a strong defect in clathrin-mediated receptor internalization in a lung carcinoma cell line. This inhibitory phenotype is rescued by overexpression of wild-type synaptojanin 2, but not of wild-type synaptojanin 1 or mutant synaptojanin 2 that is deficient in 5'-phosphatase activity. In addition, electron-microscopic analysis shows that synaptojanin 2 depletion causes a decrease in clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. These results suggest a role for synaptojanin 2 in clathrin-coated pit formation and imply that lipid hydrolysis is required at an early stage of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Taken together, our results also indicate that synaptojanin 2 is functionally distinct from synaptojanin 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rusk
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, North Shore-LIJ Research Institute, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Markus R Wenk
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Various coated vesicles are implicated in the intracellular transport between different compartments. In vitro reconstitution is a powerful experimental system to study molecular mechanisms involved in assembly of coat proteins from cytosol onto membranes as well as formation of coated vesicles. Liposomes have been recently utilized in the cell-free systems. In this review, we summarize studies on reconstitutions of coated vesicles or coated structures on liposomes. A novel method using dynamic light scattering (DLS) to quantify vesicle formation from liposomes also is described. Our recent study on the role of phospholipids in vesicle formation, where the DSL assay is used in combination with lipid analysis, also is introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kinuta
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|