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Englisch AS, Hofbrucker-MacKenzie SA, Izadi-Seitz M, Kessels MM, Qualmann B. Ankrd26 is a retinoic acid-responsive plasma membrane-binding and -shaping protein critical for proper cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113939. [PMID: 38493476 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphogens are important triggers for differentiation processes. Yet, downstream effectors that organize cell shape changes in response to morphogenic cues, such as retinoic acid, largely remain elusive. Additionally, derailed plasma membrane-derived signaling often is associated with cancer. We identify Ankrd26 as a critical player in cellular differentiation and as plasma membrane-localized protein able to self-associate and form clusters at the plasma membrane in response to retinoic acid. We show that Ankrd26 uses an N-terminal amphipathic structure for membrane binding and bending. Importantly, in an acute myeloid leukemia-associated Ankrd26 mutant, this critical structure was absent, and Ankrd26's membrane association and shaping abilities were impaired. In line with this, the mutation rendered Ankrd26 inactive in both gain-of-function and loss-of-function/rescue studies addressing retinoic acid/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced neuroblastoma differentiation. Our results highlight the importance and molecular details of Ankrd26-mediated organizational platforms for cellular differentiation at the plasma membrane and how impairment of these platforms leads to cancer-associated pathomechanisms involving these Ankrd26 properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sofie Englisch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah Ann Hofbrucker-MacKenzie
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maryam Izadi-Seitz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Manfred Kessels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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2
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Gozzellino L, Nannini M, Urbini M, Pizzi C, Leone O, Corti B, Baldovini C, Angeli F, Foà A, Pacini D, Folesani G, Costa A, Palumbo T, Nigro MC, Pasquinelli G, Astolfi A, Pantaleo MA. Genomic Landscape Comparison of Cardiac versus Extra-Cardiac Angiosarcomas. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3290. [PMID: 38137511 PMCID: PMC10741871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas (ASs) are rare malignant vascular entities that can affect several regions in our body, including the heart. Cardiac ASs comprise 25-40% of cardiac sarcomas and can cause death within months of diagnosis. Thus, our aim was to identify potential differences and/or similarities between cardiac and extra-cardiac ASs to enhance targeted therapies and, consequently, patients' prognosis. Whole-transcriptome analysis of three cardiac and eleven extra-cardiac non-cutaneous samples was performed to investigate differential gene expression and mutational events between the two groups. The gene signature of cardiac and extra-cardiac non-cutaneous ASs was also compared to that of cutaneous angiosarcomas (n = 9). H/N/K-RAS and TP53 alterations were more recurrent in extra-cardiac ASs, while POTE-gene family overexpression was peculiar to cardiac ASs. Additionally, in vitro functional analyses showed that POTEH upregulation conferred a growth advantage to recipient cells, partly supporting the cardiac AS aggressive phenotype and patients' scarce survival rate. These features should be considered when investigating alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gozzellino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Ornella Leone
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (O.L.); (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Barbara Corti
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (O.L.); (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Baldovini
- Division of Pathology, Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (O.L.); (B.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Francesco Angeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alberto Foà
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Davide Pacini
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluca Folesani
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Alice Costa
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Teresa Palumbo
- Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Institute on Healthy Planet, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Concetta Nigro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (M.N.); (F.A.); (M.C.N.); (M.A.P.)
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Hernández-Caravaca I, Cabañas A, López-Úbeda R, González-Brusi L, Guillén-Martínez A, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Muñoz-Rodríguez MN, Avilés M, Ruiz García MJ. Analysis of Minor Proteins Present in Breast Milk by Using WGA Lectin. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1084. [PMID: 35884068 PMCID: PMC9318462 DOI: 10.3390/children9071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is a complex and dynamic biological fluid and considered an essential source of nutrition in early life. In its composition, the proteins have a relevant biological activity and are related to the multiple benefits demonstrated when compared with artificial milks derived from cow's milk. Understanding human milk composition provides an important tool for health care providers toward the management of infant feeding and the establishment of breastfeeding. In this work, a new technique was developed to increase the knowledge of human milk, because many of the components remain unknown. To isolate minor proteins present in breast milk by using WGA lectin, breast milk was centrifuged to remove cells and separate the fat phase from the serum phase. The serum obtained was separated into two groups: control (n = 3; whole serum sample from mature milk) and WGA lectin (n = 3; sample processed with WGA lectin to isolate glycosylated proteins). The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). A total of 84 different proteins were identified from all of the samples. In the WGA lectin group, 55 different proteins were isolated, 77% of which had biological functions related to the immune response. Of these proteins, there were eight WGA lectin group exclusives, and two had not previously been described in breast milk (polyubiquitin-B and POTE ankyrin domain family member F). Isolation by WGA lectin is a useful technique to detect minor proteins in breast milk and to identify proteins that could not be observed in whole serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Hernández-Caravaca
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrés Cabañas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Rebeca López-Úbeda
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Leopoldo González-Brusi
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ascensión Guillén-Martínez
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª José Izquierdo-Rico
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª Nieves Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Coordinación Sociosanitaria Dirección General de Planificación, Investigación, Farmacia y Atención al Ciudadano (CARM), 30071 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Avilés
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª Jesús Ruiz García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Gersmann AK, Haller F, Behnert N, Richter A, Stöhr R, Hartmann A, Ströbel P, Bremmer F. Primary pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma of the testis with a novel POTEI::FOSB gene fusion. Histopathology 2022; 81:411-414. [PMID: 35582841 DOI: 10.1111/his.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Gersmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Haller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Behnert
- Department of Pathology, Pathologie Nordhessen, Kassel, Germany
| | - Annika Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Behuria HG, Dash S, Sahu SK. Phospholipid Scramblases: Role in Cancer Progression and Anticancer Therapeutics. Front Genet 2022; 13:875894. [PMID: 35422844 PMCID: PMC9002267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.875894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCRs) that catalyze rapid mixing of plasma membrane lipids result in surface exposure of phosphatidyl serine (PS), a lipid normally residing to the inner plasma membrane leaflet. PS exposure provides a chemotactic eat-me signal for phagocytes resulting in non-inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis. However, metastatic tumor cells escape efferocytosis through alteration of tumor microenvironment and apoptotic signaling. Tumor cells exhibit altered membrane features, high constitutive PS exposure, low drug permeability and increased multidrug resistance through clonal evolution. PLSCRs are transcriptionally up-regulated in tumor cells leading to plasma membrane remodeling and aberrant PS exposure on cell surface. In addition, PLSCRs interact with multiple cellular components to modulate cancer progression and survival. While PLSCRs and PS exposed on tumor cells are novel drug targets, many exogenous molecules that catalyze lipid scrambling on tumor plasma membrane are potent anticancer therapeutic molecules. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of scramblase mediated signaling events, membrane alteration specific to tumor development and possible therapeutic implications of scramblases and PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Gourav Behuria
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
| | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
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6
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Kasahara Y, Osuka S, Takasaki N, Bayasula, Koya Y, Nakanishi N, Murase T, Nakamura T, Goto M, Iwase A, Kajiyama H. Primate-specific POTE-actin gene could play a role in human folliculogenesis by controlling the proliferation of granulosa cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:186. [PMID: 34285194 PMCID: PMC8292509 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) often have a high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. To identify antigenic molecules associated with ovarian autoimmunity, we performed immunoprecipitation (IP) screening using serum from patients with POI and the established human granulosa cell line (HGrC1). POTE ankyrin domain family member E (POTEE) and POTE ankyrin domain family member F (POTEF), proteins specific to primates, were identified as candidate antigens. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with human ovarian tissue, POTEE or POTEF was weakly seen in the granulosa cells (GCs) of primordial follicles and primary follicles, and strongly in large antral follicles and luteal cells. Interestingly, no signals were detected in growing GCs in secondary, preantral, and small antral follicles. Thus, to explore the function of POTEE and POTEF in human folliculogenesis, we established HGrC1 cell lines with drug-inducible expression of POTEF. Expression of POTEF significantly suppressed cell proliferation in HGrC1 cells. Furthermore, chaperonin containing TCP-1 complex (CCT) components, which affect folding proteins required for cell proliferation, was bound to the actin domain of POTEF protein. Although CCT is normally localized only around the Golgi apparatus, TCP-1α, a component of CCT, co-migrated closer to the cell membrane when POTEF expression was induced. These data suggest that the interaction between POTEF and CCT components impairs the usual function of CCT during cell growth. In addition, over-accumulation of POTEF in HGrC1 cells leads to autophagic failure. It was recently reported that knockout of an autophagic gene in mice leads to a phenotype similar to human POI. These results suggested that a proper amount of POTEF is required for the maintenance of GCs in follicle pools, whereas POTEF overaccumulation might be involved in follicle atresia and the development of POI. We also showed the possibility that POTEF could be an antigen involved in ovarian autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Kasahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. .,Department of Maternal and Perinatal Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Takasaki
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Bayasula
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Natsuki Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Marchina E, Forti M, Tonelli M, Maccarini S, Malvestiti F, Piantoni C, Filippini E, Fazzi E, Borsani G. Molecular characterization of a complex small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 18p: an addition to the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:6. [PMID: 33472639 PMCID: PMC7818575 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are a heterogeneous group of structurally abnormal chromosomes, with an incidence of 0,044% in newborns that increases up to almost 7 times in developmentally retarded patients. sSMC from all 24 chromosome have been described, most of them originate from the group of the acrocentric, with around half deriving from the chromosome 15. Non-acrocentric sSMC are less common and, in the 30 percent of the cases, are associated with phenotypic effect. Complex sSMC consist of chromosomal material derived from more than one chromosome. Genotype–phenotype correlations in patients with sSMC are difficult to assess. Clinical features depend on factors such as its size, genetic content, the involvement of imprinted genes which may be influenced by uniparental disomy and the level of mosaicism. Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 18 (18p) is an infrequent finding and does not appear to be associated with a specific syndrome. However, mild intellectual disability with or without other anomalies is reported in almost one-third of the patients. Case presentation Here we present clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of de novo complex sSMC consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18p associated with a centromere of either chromosome 13 or 21, evidenced in a 5-year-old boy during diagnostic workup for moderate intellectual disability and dysmorphisms. To date, only seven cases of isolated trisomy 18p due to a sSMC have been reported, three of which have been characterized by array CGH. In two of them the breakpoints and the size of the duplication have been described. In the manuscript we also reviewed cases reported in the DECIPHER database carrying similar duplication and also considered smaller duplications within the region of interest, in order to evaluate the presence of critical regions implicated in the pathological phenotype. Conclusions Our case provides additional information about phenotypic effects of pure trisomy 18p, confirms chromosomal microarray analysis as gold standard to characterize complex sSMC, and supplies additional elements for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marchina
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michela Forti
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariella Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccarini
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Piantoni
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Filippini
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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8
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Xu Q, Chen J, Peng M, Duan S, Hu Y, Guo D, Geng J, Zhou J. POTEE promotes colorectal carcinoma progression via activating the Rac1/Cdc42 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111933. [PMID: 32142855 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have shown that POTE ankyrin domain family members have high expressions as tumor antigens in malignant tumors, such as prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and the like. POTEE is a member of the POTE anchor protein family E. However, its role in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has not been studied. In this study, the function of POTEE in CRC was examined for the first time and its correlation with CRC cell biological behaviors was analyzed. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry revealed that POTEE was remarkably overexpressed in CRC and associated with an aggressive phenotype. We also found that POTEE was localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, downregulation of POTEE expression can notably inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cell in vitro, and repressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In contrast, overexpression of POTEE could promote the aggressive behaviors of CRC cells. Mechanistically, POTEE promoted CRC migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. To summarize, these results suggested that POTEE might serve as an oncogene for CRC tumorigenesis and progression, and may become a novel molecular marker for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Man Peng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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9
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Evolutionary Dynamics of the POTE Gene Family in Human and Nonhuman Primates. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020213. [PMID: 32085667 PMCID: PMC7073761 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
POTE (prostate, ovary, testis, and placenta expressed) genes belong to a primate-specific gene family expressed in prostate, ovary, and testis as well as in several cancers including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Due to their tumor-specific expression, POTEs are potential oncogenes, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for these malignancies. This gene family maps within human and primate segmental duplications with a copy number ranging from two to 14 in different species. Due to the high sequence identity among the gene copies, specific efforts are needed to assemble these loci in order to correctly define the organization and evolution of the gene family. Using single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing, in silico analyses, and molecular cytogenetics, we characterized the structure, copy number, and chromosomal distribution of the POTE genes, as well as their expression in normal and disease tissues, and provided a comparative analysis of the POTE organization and gene structure in primate genomes. We were able, for the first time, to de novo sequence and assemble a POTE tandem duplication in marmoset that is misassembled and collapsed in the reference genome, thus revealing the presence of a second POTE copy. Taken together, our findings provide comprehensive insights into the evolutionary dynamics of the primate-specific POTE gene family, involving gene duplications, deletions, and long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) transpositions to explain the actual repertoire of these genes in human and primate genomes.
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10
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Shen Z, Feng X, Fang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Zhan Y, Lin M, Li G, Ding Y, Deng H. POTEE drives colorectal cancer development via regulating SPHK1/p65 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 31723122 PMCID: PMC6853991 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression plays critical roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we show that POTEE, which was identified as a member E of POTE ankyrin domain family, was significantly upregulated in colorectal tumors and predicted poor overall survival of CRC patients. In CRC cells, POTEE could act as an oncogene and could promote cell growth, cell-cycle progression, inhibit apoptosis, and elevates xenograft tumor growth. Mechanically, we used microarray analysis and identified a POTEE/SPHK1/p65 signaling axis, which affected the biological functions of CRC cells. Further evaluation showed that overexpression of POTEE could increase the protein expression of SPHK1, followed by promoting the phosphorylation and activation of p65 protein. Altogether, our findings suggested a POTEE/SPHK1/p65 signaling axis could promote colorectal tumorigenesis and POTEE might potentially serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and an intervention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaochuang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenkang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yizhi Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingdao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Zeng J, Huang W, Huang M, Wang Z. The first report showing de novo partial 21q monosomy in an adult woman with occult primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:e230-e233. [PMID: 30710477 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wujian Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Huang
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, 156 Xi'erhuanbei Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350025, P.R. China, Phone/Fax: +8659183721105
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Snezhkina AV, Lukyanova EN, Fedorova MS, Kalinin DV, Melnikova NV, Stepanov OA, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Pudova EA, Kudryavtseva AV. Novel Genes Associated with the Development of Carotid Paragangliomas. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Chen M, Mithraprabhu S, Ramachandran M, Choi K, Khong T, Spencer A. Utility of Circulating Cell-Free RNA Analysis for the Characterization of Global Transcriptome Profiles of Multiple Myeloma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060887. [PMID: 31242667 PMCID: PMC6628062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the utility of extracellular RNA (exRNA) derived from the plasma of multiple myeloma (MM) patients for whole transcriptome characterization. exRNA from 10 healthy controls (HC), five newly diagnosed (NDMM), and 12 relapsed and refractory (RRMM) MM patients were analyzed and compared. We showed that ~45% of the exRNA genes were protein-coding genes and ~85% of the identified genes were covered >70%. Compared to HC, we identified 632 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MM patients, of which 26 were common to NDMM and RRMM. We further identified 54 and 191 genes specific to NDMM and RRMM, respectively, and these included potential biomarkers such as LINC00863, MIR6754, CHRNE, ITPKA, and RGS18 in NDMM, and LINC00462, PPBP, RPL5, IER3, and MIR425 in RRMM, that were subsequently validated using droplet digital PCR. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms and small indels were identified in the exRNA, including mucin family genes that demonstrated different rates of mutations between NDMM and RRMM. This is the first whole transcriptome study of exRNA in hematological malignancy and has provided the basis for the utilization of exRNA to enhance our understanding of the MM biology and to identify potential biomarkers relevant to the diagnosis and prognosis of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshan Chen
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Sridurga Mithraprabhu
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Malarmathy Ramachandran
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Kawa Choi
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Khong
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
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von Holst S, Jiao X, Liu W, Kontham V, Thutkawkorapin J, Ringdahl J, Bryant P, Lindblom A. Linkage analysis revealed risk loci on 6p21 and 18p11.2-q11.2 in familial colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1286-1295. [PMID: 30952955 PMCID: PMC6777498 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cancer types in the western world including Sweden. However, known genetic risk factors could only explain a limited part of heritability of the disease. Moreover, colon and rectal cancers are habitually discussed as one entity, colorectal cancer, although different carcinogenesis has been recognized. A genome-wide linkage scan in 32 colon- and 56 rectal cancer families from Sweden was performed based on 475 non-FAP/HNPCC patients genotyped using SNP arrays. A maximum HLOD of 2.50 at locus 6p21.1-p12.1 and a HLOD of 2.56 at 18p11.2 was obtained for colon and rectal cancer families, respectively. Exome sequencing over the regions of interest in 12 patients from six families identified 22 and 25 candidate risk variants for colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Haplotype association analysis in the two regions was carried out between additional 477 familial CRC cases and 4780 controls and suggested candidate haplotypes possibly associated with CRC risk. This study suggested two new linkage regions for colon cancer and rectal cancer with candidate predisposing variants. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these regions and to pinpoint the causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna von Holst
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiang Jiao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinaykumar Kontham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessada Thutkawkorapin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Ringdahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Bryant
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sharma A, Albahrani M, Zhang W, Kufel CN, James SR, Odunsi K, Klinkebiel D, Karpf AR. Epigenetic activation of POTE genes in ovarian cancer. Epigenetics 2019; 14:185-197. [PMID: 30764732 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1581590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The POTE gene family consists of 14 homologous genes localized to autosomal pericentromeres, and a sub-set of POTEs are cancer-testis antigen (CTA) genes. POTEs are over-expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), including the high-grade serous subtype (HGSC), and expression of individual POTEs correlates with chemoresistance and reduced survival in HGSC. The mechanisms driving POTE overexpression in EOC and other cancers is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of epigenetics in regulating POTE expression, with a focus on DNA hypomethylation. Consistent with their pericentromeric localization, Pan-POTE expression in EOC correlated with expression of the pericentromeric repeat NBL2, which was not the case for non-pericentromeric CTAs. POTE genomic regions contain LINE-1 (L1) sequences, and Pan-POTE expression correlated with both global and POTE-specific L1 hypomethylation in EOC. Analysis of individual POTEs using RNA-seq and DNA methylome data from fallopian tube epithelia (FTE) and HGSC revealed that POTEs C, E, and F have increased expression in HGSC in conjunction with DNA hypomethylation at 5' promoter or enhancer regions. Moreover, POTEs C/E/F showed additional increased expression in recurrent HGSC in conjunction with 5' hypomethylation, using patient-matched samples. Experiments using decitabine treatment and DNMT knockout cell lines verified a functional contribution of DNA methylation to POTE repression, and epigenetic drug combinations targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone methyltransferases (HMTs) in combination with decitabine further increased POTE expression. In summary, several alterations of the cancer epigenome, including pericentromeric activation, global and locus-specific L1 hypomethylation, and locus-specific 5' CpG hypomethylation, converge to promote POTE expression in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sharma
- a Eppley Institute , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mustafa Albahrani
- a Eppley Institute , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Wa Zhang
- a Eppley Institute , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Christina N Kufel
- c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Smitha R James
- c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- d Department of Immunology , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo , NY , USA.,e Department of Gynecologic Oncology , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo , NY , USA.,f Center for Immunotherapy , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - David Klinkebiel
- b Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,g Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- a Eppley Institute , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo , NY , USA
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16
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Barger CJ, Zhang W, Sharma A, Chee L, James SR, Kufel CN, Miller A, Meza J, Drapkin R, Odunsi K, Klinkebiel D, Karpf AR. Expression of the POTE gene family in human ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17136. [PMID: 30459449 PMCID: PMC6244393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The POTE family includes 14 genes in three phylogenetic groups. We determined POTE mRNA expression in normal tissues, epithelial ovarian and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (EOC, HGSC), and pan-cancer, and determined the relationship of POTE expression to ovarian cancer clinicopathology. Groups 1 & 2 POTEs showed testis-specific expression in normal tissues, consistent with assignment as cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), while Group 3 POTEs were expressed in several normal tissues, indicating they are not CTAs. Pan-POTE and individual POTEs showed significantly elevated expression in EOC and HGSC compared to normal controls. Pan-POTE correlated with increased stage, grade, and the HGSC subtype. Select individual POTEs showed increased expression in recurrent HGSC, and POTEE specifically associated with reduced HGSC OS. Consistent with tumors, EOC cell lines had significantly elevated Pan-POTE compared to OSE and FTE cells. Notably, Group 1 & 2 POTEs (POTEs A/B/B2/C/D), Group 3 POTE-actin genes (POTEs E/F/I/J/KP), and other Group 3 POTEs (POTEs G/H/M) show within-group correlated expression, and pan-cancer analyses of tumors and cell lines confirmed this relationship. Based on their restricted expression in normal tissues and increased expression and association with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer, POTEs are potential oncogenes and therapeutic targets in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Wa Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Linda Chee
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Smitha R James
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Christina N Kufel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4375, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - David Klinkebiel
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Identification of MΦ specific POTEE expression: Its role in mTORC2 activation via protein-protein interaction in TAMs. Cell Immunol 2018; 335:30-40. [PMID: 30420269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
POTE is known as cancer antigen, expressed in many cancers, along with very few normal tissues like prostate, ovary, testes and embryo. Till date, POTEE identified as majorly expressed POTE paralog. Functionally, POTEF regulates TLR signaling which play important role in innate immunity provided clue about expression of POTE in immune cells. We have chosen three Thp1monocytes, Jurkat T1 and MΦ cells as a model. Here, first time we report expression of POTEE in immune cells specifically only in MΦ but not in monocytes or T-cells. In addition, expression level remains unaltered in MΦ subtypes M1 and M2 and MΦ subjected to various stresses, except MΦs treated with Hyp-CM where MΦs acquires properties of TAMs. In TAMs, POTEE was involved differential protein-protein interaction with mTOR, RICTOR, and Rad51 indicating its biological role in cell invasion through mTORC2 activation. siRNA mediated knockdown of POTEE suggests its importance in cell survival of MΦs as well as TAMs.
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Vekariya U, Saxena R, Singh P, Rawat K, Kumar B, Kumari S, Agnihotri SK, Kaur S, Sachan R, Nazir A, Bhadauria S, Sachdev M, Tripathi RK. HIV-1 Nef-POTEE; A novel interaction modulates macrophage dissemination via mTORC2 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 214:158-166. [PMID: 30391463 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human immunodeficiency virus -1 [HIV-1] Nef, localizes in different cellular compartments and modulates several cellular pathways. Nef promotes virus pathogenicity through alteration in cell surface receptor expression, apoptosis, protein trafficking etc. Nef regulates viral pathogenesis through interaction with different host proteins. Thus, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis could be deciphered by identifying novel Nef interacting proteins. MAIN METHODS HIV-1 Nef interacting proteins were identified by pull down assay and MALDI-TOF analysis. The interaction was further validated through mammalian two hybrid assay. Functional role of this interaction was identified by immunoprecipitation assay, cell invasion and cell migration studies. Fold Change in mRNA levels of CD163, CD206, CCL17 and CCL18 was analyzed using qPCR. KEY FINDINGS In current study, C. elegans protein ACT4C and its human homolog POTEE was identified to be interacting with Nef. This interaction activates mTORC2 complex, which in-turn activates AKT and PKC-α. The activation of mTORC2 complex was found to be initiated by the interaction of Nef, mTORC2, Rictor to POTEE. The cellular phenotype and functions affected by Nef-POTEE interaction resulted in significant increase in cell invasion and migration of macrophages (MΦ). SIGNIFICANCE MΦ is primary target of HIV-1 infection where HIV-1 replicates and polarizes immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. Combine effect of M2 phenotype and Viral-host protein interactions compromise the MΦ associated physiological functions. Infected MΦ dissemination into other system also leads to HIV-1 induced malignancies. Therefore, targeting POTEE-Nef interaction can lead to formulating better therapeutic strategy against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeshkumar Vekariya
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Reshu Saxena
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Sushila Kumari
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | | | - Supinder Kaur
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rekha Sachan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Smrati Bhadauria
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Monika Sachdev
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Raj Kamal Tripathi
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India.
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Faramarzi S, Ghafouri-Fard S. Expression analysis of cancer-testis genes in prostate cancer reveals candidates for immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2018; 9:1019-1034. [PMID: 28971747 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent disorder among men with a heterogeneous etiological background. Several molecular events and signaling perturbations have been found in this disorder. Among genes whose expressions have been altered during the prostate cancer development are cancer-testis antigens (CTAs). This group of antigens has limited expression in the normal adult tissues but aberrant expression in cancers. This property provides them the possibility to be used as cancer biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. Several CTAs have been shown to be immunogenic in prostate cancer patients and some of the have entered clinical trials. Based on the preliminary data obtained from these trials, it is expected that CTA-based therapeutic options are beneficial for at least a subset of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Faramarzi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Wang L, Li M, Zhan Y, Ban X, Zeng T, Zhu Y, Yun J, Guan XY, Li Y. Down-regulation of POTEG predicts poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:886-895. [PMID: 29566278 PMCID: PMC6001627 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
POTE ankyrin domain family, member G (poteg) belongs to POTE family. The POTE family is composed of many proteins which are very closely related and expressed in prostate, ovary, testis, and placenta. Some POTE paralogs are related with some cancers. Here we showed that down‐regulation of POTEG was detected in about 60% primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor tissues. Clinical association studies determined that POTEG down‐regulation was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, lymph nodes metastasis and TNM staging. Kaplan‐Meier analysis determined that POTEG down‐regulation was associated with poorer clinical outcomes of ESCC patients (P = 0.026). Functional studies showed that POTEG overexpression could suppress tumor cell growth and metastasis capacity in vitro and in vivo. Molecular analyses revealed that POTEG downregulated CDKs, leading to subsequent inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, and consequently arrested Cell Cycle at G1/S Checkpoint. POTEG overexpression induced apoptosis by activating caspases and PARP, and regulating canonical mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. On the other side, POTEG inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and suppressed tumor cell metastasis. In conclusion, our study reveals a functionally important control mechanism of POTEG in esophageal cancer pathogenesis, suggesting potential use in the ESCC intervention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Cross resistance to diverse anticancer nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors induced by FK866 treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16451-16461. [PMID: 29662658 PMCID: PMC5893253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-resistance to drugs remains an unsolved problem in cancer chemotherapy. This study elucidates a molecular mechanism of cross-resistance to diverse inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with anticancer activity. We generated a variant of the human colon cancer cell line HCT116, HCT116RFK866, which exhibited primary resistance to the potent NAMPT inhibitor FK866, and was approximately 1,000-fold less sensitive to the drug than the parental HCT116. HCT116RFK866 was found to be cross-resistant to diverse NAMPT inhibitors, including CHS-828, GNE-617, and STF-118804. Whole-exon sequencing revealed two point mutations (H191R and K342R) in NAMPT in HCT116RFK866, only one of which (K342R) was present in the parental HCT116. Importantly, the protein level, NAMPT enzyme activity, and intracellular NAD+ level were similar between HCT116RFK866 and HCT116. Hence, we investigated NAMPT-binding partners in both cell lines by focused proteomic analyses. The amount of NAMPT precipitated with anti-NAMPT monoclonal antibody was much higher in HCT116RFK866 than in the parental. Furthermore, in HCT116, but not in HCT116RFK866, NAMPT was revealed to interact with POTE ankyrin domain family member E and beta-actin. Thus, these results suggest that NAMPT usually interacts with the two partner proteins, and the H191R mutation may prevent the interactions, resulting in resistance to diverse NAMPT inhibitors.
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Proteomic differences in amyloid plaques in rapidly progressive and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:933-954. [PMID: 28258398 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease (rpAD) is a particularly aggressive form of Alzheimer's disease, with a median survival time of 7-10 months after diagnosis. Why these patients have such a rapid progression of Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown. To further understand pathological differences between rpAD and typical sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) we used localized proteomics to analyze the protein differences in amyloid plaques in rpAD and sAD. Label-free quantitative LC-MS/MS was performed on amyloid plaques microdissected from rpAD and sAD patients (n = 22 for each patient group) and protein expression differences were quantified. On average, 913 ± 30 (mean ± SEM) proteins were quantified in plaques from each patient and 279 of these proteins were consistently found in plaques from every patient. We found significant differences in protein composition between rpAD and sAD plaques. We found that rpAD plaques contained significantly higher levels of neuronal proteins (p = 0.0017) and significantly lower levels of astrocytic proteins (p = 1.08 × 10-6). Unexpectedly, cumulative protein differences in rpAD plaques did not suggest accelerated typical sAD. Plaques from patients with rpAD were particularly abundant in synaptic proteins, especially those involved in synaptic vesicle release, highlighting the potential importance of synaptic dysfunction in the accelerated development of plaque pathology in rpAD. Combined, our data provide new direct evidence that amyloid plaques do not all have the same protein composition and that the proteomic differences in plaques could provide important insight into the factors that contribute to plaque development. The cumulative protein differences in rpAD plaques suggest rpAD may be a novel subtype of Alzheimer's disease.
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Misawa A, Takayama KI, Fujimura T, Homma Y, Suzuki Y, Inoue S. Androgen-induced lncRNA POTEF-AS1 regulates apoptosis-related pathway to facilitate cell survival in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:373-379. [PMID: 28032932 PMCID: PMC5378265 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with a variety of cancers, the interplay between lncRNAs and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer is still unclear. We identified an androgen‐dependent lncRNA, POTEF‐AS1, whose expression was regulated by androgen receptor in two androgen‐dependent cells by using directional RNA sequencing analysis. POTEF‐AS1 promoted cell growth, repressed genes related to the Toll‐like receptor signaling and apoptosis pathways, and inhibited apoptosis in docetaxel‐treated LNCaP cells. These findings suggest that POTEF‐AS1 would play a key role in the progression of prostate cancer by repressing Toll‐like receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Misawa
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takayama
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
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Chen CP, Wang KG, Huang HK, Peng CR, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Lee CC, Wang W. Detection of mosaic 15q11.1-q11.2 deletion encompassing NBEAP1 and POTEB in a fetus with diffuse lymphangiomatosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:230-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Human Ribosomal Proteins RPeL27, RPeL43, and RPeL41 Are Upregulated in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:5179594. [PMID: 28018022 PMCID: PMC5149637 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5179594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apart from their canonical role in ribosome biogenesis, there is increasing evidence of ribosomal protein genes' involvement in various cancers. A previous study by us revealed significant differential expression of three ribosomal protein genes (RPeL27, RPeL41, and RPeL43) between cell lines derived from tumor and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium. However, the results therein were based on a semiquantitative assay, thus preliminary in nature. Herein, we provide findings of a deeper analysis of these three genes in the context to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis. Their expression patterns were analyzed in a more quantitative manner at transcript level. Their protein expression levels were also investigated. We showed results that are contrary to previous report. Rather than downregulation, these genes were significantly overexpressed in NPC cell lines compared to normal control at both transcript and protein levels. Nevertheless, their association with NPC has been established. Immunoprecipitation pulldown assays indicate the plausible interaction of either RPeL27 or RPeL43 with POTEE/TUBA1A and ACTB/ACTBL2 complexes. In addition, RPeL43 is shown to bind with MRAS and EIF2S1 proteins in a NPC cell line (HK1). Our findings support RPeL27, RPeL41, and RPeL43 as potential markers of NPC and provide insights into the interaction targets of RPeL27 and RPeL43 proteins.
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Mouse models of Down syndrome: gene content and consequences. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:538-555. [PMID: 27538963 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is challenging to model in mice. Not only is it a contiguous gene syndrome spanning 35 Mb of the long arm of Hsa21, but orthologs of Hsa21 genes map to segments of three mouse chromosomes, Mmu16, Mmu17, and Mmu10. The Ts65Dn was the first viable segmental trisomy mouse model for DS; it is a partial trisomy currently popular in preclinical evaluations of drugs for cognition in DS. Limitations of the Ts65Dn are as follows: (i) it is trisomic for 125 human protein-coding orthologs, but only 90 of these are Hsa21 orthologs and (ii) it lacks trisomy for ~75 Hsa21 orthologs. In recent years, several additional mouse models of DS have been generated, each trisomic for a different subset of Hsa21 genes or their orthologs. To best exploit these models and interpret the results obtained with them, prior to proposing clinical trials, an understanding of their trisomic gene content, relative to full trisomy 21, is necessary. Here we first review the functional information on Hsa21 protein-coding genes and the more recent annotation of a large number of functional RNA genes. We then discuss the conservation and genomic distribution of Hsa21 orthologs in the mouse genome and the distribution of mouse-specific genes. Lastly, we consider the strengths and weaknesses of mouse models of DS based on the number and nature of the Hsa21 orthologs that are, and are not, trisomic in each, and discuss their validity for use in preclinical evaluations of drug responses.
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Increased alpha-defensin expression is associated with risk of coronary heart disease: a feasible predictive inflammatory biomarker of coronary heart disease in hyperlipidemia patients. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:117. [PMID: 27430968 PMCID: PMC4949746 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder of the heart vessels that develops over decades, coupling inflammatory mechanisms and elevated total cholesterol levels under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Without effective intervention, atherosclerosis consequently causes coronary heart disease (CHD), which leads to increased risk of sudden death. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils play a pivotal role in inflammation and atherogenesis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) or alpha (α)-defensins are cysteine-rich cation polypeptides that are produced and released from activated polymorphonuclear neutrophil granules during septic inflammation and acute coronary vascular disorders. HNPs cause endothelial cell dysfunction during early atherogenesis. In this cross-sectional study, control, hyperlipidemia and CHD groups were representative as atherosclerosis development and CHD complications. We aimed to assess the correlation between α-defensin expression and the development of CHD, and whether it was a useful predictive indicator for CHD risk. Methods First, DNA microarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Thai control, hyperlipidemia and CHD male patients (n = 7). Gene expression profiling revealed eight up-regulated genes common between hyperlipidemia and CHD patients, but not controls. We sought to verify and compare α-defensin expression among the groups using: 1) real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine α-defensin mRNA expression (n = 10), and 2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine plasma HNP 1–3 levels (n = 17). Statistically significant differences and correlations between groups were determined by the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Rho-Spearman correlation, respectively. Results We found that α-defensin mRNA expression increased (mean 2-fold change) in the hyperlipidemia (p = 0.043) and CHD patients (p = 0.05) compared with the controls. CHD development moderately correlated with α-defensin mRNA expression (r = 0.429, p = 0.023) and with plasma HNP 1–3 levels (r = 0.486, p = 0.000). Conclusions Increased α-defensin expression is a potential inflammatory marker that may predict the risk of CHD development in Thai hyperlipidemia patients.
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Soga T, Lim WL, Khoo ASB, Parhar IS. Kisspeptin Activates Ankrd 26 Gene Expression in Migrating Embryonic GnRH Neurons. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:15. [PMID: 26973595 PMCID: PMC4771921 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin, a newly discovered neuropeptide, regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Kisspeptins are a large RF-amide family of peptides. The kisspeptin coded by KiSS-1 gene is a 145-amino acid protein that is cleaved to C-terminal peptide kisspeptin-10. G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) has been identified as a kisspeptin receptor, and it is expressed in GnRH neurons and in a variety of cancer cells. In this study, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) labeled GnRH cells with migratory properties, which express GPR54, served as a model to study the effects of kisspeptin on cell migration. We monitored EGFP-GnRH neuronal migration in brain slide culture of embryonic day 14 transgenic rat by live cell imaging system and studied the effects of kisspeptin-10 (1 nM) treatment for 36 h on GnRH migration. Furthermore, to determine kisspeptin-induced molecular pathways related with apoptosis and cytoskeletal changes during neuronal migration, we studied the expression levels of candidate genes in laser-captured EGFP-GnRH neurons by real-time PCR. We found that there was no change in the expression level of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein (ankrd) 26 in EGFP-GnRH neurons was upregulated by the exposure to kisspeptin. These studies suggest that ankrd 26 gene plays an unidentified role in regulating neuronal movement mediated by kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling, which could be a potential pathway to suppress cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ishwar S. Parhar,
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Suri A, Jagadish N, Saini S, Gupta N. Targeting cancer testis antigens for biomarkers and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Current status and challenges. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:492-502. [PMID: 26691579 PMCID: PMC4678396 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i12.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer ranks third among the estimated cancer cases and cancer related mortalities in United States in 2014. Early detection and efficient therapy remains a significant clinical challenge for this disease. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel tumor associated molecules to target for biomarker development and immunotherapy. In this regard, cancer testis antigens have emerged as a potential targets for developing novel clinical biomarkers and immunotherapy for various malignancies. These germ cell specific proteins exhibit aberrant expression in cancer cells and contribute in tumorigenesis. Owing to their unique expression profile and immunogenicity in cancer patients, cancer testis antigens are clinically referred as the most promising tumor associated antigens. Several cancer testis antigens have been studied in colorectal cancer but none of them could be used in clinical practice. This review is an attempt to address the promising cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer and their possible clinical implications as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets with particular focus on challenges and future interventions.
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Bagheri H, Mercier E, Qiao Y, Stephenson MD, Rajcan-Separovic E. Genomic characteristics of miscarriage copy number variants. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:655-61. [PMID: 26071097 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of copy number variants (CNVs) in miscarriages are rare in comparison to post-natal cases with developmental abnormalities. The overall characteristics of miscarriage CNVs (size, gene content and function) are therefore largely unexplored. Our goal was to assess and compare the characteristics of CNVs identified in 101 euploid miscarriages from four high-resolution array studies that documented both common miscarriage CNVs (i.e. CNVs found in controls from the Database of Genomic Variants, DGV) and rare miscarriage CNVs (not reported in DGV). Our miscarriage analysis included 24 rare CNVs with 93 genes, and 372 common CNVs (merged into 119 common CNV regions; CNVRs) with 354 genes. The rare and common CNVs were comparable in size (median size of ∼ 0.16 and 0.14 Mb, respectively); however, rare CNVs showed a significantly higher gene density, with 56 genes/Mb in rare and 24 genes/Mb in common CNVs (P = 0.03). Rare CNVs also had two times more genes with mouse knock-out models which were reported for 42% of rare and 19% of common CNV genes. No specific pathway enrichment was noted for 24 rare CNV genes, but common CNV genes showed significant enrichment in genes from immune-response related pathways and pregnancy/reproduction-related biological processes. Our analysis of CNVs from euploid miscarriages suggests that both rare and common CNVs could have a role in miscarriage by impacting pregnancy-related genes or pathways. Cataloguing of all CNVs and detailed description of their characteristics (e.g. gene content, genomic breakpoints) is desirable in the future for better understanding of their relevance to pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Bagheri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | | | - Ying Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mary D Stephenson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Wang Q, Li X, Ren S, Cheng N, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Li J, Cai W, Zhao C, Cao W, Zhou C. Serum levels of the cancer-testis antigen POTEE and its clinical significance in non-small-cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122792. [PMID: 25860145 PMCID: PMC4393100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background POTEE (POTE ankyrin domain family, member E) is a newly identified cancer-testis antigen that has been found to be expressed in a wide variety of human cancers including cancers of the colon, prostate, lung, breast, ovary, and pancreas. Aim To measure the serum levels of POTEE in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the clinical significance of POTEE in NSCLC. Patients and Methods 104 NSCLC patients, 66 benign lung disease patients and 80 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study from May 2013 to February 2014. Serum POTEE levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Numerical variables were recorded as means ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by independent t tests. Categorical variables were calculated as rates and were analyzed using a χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Survival curves were estimated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. Results Serum POTEE levels were significantly higher in NSCLC patients than in benign lung disease patients and healthy controls (mean ± SD [pg/ml], 324.38± 13.84 vs. 156.93 ± 17.38 and 139.09 ± 15.80, P<0.001) and were significantly correlated with TNM stage. Survival analysis revealed that patients with low serum POTEE had longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with high serum POTEE (P=0.021). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that POTEE was an independent prognostic factor of progression-free survival (P =0.009, hazard ratio, 2.440). Conclusions Serum POTEE level in NSCLC patients is associated with TNM stage and is a potential prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Cheng
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingchuan Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yishi Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wa Cao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Liu J, Zheng X, Zhang Y. Network analysis of ChIP-Seq data reveals key genes in prostate cancer. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:47. [PMID: 25183411 PMCID: PMC4171560 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men in the United States, and it imposes a considerable threat to human health. A deep understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms is the premise for developing effective targeted therapies. Recently, deep transcriptional sequencing has been used as an effective genomic assay to obtain insights into diseases and may be helpful in the study of PC. Methods In present study, ChIP-Seq data for PC and normal samples were compared, and differential peaks identified, based upon fold changes (with P-values calculated with t-tests). Annotations of these peaks were performed. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed with BioGRID and constructed with Cytoscape, following which the highly connected genes were screened. Results We obtained a total of 5,570 differential peaks, including 3,726 differentially enriched peaks in tumor samples and 1,844 differentially enriched peaks in normal samples. There were eight significant regions of the peaks. The intergenic region possessed the highest score (51%), followed by intronic (31%) and exonic (11%) regions. The analysis revealed the top 35 highly connected genes, which comprised 33 differential genes (such as YWHAQ, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein and θ polypeptide) from ChIP-Seq data and 2 differential genes retrieved from the PPI network: UBA52 (ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1) and SUMO2 (SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2) . Conclusions Our findings regarding potential PC-related genes increase the understanding of PC and provides direction for future research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40001-014-0047-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Du X, Servin B, Womack JE, Cao J, Yu M, Dong Y, Wang W, Zhao S. An update of the goat genome assembly using dense radiation hybrid maps allows detailed analysis of evolutionary rearrangements in Bovidae. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:625. [PMID: 25052253 PMCID: PMC4141111 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The domestic goat (Capra hircus), an important livestock species, belongs to a clade of Ruminantia, Bovidae, together with cattle, buffalo and sheep. The history of genome evolution and chromosomal rearrangements on a small scale in ruminants remain speculative. Recently completed goat genome sequence was released but is still in a draft stage. The draft sequence used a variety of assembly packages, as well as a radiation hybrid (RH) map of chromosome 1 as part of its validation. Results Using an improved RH mapping pipeline, whole-genome dense maps of 45,953 SNP markers were constructed with statistical confidence measures and the saturated maps provided a fine map resolution of approximate 65 kb. Linking RH maps to the goat sequences showed that the assemblies of scaffolds/super-scaffolds were globally accurate. However, we observed certain flaws linked to the process of anchoring chromosome using conserved synteny with cattle. Chromosome assignments, long-range order, and orientation of the scaffolds were reassessed in an updated genome sequence version. We also present new results exploiting the updated goat genome sequence to understand genomic rearrangements and chromosome evolution between mammals during species radiations. The sequence architecture of rearrangement sites between the goat and cattle genomes presented abundant segmental duplication on regions of goat chromosome 9 and 14, as well as new insertions in homologous cattle genome regions. This complex interplay between duplicated sequences and Robertsonian translocations highlights the rearrangement mechanism of centromeric nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) in mammals. We observed that species-specific shifts in ANKRD26 gene duplication are coincident with breakpoint reuse in divergent lineages and this gene family may play a role in chromosome stabilization in chromosome evolution. Conclusions We generated dense maps of the complete whole goat genome. The chromosomal maps allowed us to anchor and orientate assembled genome scaffolds along the chromosomes, annotate chromosome rearrangements and thereby get a better understanding of the genome evolution of ruminants and other mammals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-625) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Wang
- Key lab of animal genetics, breeding and reproduction of ministry education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Cine N, Baykal AT, Sunnetci D, Canturk Z, Serhatli M, Savli H. Identification of ApoA1, HPX and POTEE genes by omic analysis in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1078-86. [PMID: 24969553 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and accounts for 23% of all female types of cancers. It is well recognized that breast cancer represents a heterogeneous group of tumors, and the molecular events involved in the progression to cancer remain undetermined. Moreover, available prognostic and predictive markers are not sufficient for the accurate determination of the risk for many breast cancer patients. Thus, it is necessary to discover new molecular markers for accurate prediction of clinical outcome and individualized therapy. In the present study, we performed omics-based whole-genome trancriptomic and whole proteomic profiling with network and pathway analyses of breast tumors to identify gene expression patterns related to clinical outcome. A total of 20 samples from tumors and 14 normal appearing breast tissues were analyzed using both gene expression microarrays and LC-MS/MS. We identified 585 downregulated and 413 upregulated genes by gene expression microarrays. Among these genes, HPX, POTEE and ApoA1 were the most significant genes correlated with the proteomic profile. Our data revealed that these identified genes are closely related to breast cancer and may be involved in robust detection of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naci Cine
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sunnetci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zafer Canturk
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Muge Serhatli
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Savli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Redfield SM, Mao J, Zhu H, He Z, Zhang X, Bigler SA, Zhou X. The C-terminal common to group 3 POTES (CtG3P): a newly discovered nucleolar marker associated with malignant progression and metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:278-289. [PMID: 23841027 PMCID: PMC3696534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A gene family expressed in prostate, ovary, testis and placenta (POTEs) is newly defined and primate-specific. POTE genes have 13 paralogs, which are dispersed in 8 chromosomes and divided into three groups. The proteins encoded by these genes contain three domains: An N-terminal, ankyrin repeats and a C-terminus. Previous studies suggest that POTE proteins are localized in the inner aspect of cellular membrane and are considered as cancer-testis antigens, because they expressed widely in cancers, but in limited benign tissues. In this study, we will study the subcellular distribution of all POTE proteins and their associations with the progress and metastasis of malignancies. By performing Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence assay on tissue microarray slides containing tissues with different pathology and origins or on cell lines, we found that the epitopes of N- and C-terminals of all detected POTEs were widely expressed in benign and malignant tissues. Among these epitopes, C-terminal common to group 3 POTEs (CtG3P) was the only portion localized in nucleoli. The nucleolar IHC scores for CtG3P was lowest in benign tissues (4.47 ± 3.43), significantly higher in localized malignancies (5.32 ± 3.36, p = 3.63E-02), and highest in metastatic malignancies (7.90 ± 2.29, p = 8.13E-12). The CtG3P was better in differentiation of benign from malignant changes, and/or in differentiation of localized from metastatic cancers as compared with Ki-67 and AgNORs. In addition, transient transfection of siRNA against mRNA of group 3 POTEs influences the growth and survival of MCF-7 cells in vitro in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Redfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State Street, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jinghe Mao
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College500 West County Line Road, Tougaloo, MS 39157, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State Street, MS 39216, USA
| | - Zhi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State Street, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center of biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State Street, MS 39216, USA
| | - Steven A Bigler
- Department of Pathology, Mississippi Baptist Medical Center1190 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39202, USA
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State Street, MS 39216, USA
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Dynamic actin gene family evolution in primates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:630803. [PMID: 23841080 PMCID: PMC3690210 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most highly conserved proteins and plays crucial roles in many vital cellular functions. In most eukaryotes, it is encoded by a multigene family. Although the actin gene family has been studied a lot, few investigators focus on the comparison of actin gene family in relative species. Here, the purpose of our study is to systematically investigate characteristics and evolutionary pattern of actin gene family in primates. We identified 233 actin genes in human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, rhesus monkey, and marmoset genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that actin genes in the seven species could be divided into two major types of clades: orthologous group versus complex group. Codon usages and gene expression patterns of actin gene copies were highly consistent among the groups because of basic functions needed by the organisms, but much diverged within species due to functional diversification. Besides, many great potential pseudogenes were found with incomplete open reading frames due to frameshifts or early stop codons. These results implied that actin gene family in primates went through “birth and death” model of evolution process. Under this model, actin genes experienced strong negative selection and increased the functional complexity by reproducing themselves.
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Huang YH, Terabe M, Pendleton CD, Stewart Khursigara D, Bera TK, Pastan I, Berzofsky JA. Identification and enhancement of HLA-A2.1-restricted CTL epitopes in a new human cancer antigen-POTE. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64365. [PMID: 23750208 PMCID: PMC3672105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of CD8+ T cell epitopes that can induce T cells to kill tumor cells is a fundamental step for development of a peptide cancer vaccine. POTE protein is a newly identified cancer antigen that was found to be expressed in a wide variety of human cancers, including prostate, colon, lung, breast, ovary and pancreas. Here, we determined HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the POTE protein, and also designed enhanced epitopes by amino acid (AA) substitutions. Five 9-mer peptides were first selected and their binding affinity to HLA-A2 molecules was measured by the T2 binding assay. POTE 272–280 and POTE 323–331 showed the strongest HLA-A2 binding affinity. AA substituted peptides POTE 252-9V (with valine at position 9), POTE 553-1Y (with tyrosine at position 1) and POTE 323-3F (with phenylalanine at position 3) conferred higher affinity for HLA-A2, and induced CTL responses cross-reactive with wild type antigens. While POTE 252-9V was the strongest in this respect, POTE 323-3F had the greatest increase in immunogenicity compared to wild type. Importantly, two modified epitopes (POTE-553-1Y and POTE-323-3F) induced CTLs that killed NCI-H522, a POTE-expressing HLA-A2+ human non-small cell lung cancer cell line, indicating natural endogenous processing of these epitopes. In conclusion, the immunogenicity of POTE epitopes can be enhanced by peptide modification to induce T cells that kill human cancer cells. A combination of POTE 553-1Y and POTE 323-3F epitopes might be an attractive vaccine strategy for HLA-A2 cancer patients to overcome tolerance induced by tumors and prevent escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Enukashvily NI, Ponomartsev NV. Mammalian satellite DNA: a speaking dumb. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2013; 90:31-65. [PMID: 23582201 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410523-2.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tandemly organized highly repetitive satellite DNA is the main DNA component of centromeric/pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin. For almost a century, it was considered as "junk DNA," only a small portion of which is used for kinetochore formation. The current review summarizes recent data about satellite DNA transcription. The possible functions of the transcripts are discussed.
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Kuang P, Zhou C, Li X, Ren S, Li B, Wang Y, Li J, Tang L, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Proteomics-based identification of secreted protein dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2 as a potential biomarker for predicting cisplatin efficacy in advanced NSCLC patients. Lung Cancer 2012; 77:427-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bera TK, Walker DA, Sherins RJ, Pastan I. POTE protein, a cancer-testis antigen, is highly expressed in spermatids in human testis and is associated with apoptotic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:1271-4. [PMID: 22234308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The POTE gene family encodes very closely related proteins that are highly expressed in testis and in many cancers. Recent studies indicate that the POTE proteins have a pro-apoptotic function. To examine if POTE is associated with cells that are undergoing apoptosis in testis, we determined the cellular location of POTE and of Cleaved Caspase-3 in testicular tissues from 26 azoospermic men. We found intense expression of POTE in round spermatids that are undergoing apoptosis, which are positive for Cleaved Caspase-3. This study suggests POTE may have a role in apoptosis in the human testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Bera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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A nucleolar protein, H19 opposite tumor suppressor (HOTS), is a tumor growth inhibitor encoded by a human imprinted H19 antisense transcript. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:16759-64. [PMID: 21940503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110904108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The H19 gene, which localizes within a chromosomal region on human chromosome 11p15 that is commonly lost in Wilms tumor (WT), encodes an imprinted untranslated RNA. However, the biological significance of the H19 noncoding transcript remains unresolved because replacement of the RNA transcript with a neocassette has no obvious phenotypic effect. Here we show that the human H19 locus also encodes a maternally expressed, translated gene, antisense to the known H19 transcript, which is conserved in primates. This gene, termed HOTS for H19 opposite tumor suppressor, encodes a protein that localizes to the nucleus and nucleolus and that interacts with the human enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) protein. WTs that show loss of heterozygosity of 11p15 or loss of imprinting of IGF2 also silence HOTS (7/7 and 10/10, respectively). Overexpression of HOTS inhibits Wilms, rhabdoid, rhabdomyosarcoma, and choriocarcinoma tumor cell growth, and silencing HOTS by RNAi increases in vitro colony formation and in vivo tumor growth. These results demonstrate that the human H19 locus harbors an imprinted gene encoding a tumor suppressor protein within the long-sought WT2 locus.
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Liu X, Tang H, Zhang Z, Li W, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Wu M, Li G. POTEH hypomethylation, a new epigenetic biomarker for glioma prognosis. Brain Res 2011; 1391:125-31. [PMID: 21439273 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
POTE ankyrin domain family, member H (POTEH) belongs to POTE family, which expresses in many cancers. In this study, methylation status of POTEH promoter and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated in glioma tissues and cells. Bisulfite sequencing PCR was carried out to investigate the promoter methylation status of POTEH in tumor of 96 glioma patients and glioma cells U251, SF767, and SF126. The effect of promoter hypomethylation on protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. POTEH was hypomethylated in 81.3% gliomas and none in normal brain tissues, and correlated significantly with its protein expression. But there was no remarkable relationship between sex, age, advanced tumor grade and POTEH hypomethylation. With the grade progressing, POTEH protein expression was enhanced. The correlation between POTEH hypomethylation, protein expression and overall survival was statistically significant. In POTEH hypomethylation group, patients with POTEH high expression had shorter overall survival than those with low expression. Hypomethylation of POTEH promoter in gliomas accounted for POTEH protein overexpression and poor outcome in a subset of patients. Detection of these epigenetic changes in tumors may provide information regarding prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 110(#) Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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43
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Du Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Yan X, Yang Y, Yang L, Luo X, Chen Y, Duan T, Ma D. Hypomethylated DSCR4
is a placenta-derived epigenetic marker for trisomy 21. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:207-14. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Thienpont B, Zhang L, Postma AV, Breckpot J, Tranchevent LC, Van Loo P, Møllgård K, Tommerup N, Bache I, Tümer Z, van Engelen K, Menten B, Mortier G, Waggoner D, Gewillig M, Moreau Y, Devriendt K, Larsen LA. Haploinsufficiency of TAB2 causes congenital heart defects in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:839-49. [PMID: 20493459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common major developmental anomalies and the most frequent cause for perinatal mortality, but their etiology remains often obscure. We identified a locus for CHDs on 6q24-q25. Genotype-phenotype correlations in 12 patients carrying a chromosomal deletion on 6q delineated a critical 850 kb region on 6q25.1 harboring five genes. Bioinformatics prioritization of candidate genes in this locus for a role in CHDs identified the TGF-beta-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 gene (TAB2) as the top-ranking candidate gene. A role for this candidate gene in cardiac development was further supported by its conserved expression in the developing human and zebrafish heart. Moreover, a critical, dosage-sensitive role during development was demonstrated by the cardiac defects observed upon titrated knockdown of tab2 expression in zebrafish embryos. To definitively confirm the role of this candidate gene in CHDs, we performed mutation analysis of TAB2 in 402 patients with a CHD, which revealed two evolutionarily conserved missense mutations. Finally, a balanced translocation was identified, cosegregating with familial CHD. Mapping of the breakpoints demonstrated that this translocation disrupts TAB2. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate a role for TAB2 in human cardiac development.
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Liu XF, Bera TK, Liu LJ, Pastan I. A primate-specific POTE-actin fusion protein plays a role in apoptosis. Apoptosis 2010; 14:1237-44. [PMID: 19669888 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primate-specific gene family, POTE, is expressed in many cancers but only in a limited number of normal tissues (testis, ovary, prostate). The 13 POTE paralogs are dispersed among 8 human chromosomes. They evolved by gene duplication and remodeling from an ancestral gene, Ankrd26, recently implicated in controlling body size and obesity. In addition, several POTE paralogs are fused to an actin retrogene producing POTE-actin fusion proteins. The biological function of the POTE genes is unknown, but their high expression in primary spermatocytes, some of which are undergoing apoptosis, suggests a role in inducing programmed cell death. We have chosen Hela cells as a model to study POTE function in human cancer, and have identified POTE-2alpha-actin as the major transcript and the protein it encodes in Hela cells. Transfection experiments show that both POTE-2alpha-actin and POTE-2gammaC are localized to actin filaments close to the inner plasma membrane. Transient expression of POTE-2alpha-actin or POTE-2gammaC induces apoptosis in Hela cells. Using wild-type and mutant mouse embryo cells, we find apoptosis induced by over-expression of POTE-2gammaC is decreased in Bak ( -/- ) or Bak ( -/- ) Bax ( -/- ) cells indicating POTE is acting through a mitochondrial pathway. Endogenous POTE-actin protein levels but not RNA levels increased in a time dependent manner by stimulation of death receptors with their cognate ligands. Our data indicates that the POTE gene family encodes a new family of proapoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Fen Liu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA
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46
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Hahn Y. Molecular evolution of TEPP protein genes in metazoans. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:651-64. [PMID: 19548082 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
TEPP is a gene expressed in human reproductive organs such as testis, prostate, and placenta. Here, identification and molecular evolutionary analysis of TEPP proteins in various metazoan animals including deuterostomes (chordates, hemichordates, and echinoderms), lophotrochozoans (mollusks and annelids), and cnidarians (sea anemone and coral) are reported. A multiple sequence alignment revealed two highly conserved regions in TEPP proteins that had no similarity to any other known domains or proteins. Genomic sequence analysis showed frequent shifting of the splice sites of intron 1 in mammalian TEPP genes. A comparison of the intron positions in the coding region showed that the exon/intron structure of the TEPP gene was established in an early metazoan ancestor and that independent loss of a single intron occurred in echinoderms and in vertebrates. The urochordate tunicate TEPP genes are intronless, possibly due to replacement of the original gene by a retrogene. No homolog was detected in birds, insects, nematodes, and teleost fishes despite the extensive sequence data of these species, implying that the TEPP gene might be lost in these lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program) and Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Essand
- Clinical Immunology Division, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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48
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Wang Y, Leung FCC. Discovery of a long inverted repeat in human POTE genes. Genomics 2009; 94:278-83. [PMID: 19463943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
POTE gene family is tightly related to prostate, ovary, testis and placenta cancers. We recently identified an intronic long inverted repeat (LIR) in some members of the POTE gene family. Due to the capacity of inducing gene amplification, the POTE intronic LIRs may be involved in over-expression of the POTE genes. Our study aimed to understand the origin of the LIR in primates. We collected the LIR and its flanking sequences within rhesus monkey, chimpanzee and human genomes. The rhesus monkey genome only has half-sized LIRs (lack one repeat copy), whereas the human and chimpanzee genomes contain both full-sized and half-sized LIRs. Phylogenetic tree indicates that the LIR is formed after divergence of rhesus monkey and the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The POTE genes containing a full-sized LIR were amplified in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Genome Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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49
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Functional phenotyping and genotyping of circulating tumor cells from patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2009; 277:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Forsberg O, Carlsson B, Malmström PU, Ullenhag G, Tötterman TH, Essand M. High frequency of prostate antigen-directed T cells in cancer patients compared to healthy age-matched individuals. Prostate 2009; 69:70-81. [PMID: 18814178 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to obtain a sustained cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells it is preferable to have CTLs directed against multiple peptide epitopes from numerous tumor-associated antigens. METHODS We used a Flow Cytometry-based interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion assay with peptide-pulsed C1R-A2 as antigen-presenting cells to analyze whether CD8+ T cells directed against any of 24 HLA-A*0201-binding peptides from 15 prostate-associated proteins can be found in the peripheral blood of patients with localized prostate cancer. We also investigated whether multiple prostate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells can be generated simultaneously, from a naïve T cell repertoire. In that case, dendritic cells (DCs) from peripheral blood of healthy donors were divided in six portions and separately pulsed with six peptides. The peptide-pulsed DCs were then pooled and used to stimulate autologous T cells. The T cells were re-stimulated with peptide-pulsed monocytes. RESULTS We found prostate antigen-restricted CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood in 48 out of 184 (26.1%) analyzed samples from 25 cancer patients. This is significantly higher than 17 out of 214 analyzed samples (7.9%) from 10 healthy age-matched male individuals (P = 0.0249). In the cases when antigen-specific T cells could not be detected, we were able to generate IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells specific for up to three prostate antigens simultaneously from a naïve T cell repertoire. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells directed against prostate antigen peptides can be found in, or generated from, peripheral blood. This indicates that such T cells could be expanded ex vivo for adoptive transfer to prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Forsberg
- Clinical Immunology Division, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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