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Fosket DE. CELL DIVISION AND THE DIFFERENTIATION OF WOUND-VESSEL MEMBERS IN CULTURED STEM SEGMENTS OF Coleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 59:1089-96. [PMID: 16591628 PMCID: PMC224836 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.59.4.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D E Fosket
- THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
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Glade MJ, Kanwar YS, Hefley TJ. Enzymatic isolation of chondrocytes from immature rabbit articular cartilage and maintenance of phenotypic expression in culture. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 6:217-26. [PMID: 1852087 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650060303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The studies included here identify factors affecting cartilage digestion by crude bacterial collagenase (cCGN) and describe a cartilage digestion medium that maximizes both tissue digestion rate and viable cell yield. The basal digestion medium contained 100 mM NaCl, 3 mM K2HPO4, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgSO4, 10 mM NaHCO3, 60 mM sorbitol, 5 mg/ml of dextrose, 1 mg/ml of albumin, and 2 mg/ml of cCGN in 25 mM HEPES at pH 7.2. Approximately 45% of articular cartilage tissue was digested in this basal medium in 6 h at 37 degrees C, yielding 6.8 x 10(6) viable cells per g tissue digested. The addition of 30 microM tosyllysylchloromethane (TLCM) increased the fraction of tissue digested in 6 h to 68% (p less than 0.05) and doubled viable cell yields to 13.6 x 10(6) per g tissue digested (p less than 0.05). Withholding Mg, decreasing NaCl to 70 mM, and adding 30 mM KCl increased fractional tissue digestion to 81% (p less than 0.01) and doubled viable cell yield yet again (to 29.9 x 10(6) viable cells per g tissue digested). Supplementation with TLCM increased the rate of cartilage digestion and the yield of viable cells regardless of cCGN source or lot. Additional trypsin (0.25%) inhibited tissue digestion and decreased cell yield; this effect was reversible with the addition of TLCM. The cartilage digestion medium developed in these studies (low Mg with added K and TLCM) was very effective in digesting articular, scapular, rib, and growth plate cartilage, as well as in yielding a large number of viable chondrocytes. These cells grew well in culture and maintained their chondrocytic characteristics, secreting predominantly type II collagen and large macromolecular forms of chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Glade
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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Hiraki Y, Inoue H, Asada A, Suzuki F. Differential modulation of growth and phenotypic expression of chondrocytes in sparse and confluent cultures by growth factors in cartilage. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5:1077-85. [PMID: 2080719 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The growth-promoting actions of cartilage extracts (CE) on rabbit cultured chondrocytes were studied to assess the role of local acting growth factors in the generation and expansion of highly differentiated cells. In the present study, DNA synthesis and proteoglycan synthesis in the cultured chondrocytes were monitored by flow cytofluorometry and double-isotope autoradiography by using [3H]thymidine and [35S]sulfate. We report here that actions of the same set of growth factors extracted from cartilage evokes differential cellular responses depending upon cell density. Growth factors in the optimal dose of CE (2 micrograms/ml) or epidermal growth factor (EGF, 40 ng/ml) did not reveal such a cell density-dependent effect on cellular proliferation. However, growth factors in CE induced proteoglycan synthesis selectively in nonproliferating and expressing cells in confluent culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hiraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Calcified Tissue Metabolism, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan
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Abstract
Continuous exposure of chicken embryo limb bud mesenchyme cells undergoing chondrogenesis in vitro to [3H] thymidine thymidine [(3H]TdR) revealed that more than 90% of the cells synthesized DNA at least once during 120 h of culture. When cells were exposed to [3H]TdR for 24 h beginning at various times throughout the culture period, the percentage of cells which incorporated [3H]TdR during each period was approximately 92%. However, when the period for incorporation of radioisotope was limited to two hours, the number of cells which incorporated [3H]TdR was found to decline during chondrogenesis in vitro. This decline was coincident with the appearance of extracellular matrix material and occurred in those cells which had, and had not, expressed the cartilage phenotype. We conclude from these studies that (1) practically all of the cells continue to proliferate while chondrogenesis is occurring in vitro, (2) there is an increase in the length of the cell cycle during chondrogenesis in vitro, and (3) withdrawal from the cell cycle is not required for differentiation of mesenchyme into cartilage.
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Abstract
The purpose of this work was to provide futher knowledge about bone cell kinetics in the metaphysis of the growing long bone. Seventy rats were sacrificed from 1 to 120 h after injection of tritiated thymidine. Autoradiographs of 3 micrometers thick sections of the proximal tibial metaphysis were studied in a manner which allowed evaluation of labeled cell nuclei as a function of increasing age of metaphyseal tissue. A cell cycle duration study for osteoprogenitor cells was done. Labeled osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts first appeared at 1 h post-injection. The great majority of all labeled osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts was found within 1 mm of the growth cartilage-metaphyseal junction (GCMJ) at all times, apparently migrating with the moving GCMJ. In contrast, labeled osteoclast nuclei first appeared at 24 h post-injection within 0.3 mm of the GCMJ and remained always with the area of bone surface with which they were first associated, even as the GCMJ migrated away. By 5 days post-injection, the source of new labeled osteoclast nuclei in the metaphysis near the GCMJ was depleted, whereas that for the osteoblasts remained. The existence of two kinetically different, as well as ultrastructurally different, members of the metaphyseal osteoprogenitor cells population is postulated. A cell cycle time of 39 +/- 18 h was found for the osteoprogenitor cell population, but has limited meaning. A schema for metaphyseal bone cell movements during longitudinal bone growth is presented.
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Miller RP, Husain M, Lohin S. Long acting cAMP analogues enhance sulfate incorporation into matrix proteoglycans and suppress cell division of fetal rat chondrocytes in monolayer culture. J Cell Physiol 1979; 100:63-76. [PMID: 224070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between replication and the synthesis of matrix sulfated proteoglycans was investigated with fetal rat chondrocytes grown in monolayer culture. The effect of N6 O2' dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP), adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), 8 Bromo adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (8 Br-cAMP), sodium butyrate and hydroxyurea was examined. Between 0.05 and 0.5 mM DBcAMP, a dose related inhibition of cell division and stimulation of [35SO=/4] incorporation into matrix proteoglycans was demonstrated. At the higher concentrations of DBcAMP, cell division was completely inhibited and the enhancement of [35SO=/4] incorporation into matrix proteoglycans ranged between 40 and 120% (P less than 0.01). Utilizing 14C-glucosamine and photometric determination of proteoglycans with Alcian Blue, it was demonstrated that the increase in sulfate incorporation reflected enhanced accumulation of extracellular matrix. The effects of DBcAMP were mimicked by 8 Br-cAMP, suggesting they were mediated by the adenylyl cyclase system. cAMP (0.05-0.5 mM), sodium butyrate (0.1-0.5 mM) and hydroxyurea (0.5-5 mM) partially or fully inhibited cell division, but either failed or only slightly enhanced sulfate incorporation. The enhanced sulfated proteoglycan deposition promoted by DBcAMP began 8 to 12 hours after serum stimulation, its onset occurred prior to thymidine incorporation and the effect persisted for 28 hours. Determination of cell volume demonstrated an increase in size of DBcAMP treated chondrocytes between 8 to 12 hours, coincident with the onset of increased sulfate incorporation. These results are consistent with a model where matrix sulfated proteoglycan deposition by chondrocytes is mediated by intracellular cAMP levels and occurs in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Haug E, Tjernshaugen H, Gautvik KM. Variations in prolactin and growth hormone production during cellular growth in clonal strains of rat pituitary cells. J Cell Physiol 1977; 91:15-29. [PMID: 404302 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040910103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A permanent, clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3-cells) spontaneously synthesizes and secretes prolactin (rPRL) and growth hormone (rGH) into the culture medium. The rates of hormone production (microng extracellular hormone/mg cell protein/24 hours) and synthesis (vida infra) as well as the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA (DNA synthesis) have been studied. During logarithmic growth rPRL and rGH production increased to 160 and 250% of the value at day 2 after plating, while during the plateau phase of cell growth hormone production decreased to initial values. The fluctuations in rPRL production could be fully explained by variations in the rate of rPRL synthesis: [3H]eucine incorporated into rPRL as measured with immunoprecipitation and polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis. Also the rates of synthesis and production of rGH showed parallel changes during exponential and plateau phase of growth, but this hormone was probably degraded intracellularly. The relative reduction in the rate of synthesis of rPRL and rGH during the plateau of growth corresponded closely to the fall in the rate of DNA synthesis. The reduction in rPRL synthesis could not be explained through an inhibition by extra-cellular rPRL accumulation or by cell to cell interaction occurring in dense cultures. The intracellular concentrations of both hormones were unaltered during logarithmic growth, but rose to 500% for rPRL and 200% for rGH during the plateau phase. In spite of the marked variations in basal rPRL and rGH production the GH3 cultures of different ages were equally able to increase rPRL and decrease rGH production in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (3 X 10(-7) M) and 17beta-estradiol (10(-8)M).
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Interrelations of the proliferation and differentiation processes during cardiact myogenesis and regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1977. [PMID: 338537 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Wight TN, Ross R. Proteoglycans in primate arteries. II. Synthesis and secretion of glycosaminoglycans by arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. J Cell Biol 1975; 67:675-86. [PMID: 127802 PMCID: PMC2111674 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.67.3.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and secretion by primate arterial smooth muscle have been examined in cell culture. Mass cultures of diploid primate arterial smooth muscle cells were either double labeled with [35S]sulfate and [3H]acetate or single labeled with [3H]glucosamine for 24 h and glycosaminoglycans were extracted and isolated from the culture medium. Incorporation of labeled precursors into glycosaminoglycan was maximal during stationary phase of smooth muscle cell growth in culture and reduced, but not eliminated during logarithmic growth. The glycosaminoglycans synthesized and secreted into the culture medium were characterized by differential susceptibility to glycosaminoglycan-degradative enzymes and by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Both assay procedures indicate that cultured primate arterial smooth muscle cells synthesize principally dermatan sulfate (60%-80% of total), chondroitin sulfate A and/or C (10%-20%of total) and little or no hyaluronic acid (0%-5% of total). This pattern of glycosaminoglycan formation differed significantly from that exhibited by isologous skin fibroblasts cultured under identical conditions. Dermal fibroblasts synthesize and secrete primarily hyaluronic acid (50%-60% of total) with lesser amounts of dermatan sulfate (10%-20% of total) and chondroitin sulfate A and/or C (10%-20% of total). These results indicate that differences exist in proteoglycan metabolism between these two connective tissue-producing cells in vitro, and suggest that the observed pattern of in vitro glycosaminoglycan synthesis by primate arterial smooth muscle cells may be characteristic for this cell type and not a general response to conditions of cell culture.
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Feldman MK, Deome KB. Localization of casein-rich, fat-rich and DNA-synthesizing cells in monolayer cultures of mid-pregnant mouse mammary epithelium. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1975; 7:411-8. [PMID: 1176335 DOI: 10.1007/bf01003878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monolayers of 16-day pregnant BALB/cfC3H/Crl mouse mammary epithelial cells were examined for the occurrence and distribution of cells which contain large amounts of casein and fat and those which synthesize DNA. Cells within the central portions of epithelial cells appeared rich in casein and fat, whereas cells on the peripheral edges of the colonies synthesized DNA almost exclusively. Casein deposits and DNA synthesis were mutually exclusive phenomena, since only 2% of the cells synthesizing DNA also stained for casein. Of the casein-rich cells, 74% were also rich in fat, suggesting that cells wich contain large deposits of casein almost always contain large amounts of fat. These results indicate that a specialization of function exists between cells on the growing edge and those centrally located within a single colony of mammary epithelial cells.
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Nevo AC, Weisman Z, Sadé J. Cell proliferation and cell differentiation in tissue cultures of adult muco-cilliary epithelia. Differentiation 1975; 3:79-90. [PMID: 1183761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1975.tb00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Explants and monolayers from a variety of muco-ciliary epithelia were cultivated in vitro and the kinetics of their proliferation and differentiation described. New epithelial lining and epithelial-like monolayer sheets of cells formed in which the migration cells were all originally undifferentiated cycling stem cells. The divided and differentiated in ML growth into cell types characteristic of the tissue source: however, the control mechanisms which regulate cell division and cell differentiation in the tissues were lost outside the tissue framework. Cell division and cyto-differentiation in ML growths both in ciliated and in mucus-producing cells, were not always mutually exclusive.
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Moscatelli D, Rubin H. Increased hyaluronic acid production on stimulation of DNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts. Nature 1975; 254:65-6. [PMID: 234598 DOI: 10.1038/254065a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Solursh M, Karp GC. An effect of accumulated matrix on sulfation among cells in a cartilage colony: an autoradiographic study. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1975; 191:73-84. [PMID: 162933 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401910108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this report an autoradiographic approach is used to compare synthetic activities of cells within differentiated cartilage colonies. While amino acid incorporation is umiform throughout the colony, H-3-uridine is incorporated more actively by cells having little matrix, cells which are typically in the peripheral regions of a colony. On the other hand S-35-O4 is incorporated most actively by cells in the colony centers. This difference in sulfation appears to occur independently of the mitotic state of the cells, since it is apparent in both growing and near-stationary cultures. Instead, there is a correlation between the accumulation of extracellular matrix and more active levels of sulfation. In support of the idea that matrix creates a microenvironment more favorable to chondrogenesis is the observation that a brief treatment with hyaluronidase, which removes about 60% of the S-35-O4 from prelabeled cultures, depresses isolation of labeled glycosaminoglycans. The possible role of extracellular matrices in altering the expression of differentiated functions by creating a more favorable microenvironment is considered.
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McHenry FA, Hoffman PN, Salpeter MM. Uptake of 35S-sulfate by morphologically differentiated replicating chondrocytes in vivo: a double isotope electron microscope autoradiographic study. Dev Biol 1974; 39:96-104. [PMID: 4836528 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(74)80011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Mitotic activity in the lens rudiment of the chicken embryo before and after the onset of crystallin synthesis. Dev Genes Evol 1974; 175:13-25. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00573221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/1973] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wright ML. DNA synthesis during differentiation of tadpole shank epidermis. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1973; 186:237-56. [PMID: 4543602 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401860303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Werner I. Control of pigment synthesis in culture. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 1973; 46:444-63. [PMID: 4205115 PMCID: PMC2592027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Marcus RE. The effect of low oxygen concentration on growth, glycolysis, and sulfate incorporation by articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1973; 16:646-56. [PMID: 4795466 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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CHIAKULAS JJ, TSAI T, SCHEVING LE. THE HISTOGENETIC AND BIOSYNTHETIC CAPABILITIES OF URODELE CHONDROCYTES AFTER SHORT-TERM AND PROLONGED CULTURE IN VITRO*. Dev Growth Differ 1972. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1973.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stockdale FE, O'Neill MC. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, mitosis, and skeletal muscle differentiation. IN VITRO 1972; 8:212-27. [PMID: 4650418 DOI: 10.1007/bf02619501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Solursh M, Meier S. The requirement for RNA synthesis in the differentiation of cultured chick embryo chondrocytes. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1972; 181:253-62. [PMID: 5047365 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401810212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Weinstein RB, Hay ED. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and mitosis in differentiated cardiac muscle cells of chick embryos. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1970; 47:310-6. [PMID: 5513558 PMCID: PMC2108383 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.47.1.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Pfeiffer SE, Herschman HR, Lightbody J, Sato G. Synthesis by a clonal line of rat glial cells of a protein unique to the nervous system. J Cell Physiol 1970; 75:329-39. [PMID: 4988781 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040750309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sokoloff L, Malemud CJ, Green WT. Sulfate incorporation by articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1970; 13:118-24. [PMID: 4246301 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780130203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Herrmann H, Heywood SM, Marchok AC. Chapter 6 Reconstruction of Muscle Development as a Sequence of Macromolecular Syntheses. Curr Top Dev Biol 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Locke M. The molt/intermolt cycle in the epidermis and other tissues of an insect Calpodes ethlius(Lepidoptera, hesperiidae). Tissue Cell 1970; 2:197-223. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(70)80016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/1969] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Changes in nucleic acid and protein synthesis during starvation and spherule formation inPhysarum polycephalum. Dev Genes Evol 1970; 165:110-124. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00650140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/1970] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghose T, Cerini M. Persistence of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antigens in primary cultures of human thyroid epithelium. Clin Exp Immunol 1969; 5:515-24. [PMID: 4902605 PMCID: PMC1579136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in the amount and distribution of thyroglobulin and thyroid `microsomal' antigens were studied in primary explant and monolayer cultures of human thyroid epithelium which were alive for about 60 days. Both explant and monolayer cultures produced thyroglobulin in vitro at all times during the 60-day period of observation. However, the number of cells containing the thyroid `microsomal' antigen and the amount of antigen in individual cells both diminished though the antigen was detectable in a proportion of viable cells in all cultures at all times during the 60-day period of observation of this report.
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Searls RL, Janners MY. The stabilization of cartilage properties in the cartilage-forming mesenchyme of the embryonic chick limb. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1969; 170:365-75. [PMID: 5795332 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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