1
|
Elnwasany A, Ewida HA, Menendez-Montes I, Mizerska M, Fu X, Kim CW, Horton JD, Burgess SC, Rothermel BA, Szweda PA, Szweda LI. Reciprocal regulation of cardiac β-oxidation and pyruvate dehydrogenase by insulin. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107412. [PMID: 38796064 PMCID: PMC11231754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The heart alters the rate and relative oxidation of fatty acids and glucose based on availability and energetic demand. Insulin plays a crucial role in this process diminishing fatty acid and increasing glucose oxidation when glucose availability increases. Loss of insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility can result in cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to identify mechanisms by which insulin regulates substrate utilization in the heart. Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the key regulatory site for the oxidation of glucose for ATP production. Nevertheless, the impact of insulin on PDH activity has not been fully delineated, particularly in the heart. We sought in vivo evidence that insulin stimulates cardiac PDH and that this process is driven by the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Mice injected with insulin exhibited dephosphorylation and activation of cardiac PDH. This was accompanied by an increase in the content of malonyl-CoA, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and, thus, mitochondrial import of fatty acids. Administration of the CPT1 inhibitor oxfenicine was sufficient to activate PDH. Malonyl-CoA is produced by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Pharmacologic inhibition or knockout of cardiac ACC diminished insulin-dependent production of malonyl-CoA and activation of PDH. Finally, circulating insulin and cardiac glucose utilization exhibit daily rhythms reflective of nutritional status. We demonstrate that time-of-day-dependent changes in PDH activity are mediated, in part, by ACC-dependent production of malonyl-CoA. Thus, by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, insulin reciprocally activates PDH. These studies identify potential molecular targets to promote cardiac glucose oxidation and treat heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Elnwasany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heba A Ewida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela A Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Balbuena E, Cheng J, Eroglu A. Carotenoids in orange carrots mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987103. [PMID: 36225879 PMCID: PMC9549209 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotenoids are abundant in colored fruits and vegetables. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global burden and risk factor for end-stage hepatic diseases. This study aims to compare the anti-NAFLD efficacy between carotenoid-rich and carotenoid-deficient vegetables. Materials and methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to one of four experimental diets for 15 weeks (n = 12 animals/group): Low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat), HFD with 20% white carrot powders (HFD + WC), or with 20% orange carrot powders (HFD + OC). Results We observed that carotenoids in the orange carrots reduced HFD-induced weight gain, better than white carrots. Histological and triglyceride (TG) analyses revealed significantly decreased HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition and TG content in the HFD + WC group, which was further reduced in the HFD + OC group. Western blot analysis demonstrated inconsistent changes of fatty acid synthesis-related proteins but significantly improved ACOX-1 and CPT-II, indicating that orange carrot carotenoids had the potential to inhibit NAFLD by improving β-oxidation. Further investigation showed significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of PPARα and its transcription factor activity. Conclusion Carotenoid-rich foods may display more potent efficacy in mitigating NAFLD than those with low carotenoid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Balbuena
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdulkerim Eroglu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Jiang L, Li C, Li C, Yang J, Yu J, Mao R, Rao Y. LKB1 Is Physiologically Required for Sleep from Drosophila melanogaster to the Mus musculus. Genetics 2022; 221:6586797. [PMID: 35579349 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two of them salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) and AMPKα have previously been implicated in sleep regulation. We generated loss-of-function (LOF) mutants for Lkb1 in both Drosophila and mice. Sleep, but not circadian rhythms, was reduced in Lkb1-mutant flies and in flies with neuronal deletion of Lkb1. Genetic interactions between Lkb1 and Threonine to Alanine mutation at residue 184 of AMPK in Drosophila sleep or those between Lkb1 and Threonine to Glutamic Acid mutation at residue 196 of SIK3 in Drosophila viability have been observed. Sleep was reduced in mice after virally mediated reduction of Lkb1 in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis showed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and sleep need were both reduced in Lkb1-mutant mice. These results indicate that LKB1 plays a physiological role in sleep regulation conserved from flies to mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengang Li
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqun Yang
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Renbo Mao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caloric restriction mimetics: towards a molecular definition. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:727-40. [PMID: 25212602 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction, be it constant or intermittent, is reputed to have health-promoting and lifespan-extending effects. Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are compounds that mimic the biochemical and functional effects of caloric restriction. In this Opinion article, we propose a unifying definition of CRMs as compounds that stimulate autophagy by favouring the deacetylation of cellular proteins. This deacetylation process can be achieved by three classes of compounds that deplete acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA; the sole donor of acetyl groups), that inhibit acetyl transferases (a group of enzymes that acetylate lysine residues in an array of proteins) or that stimulate the activity of deacetylases and hence reverse the action of acetyl transferases. A unifying definition of CRMs will be important for the continued development of this class of therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mariño G, Pietrocola F, Eisenberg T, Kong Y, Malik SA, Andryushkova A, Schroeder S, Pendl T, Harger A, Niso-Santano M, Zamzami N, Scoazec M, Durand S, Enot DP, Fernández ÁF, Martins I, Kepp O, Senovilla L, Bauvy C, Morselli E, Vacchelli E, Bennetzen M, Magnes C, Sinner F, Pieber T, López-Otín C, Maiuri MC, Codogno P, Andersen JS, Hill JA, Madeo F, Kroemer G. Regulation of autophagy by cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A. Mol Cell 2014; 53:710-25. [PMID: 24560926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) is a major integrator of the nutritional status at the crossroads of fat, sugar, and protein catabolism. Here we show that nutrient starvation causes rapid depletion of AcCoA. AcCoA depletion entailed the commensurate reduction in the overall acetylation of cytoplasmic proteins, as well as the induction of autophagy, a homeostatic process of self-digestion. Multiple distinct manipulations designed to increase or reduce cytosolic AcCoA led to the suppression or induction of autophagy, respectively, both in cultured human cells and in mice. Moreover, maintenance of high AcCoA levels inhibited maladaptive autophagy in a model of cardiac pressure overload. Depletion of AcCoA reduced the activity of the acetyltransferase EP300, and EP300 was required for the suppression of autophagy by high AcCoA levels. Altogether, our results indicate that cytosolic AcCoA functions as a central metabolic regulator of autophagy, thus delineating AcCoA-centered pharmacological strategies that allow for the therapeutic manipulation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mariño
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Yongli Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shoaib Ahmad Malik
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Sabrina Schroeder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Harger
- Institute of Medical Technologies and Health Management, Joanneum Research, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Naoufal Zamzami
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie Scoazec
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Silvère Durand
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - David P Enot
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Álvaro F Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Bauvy
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM U845, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Martin Bennetzen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute of Medical Technologies and Health Management, Joanneum Research, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Sinner
- Institute of Medical Technologies and Health Management, Joanneum Research, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- Institute of Medical Technologies and Health Management, Joanneum Research, 8036 Graz, Austria; Medical University of Graz, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM U845, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jens S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Molecular Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee GY, Kim NH, Zhao ZS, Cha BS, Kim YS. Peroxisomal-proliferator-activated receptor alpha activates transcription of the rat hepatic malonyl-CoA decarboxylase gene: a key regulation of malonyl-CoA level. Biochem J 2004; 378:983-90. [PMID: 14641110 PMCID: PMC1224007 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Revised: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
MCD (malonyl-CoA decarboxylase), which catalyses decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA, is known to play an important role in the regulation of malonyl-CoA concentration. Recently, it has been observed that the expression of MCD is significantly decreased in the hearts of the PPARalpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha) (-/-) mice, where the rate of fatty-acid oxidation is decreased by the increased malonyl-CoA level [Campbell, Kozak, Wagner, Altarejos, Dyck, Belke, Severson, Kelly and Lopaschuk (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 4098-4103]. This suggests that MCD may be transcriptionally regulated by PPARalpha. To investigate whether PPARalpha is truly responsible for transcriptional regulation of the rat MCD gene, transient reporter assay was performed in CV-1 cells. The promoter activity was increased by 17-fold in CV-1 cells co-transfected with PPARalpha/retinoid X receptor alpha expression plasmid. In sequence analysis of the promoter region, three putative PPREs (PPAR response elements) were identified, and promoter deletion analysis showed that PPRE2 and PPRE3 were functional. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays revealed that PPARalpha/retinoid X receptor alpha heterodimer indeed bound to the two PPREs, and the binding specificity of PPARalpha on PPRE was also confirmed by experiments with mutated oligonucleotides. These results indicate that the elements behaved as a responsive site to PPARalpha activation. MCD mRNA levels in WY14643-treated rat hepatoma cells as well as in the liver of fenofibrate-fed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats were also found to be increased, suggesting that PPARalpha can activate the rat hepatic MCD transcription by binding to the PPREs in the promoter. We propose that MCD performs an important role in understanding the regulatory mechanism between activated PPARalpha and fatty-acid oxidation by altering the malonyl-CoA concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gha Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Protein Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chegwidden WR, Dodgson SJ, Spencer IM. The roles of carbonic anhydrase in metabolism, cell growth and cancer in animals. EXS 2001:343-63. [PMID: 11268523 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8446-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W R Chegwidden
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 West Grandview Boulevard, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quayle KA, Denton RM, Brownsey RW. Evidence for a protein regulator from rat liver which activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Biochem J 1993; 292 ( Pt 1):75-84. [PMID: 8099280 PMCID: PMC1134271 DOI: 10.1042/bj2920075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1. A regulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase has been identified in high-speed supernatant fractions from rat liver. The regulator was found to activate highly purified acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2-3-fold at physiological citrate concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM). The effects of the regulator on acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity were dose-dependent, and half-maximal activation occurred in 7-8 min at 30 degrees C. 2. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulator was non-dialysable and was inactivated by heating or by exposure to carboxypeptidase. The regulator was enriched from rat liver cytosol by first removing the endogenous acetyl-CoA carboxylase and then using a combination of purification steps, including (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. The regulator activity appeared to be a protein with a molecular mass of approx. 75 kDa, which could be eluted from mono-Q with approx. 0.35 M KCl as a single peak of activity. 3. Studies of the effects of the regulator on phosphorylation or subunit size of acetyl-CoA carboxylase indicated that the changes in enzyme activity are most unlikely to be explained by dephosphorylation or by proteolytic cleavage. 4. The regulator co-migrates with acetyl-CoA carboxylase through several purification steps, including ion-exchange chromatography and precipitation with (NH4)2SO4; however, the proteins may be separated by Sepharose-avidin chromatography, and the association between the proteins is also disrupted by addition of avidin in solution. Furthermore, the binding of the regulator itself to DEAE-cellulose is altered by the presence of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Taken together, these observations suggest that the effects of the regulator on acetyl-CoA carboxylase may be explained by direct protein-protein interaction in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Quayle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moule SK, Edgell NJ, Borthwick AC, Denton RM. Coenzyme A is a potent inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from rat epididymal fat-pads. Biochem J 1992; 283 ( Pt 1):35-8. [PMID: 1348928 PMCID: PMC1130988 DOI: 10.1042/bj2830035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rat epididymal fat-pad extracts have previously been shown to contain an insulin-stimulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase, which is co-eluted from Mono Q ion-exchange chromatography with a potent inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase [Borthwick, Edgell & Denton (1990) Biochem. J. 270, 795-801]. A variety of tests, including reactivity with thiol reagents, identify this inhibitor as CoA. Inhibition requires the presence of MgATP, but is independent of any phosphorylation of the enzyme. The effect is complete in about 5 min and is associated with depolymerization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Half-maximal inhibition is observed at about 40 nM-CoA. The inhibitory effects of CoA can be partially reversed by incubation with citrate and more fully overcome by treatment of the enzyme with the insulin-stimulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Moule
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
5 Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
11
|
Abstract
The transport system for pantothenic acid uptake in Escherichia coli was characterized. This transport system was specific for pantothenate, had a Kt of 0.4 microM, and had a maximum velocity of 1.6 pmol/min per 10(8) cells (45 pmol/min per mg [dry weight]). Pantothenate uptake was not reduced in osmotically shocked cells or by ATP depletion with arsenate, but was reduced greater than 90% by the dissipation of the membrane electrochemical gradient with 2,4-dinitrophenol. Sodium ions stimulated pantothenate uptake (Kt, 0.8 mM) by reducing the Kt for pantothenate by an order of magnitude. Intracellular pantothenate was rapidly phosphorylated, but phosphorylation of pantothenate was not required for uptake since pantothenate was the only labeled intracellular compound concentrated by ATP-depleted, glucose-energized cells. The data were consistent with the presence of a high-affinity pantothenate permease that concentrates the vitamin by sodium cotransport.
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Lent B, Kim K. Purification and properties of a kinase which phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
14
|
Vogel H, Bridger W. NADPH and substrates protect ATP-citrate lyase from thermal and proteolytic inactivation. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
15
|
Witters L, Friedman S, Tipper J, Bacon G. Regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by guanine nucleotides. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
16
|
|