1
|
Yamamoto H, Okada M, Sawaguchi Y, Yamada T. Expression of opsin and visual cycle-related enzymes in fetal rat skin keratinocytes and cellular response to blue light. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101789. [PMID: 39104840 PMCID: PMC11298612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which the skin, a non-visual tissue, responds to light remains unknown. To date, opsin expression has been demonstrated in keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts, all of which are skin-derived cells. In this study, we examined whether the visual cycle, by which opsin activity is maintained, is present in skin keratinocytes. We also identified the wavelengths of light to which opsin in keratinocytes responds and explored their effects on skin keratinocytes. The fetal rat skin keratinocytes used in this study expressed OPN2, 3, and 5 in addition to enzymes involved in the visual cycle, and all-trans-retinal, which is produced by exposure to light, was reconverted to 11-cis-retinal, resulting in opsin activation. Using the production of all-trans-retinal after light exposure as an indicator, we discovered that keratinocytes responded to light at 450 nm. Furthermore, actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 expression in keratinocytes was enhanced and cell migration was suppressed by exposure to light at these wavelengths. These results indicate that keratinocytes express various opsins and have a visual cycle that keeps opsin active. Moreover, keratinocytes were shown to respond to the blue/UV region of the light spectrum, suggesting that opsin plays a role in the light response of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1197, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Momo Okada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sawaguchi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamamoto H, Tanaka C, Okada M, Sawaguchi Y, Yamada T. Membrane translocation of vinculin after UVA exposure facilitates melanosome trafficking. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:293-296. [PMID: 36529508 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is among the defenses against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. During formation of skin pigmentation, melanosomes that are transported to the cell membrane and released are internalized by keratinocytes. We here examined whether vinculin, the origin of actin fibers, is involved in this intracellular transport of melanosomes by using melanocytes with suppressed vinculin expression. Using fluorescence immunostaining, the migration of vinculin to the cell membrane due to exposure to 365-nm LED light was examined. The intracellular distribution of melanosomes after irradiation was weighted toward the pericellular region compared with non-irradiated cells. With the suppression of vinculin expression, the amount of extracellularly released melanin decreased. We conclude that the membrane migration of vinculin after UVA exposure is involved in the intracellular transport of melanosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chiho Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Momo Okada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sawaguchi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Complete Model of Vinculin Suggests the Mechanism of Activation by Helical Super-Bundle Unfurling. Protein J 2022; 41:55-70. [PMID: 35006498 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To shed light onto the activation mechanism of vinculin, we carried out a detailed refinement of chicken vinculin and compared it to the human protein which is greater than 95% identical. Refinement resulted in a complete and significantly improved model. This model includes important elements such as a pro-rich strap region (PRR) and C-terminus. The conformation of the PRR stabilized by its inter- and intra-molecular contacts shows a dynamic, but relatively stable motif that constitutes a docking platform for multiple molecules. The contact of the C-terminus with the PRR suggests that phosphorylation of Tyr1065 might control activation and membrane binding. Improved electron densities showed the presence of large solvent molecules such as phosphates/sulfates and a head-group of PIP2. The improved model allowed for a computational stability analysis to be performed by the program Corex/Best which located numerous hot-spots of increased and decreased stability. Proximity of the identified binding sites for regulatory partners involved in inducing or suppressing the activation of vinculin to the unstable elements sheds new light onto the activation pathway and differential activation. This stability analysis suggests that the activation pathway proceeds by unfurling of the super-bundle built from four bundles of helices without separation of the Vt region (840-1066) from the head. According to our mechanism, when activating proteins bind at the strap region a separation of N and C terminal bundles occurs, followed by unfurling of the super-bundle and flattening of the general shape of the molecule, which exposes the interaction sites for binding of auxiliary proteins.
Collapse
|
5
|
Altered Moesin and Actin Cytoskeleton Protein Rearrangements Affect Transendothelial Permeability in Human Endothelial Cells upon Dengue Virus Infection and TNF-α Treatment. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102042. [PMID: 34696472 PMCID: PMC8537470 DOI: 10.3390/v13102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the host, viral factors, and secreted cytokines (especially TNF-α) play roles in the pathogenesis of secondary dengue infections. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic screening of cytoskeleton fractions isolated from human endothelial (EA.hy926) cells upon dengue virus (DENV) infection and TNF-α treatment identified 450 differentially altered proteins. Among them, decreased levels of moesin, actin stress fiber rearrangements, and dot-like formations of vinculin were observed with western blot analyses and/or immunofluorescence staining (IFA). In vitro vascular permeability assays using EA.hy926 cells, seeded on collagen-coated transwell inserts, showed low levels of transendothelial electrical resistance in treated cells. The synergistic effects of DENV infection and TNF-α treatment caused cellular permeability changes in EA.hy926 cells, which coincided with decreasing moesin levels and the production of abnormal organizations of actin stress fibers and vinculin. Functional studies demonstrated moesin overexpression restored transendothelial permeability in DENV/TNF-α-treated EA.hy926 cells. The present study improves the understanding of the disruption mechanisms of cytoskeleton proteins in enhancing vascular permeability during DENV infection and TNF-α treatment. The study also suggests that these disruption mechanisms are major factors contributing to vascular leakage in severe dengue patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Interaction of Some Microdomain-Associated Lipids with Cellular Focal Adhesion Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218149. [PMID: 33142729 PMCID: PMC7662714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix at distinct anchoring points, mostly focal adhesions. These are rich in immobile transmembrane- and cytoskeletal-associated proteins, some of which are known to interact with lipids of the plasma membrane. To investigate their effect on lipid mobility and molecular interactions, fluorescently labeled lipids were incorporated into the plasma membranes of primary myofibroblasts using fusogenic liposomes. With fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we tested mobilities of labeled microdomain-associated lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM), ganglioside (GM1), and cholesterol as well as of a microdomain-excluded phospholipid (PC) and a lipid-like molecule (DiIC18(7)) in focal adhesions (FAs) and in neighboring non-adherent membrane areas. We found significantly slower diffusion of SM and GM1 inside FAs but no effect on cholesterol, PC, and DiIC18(7). These data were compared to the molecular behavior in Lo/Ld-phase separated giant unilamellar vesicles, which served as a model system for microdomain containing lipid membranes. In contrast to the model system, lipid mobility changes in FAs were molecularly selective, and no particle enrichment occurred. Our findings suggest that lipid behavior in FAs cannot be described by Lo/Ld-phase separation. The observed slow-down of some molecules in FAs is potentially due to transient binding between lipids and some molecular constituent(s).
Collapse
|
7
|
Posa F, Baha-Schwab EH, Wei Q, Di Benedetto A, Neubauer S, Reichart F, Kessler H, Spatz JP, Albiges-Rizo C, Mori G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Surface Co-presentation of BMP-2 and integrin selective ligands at the nanoscale favors α 5β 1 integrin-mediated adhesion. Biomaterials 2020; 267:120484. [PMID: 33142116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the use of surface nanopatterning of covalently immobilized BMP-2 and integrin selective ligands to determine the specificity of their interactions in regulating cell adhesion and focal adhesion assembly. Gold nanoparticle arrays carrying single BMP-2 dimers are prepared by block-copolymer micellar nanolithography and azide-functionalized integrin ligands (cyclic-RGD peptides or α5β1 integrin peptidomimetics) are immobilized on the surrounding polyethylene glycol alkyne by click chemistry. Compared to BMP-2 added to the media, surface immobilized BMP-2 (iBMP-2) favors the spatial segregation of adhesion clusters and enhances focal adhesion (FA) size in cells adhering to α5β1 integrin selective ligands. Moreover, iBMP-2 copresented with α5β1 integrin ligands induces the recruitment of αvβ3 integrins in FAs. When copresented with RGD, iBMP-2 induces the assembly of a higher number of FAs, which are not affected by α5β1 integrin blocking. Our dual-functionalized platforms offer the possibility to study the crosstalk between integrins and BMP receptors, and more in general they could be used to address the spatial regulation of growth factors and adhesion receptors crosstalk on biomimetic surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Posa
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Elisabeth H Baha-Schwab
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Qiang Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Adriana Di Benedetto
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, viale Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, INSERM U823, CNRS ERL 5284, Grenoble Alpessite Santé, Grenoble Cedex, 09, F38042, France
| | - Giorgio Mori
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, viale Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jones MC, Zha J, Humphries MJ. Connections between the cell cycle, cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180227. [PMID: 31431178 PMCID: PMC6627016 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, the purpose of which is to enable cell replication, and in particular to distribute complete, accurate copies of genetic material to daughter cells, is essential for the propagation of life. At a morphological level, division not only necessitates duplication of cellular structures, but it also relies on polar segregation of this material followed by physical scission of the parent cell. For these fundamental changes in cell shape and positioning to be achieved, mechanisms are required to link the cell cycle to the modulation of cytoarchitecture. Outside of mitosis, the three main cytoskeletal networks not only endow cells with a physical cytoplasmic skeleton, but they also provide a mechanism for spatio-temporal sensing via integrin-associated adhesion complexes and site-directed delivery of cargoes. During mitosis, some interphase functions are retained, but the architecture of the cytoskeleton changes dramatically, and there is a need to generate a mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation. An economical solution is to re-use existing cytoskeletal molecules: transcellular actin stress fibres remodel to create a rigid cortex and a cytokinetic furrow, while unipolar radial microtubules become the primary components of the bipolar spindle. This remodelling implies the existence of specific mechanisms that link the cell-cycle machinery to the control of adhesion and the cytoskeleton. In this article, we review the intimate three-way connection between microenvironmental sensing, adhesion signalling and cell proliferation, particularly in the contexts of normal growth control and aberrant tumour progression. As the morphological changes that occur during mitosis are ancient, the mechanisms linking the cell cycle to the cytoskeleton/adhesion signalling network are likely to be primordial in nature and we discuss recent advances that have elucidated elements of this link. A particular focus is the connection between CDK1 and cell adhesion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hickey RJ, Pelling AE. Cellulose Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:45. [PMID: 30968018 PMCID: PMC6438900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the importance of nanostructure of cellulose-based biomaterials to allow cellular adhesion, the contribution of nanostructure to macroscale mechanical properties, and several key applications of these materials for fundamental scientific research and biomedical engineering. Different features on the nanoscale can have macroscale impacts on tissue function. Cellulose is a diverse material with tunable properties and is a promising platform for biomaterial development and tissue engineering. Cellulose-based biomaterials offer some important advantages over conventional synthetic materials. Here we provide an up-to-date summary of the status of the field of cellulose-based biomaterials in the context of bottom-up approaches for tissue engineering. We anticipate that cellulose-based material research will continue to expand because of the diversity and versatility of biochemical and biophysical characteristics highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Hickey
- Department of Physics, STEM Complex, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew E. Pelling
- Department of Physics, STEM Complex, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute for Science Society and Policy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- SymbioticA, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Yu Y, Feng KC, Chuang YC, Zuo X, Zhou Y, Chang CC, Simon M, Rafailovich M. Templated dentin formation by dental pulp stem cells on banded collagen bundles nucleated on electrospun poly (4-vinyl pyridine) fibers in vitro. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:80-88. [PMID: 29940368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Eventhough it is well established that materials can promote stem cell differentiation, hard tissue formation is a templated process for which little is known regarding the in vitro process. We have found that surface curvature enables self-assembly of triple helical collagen fibrils into banded bundle structures from rat tail and human collagen secreted by dental pulp stem cells. Collagen fibrils were adsorbed at 4 °C on spun cast flat P4VP films and electrospun fibers. Protein adsorption was observed on both surfaces, but large banded bundles with a uniform spacing of approximately 55 nm were present only on the fiber surfaces. SEM/EDS mapping showed that dental pulp stem cells plated on the same surfaces biomineralized copiously only along the electrospun fibers. Raman spectroscopy indicated that despite the presence of adsorbed collagen on the flat surfaces, only the deposits present on the fibrous surface had a protein to hydroxyl apatite ratio similar to natural dentin from human teeth. RT-PCR indicated up regulation of collagen, osteocalcin and dental sialophosphate protein, confirming that odontogenic differentiation is promoted only on the fiber scaffolds. Taken together the results indicate that, in addition to surface chemistry, the supermolecular structure of ECM collagen, which is essential in directing DPSCs differentiation and templating biomineralization, can be modified by the underlying surface morphology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The past decade has been focused efforts in the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) for dental regeneration. Eventhough the factors required for DPSCs differentiation have been well studied, actual mineral deposition, positively identified as dentin, has not been achieved in vitro. Hard tissue is known to be a templated process in vivo where the mineral to protein ratio is tightly controlled via proteins which aid in collagen conformation and mineral sequestration. Here we show that one can mimic this process in vitro via the combination of materials selection and morphology. The material chemistry is shown to induce genetic upregulation the genes responsible for collagen and osteocalcin, while Raman spectroscopy confirms the translation and adsorption the proteins on the substrate. But, we show that the simple presence of collagen is not enough to template actual biomineral deposition similar to that found in vivo. Mineral deposition is a complicated process templated on collagen bundles and mediated by specific sibling proteins that determine the protein to mineral ratio. Here we show that surface curvature can reduce the barrier to collagen bundle formation, directing DPSC differentiation along odontogenic lineage, and subsequently templating actual dentin, comparable to that found in vivo in human teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Kuan-Che Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Ya-Chen Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Chung-Cheuh Chang
- ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Marcia Simon
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ozawa M. Nonmuscle myosin IIA is involved in recruitment of apical junction components through activation of α-catenin. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.031369. [PMID: 29654115 PMCID: PMC5992523 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MDCK dog kidney epithelial cells express two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II, IIA and IIB. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we established cells in which the IIA gene was ablated. These cells were then transfected with a vector that expresses GFP-IIA chimeric molecule under the control of a tetracycline-responsible element. In the absence of Dox (doxycyclin), when GFP-IIA is expressed (GFP-IIA+), the cells exhibit epithelial cell morphology, but in the presence of Dox, when expression of GFP-IIA is repressed (GFP-IIA-), the cells lose epithelial morphology and strong cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with these observations, GFP-IIA- cells failed to assemble junction components such as E-cadherin, desmoplakin, and occludin at cell-cell contact sites. Therefore, IIA is required for assembly of junction complexes. MDCK cells with an ablation of the α-catenin gene also exhibited the same phenotype. However, when in GFP-IIA- cells expressed α-catenin lacking the inhibitory region or E-cadherin/α-catenin chimeras, the cells acquired the ability to establish the junction complex. These experiments reveal that IIA acts as an activator of α-catenin in junction assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ozawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sakakibara S, Maruo T, Miyata M, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Requirement of the F-actin-binding activity of l-afadin for enhancing the formation of adherens and tight junctions. Genes Cells 2018; 23:185-199. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakakibara
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang DL, Bax NA, Buckley CD, Weis WI, Dunn AR. Vinculin forms a directionally asymmetric catch bond with F-actin. Science 2017; 357:703-706. [PMID: 28818948 PMCID: PMC5821505 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is an actin-binding protein thought to reinforce cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. However, how mechanical load affects the vinculin-F-actin bond is unclear. Using a single-molecule optical trap assay, we found that vinculin forms a force-dependent catch bond with F-actin through its tail domain, but with lifetimes that depend strongly on the direction of the applied force. Force toward the pointed (-) end of the actin filament resulted in a bond that was maximally stable at 8 piconewtons, with a mean lifetime (12 seconds) 10 times as long as the mean lifetime when force was applied toward the barbed (+) end. A computational model of lamellipodial actin dynamics suggests that the directionality of the vinculin-F-actin bond could establish long-range order in the actin cytoskeleton. The directional and force-stabilized binding of vinculin to F-actin may be a mechanism by which adhesion complexes maintain front-rear asymmetry in migrating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Huang
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas A Bax
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Craig D Buckley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William I Weis
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Pascalis C, Etienne-Manneville S. Single and collective cell migration: the mechanics of adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1833-1846. [PMID: 28684609 PMCID: PMC5541834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and physical properties of the environment control cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in the long term. However, to be able to move and migrate through a complex three-dimensional environment, cells must quickly adapt in the short term to the physical properties of their surroundings. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur through focal adhesions or hemidesmosomes via the engagement of integrins with fibrillar ECM proteins. Cells also interact with their neighbors, and this involves various types of intercellular adhesive structures such as tight junctions, cadherin-based adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Mechanobiology studies have shown that cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions participate in mechanosensing to transduce mechanical cues into biochemical signals and conversely are responsible for the transmission of intracellular forces to the extracellular environment. As they migrate, cells use these adhesive structures to probe their surroundings, adapt their mechanical properties, and exert the appropriate forces required for their movements. The focus of this review is to give an overview of recent developments showing the bidirectional relationship between the physical properties of the environment and the cell mechanical responses during single and collective cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Pascalis
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pape AC, Ippel BD, Dankers PYW. Cell and Protein Fouling Properties of Polymeric Mixtures Containing Supramolecular Poly(ethylene glycol) Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4076-4082. [PMID: 28363017 PMCID: PMC5413964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fouling properties of new biomaterials are important for the performance of a material in a biological environment. Here, a set of three supramolecular polymeric additives consisting of ureidopyrimidinone (UPy)-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (UPyPEG) were formulated with UPy-modified polycaprolactone into thin supramolecular material films. The antifouling properties of these material films were determined by investigation of the relation of cell adhesion and protein adsorption on these materials films. The presence of the UPyPEG additives at the surface of the films was evident by an increased hydrophilicity. Adhesion of human epithelial and endothelial cells was strongly reduced for two of the UPyPEG-containing films. Analysis of adsorption of the first three proteins from the Vroman series, albumin, γ-globulin, and fibrinogen, using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation in combination with viscoelastic modeling, revealed that the surfaces containing the UPyPEG additives had a limited effect on adsorption of these proteins. Despite a limited reduction of protein adsorption, UPyPEG-containing mixtures were non-cell-adhesive, which shows that non-cell-adhesive properties of supramolecular polymer surfaces are not always directly correlated to protein adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. C.
H. Pape
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan D. Ippel
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma Q, Yang L, Jiang Z, Song Q, Xiao M, Zhang D, Ma X, Wen T, Cheng G. Three-Dimensional Stiff Graphene Scaffold on Neural Stem Cells Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34227-34233. [PMID: 27998102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical cues of the scaffolds, elasticity, and stiffness significantly guide adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. In addressable microenvironments constructed by three-dimensional graphene foams (3D-GFs), neural stem cells (NSCs) interact with and respond to the structural geometry and mechanical properties of porous scaffolds. Our studies aim to investigate NSC behavior on the various stiffness of 3D-GFs. Two kinds of 3D-GFs scaffolds present soft and stiff properties with elasticity moduli of 30 and 64 kPa, respectively. Stiff scaffold enhanced NSC attachment and proliferation with vinculin and integrin gene expression were up-regulated by 2.3 and 1.5 folds, respectively, compared with the soft one. Meanwhile, up-regulated Ki67 expression and almost no variation of nestin expression in a group of the stiff scaffold were observed, implying that the stiff substrate fosters NSC growth and keeps the cells in an active stem state. Furthermore, NSCs grown on stiff scaffold exhibited enhanced differentiation to astrocytes. Interestingly, differentiated neurons on stiff scaffold are suppressed since growth associated protein-43 expression was significantly improved by 5.5 folds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Miao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maartens AP, Wellmann J, Wictome E, Klapholz B, Green H, Brown NH. Drosophila vinculin is more harmful when hyperactive than absent, and can circumvent integrin to form adhesion complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4354-4365. [PMID: 27737911 PMCID: PMC5201009 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is a highly conserved protein involved in cell adhesion and mechanotransduction, and both gain and loss of its activity causes defective cell behaviour. Here, we examine how altering vinculin activity perturbs integrin function within the context of Drosophila development. Whereas loss of vinculin produced relatively minor phenotypes, gain of vinculin activity, through a loss of head–tail autoinhibition, caused lethality. The minimal domain capable of inducing lethality is the talin-binding D1 domain, and this appears to require talin-binding activity, as lethality was suppressed by competition with single vinculin-binding sites from talin. Activated Drosophila vinculin triggered the formation of cytoplasmic adhesion complexes through the rod of talin, but independently of integrin. These complexes contain a subset of adhesion proteins but no longer link the membrane to actin. The negative effects of hyperactive vinculin were segregated into morphogenetic defects caused by its whole head domain and lethality caused by its D1 domain. These findings demonstrate the crucial importance of the tight control of the activity of vinculin. Summary: Development is more sensitive to gain of vinculin activity than its loss, and vinculin can promote cytoplasmic adhesion complexes independently of the usual integrin cue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Maartens
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Jutta Wellmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Emma Wictome
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Benjamin Klapholz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Hannah Green
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Treatment of malignant disease is of paramount importance in modern medicine. In 2012, it was estimated that 162,000 people died from cancer in the UK which illustrates a fundamental problem. Traditional treatments for cancer have various drawbacks, and this creates a considerable need for specific, molecular targets to overcome cancer spread. Epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN) is an actin-associated molecule which has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers including breast, prostate, oesophageal and lung where EPLIN expression is frequently lost as the cancer progresses. EPLIN is important in the regulation of actin dynamics and has multiple associations at epithelial cells junctions. Thus, EPLIN loss in cancer may have significant effects on cancer cell migration and invasion, increasing metastatic potential. Overexpression of EPLIN has proved to be an effective tool for manipulating cancerous traits such as reducing cell growth and cell motility and rendering cells less invasive illustrating the therapeutic potential of EPLIN. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of EPLIN, highlighting EPLIN involvement in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, signalling pathways and implications in cancer and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Collins
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachel Hargest
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Malcolm D Mason
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Che TF, Lin CW, Wu YY, Chen YJ, Han CL, Chang YL, Wu CT, Hsiao TH, Hong TM, Yang PC. Mitochondrial translocation of EGFR regulates mitochondria dynamics and promotes metastasis in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37349-66. [PMID: 26497368 PMCID: PMC4741934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mitochondria is well-known for being associated with cancer progression. In the present study, we analyzed the mitochondria proteomics of lung cancer cell lines with different invasion abilities and found that EGFR is highly expressed in the mitochondria of highly invasive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. EGF induces the mitochondrial translocation of EGFR; further, it leads to mitochondrial fission and redistribution in the lamellipodia, upregulates cellular ATP production, and enhances motility in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, EGFR can regulate mitochondrial dynamics by interacting with Mfn1 and disturbing Mfn1 polymerization. Overexpression of Mfn1 reverses the phenotypes resulting from EGFR mitochondrial translocation. We show that the mitochondrial EGFR expressions are higher in paired samples of the metastatic lymph node as compared with primary lung tumor and are inversely correlated with the overall survival in NSCLC patients. Therefore, our results demonstrate that besides the canonical role of EGFR as a receptor tyrosine, the mitochondrial translocation of EGFR may enhance cancer invasion and metastasis through regulating mitochondria dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fang Che
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-leong Chang
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tu Wu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goldmann WH. Role of vinculin in cellular mechanotransduction. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:241-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Biophysics; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Satav T, Huskens J, Jonkheijm P. Effects of Variations in Ligand Density on Cell Signaling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5184-5199. [PMID: 26292200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple simultaneous interactions between receptors and ligands dictate the extracellular and intracellular activities of cells. The concept of programmable ligand display is generally used to study the interaction between ligands, displayed on surfaces at various densities, with receptors present on cell surfaces. Various strategies are discussed here to display ligands on surfaces to study their effect on cell behavior. Only very few strategies have been reported where this display combines precise control over density with lateral spacing of ligands on surfaces. In this review, selected examples of strategies to control ligand density and spacing and their implications for biological functions of cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Satav
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer is critically needed. The present study was aimed at identifying metastasis-driving genes as potential targets for therapy (oncotargets). A differential gene expression profile of metastatic LTL-313H and non-metastatic LTL-313B prostate cancer tissue xenografts, derived from one patient's specimen, was subjected to integrative analysis using the Ingenuity Upstream Regulator Analysis tool. Six candidate master regulatory genes were identified, including GATA2, a gene encoding a pioneer factor, a special transcription factor facilitating the recruitment of additional transcription factors. Elevated GATA2 expression in metastatic prostate cancer tissues correlated with poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, GATA2 gene silencing in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells led to a marked reduction in cell migration, tissue invasion, focal adhesion disassembly and to a dramatic change in cell transcriptomes, indicating that GATA2 plays a critical role in prostate cancer metastasis. As such, GATA2 could represent a prostate cancer metastasis-driving gene and a potential target for therapy of metastatic prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A-549 ATCC Is Differentially Affected by Supranutritional Organic and Inorganic Selenium. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2014; 2014:923834. [PMID: 25477771 PMCID: PMC4244949 DOI: 10.1155/2014/923834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of organic and inorganic forms of selenium (Se) on human cells have been extensively studied for nutritional concentrations; however, to date, little is known about the potential toxicity at supranutritional levels. In the present study we determined the effects of sodium selenite (SSe) and selenomethionine (SeMet) on cell growth and intracellular structures in lung cancer cells exposed at Se concentrations between 0 and 3 mM. Our results showed that SSe affected cell growth more rapidly than SeMet (24 h and 48 h, resp.). After 24 h of cells exposure to 0.5, 1.5, and 3 mM SSe, cell growth was reduced by 10, 50, and 60%, as compared to controls. After 48 h, nuclear fragmentation was evident in cells exposed to SSe, suggesting an induction to cell death. In contrast, SeMet did not affect cell proliferation, and the cells were phenotypically similar to controls. Microtubules and microfilaments structures were also affected by both Se compounds, again SSe being more toxic than SeMet. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the differential effects of organic and inorganic Se in supranutritional levels in lung cancer cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Azorín E, Romero-Pérez B, Solano-Agama C, de la Vega MT, Toriz CG, Reyes-Márquez B, González-Pozos S, Rosales-García VH, Del Pliego MG, Sabanero M, Mendoza-Garrido ME. GH3 tumor pituitary cell cytoskeleton and plasma membrane arrangement are determined by extracellular matrix proteins: implications on motility, proliferation and hormone secretion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 6:66-83. [PMID: 25057334 PMCID: PMC4106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) influences different physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the cell. The ECM consists in a complex network of macromolecules with characteristic biochemical properties that allow cells to sense their environments inducing different signals and changing cell behavior. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the participation of different ECM proteins in cell morphology and its implication on motility, proliferation and hormone secretion in GH3 cells, a tumor pituitary cell. GH3 cells were cultured with a defined medium on collagens I/III and IV, fibronectin and laminin. GH3 cells express α2 integrin subunit de novo. The cells responded to the ECM proteins with differentiated cell surface morphologies and membrane protrusions. A rounded shape with small membrane blebs, weak substrate adhesion and high motility was observed in cells on C I/III and fibronectin, while on C IV and laminin cells were viewed elongated and adhered. Differences on actin cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal-associated vinculin and phospho-MLC showed that ECM proteins determine the cytoskeleton organization. Cell proliferation showed dependency on the ECM protein, observing a higher rate in cells on collagen I/III. Prolactin secretion was higher in cells with small blebs, but an unchangeable response to EGF was obtained with the ECM proteins, suggesting is a consequence of cortical actin arrangement. We ascribe the functional differences of the GH3 cells to the cytoskeletal organization. Overall, the data showed that ECM plays a critical role in GH3 cells modulating different cellular comportment and evidenced the importance of the ECM composition of pituitary adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Azorín
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Romero-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Solano-Agama
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María T de la Vega
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César G Toriz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Reyes-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bays JL, Peng X, Tolbert CE, Guilluy C, Angell AE, Pan Y, Superfine R, Burridge K, DeMali KA. Vinculin phosphorylation differentially regulates mechanotransduction at cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:251-63. [PMID: 24751539 PMCID: PMC4003237 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201309092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin phosphorylation on residue Y822 is necessary for cell stiffening in response to tension on cadherins but not integrins. Cells experience mechanical forces throughout their lifetimes. Vinculin is critical for transmitting these forces, yet how it achieves its distinct functions at cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions remains unanswered. Here, we show vinculin is phosphorylated at Y822 in cell–cell, but not cell–matrix, adhesions. Phosphorylation at Y822 was elevated when forces were applied to E-cadherin and was required for vinculin to integrate into the cadherin complex. The mutation Y822F ablated these activities and prevented cells from stiffening in response to forces on E-cadherin. In contrast, Y822 phosphorylation was not required for vinculin functions in cell–matrix adhesions, including integrin-induced cell stiffening. Finally, forces applied to E-cadherin activated Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate vinculin; Abl inhibition mimicked the loss of vinculin phosphorylation. These data reveal an unexpected regulatory mechanism in which vinculin Y822 phosphorylation determines whether cadherins transmit force and provides a paradigm for how a shared component of adhesions can produce biologically distinct functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bays
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Roy J. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun T, Li S, Ren H. Profilin as a regulator of the membrane-actin cytoskeleton interface in plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:512. [PMID: 24391654 PMCID: PMC3867660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane structures and cytoskeleton dynamics are intimately inter-connected in the eukaryotic cell. Recently, the molecular mechanisms operating at this interface have been progressively addressed. Many experiments have revealed that the actin cytoskeleton can interact with membranes through various discrete membrane domains. The actin-binding protein, profilin has been proven to inhibit actin polymerization and to promote F-actin elongation. This is dependent on many factors, such as the profilin/G-actin ratio and the ionic environment of the cell. Additionally, profilin has specific domains that interact with phosphoinositides and poly-L-proline rich proteins; theoretically, this gives profilin the opportunity to interact with membranes, and a large number of experiments have confirmed this possibility. In this article, we summarize recent findings in plant cells, and discuss the evidence of the connections among actin cytoskeleton, profilin and biomembranes through direct or indirect relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiyun Ren
- *Correspondence: Haiyun Ren, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
George MD, Wine RN, Lackford B, Kissling GE, Akiyama SK, Olden K, Roberts JD. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase interacts with vinculin at focal adhesions during fatty acid-stimulated cell adhesion. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:404-18. [PMID: 24219282 PMCID: PMC3935246 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid stimulates cell adhesion by activating α2β1 integrins in a process that depends on protein kinases, including p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. Here, we describe the interaction of cytoskeletal components with key signaling molecules that contribute to the spreading of, and morphological changes in, arachidonic acid-treated MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells. Arachidonic acid-treated cells showed increased attachment and spreading on collagen type IV, as measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Fatty acid-treated cells displayed short cortical actin filaments associated with an increased number of β1 integrin-containing pseudopodia, whereas untreated cells displayed elongated stress fibers and fewer clusters of β1 integrins. Confocal microscopy of arachidonic acid-treated cells showed that vinculin and phospho-p38 both appeared enriched in pseudopodia and at the tips of actin filaments, and fluorescence ratio imaging indicated the increase was specific for the phospho-(active) form of p38. Immunoprecipitates of phospho-p38 from extracts of arachidonic acid-treated cells contained vinculin, and GST-vinculin fusion proteins carrying the central region of vinculin bound phospho-p38, whereas fusion proteins expressing the terminal portions of vinculin did not. These data suggest that phospho-p38 associates with particular domains on critical focal adhesion proteins that are involved in tumor cell adhesion and spreading, and that this association can be regulated by factors in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret D George
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meijer LAT, Zhou H, Chan OYA, Altelaar AFM, Hennrich ML, Mohammed S, Bos JL, Heck AJR. Quantitative global phosphoproteomics of human umbilical vein endothelial cells after activation of the Rap signaling pathway. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:732-49. [PMID: 23403867 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Rap1 is required for proper cell-cell junction formation and also plays a key role in mediating cAMP-induced tightening of adherens junctions and subsequent increased barrier function of endothelial cells. To further study how Rap1 controls barrier function, we performed quantitative global phosphoproteomics in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) prior to and after Rap1 activation by the Epac-selective cAMP analog 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM (007-AM). Tryptic digests were labeled using stable isotope dimethyl labeling, enriched with phosphopeptides by strong cation exchange (SCX), followed by titanium(iv) immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Ti(4+)-IMAC) and analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry. We identified 19 859 unique phosphopeptides containing 17 278 unique phosphosites on 4594 phosphoproteins, providing the largest HUVEC phosphoproteome to date. Of all identified phosphosites, 220 (∼1%) were more than 1.5-fold up- or downregulated upon Rap activation, in two independent experiments. Compatible with the function of Rap1, these alterations were found predominantly in proteins regulating the actin cytoskeleton, cell-cell junctions and cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars A T Meijer
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre for Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leerberg JM, Yap AS. Vinculin, cadherin mechanotransduction and homeostasis of cell-cell junctions. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:817-829. [PMID: 23274283 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion junctions characteristically arise from the cooperative integration of adhesion receptors, cell signalling pathways and the cytoskeleton. This is exemplified by cell-cell interactions mediated by classical cadherin adhesion receptors. These junctions are sites where cadherin adhesion systems functionally couple to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, a process that entails physical interactions with many actin regulators and regulation by cell signalling pathways. Such integration implies a potential role for molecules that may stand at the interface between adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton. One such candidate is the cortical scaffolding protein, vinculin, which is a component of both cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. While its contribution to integrin-based adhesions has been extensively studied, less is known about how vinculin contributes to cell-cell adhesions. A major recent advance has come with the realisation that cadherin adhesions are active mechanical structures, where cadherin serves as part of a mechanotransduction pathway by which junctions sense and elicit cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. Vinculin has emerged as an important element in cadherin mechanotransduction, a perspective that illuminates its role in cell-cell interactions. We now review its role as a cortical scaffold and its role in cadherin mechanotransduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Leerberg
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Herrick WG, Nguyen TV, Sleiman M, McRae S, Emrick TS, Peyton SR. PEG-Phosphorylcholine Hydrogels As Tunable and Versatile Platforms for Mechanobiology. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2294-304. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400418g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William G. Herrick
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Institute for Cellular Engineering, §Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, ∥Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and ⊥Molecular and Cellular Biology
Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thuy V. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Institute for Cellular Engineering, §Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, ∥Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and ⊥Molecular and Cellular Biology
Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Marianne Sleiman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Institute for Cellular Engineering, §Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, ∥Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and ⊥Molecular and Cellular Biology
Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Samantha McRae
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Institute for Cellular Engineering, §Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, ∥Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and ⊥Molecular and Cellular Biology
Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd S. Emrick
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Institute for Cellular Engineering, §Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, ∥Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and ⊥Molecular and Cellular Biology
Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Institute for Cellular Engineering, §Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, ∥Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and ⊥Molecular and Cellular Biology
Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dufour S, Mège RM, Thiery JP. α-catenin, vinculin, and F-actin in strengthening E-cadherin cell-cell adhesions and mechanosensing. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:345-50. [PMID: 23739176 PMCID: PMC3739810 DOI: 10.4161/cam.25139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical cadherins play a crucial role in establishing intercellular adhesion, regulating cortical tension, and maintaining mechanical coupling between cells. The mechanosensitive regulation of intercellular adhesion strengthening depends on the recruitment of adhesion complexes at adhesion sites and their anchoring to the actin cytoskeleton. Thus, the molecular mechanisms coupling cadherin-associated complexes to the actin cytoskeleton are actively being studied, with a particular focus on α-catenin and vinculin. We have recently addressed the role of these proteins by analyzing the consequences of their depletion and the expression of α-catenin mutants in the formation and strengthening of cadherin-mediated adhesions. We have used the dual pipette assay to measure the forces required to separate cell doublets formed in suspension. In this commentary, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the role of α-catenin and vinculin in cadherin-actin cytoskeletal interactions. These data shed light on the tension-dependent contribution of α-catenin and vinculin in a mechanoresponsive complex that promotes the connection between cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton and their requirement in the development of adhesion strengthening.
Collapse
|
33
|
Goldmann WH, Auernheimer V, Thievessen I, Fabry B. Vinculin, cell mechanics and tumour cell invasion. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:397-405. [PMID: 23494917 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein, vinculin, is important for transmitting mechanical forces and orchestrating mechanical signalling events. Deregulation of vinculin results in altered cell adhesion, contractility, motility and growth, all of which are important processes in cancer metastasis. This review summarises recent reports on the role of vinculin in cellular force generation and signalling, and discusses implications for a role of vinculin in promoting cancer cell migration in 3D environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Biophysics Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thomas WA, Boscher C, Chu YS, Cuvelier D, Martinez-Rico C, Seddiki R, Heysch J, Ladoux B, Thiery JP, Mege RM, Dufour S. α-Catenin and vinculin cooperate to promote high E-cadherin-based adhesion strength. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4957-69. [PMID: 23266828 PMCID: PMC3576099 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining cell cohesiveness within tissues requires that intercellular adhesions develop sufficient strength to support traction forces applied by myosin motors and by neighboring cells. Cadherins are transmembrane receptors that mediate intercellular adhesion. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain recruits several partners, including catenins and vinculin, at sites of cell-cell adhesion. Our study used force measurements to address the role of αE-catenin and vinculin in the regulation of the strength of E-cadherin-based adhesion. αE-catenin-deficient cells display only weak aggregation and fail to strengthen intercellular adhesion over time, a process rescued by the expression of αE-catenin or chimeric E-cadherin·αE-catenins, including a chimera lacking the αE-catenin dimerization domain. Interestingly, an αE-catenin mutant lacking the modulation and actin-binding domains restores cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts but cannot strengthen intercellular adhesion. The expression of αE-catenin mutated in its vinculin-binding site is defective in its ability to rescue cadherin-based adhesion strength in cells lacking αE-catenin. Vinculin depletion or the overexpression of the αE-catenin modulation domain strongly decreases E-cadherin-mediated adhesion strength. This supports the notion that both molecules are required for intercellular contact maturation. Furthermore, stretching of cell doublets increases vinculin recruitment and α18 anti-αE-catenin conformational epitope immunostaining at cell-cell contacts. Taken together, our results indicate that αE-catenin and vinculin cooperatively support intercellular adhesion strengthening, probably via a mechanoresponsive link between the E-cadherin·β-catenin complexes and the underlying actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Thomas
- From the Department of Natural Sciences, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, New Hampshire 03257
- the Institut Curie/CNRS UMR144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Cécile Boscher
- the Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris 75005, France
- INSERM, U 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yeh-Shiu Chu
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
| | | | | | - Rima Seddiki
- the Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris 75005, France
- INSERM, U 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, France
- the Laboratoire MSC, Université Paris 7, Paris 75013, France, and
| | - Julie Heysch
- the Institut Curie/CNRS UMR144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- the Laboratoire MSC, Université Paris 7, Paris 75013, France, and
- the Mechanobiology Institute, 117411 Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore
- the Mechanobiology Institute, 117411 Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, 117599 Singapore, and
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - René-Marc Mege
- the Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris 75005, France
- INSERM, U 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koepsel JT, Loveland SG, Schwartz MP, Zorn S, Belair DG, Le NN, Murphy WL. A chemically-defined screening platform reveals behavioral similarities between primary human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1508-21. [PMID: 23147838 PMCID: PMC3543770 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemically defined substrates, which rigorously control protein-surface and cell-surface interactions, can be used to probe the effects of specific biomolecules on cell behavior. Here we combined a chemically-defined, array-based format with automated, time-lapse microscopy to efficiently screen cell-substrate interactions. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) units and reactive terminal groups were used to present cell adhesion peptides while minimizing non-specific protein interactions. Specifically, we describe rapid fabrication of arrays of 1 mm spots, which present varied densities of the integrin-binding ligand Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP). Results indicate that cell attachment, cell spreading, and proliferation exhibit strong dependencies on GRGDSP density for both human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, relative spreading and proliferation over a broad range of GRGDSP densities were similar for both primary cell types, and detailed comparison between cell behaviors identified a 1 : 1 correlation between spreading and proliferation for both HUVECs and hMSCs. Finally, time-lapse microscopy of SAM arrays revealed distinct adhesion-dependent migratory behaviors for HUVECs and hMSCs. These results demonstrate the benefits of using an array-based screening platform for investigating cell function. While the proof-of-concept focuses on simple cellular properties, the quantitative similarities observed for hMSCs and HUVECs provides a direct example of how phenomena that would not easily be predicted can be shown to correlate between different cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Koepsel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tominaga E, Yuasa K, Shimazaki S, Hijikata T. MicroRNA-1 targets Slug and endows lung cancer A549 cells with epithelial and anti-tumorigenic properties. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:77-88. [PMID: 23142026 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) has recently been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor. Its functional relevance was assessed by exploring structural and tumorigenic properties of lung cancer A549 cells stably transduced with retrovirus containing pre-miR-1. A549 cells overexpressing miR-1 exhibited a significant morphological change from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype characterized by cell polarization and intercellular junctions. The cells showed increased expression of E-cadherin, which colocalized with cortical actin filaments and vinculin to form typical adherens junction at the apical regions of intercellular borders. Additionally, they exhibited occludin-positive tight junctions at similar apical regions. Moreover, their migratory and invasive activities were inhibited, and their sensitivity to doxorubicin was increased slightly compared to control mock-infected cells. These structural and tumorigenic properties induced by miR-1 were associated with the reduced expression of Slug, which was a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin or an inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Consistently, Slug was identified as a miR-1 target by bioinformatics and a luciferase reporter assay with plasmids containing luciferase-Slug 3'UTR. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that re-expression of miR-1 may be an effective therapy that prevents cancer malignancy by converting cells from a mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial phenotype via the downregulation of Slug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tominaga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Geiger T, Zaidel-Bar R. Opening the floodgates: proteomics and the integrin adhesome. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:562-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
Twiss F, Le Duc Q, Van Der Horst S, Tabdili H, Van Der Krogt G, Wang N, Rehmann H, Huveneers S, Leckband DE, De Rooij J. Vinculin-dependent Cadherin mechanosensing regulates efficient epithelial barrier formation. Biol Open 2012; 1:1128-40. [PMID: 23213393 PMCID: PMC3507192 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of the formation and stabilization of epithelial cell–cell adhesion is crucial in embryonic morphogenesis and tissue repair processes. Defects in this process lead to organ malformation and defective epithelial barrier function. A combination of chemical and mechanical cues is used by cells to drive this process. We have investigated the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its connection to cell–cell junction complexes in the formation of an epithelial barrier in MDCK cells. We find that the E-cadherin complex is sufficient to mediate a functional link between cell–cell contacts and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. This link involves the actin binding capacity of α-catenin and the recruitment of the mechanosensitive protein Vinculin to tensile, punctate cell–cell junctions that connect to radial F-actin bundles, which we name Focal Adherens Junctions (FAJ). When cell–cell adhesions mature, these FAJs disappear and linear junctions are formed that do not contain Vinculin. The rapid phase of barrier establishment (as measured by Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TER)) correlates with the presence of FAJs. Moreover, the rate of barrier establishment is delayed when actomyosin contraction is blocked or when Vinculin recruitment to the Cadherin complex is prevented. Enhanced presence of Vinculin increases the rate of barrier formation. We conclude that E-cadherin-based FAJs connect forming cell–cell adhesions to the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton. These specialized junctions are sites of Cadherin mechanosensing, which, through the recruitment of Vinculin, is a driving force in epithelial barrier formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floor Twiss
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Centre Utrecht , PO Box 85164, 3508 AD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huber RJ, O'Day DH. EGF-like peptide-enhanced cell movement in Dictyostelium is mediated by protein kinases and the activity of several cytoskeletal proteins. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1770-80. [PMID: 22588127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
40
|
Balse E, Steele DF, Abriel H, Coulombe A, Fedida D, Hatem SN. Dynamic of Ion Channel Expression at the Plasma Membrane of Cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1317-58. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes are characterized by distinct structural and functional entities involved in the generation and transmission of the action potential and the excitation-contraction coupling process. Key to their function is the specific organization of ion channels and transporters to and within distinct membrane domains, which supports the anisotropic propagation of the depolarization wave. This review addresses the current knowledge on the molecular actors regulating the distinct trafficking and targeting mechanisms of ion channels in the highly polarized cardiac myocyte. In addition to ubiquitous mechanisms shared by other excitable cells, cardiac myocytes show unique specialization, illustrated by the molecular organization of myocyte-myocyte contacts, e.g., the intercalated disc and the gap junction. Many factors contribute to the specialization of the cardiac sarcolemma and the functional expression of cardiac ion channels, including various anchoring proteins, motors, small GTPases, membrane lipids, and cholesterol. The discovery of genetic defects in some of these actors, leading to complex cardiac disorders, emphasizes the importance of trafficking and targeting of ion channels to cardiac function. A major challenge in the field is to understand how these and other actors work together in intact myocytes to fine-tune ion channel expression and control cardiac excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Balse
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Heart and Metabolism Division, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S956, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Clinical Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David F. Steele
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Heart and Metabolism Division, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S956, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Clinical Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Heart and Metabolism Division, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S956, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Clinical Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Coulombe
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Heart and Metabolism Division, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S956, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Clinical Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Fedida
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Heart and Metabolism Division, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S956, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Clinical Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane N. Hatem
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Heart and Metabolism Division, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S956, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Clinical Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Feng L, Manavalan A, Mishra M, Sze SK, Hu JM, Heese K. Tianma modulates blood vessel tonicity. Open Biochem J 2012; 6:56-65. [PMID: 22787517 PMCID: PMC3391654 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01206010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tianma is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often used for the treatment of hypertension and heart diseases. To elucidate the function of tianma at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of tianma on vascular functions and aortic protein metabolism. We found that long-term treatment with tianma (~2.5g/kg/day for three months) in one-year-old rats could enhance acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings against both KCl (80 mM)- and phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction. By using the iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification) technique, we confirmed from the functional data at the proteome level that tianma treatment down-regulated the expressions of contractile proteins (e.g. Acta2) and other related structural proteins (e.g. desmin), and up-regulated the expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins (e.g. Fbln5) and anti-thrombotic proteins (e.g. Anxa2) in aortic tissue. By inductive reasoning, tianma could perform its vasodilatory effect not only by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction, but also by enhancing blood vessel elasticity and stabilizing the arterial structure. Thus, tianma might become a novel therapeutic herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases by regulating the aortic proteome metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Caccia S, Grimaldi A, Casartelli M, Falabella P, de Eguileor M, Pennacchio F, Giordana B. Functional analysis of a fatty acid binding protein produced by Aphidius ervi teratocytes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:621-627. [PMID: 22226822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an endophagous parasitoid of various aphid species, including Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera, Aphididae), the model host used in the present study. Parasitized hosts show a marked increase of their nutritional suitability for the developing parasitoid larvae. This alteration of the biochemical and metabolic profile is due to a castration process mediated by the combined action of the venom, injected at the oviposition, and of the teratocytes, cells deriving from the dissociation of the embryonic membrane. Teratocytes produce and release in the host haemocoel two parasitism-specific proteins, which are of crucial importance for the development of their sister larvae. One of the proteins is a fatty acid binding protein (Ae-FABP), which shows a high affinity for C14-C18 saturated fatty acids (FAs) and for oleic and arachidonic acids. To better define the possible nutritional role of this protein, we have studied its immunolocalization profile in vivo and the impact on FA uptake by the epidermal and midgut epithelia of A. ervi larvae. During the exponential growth of A. ervi larvae, Ae-FABP is distributed around discrete lipid particles, which are abundantly present in the haemocoel of parasitized host aphids and in the midgut lumen of parasitoid larvae. Moreover, a strong immunodetection signal is evident on the surface of the two larval epithelia involved in nutrient absorption: the parasitoid midgut epithelium and the external epidermal layer. These two epithelia can effectively absorb radiolabelled myristic acid, but the FA transport rates are not affected by the presence in the medium of Ae-FABP. The protein appears to act essentially as a vector in the host haemolymph, transferring FAs from the digestion sites of host lipids to the growing parasitoid larvae. These data indicate that the proteins produced by A. ervi teratocytes may play complementary roles in the nutritional exploitation of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caccia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hanein D, Horwitz AR. The structure of cell-matrix adhesions: the new frontier. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2011; 24:134-40. [PMID: 22196929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adhesions between the cell and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are mechanosensitive multi-protein assemblies that transmit force across the cell membrane and regulate biochemical signals in response to the chemical and mechanical environment. These combined functions in force transduction, signaling and mechanosensing contribute to cellular phenotypes that span development, homeostasis and disease. These adhesions form, mature and disassemble in response to actin organization and physical forces that originate from endogenous myosin activity or external forces by the extracellular matrix. Despite advances in our understanding of the protein composition, interactions and regulation, our understanding of matrix adhesion structure and organization, how forces affect this organization, and how these changes dictate specific signaling events is limited. Insights across multiple structural levels are acutely needed to elucidate adhesion structure and ultimately the molecular basis of signaling and mechanotransduction. Here we describe the challenges and recent advances and prospects for unraveling the structure of cell-matrix adhesions and their response to force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Hanein
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bokstad M, Sabanay H, Dahan I, Geiger B, Medalia O. Reconstructing adhesion structures in tissues by cryo-electron tomography of vitrified frozen sections. J Struct Biol 2011; 178:76-83. [PMID: 22085747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryo-electron tomography enables three-dimensional insights into the macromolecular architecture of cells in a close-to-life state. However, it is limited to thin specimens, <1.0 μm in thickness, typically restricted to the peripheral areas of intact eukaryotic cells. Analysis of tissue ultrastructure, on the other hand, requires physical sectioning approaches, preferably cryo-sectioning, following which electron tomography (ET) may be performed. Nevertheless, cryo-electron microscopy of vitrified sections is a demanding technique and typically cannot be used to examine thick sections, >80-100 nm, due to surface crevasses. Here, we explore the potential use of cryo-ET of vitrified frozen sections (VFSs) for imaging cell adhesions in chicken smooth muscle and mouse epithelial tissues. By investigating 300-400 nm thick sections, which are collected on the EM grid and re-vitrified, we resolved fine 3D structural details of the membrane-associated dense plaques and flanking caveoli in smooth muscle tissue, and desmosomal adhesions in stratified epithelium. Technically, this method offers a simple approach for reconstructing thick volumes of hydrated frozen sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bokstad
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alexander MR, Owens GK. Epigenetic control of smooth muscle cell differentiation and phenotypic switching in vascular development and disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2011; 74:13-40. [PMID: 22017177 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) in adult animals is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. However, this cell displays remarkable plasticity and can undergo profound changes in phenotype during repair of vascular injury, during remodeling in response to altered blood flow, or in various disease states. There has been extensive progress in recent years in our understanding of the complex mechanisms that control SMC differentiation and phenotypic plasticity, including the demonstration that epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role. In addition, recent evidence indicates that SMC phenotypic switching in adult animals involves the reactivation of embryonic stem cell pluripotency genes and that mesenchymal stem cells may be derived from SMC and/or pericytes. This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge in this field and identifies some of the key unresolved challenges and questions that we feel require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Alexander
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Taguchi K, Ishiuchi T, Takeichi M. Mechanosensitive EPLIN-dependent remodeling of adherens junctions regulates epithelial reshaping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 194:643-56. [PMID: 21844208 PMCID: PMC3160587 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The F-actin–stabilizing protein EPLIN is a mechanosensitive regulator of adherens junction remodeling in epithelial cells. The zonula adherens (ZA), a type of adherens junction (AJ), plays a major role in epithelial cell–cell adhesions. It remains unknown how the ZA is remodeled during epithelial reorganization. Here we found that the ZA was converted to another type of AJ with punctate morphology (pAJ) at the margins of epithelial colonies. The F-actin–stabilizing protein EPLIN (epithelial protein lost in neoplasm), which functions to maintain the ZA via its association with αE-catenin, was lost in the pAJs. Consistently, a fusion of αE-catenin and EPLIN contributed to the formation of ZA but not pAJs. We show that junctional tension was important for retaining EPLIN at AJs, and another force derived from actin fibers laterally attached to the pAJs inhibited EPLIN–AJ association. Vinculin was required for general AJ formation, and it cooperated with EPLIN to maintain the ZA. These findings suggest that epithelial cells remodel their junctional architecture by responding to mechanical forces, and the αE-catenin–bound EPLIN acts as a mechanosensitive regulator for this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Park H, Lee JH, Gouin E, Cossart P, Izard T. The rickettsia surface cell antigen 4 applies mimicry to bind to and activate vinculin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:35096-103. [PMID: 21841197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.263855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Rickettsia species cause high morbidity and mortality, especially R. prowazekii, the causative agent of typhus. Like many intracellular pathogens, Rickettsia exploit the cytoskeleton to enter and spread within the host cell. Here we report that the cell surface antigen sca4 of Rickettsia co-localizes with vinculin in cells at sites of focal adhesions in sca4-transfected cells and that sca4 binds to and activates vinculin through two vinculin binding sites (VBSs) that are conserved across all Rickettsia. Remarkably, this occurs through molecular mimicry of the vinculin-talin interaction that is also seen with the IpaA invasin of the intracellular pathogen Shigella, where binding of these VBSs to the vinculin seven-helix bundle head domain (Vh1) displaces intramolecular interactions with the vinculin tail domain that normally clamp vinculin in an inactive state. Finally, the vinculin·sca4-VBS crystal structures reveal that vinculin adopts a new conformation when bound to the C-terminal VBS of sca4. Collectively, our data define the mechanism by which sca4 activates vinculin and interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, and they suggest important roles for vinculin in Rickettsia pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HaJeung Park
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Niessen CM, Leckband D, Yap AS. Tissue organization by cadherin adhesion molecules: dynamic molecular and cellular mechanisms of morphogenetic regulation. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:691-731. [PMID: 21527735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cadherin-based tissue morphogenesis. Tissue physiology is profoundly influenced by the distinctive organizations of cells in organs and tissues. In metazoa, adhesion receptors of the classical cadherin family play important roles in establishing and maintaining such tissue organization. Indeed, it is apparent that cadherins participate in a range of morphogenetic events that range from support of tissue integrity to dynamic cellular rearrangements. A comprehensive understanding of cadherin-based morphogenesis must then define the molecular and cellular mechanisms that support these distinct cadherin biologies. Here we focus on four key mechanistic elements: the molecular basis for adhesion through cadherin ectodomains, the regulation of cadherin expression at the cell surface, cooperation between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton, and regulation by cell signaling. We discuss current progress and outline issues for further research in these fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rangarajan ES, Lee JH, Izard T. Apo raver1 structure reveals distinct RRM domain orientations. Protein Sci 2011; 20:1464-70. [PMID: 21633983 DOI: 10.1002/pro.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Raver1 is a multifunctional protein that modulates both alternative splicing and focal adhesion assembly by binding to the nucleoplasmic splicing repressor polypyrimidine tract protein (PTB) or to the cytoskeletal proteins vinculin and α-actinin. The amino-terminal region of raver1 has three RNA recognition motif (RRM1, RRM2, and RRM3) domains, and RRM1 interacts with the vinculin tail (Vt) domain and vinculin mRNA. We previously determined the crystal structure of the raver1 RRM1-3 domains in complex with Vt at 2.75 Å resolution. Here, we report crystal structure of the unbound raver1 RRM1-3 domains at 2 Å resolution. The apo structure reveals that a bound sulfate ion disrupts an electrostatic interaction between the RRM1 and RRM2 domains, triggering a large relative domain movement of over 30°. Superposition with other RNA-bound RRM structures places the sulfate ion near the superposed RNA phosphate group suggesting that this is the raver1 RNA binding site. While several single and some tandem RRM domain structures have been described, to the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a three-tandem RRM domain structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erumbi S Rangarajan
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
New insights into vinculin function and regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 287:191-231. [PMID: 21414589 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386043-9.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a cytoplasmic actin-binding protein enriched in focal adhesions and adherens junctions that is essential for embryonic development. Much is now known regarding the role of vinculin in governing cell-matrix adhesion. In the past decade that the crystal structure of vinculin and the molecular details for how vinculin regulates adhesion events have emerged. The recent data suggests a critical function for vinculin in regulating integrin clustering, force generation, and strength of adhesion. In addition to an important role in cell-matrix adhesion, vinculin is also emerging as a regulator of apoptosis, Shigella entry into host cells, and cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion. A close inspection of this work reveals that there are similarities between vinculin's role in focal adhesions and these processes and also some intriguing differences.
Collapse
|