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López de Mingo I, Rivera González MX, Maestú Unturbe C. The Cellular Response Is Determined by a Combination of Different ELF-EMF Exposure Parameters: A Scope Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5074. [PMID: 38791113 PMCID: PMC11121623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of regulations for exposure to extremely low-frequency (0-300) Hz electromagnetic fields, scientific opinion has prioritised the hypothesis that the most important parameter determining cellular behaviour has been intensity, ignoring the other exposure parameters (frequency, time, mode, waveform). This has been reflected in the methodologies of the in vitro articles published and the reviews in which they are included. A scope review was carried out, grouping a total of 79 articles that met the proposed inclusion criteria and studying the effects of the different experiments on viability, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the cell cycle. These results have been divided and classified by frequency, intensity, exposure time and exposure mode (continuous/intermittent). The results obtained for each of the processes according to the exposure parameter used are shown graphically to highlight the importance of a good methodology in experimental development and the search for mechanisms of action that explain the experimental results, considering not only the criterion of intensity. The consequence of this is a more than necessary revision of current exposure protection regulations for the general population based on the reductionist criterion of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López de Mingo
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco-Xavier Rivera González
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos (ETSIINF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ceferino Maestú Unturbe
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red—Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Suzuki N, Kakikawa M, Oda Y, Kobayashi-Sun J, Yamada S, Kuroda K, Kobayashi I, Honda M, Matsubara H, Tabuchi Y, Shimizu N, Watanabe K, Hirayama J, Hattori A. Bone regeneration-enhancing effects of extremely low-frequency electromag- netic fields: Analysis using fish scales as a bone model. Biomed Res 2024; 45:187-195. [PMID: 39370297 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.45.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) noninvasively promote fracture healing, prevent osteoporosis, promote diaphyseal growth, enhance differentiation, and stimulate cell division. However, no good model systems for analyzing bone regeneration have been reported. In this study, we examined the in vivo regeneration of scales having osteoblasts and osteoclasts using a new magnetic field generator for exposing aquatic animals to EMFs at a sine-wave frequency of 60 Hz. Goldfish scales were put into a fish-breeding space with the developed magnetic field generator and exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) of 60 Hz at an intensity of 1, 3, and 5 mT for 10 days while being regenerated the scales. After exposure, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities in the goldfish scales were measured as markers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. As a result, both ALP and TRAP activities in regenerating scales exposed to 3 mT ELF-EMFs were higher than those in regenerating scales exposed to 1 and 5 mT ELF-EMFs. Exposure of scales to 3 mT ELF-EMFs significantly enhanced the scale regeneration rate. Exposure of rat calvaria to 3 mT ELF-EMFs also increased both ALP and TRAP activities like in goldfish scales. Thus, we concluded that 3 mT ELF-EMFs contribute to the medical treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Makiko Kakikawa
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Oda
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Sotoshi Yamada
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kuroda
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masato Honda
- Botanical Garden, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shimizu
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Bunkyo University, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan
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Choi D, Lee Y, Lin ZH, Cho S, Kim M, Ao CK, Soh S, Sohn C, Jeong CK, Lee J, Lee M, Lee S, Ryu J, Parashar P, Cho Y, Ahn J, Kim ID, Jiang F, Lee PS, Khandelwal G, Kim SJ, Kim HS, Song HC, Kim M, Nah J, Kim W, Menge HG, Park YT, Xu W, Hao J, Park H, Lee JH, Lee DM, Kim SW, Park JY, Zhang H, Zi Y, Guo R, Cheng J, Yang Z, Xie Y, Lee S, Chung J, Oh IK, Kim JS, Cheng T, Gao Q, Cheng G, Gu G, Shim M, Jung J, Yun C, Zhang C, Liu G, Chen Y, Kim S, Chen X, Hu J, Pu X, Guo ZH, Wang X, Chen J, Xiao X, Xie X, Jarin M, Zhang H, Lai YC, He T, Kim H, Park I, Ahn J, Huynh ND, Yang Y, Wang ZL, Baik JM, Choi D. Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:11087-11219. [PMID: 37219021 PMCID: PMC10312207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment, renewable energy harvesting technologies will serve as a key solution in the near future. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is one of the most promising mechanical energy harvesters by means of contact electrification phenomenon, are explosively developing due to abundant wasting mechanical energy sources and a number of superior advantages in a wide availability and selection of materials, relatively simple device configurations, and low-cost processing. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been achieved toward understanding fundamental behaviors and a wide range of demonstrations since its report in 2012. As a result, considerable technological advancement has been exhibited and it advances the timeline of achievement in the proposed roadmap. Now, the technology has reached the stage of prototype development with verification of performance beyond the lab scale environment toward its commercialization. In this review, distinguished authors in the world worked together to summarize the state of the art in theory, materials, devices, systems, circuits, and applications in TENG fields. The great research achievements of researchers in this field around the world over the past decade are expected to play a major role in coming to fruition of unexpectedly accelerated technological advances over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwhi Choi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Frontier
Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sumin Cho
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Changwan Sohn
- Division
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk
National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
- Department
of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21
FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk
National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
- Department
of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21
FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
| | - Jeongwan Lee
- Department
of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Minbaek Lee
- Department
of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Parag Parashar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yujang Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible
Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gaurav Khandelwal
- Nanomaterials
and System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied
Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 632-43, South Korea
- School
of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, U. K.
| | - Sang-Jae Kim
- Nanomaterials
and System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied
Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 632-43, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Electronic
Materials Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Song
- Electronic
Materials Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU
Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Minje Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 34134, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Junghyo Nah
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 34134, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Habtamu Gebeyehu Menge
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Park
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Xu
- Research
Centre for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hyosik Park
- Department
of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyuck Lee
- Department
of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
- Samsung
Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, 115, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
- SKKU
Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication;
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School
of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunlong Zi
- Thrust
of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Thrust
of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ze Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yannan Xie
- College
of Automation & Artificial Intelligence, State Key Laboratory
of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of
Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu
National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Chung
- Department
of Mechanical Design Engineering, Kumoh
National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, South Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Tinghai Cheng
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Key
Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency
Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and
Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guangqin Gu
- Key
Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency
Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and
Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Minseob Shim
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinjudae-ro, Gaho-dong, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jeehoon Jung
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Changwoo Yun
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Chi Zhang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of
Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxu Liu
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of
Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suhan Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Pu
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Zi Hao Guo
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mourin Jarin
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hulin Zhang
- College
of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University
of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Chih Lai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- i-Center
for Advanced Science and Technology, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation
and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore
| | - Hakjeong Kim
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nghia Dinh Huynh
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Ya Yang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of
Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center
on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
- KIST-SKKU
Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dukhyun Choi
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
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4
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Madore M, Poh E, Bolland SJ, Rivera J, Taylor J, Cheng J, Booth E, Nable M, Heath A, Yesavage J, Rodger J, McNerney MW. Moving back in the brain to drive the field forward: Targeting neurostimulation to different brain regions in animal models of depression and neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 360:109261. [PMID: 34146593 PMCID: PMC8349553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a promising noninvasive therapeutic tool for a variety of brain-related disorders. However, most therapeutic protocols target the anterior regions, leaving many other areas unexplored. There is a substantial therapeutic potential for stimulating various brain regions, which can be optimized in animal models. NEW METHOD We illustrate a method that can be utilized reliably to stimulate the anterior or posterior brain in freely moving rodents. A coil support device is surgically attached onto the skull, which is used for consistent coil placement over the course of up to several weeks of stimulation sessions. RESULTS Our methods provide reliable stimulation in animals without the need for restraint or sedation. We see little aversive effects of support placement and stimulation. Computational models provide evidence that moving the coil support location can be utilized to target major stimulation sites in humans and mice. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS WITH THIS METHOD Animal models are key to optimizing brain stimulation parameters, but research relies on restraint or sedation for consistency in coil placement. The method described here provides a unique means for reliable targeted stimulation in freely moving animals. Research utilizing this method has uncovered changes in biochemical and animal behavioral measurements as a function of brain stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The majority of research on magnetic stimulation focuses on anterior regions. Given the substantial network connectivity throughout the brain, it is critical to develop a reliable method for stimulating different regions. The method described here can be utilized to better inform clinical trials about optimal treatment localization, stimulation intensity and number of treatment sessions, and provides a motivation for exploring posterior brain regions for both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Madore
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eugenia Poh
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Samuel J Bolland
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
| | | | - Joy Taylor
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jauhtai Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Booth
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise ID
| | - Monica Nable
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alesha Heath
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Yesavage
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia
| | - M. Windy McNerney
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Long Y, Li J, Yang F, Wang J, Wang X. Wearable and Implantable Electroceuticals for Therapeutic Electrostimulations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004023. [PMID: 33898184 PMCID: PMC8061371 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable electroceuticals (WIEs) for therapeutic electrostimulation (ES) have become indispensable medical devices in modern healthcare. In addition to functionality, device miniaturization, conformability, biocompatibility, and/or biodegradability are the main engineering targets for the development and clinical translation of WIEs. Recent innovations are mainly focused on wearable/implantable power sources, advanced conformable electrodes, and efficient ES on targeted organs and tissues. Herein, nanogenerators as a hotspot wearable/implantable energy-harvesting technique suitable for powering WIEs are reviewed. Then, electrodes for comfortable attachment and efficient delivery of electrical signals to targeted tissue/organ are introduced and compared. A few promising application directions of ES are discussed, including heart stimulation, nerve modulation, skin regeneration, muscle activation, and assistance to other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Long
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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6
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Hu H, Yang W, Zeng Q, Chen W, Zhu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang B, Shao Z, Zhang Y. Promising application of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) in musculoskeletal disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110767. [PMID: 33152929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that an exogenous electromagnetic field might be involved in many biologic processes which are of great importance for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are known to be a noninvasive, safe and effective therapy agent without apparent side effects. Numerous studies have shown that PEMFs possess the potential to become a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment modality for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, several issues remain unresolved. Prior to their widely clinical application, further researches from well-designed, high-quality studies are still required to standardize the treatment parameters and derive the optimal protocol for health-care decision making. In this review, we aim to provide current evidence on the mechanism of action, clinical applications, and controversies of PEMFs in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Qianwen Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - YanBin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shangyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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7
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Cottrill E, Pennington Z, Ahmed AK, Lubelski D, Goodwin ML, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Westbroek EM, Theodore N, Witham T, Sciubba D. The effect of electrical stimulation therapies on spinal fusion: a cross-disciplinary systematic review and meta-analysis of the preclinical and clinical data. J Neurosurg Spine 2020; 32:106-126. [PMID: 31593923 DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.spine19465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonunion is a common complication of spinal fusion surgeries. Electrical stimulation technologies (ESTs)-namely, direct current stimulation (DCS), capacitive coupling stimulation (CCS), and inductive coupling stimulation (ICS)-have been suggested to improve fusion rates. However, the evidence to support their use is based solely on small trials. Here, the authors report the results of meta-analyses of the preclinical and clinical data from the literature to provide estimates of the overall effect of these therapies at large and in subgroups. METHODS A systematic review of the English-language literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The query of these databases was designed to include all preclinical and clinical studies examining ESTs for spinal fusion. The primary endpoint was the fusion rate at the last follow-up. Meta-analyses were performed using a Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation followed by random-effects modeling. RESULTS A total of 33 articles (17 preclinical, 16 clinical) were identified, of which 11 preclinical studies (257 animals) and 13 clinical studies (2144 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Among preclinical studies, the mean fusion rates were higher among EST-treated animals (OR 4.79, p < 0.001). Clinical studies similarly showed ESTs to increase fusion rates (OR 2.26, p < 0.001). Of EST modalities, only DCS improved fusion rates in both preclinical (OR 5.64, p < 0.001) and clinical (OR 2.13, p = 0.03) populations; ICS improved fusion in clinical studies only (OR 2.45, p = 0.014). CCS was not effective at increasing fusion, although only one clinical study was identified. A subanalysis of the clinical studies found that ESTs increased fusion rates in the following populations: patients with difficult-to-fuse spines, those who smoke, and those who underwent multilevel fusions. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that electrical stimulation devices may produce clinically significant increases in arthrodesis rates among patients undergoing spinal fusion. They also found that the pro-arthrodesis effects seen in preclinical studies are also found in clinical populations, suggesting that findings in animal studies are translatable. Additional research is needed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of these devices.
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8
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Mattsson MO, Simkó M. Emerging medical applications based on non-ionizing electromagnetic fields from 0 Hz to 10 THz. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2019; 12:347-368. [PMID: 31565000 PMCID: PMC6746309 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for using non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF; at frequencies from 0 Hz up to the THz range) for medical purposes has been of interest since many decades. A number of established and familiar methods are in use all over the world. This review, however, provides an overview of applications that already play some clinical role or are in earlier stages of development. The covered methods include modalities used for bone healing, cancer treatment, neurological conditions, and diathermy. In addition, certain other potential clinical areas are touched upon. Most of the reviewed technologies deal with therapy, whereas just a few diagnostic approaches are mentioned. None of the discussed methods are having such a strong impact in their field of use that they would be expected to replace conventional methods. Partly this is due to a knowledge base that lacks mechanistic explanations for EMF effects at low-intensity levels, which often are used in the applications. Thus, the possible optimal use of EMF approaches is restricted. Other reasons for the limited impact include a scarcity of well-performed randomized clinical trials that convincingly show the efficacy of the methods and that standardized user protocols are mostly lacking. Presently, it seems that some EMF-based methods can have a niche role in treatment and diagnostics of certain conditions, mostly as a complement to or in combination with other, more established, methods. Further development and a stronger impact of these technologies need a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between EMF and biological systems at lower intensity levels. The importance of the different physical parameters of the EMF exposure needs also further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats-Olof Mattsson
- SciProof International AB, Östersund, Sweden
- Strömstad Akademi, Institute for Advanced Studies, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Myrtill Simkó
- SciProof International AB, Östersund, Sweden
- Strömstad Akademi, Institute for Advanced Studies, Strömstad, Sweden
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9
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Imani M, Kazemi S, Saviz M, Farahmand L, Sadeghi B, Faraji-Dana R. Morphological Changes Induced By Extremely Low-Frequency Electric Fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:375-390. [PMID: 31157927 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, morphological effects of electric fields on avian erythrocytes (nucleated red blood cells) have been studied in detail. Morphological changes include rounding and cytoplasm transparency. It has been shown that the effect is non-thermal. Careful imaging and image analyses have been carried out to show that the degree of this effect is frequency-dependent, and has a higher conversion rate at higher temperatures. Furthermore, to better understand the mechanisms behind the morphological changes, we investigated the dedifferentiation hypothesis and performed a series of tests on avian erythrocytes including fluorescence spectroscopy for hemoglobin, and tests on human umbilical cord blood, mesenchymal stem cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells including flow-cytometry analysis for expression of certain markers and calcium staining. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:375-390. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Kazemi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Saviz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Sadeghi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faraji-Dana
- INSF Chair of Computational Electromagnetics and Bio-electromagnetics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Shao J, Li Z, Zhou J, Li K, Qin R, Chen K. [Effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on activity of rat calvarial osteoblasts through IGF-1R/NO signaling pathway]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:158-164. [PMID: 31309753 PMCID: PMC8800640 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the maturation and mineralization of rat cranial osteoblasts in vitro and its relation to IGF-1R/NO signaling pathway. METHODS The rat osteoblasts were isolated and cultured in vitro and randomly divided into blank control group, PEMF group, GSK group (IGF-1R blocker) and PEMF+GSK group. The cells were treated with 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMF for 1.5 h/d. After 3 d of PEMF treatment, the expressions of protein kinase (AKT), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) were detected by Western blotting; on 6 d of PEMF treatment alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined; on 12 d of PEMF treatment the calcification nodule formation was demonstrated by Alizarin red staining. RESULTS NO level was significantly increased in rat osteoblasts treated with 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMF for 1.5 h/d. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of AKT, iNOS and PKG protein in PEMF group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01); the ALP activity was increased(P<0.05), and the PEMF group had the largest area of Alizarin red staining (P<0.01). The expressions of AKT, iNOS and PKG protein in GSK group were lower than those in the control group; the ALP activity was decreased (P<0.05), and the GSK group had the least area of Alizarin red staining (P<0.01). The expressions of AKT, iNOS, PKG protein, the ALP activity and the area of Alizarin red staining in PEMF+GSK group were between PEMF group and GSK group. CONCLUSIONS PEMF may enhance the maturation and mineralization of rat cranial osteoblasts in vitro through IGF-1R/NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Shao
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Rong Qin
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Keming Chen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
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11
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Galli C, Pedrazzi G, Guizzardi S. The cellular effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on osteoblasts: A review. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:211-233. [PMID: 30908726 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have long been known to interact with living organisms and their cells and to bear the potential for therapeutic use. Among the most extensively investigated applications, the use of Pulsed EMFs (PEMFs) has proven effective to ameliorate bone healing in several studies, although the evidence is still inconclusive. This is due in part to our still-poor understanding of the mechanisms by which PEMFs act on cells and affect their functions and to an ongoing lack of consensus on the most effective parameters for specific clinical applications. The present review has compared in vitro studies on PEMFs on different osteoblast models, which elucidate potential mechanisms of action for PEMFs, up to the most recent insights into the role of primary cilia, and highlight the critical issues underlying at least some of the inconsistent results in the available literature. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;9999:XX-XX. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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12
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Obayashi-Ishii M, Saito S, Omagari D, Asano M, Ishigami T. A static magnetic field inhibits the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-AA in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:374-380. [PMID: 30146536 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic attachments are commonly used for overdentures. The deleterious effects of exposure to magnetic flux on human health have not been substantiated so far; nevertheless, there is a need to understand the extent of magnetic field exposure in the oral area resulting from the use of magnetic attachments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a magnetic field on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor cells cultured on a magnetic plate were compared with those not cultured on a magnetic plate (controls). The cells were seeded at a density of 1 × 105 cells/well and cultured for 6 days. The influence of the magnetic field on cytokine production was examined by cytokine array analysis. Secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. The expression of PDGF-AA messenger RNA was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas nuclear factor-kappa B activity was measured by luciferase assay. The results indicated that the magnetic field inhibited the secretion of PDGF-AA, thereby inhibiting PDGF-AA-induced expression, thus reducing the risk of cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Obayashi-Ishii
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Satsuki Saito
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Daisuke Omagari
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Tomohiko Ishigami
- Department of Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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13
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The Use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields to Promote Bone Responses to Biomaterials In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:8935750. [PMID: 30254677 PMCID: PMC6140132 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8935750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable biomaterials are extensively used to promote bone regeneration or support endosseous prosthesis in orthopedics and dentistry. Their use, however, would benefit from additional strategies to improve bone responses. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) have long been known to act on osteoblasts and bone, affecting their metabolism, in spite of our poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Hence, we have the hypothesis that PEMFs may also ameliorate cell responses to biomaterials, improving their growth, differentiation, and the expression of a mature phenotype and therefore increasing the tissue integration of the implanted devices and their clinical success. A broad range of settings used for PEMFs stimulation still represents a hurdle to better define treatment protocols and extensive research is needed to overcome this issue. The present review includes studies that investigated the effects of PEMFs on the response of bone cells to different classes of biomaterials and the reports that focused on in vivo investigations of biomaterials implanted in bone.
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14
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Shuai C, Yang W, Peng S, Gao C, Guo W, Lai Y, Feng P. Physical stimulations and their osteogenesis-inducing mechanisms. Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:138. [PMID: 33102916 PMCID: PMC7581999 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical stimulations such as magnetic, electric and mechanical stimulation could enhance cell activity and promote bone formation in bone repair process via activating signal pathways, modulating ion channels, regulating bonerelated gene expressions, etc. In this paper, bioeffects of physical stimulations on cell activity, tissue growth and bone healing were systematically summarized, which especially focused on their osteogenesis-inducing mechanisms. Detailedly, magnetic stimulation could produce Hall effect which improved the permeability of cell membrane and promoted the migration of ions, especially accelerating the extracellular calcium ions to pass through cell membrane. Electric stimulation could induce inverse piezoelectric effect which generated electric signals, accordingly up-regulating intracellular calcium levels and growth factor synthesis. And mechanical stimulation could produce mechanical signals which were converted into corresponding biochemical signals, thus activating various signaling pathways on cell membrane and inducing a series of gene expressions. Besides, bioeffects of physical stimulations combined with bone scaffolds which fabricated using 3D printing technology on bone cells were discussed. The equipments of physical stimulation system were described. The opportunities and challenges of physical stimulations were also presented from the perspective of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Al-Jabri T, Tan JYQ, Tong GY, Shenoy R, Kayani B, Parratt T, Khan T. The role of electrical stimulation in the management of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:319. [PMID: 28754159 PMCID: PMC5534113 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avascular necrosis of the femoral head causes significant morbidity and occurs in up to 20,000 people per year. A variety of nonoperative and operative measures have been trialled however a definitive treatment algorithm is yet to be established. Young adults in many cases have undergone multiple surgical procedures in their lifetime with increasing risks of complications. Less invasive techniques may help reduce the number of operations required and positively influence the natural history of the disease process. Our aim was to navigate the literature and examine the results of electrical stimulation of the femoral head in avascular necrosis. METHODS The following defined search strategy was used to perform a systematic review using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases: ((avascular necrosis) OR (osteonecrosis)) AND (femoral head) AND ((electrical stimulation) OR (capacitive coupling) OR (pulsed electromagnetic fields)). Articles were reviewed and data compiled into tables for analysis. RESULTS Fourty six articles were identified with a total of 10 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. 8 articles were prospective studies and 2 were retrospective. Early Ficat stages showed the best responses to treatment via pulsed electromagnetic fields with improvements in both clinical and radiographic parameters. Direct current and capacitative coupling have had a more ambiguous outcome. CONCLUSIONS Pulsed electromagnetic fields may have a role in the management of early avascular necrosis. The paucity of clinical studies into this technique indicates a need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Al-Jabri
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK.
| | | | | | - Ravikiran Shenoy
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Babar Kayani
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond St, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Timothy Parratt
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Tahir Khan
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
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16
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Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi SMJ, Shojaei-Fard MB, Nematollahi S, Tayebi M. Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in the Male Rats After Exposure to 2.45 GHz Of Wi-Fi Routers. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:157-164. [PMID: 27853723 PMCID: PMC5106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of devices emitted microwave radiation such as mobile phones, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, etc. is increased rapidly. It has caused a great concern; the researchers should identify its effects on people's health. We evaluated the protective role of Vitamin C on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver after exposure to Wi-Fi routers. MATERIAL AND METHODS 70 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (10 rats in each group).The first stage one -day test: Group A (received vitamin C 250 mg/kg/day orally together with 8- hour/day Wi-Fi exposure).Group B (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation). Group C (received vitamin C). Group D or Control (was neither exposed to radiation of Wi-Fi modem nor did receive vitamin C). The second phase of experiment had done for five consecutive days. It involved Group E (received vitamin C), Group F (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation), Group G (received vitamin C together with Wi-Fi radiation). The distance between animals' restrainers was 20 cm away from the router antenna. Finally, blood samples were collected and assayed the level of hepatic enzymes including alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine amino transferase(ALT) aspartate amino transferase (ASL), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the concentration of Blood Glucose, Cholesterol , Triglyceride(TG),High density lipoprotein (HDL)and low density lipoprotein (LDL). RESULTS Data obtained from the One day test showed an increase in concentration of blood glucose, decrease in Triglyceride level and GGT factor (P<0.05), however no observed significant difference on the Cholesterol , HDL , LDL level and hepatic enzymes activities in compare to control group. Groups of the five-day test showed reduction in the amount of blood glucose, elevation of cholesterol level and LDL relative to control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION WiFi exposure may exert alternations on the metabolic parameters and hepatic enzymes activities through stress oxidative and increasing of free radicals, but the use of vitamin C protects them from changing induced. Also taking optimum dose of vitamin C is essential for radioprotective effect and maintaining optimum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shekoohi-Shooli
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M B Shojaei-Fard
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Nematollahi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Tayebi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Morimoto S, Takahashi T, Shimizu K, Kanda T, Okaishi K, Okuro M, Murai H, Nishimura Y, Nomura K, Tsuchiya H, Ohashi I, Matsumoto M. Electromagnetic Fields Inhibit Endothelin-1 Production Stimulated by Thrombin in Endothelial Cells. J Int Med Res 2016; 33:545-54. [PMID: 16222888 DOI: 10.1177/147323000503300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation has been found to induce arteriolar dilatation, but the mechanism of action remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of EMF radiation on the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, by cultured endothelial cells. EMF radiation reduced ET-1 basal levels in human umbilical vein and microvascular endothelial cells, but failed to reduce ET-1 basal levels in bovine and human aortic endothelial cells. EMF radiation significantly inhibited thrombin-stimulated ET-1 production in all four endothelial cell types in a dose-dependent manner. EMF radiation significantly inhibited thrombin-induced endothelin-1 mRNA expression in all four cell types. The inhibitory effect of EMF radiation on ET-1 production was abolished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (10−3 mol/l). These results demonstrate that EMF radiation modulates ET-1 production in cultured vascular endothelial cells and the inhibitory effect of EMF radiation is, at least partly, mediated through a nitric oxide-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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18
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Stamp MEM, Brugger MS, Wixforth A, Westerhausen C. Acoustotaxis -in vitro stimulation in a wound healing assay employing surface acoustic waves. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1092-9. [PMID: 27138623 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00125d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, ultrasound based approach for the dynamic stimulation and promotion of tissue healing processes employing surface acoustic waves (SAW) on a chip is presented for the example of osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells. In our investigations, we directly irradiate cells with SAW on a SiO2 covered piezoelectric LiNbO3 substrate. Observing the temporal evolution of cell growth and migration and comparing non-irradiated to irradiated areas on the chip, we find that the SAW-treated cells exhibit a significantly increased migration as compared to the control samples. Apart from quantifying our experimental findings on the cell migration stimulation, we also demonstrate the full bio compatibility and bio functionality of our SAW technique by using LDH assays. We safely exclude parasitic side effects such as a SAW related increased substrate temperature or nutrient flow by thoroughly monitoring the temperature and the flow field using infrared microscopy and micro particle image velocimetry. Our results show that the SAW induced dynamic mechanical and electrical stimulation obviously directly promotes the cell growth. We conclude that this stimulation method offers a powerful platform for future medical treatment, e.g. being implemented as a implantable biochip with wireless extra-corporal power supply to treat deeper tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E M Stamp
- Chair for Experimental Physics I, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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19
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Ross CL, Siriwardane M, Almeida-Porada G, Porada CD, Brink P, Christ GJ, Harrison BS. The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:96-108. [PMID: 26042793 PMCID: PMC4516580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are a population of progenitor cells that contain a subset of skeletal stem cells (hSSCs), able to recreate cartilage, bone, stroma that supports hematopoiesis and marrow adipocytes. As such, they have become an important resource in developing strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. The differentiation of SSCs/BMSCs is dependent on exposure to biophysical and biochemical stimuli that favor early and rapid activation of the in vivo tissue repair process. Exposure to exogenous stimuli such as an electromagnetic field (EMF) can promote differentiation of SSCs/BMSCs via ion dynamics and small signaling molecules. The plasma membrane is often considered to be the main target for EMF signals and most results point to an effect on the rate of ion or ligand binding due to a receptor site acting as a modulator of signaling cascades. Ion fluxes are closely involved in differentiation control as stem cells move and grow in specific directions to form tissues and organs. EMF affects numerous biological functions such as gene expression, cell fate, and cell differentiation, but will only induce these effects within a certain range of low frequencies as well as low amplitudes. EMF has been reported to be effective in the enhancement of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of hSSCs/BMSCs with no documented negative effects. Studies show specific EMF frequencies enhance hSSC/BMSC adherence, proliferation, differentiation, and viability, all of which play a key role in the use of hSSCs/BMSCs for tissue engineering. While many EMF studies report significant enhancement of the differentiation process, results differ depending on the experimental and environmental conditions. Here we review how specific EMF parameters (frequency, intensity, and time of exposure) significantly regulate hSSC/BMSC differentiation in vitro. We discuss optimal conditions and parameters for effective hSSC/BMSC differentiation using EMF treatment in an in vivo setting, and how these can be translated to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, USA; Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Peter Brink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Liquid-solid phase transition alloy as reversible and rapid molding bone cement. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9789-9801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Fındık Y, Baykul T. Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on autogenous bone graft healing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:e255-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lim K, Hexiu J, Kim J, Seonwoo H, Cho WJ, Choung PH, Chung JH. Effects of electromagnetic fields on osteogenesis of human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:296019. [PMID: 23862141 PMCID: PMC3703802 DOI: 10.1155/2013/296019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) on the proliferation and differentiation of human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs). Osteogenesis is a complex series of events involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to generate new bone. In this study, we examined not merely the effect of ELF-PEMFs on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization of the extracellular matrix but vinculin, vimentin, and calmodulin (CaM) expressions in hABMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Exposure of hABMSCs to ELF-PEMFs increased proliferation by 15% compared to untreated cells at day 5. In addition, exposure to ELF-PEMFs significantly increased ALP expression during the early stages of osteogenesis and substantially enhanced mineralization near the midpoint of osteogenesis within 2 weeks. ELF-PEMFs also increased vinculin, vimentin, and CaM expressions, compared to control. In particular, CaM indicated that ELF-PEMFs significantly altered the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The results indicated that ELF-PEMFs could enhance early cell proliferation in hABMSCs-mediated osteogenesis and accelerate the osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- KiTaek Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hexiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tooth Bioengineering National Research Lab, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jae Cho
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tooth Bioengineering National Research Lab, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
- Tooth Bioengineering National Research Laboratory of Post BK21, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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24
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Application of laser-induced bone therapy by carbon dioxide laser irradiation in implant therapy. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:409496. [PMID: 22505900 PMCID: PMC3296302 DOI: 10.1155/2012/409496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the application of laser-induced bone therapy (LIBT) to reduce implant healing time in rat tibia. Twenty 10-week-old female Sprague-Dawlay rats were used. The rats received laser irradiation (laser group) or sham operation (control group) on either side of the tibia. Five days after invasion, titanium implants were inserted in proximal tibia. Five, 10, and 20 days after implant placement, tibiae were collected. After taking micro-CT and performing a torque test, the tibiae were decalcified and 8-μm-thick sections were prepared. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. Micro-CT images, removal torque values, and histomorphometric analysis data demonstrated a significantly accelerated bone formation in the laser group earlier in the healing process. Conclusion. The use of laser irradiation was effective in promoting bone formation and acquiring osseointegration of titanium implants inserted in rat tibia. LIBT may be suitable for use in implant therapy.
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Hronik-Tupaj M, Kaplan DL. A review of the responses of two- and three-dimensional engineered tissues to electric fields. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:167-80. [PMID: 22046979 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of external biophysical signals is one approach to tissue engineering that is explored less often than more traditional additions of exogenous biochemical and chemical factors to direct cell and tissue outcomes. The study of bioelectromagnetism and the field of electrotherapeutics have evolved over the years, and we review biocompatible electric stimulation devices and their successful application to tissue growth. Specifically, information on capacitively coupled alternating current, inductively coupled alternating current, and direct current devices is described. Cell and tissue responses from the application of these devices, including two- and three-dimensional in vitro studies and in vivo studies, are reviewed with regard to cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, morphology, and migration and tissue function. The current understanding of cellular mechanisms related to electric stimulation is detailed. The advantages of electric stimulation are compared with those pf other techniques, and areas in which electric fields are used as an adjuvant therapy for healing and regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hronik-Tupaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Griffin M, Bayat A. Electrical stimulation in bone healing: critical analysis by evaluating levels of evidence. EPLASTY 2011; 11:e34. [PMID: 21847434 PMCID: PMC3145421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Direct current, capacitive coupling, and inductive coupling are modes of electrical stimulation (ES) used to enhance bone healing. It is important to assess the effectiveness of ES for bone healing to ensure optimization for clinical practice. This review aims to examine the level of evidence (LOE) for the application of ES to enhance bone healing and investigate the proposed mechanism for its stimulatory effect. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE searches were conducted to identify clinical and in vitro studies utilizing ES for bone healing since 1959. A total of 105 clinical studies and 35 in vitro studies were evaluated. Clinical studies were assigned LOE according to Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (LOE-1, highest; LOE-5, lowest). RESULTS Direct current was found to be effective in enhancing bone healing in spinal fusion but only LOE-4 supported its use for nonunions. Eleven studies were retrieved for capacitive coupling with LOE-1 demonstrating its effectiveness for treating nonunions. The majority of studies utilized inductive coupling with LOE-1 supporting its application for healing osteotomies and nonunions. In vitro studies demonstrate that ES enhances bone healing by changes in growth factors and transmembrane signaling although no clear mechanism has been defined. CONCLUSION Overall, the studies, although in favor of ES application in bone repair, displayed variability in treatment regime, primary outcome measures, follow-up times, and study design, making critical evaluation and assessment difficult. Electrical stimulation shows promise in enhancement of bone healing; however, better-designed clinical studies will enable the optimization for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Chen J, Huang LQ, Xia QJ, He CQ. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the mRNA expression of CAII and RANK in ovariectomized rats. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:1527-32. [PMID: 21327437 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the mRNA expression of the carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) in ovariectomized rats. A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups [Sham, OVX, PEMFs, and E(2) (premarin)], 12 rats in each group. Rats in the Sham group received sham ovariectomy, while rats in OVX, PEMFs, and E(2) groups received ovariectomy. Twelve weeks following the surgery, rats (whole body) in the PEMFs group were exposed to PEMFs for 30 days with 3.8 mT, 8 Hz, and 40 min per day; rats in the E(2) group were administered premarin (0.0625 mg/kg/d; intragastric administration 1-2 ml/100 g). Rats in the Sham and OVX groups housed in the same conditions. At the end of intervention, the level of serum estradiol of rats was measured. The gene expression of CAII and RANK in the left ilium of rats was determined with real-time fluorescent-nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the Sham group, the level of serum estradiol in the ovariectomized group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); compared with the OVX group, CAIImRNA expression was significantly decreased in the PEMFs group and E group (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). Compared with the E group, RANKmRNA expression was significantly higher in the PEMFs group (P < 0.05); although RANKmRNA expression decreased in PEMFs group, no statistically significant difference was found between PEMF group and OVX group (P = 0.82). These data suggest that PEMFs could regulate the expression of CAIImRNA in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhong Shang Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
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Moghadam MK, Firoozabadi M, Janahmadi M. Effects of weak environmental magnetic fields on the spontaneous bioelectrical activity of snail neurons. J Membr Biol 2011; 240:63-71. [PMID: 21249346 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of 50-Hz magnetic fields in the range of flux densities relevant to our current environmental exposures on action potential (AP), after-hyperpolarization potential (AHP) and neuronal excitability in neurons of land snails, Helix aspersa. It was shown that when the neurons were exposed to magnetic field at the various flux densities, marked changes in neuronal excitability, AP firing frequency and AHP amplitude were seen. These effects seemed to be related to the intensity, type (single and continuous or repeated and cumulative) and length of exposure (18 or 20 min). The extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposures affect the excitability of F1 neuronal cells in a nonmonotonic manner, disrupting their normal characteristic and synchronized firing patterns by interfering with the cell membrane electrophysiological properties. Our results could explain one of the mechanisms and sites of action of ELF magnetic fields. A possible explanation of the inhibitory effects of magnetic fields could be a decrease in Ca(2+) influx through inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. The detailed mechanism of effect, however, needs to be further studied under voltage-clamp conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Kaviani Moghadam
- Department of Medical Physics, Medical Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Jansen JHW, van der Jagt OP, Punt BJ, Verhaar JAN, van Leeuwen JPTM, Weinans H, Jahr H. Stimulation of osteogenic differentiation in human osteoprogenitor cells by pulsed electromagnetic fields: an in vitro study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:188. [PMID: 20731873 PMCID: PMC2936347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation may be clinically beneficial during fracture healing and for a wide range of bone disorders, there is still debate on its working mechanism. Mesenchymal stem cells are likely mediators facilitating the observed clinical effects of PEMF. Here, we performed in vitro experiments to investigate the effect of PEMF stimulation on human bone marrow-derived stromal cell (BMSC) metabolism and, specifically, whether PEMF can stimulate their osteogenic differentiation. METHODS BMSCs derived from four different donors were cultured in osteogenic medium, with the PEMF treated group being continuously exposed to a 15 Hz, 1 Gauss EM field, consisting of 5-millisecond bursts with 5-microsecond pulses. On culture day 1, 5, 9, and 14, cells were collected for biochemical analysis (DNA amount, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition), expression of various osteoblast-relevant genes and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Differences between treated and control groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS Biochemical analysis revealed significant, differentiation stage-dependent, PEMF-induced differences: PEMF increased mineralization at day 9 and 14, without altering alkaline phosphatase activity. Cell proliferation, as measured by DNA amounts, was not affected by PEMF until day 14. Here, DNA content stagnated in PEMF treated group, resulting in less DNA compared to control.Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that during early culture, up to day 9, PEMF treatment increased mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2, transforming growth factor-beta 1, osteoprotegerin, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein. In contrast, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression was primarily stimulated on day 14. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was not affected by PEMF stimulation. CONCLUSIONS PEMF exposure of differentiating human BMSCs enhanced mineralization and seemed to induce differentiation at the expense of proliferation. The osteogenic stimulus of PEMF was confirmed by the up-regulation of several osteogenic marker genes in the PEMF treated group, which preceded the deposition of mineral itself. These findings indicate that PEMF can directly stimulate osteoprogenitor cells towards osteogenic differentiation. This supports the theory that PEMF treatment may recruit these cells to facilitate an osteogenic response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus H W Jansen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sollazzo V, Palmieri A, Pezzetti F, Massari L, Carinci F. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human osteoblastlike cells (MG-63): a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:2260-77. [PMID: 20387020 PMCID: PMC2895828 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are used to treat delayed unions and nonunions, their mechanisms of action are not completely clear. However, PEMFs are known to affect the expression of certain genes. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked (1) whether PEMFs affect gene expression in human osteoblastlike cells (MG63) in vitro, and (2) whether and to what extent stimulation by PEMFs induce cell proliferation and differentiation in MG-63 cultures. METHODS We cultured two groups of MG63 cells. One group was treated with PEMFs for 18 hours whereas the second was maintained in the same culture condition without PEMFs (control). Gene expression was evaluated throughout cDNA microarray analysis containing 19,000 genes spanning a substantial fraction of the human genome. RESULTS PEMFs induced the upregulation of important genes related to bone formation (HOXA10, AKT1), genes at the transductional level (CALM1, P2RX7), genes for cytoskeletal components (FN1, VCL), and collagenous (COL1A2) and noncollagenous (SPARC) matrix components. However, PEMF induced downregulation of genes related to the degradation of extracellular matrix (MMP-11, DUSP4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE PEMFs appear to induce cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, PEMFs promote extracellular matrix production and mineralization while decreasing matrix degradation and absorption. Our data suggest specific mechanisms of the observed clinical effect of PEMFs, and thus specific approaches for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sollazzo
- Istituto di Clinica Ortopedica Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Palmieri
- Istituto di Chirurgia Maxillo Facciale Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Furio Pezzetti
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia Generale Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leo Massari
- Istituto di Clinica Ortopedica Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Istituto di Chirurgia Maxillo Facciale Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Chen J, He HC, Xia QJ, Huang LQ, Hu YJ, He CQ. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the mRNA expression of RANK and CAII in ovariectomized rat osteoclast-like cell. Connect Tissue Res 2010; 51:1-7. [PMID: 20067410 DOI: 10.3109/03008200902855917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the mRNA expression of the receptor activator of NF-kappa-B (RANK) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in ovariectomized rat osteoclast-like cells. Marrow cells were harvested from femora and tibiae of rats, from which the ovaries had been totally excised, and cultured in 6-well chamber slides. After 1 day of incubation, the marrow cells were exposed to PEMF for 3 days with 3.8 mT, 8 Hz, and 40 min per day. Osteoclast-like cells were confirmed by both tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and bone resorption assay. The expression of RANK and CA II mRNA was determined with real-time fluorescent-nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the sham group, the level of serum estradiol in the ovariectomized group was significantly decreased ( p < 0.05). The numbers of multinucleated, TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells and resorption pits formed were observed. In invitro study, the expression of RANK and CA II were measured in sham, ovariectomized without PEMF, and ovariectomized with PEMF treatment. Compared with the ovariectomized (PEMF) experimental group and sham group, CA II mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ovariectomized control group ( p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). Compared with the sham group, RANK mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ovariectomized control group ( p < 0.05). These data suggest that PEMF could regulate the expression of RANK and CA II mRNA in the marrow culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fontanesi G, Monte AD, Rinaldi E, Traina GC, Mammi GI, Giancecchi F, Rotini R, Poli G, Negri V, Virgili B, Cadossi R. The Effect of Low Frequency Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields for the Treatment of Congenital and Acquired Pseudoarthroses: the Italian Group for the Study of the Effects of LFPEFs in Orthopaedics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378409035965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pilla AA, Kaufman JJ. Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Function: Frequency Characterizations of Input Waveforms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378409035955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fishert SJ, Dulling J, Smith SD. Effect of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Plasma Membrane Protein Glycosylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378609006060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jones DB, Pedley RB, Ryaby JT. The Effects of Pulsating Electromagnetic Fields on Differentiation and Growth in Cloudman S91 Murine Melanoma Cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378609006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Papatheofanis FJ, Fapatheofanls BJ, Ray RD. Intense Static Magnetic Field Induced Bone Growth in Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378409035968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fontanesl G, Giancecchl F, Rotini R. Pseudoarthrosis Treatment with Cancellous Bone Grafts and Low-Frequency Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378509040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cantini M, Cossarizza A, Bersani F, Cadossi R, Ceccherelli G, Tenconi R, Gatti C, Franceschi C. Enhancing Effect of Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Lectin-Induced Human Lymphocyte Proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378609027720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Trombi L, Petrini M, Manara G, Mese ED, Revoltella RP. Effects of Repeated Exposure to High-Voltage Electric Discharges and Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cultured Mouse P3×63Ag8 Plasmocytoma Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379309012867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Grattarola M, Chiabrera A, Vlvianl R, Parodl G. Interactions Between Weak Electromagnetic Fields And Biosystems: A Summary of Nine Years of Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378509040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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McLeod BR, Liboff AR, Smith SD. Biological Systems in Transition: Sensitivity to Extremely Low-Frequency Fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379209012850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Conti P, Gigante GE, Cifone MG, Alesse E, Fieschi C, Angeletti PU. Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Two Calcium Dependent Biological Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378509040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Revoltella RP, Trombi L, Petrini M, Grassi B, Manara G, Mese ED. Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Do Not Affect Cell Growth, Erythroid Differentiation, and Virus Production in Variant Lines of Untreated and Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Treated Friend Erythroleukemia Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379309012868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sollazzo V, Massari L, Caruso A, Mattei MD, Pezzetti F. Effects of Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Human Osteoblast-Like CellsIn Wtro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379609016167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Emilia G, Torelli G, Ceccherelli G, Donelli A, Ferrari S, Zucchini P, Cadossi R. Effect of Low-Frequency Low-Energy Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields on the Response to Lectin Stimulation of Human Normal and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378509040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Leont'eva GA, Kim YA, Fomenko BS. The Effect of Microwave Radiation on Binding of Propyl-2,3-[3H]-Dehydroalprenololto β-Adrenergic Receptors of Rat Erythrocyte Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379209009818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jones DB, Bolwell GP, Gilliatt GJ. Amplification, by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields, of Plant Growth Regulator Induced Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase During Differentiation in Suspension Cultured Plant Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378609027713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Funk RHW, Monsees T, Ozkucur N. Electromagnetic effects - From cell biology to medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 43:177-264. [PMID: 19167986 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review we compile and discuss the published plethora of cell biological effects which are ascribed to electric fields (EF), magnetic fields (MF) and electromagnetic fields (EMF). In recent years, a change in paradigm took place concerning the endogenously produced static EF of cells and tissues. Here, modern molecular biology could link the action of ion transporters and ion channels to the "electric" action of cells and tissues. Also, sensing of these mainly EF could be demonstrated in studies of cell migration and wound healing. The triggers exerted by ion concentrations and concomitant electric field gradients have been traced along signaling cascades till gene expression changes in the nucleus. Far more enigmatic is the way of action of static MF which come in most cases from outside (e.g. earth magnetic field). All systems in an organism from the molecular to the organ level are more or less in motion. Thus, in living tissue we mostly find alternating fields as well as combination of EF and MF normally in the range of extremely low-frequency EMF. Because a bewildering array of model systems and clinical devices exits in the EMF field we concentrate on cell biological findings and look for basic principles in the EF, MF and EMF action. As an outlook for future research topics, this review tries to link areas of EF, MF and EMF research to thermodynamics and quantum physics, approaches that will produce novel insights into cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H W Funk
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Institut für Anatomie, Germany.
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Bloom T, Renard R, Yalamanchili P, Wapner K, Chao W, Lin SS. Stimulation of ankle cartilage: other emerging technologies (cellular, electricomagnetic, etc.). Foot Ankle Clin 2008; 13:363-79, viii. [PMID: 18692005 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in understanding age-related changes in articular cartilage, joint homeostasis, the natural healing process after cartilage injury, and improved standards for evaluation of a joint surface made the ultimate goal of cartilage repair a possibility. New strategies for enhancement of articular cartilages' limited healing potential and biologic regeneration include advances in tissue engineering and the use of electromagnetic fields. This article reviews developments in basic science and clinical research made with these emerging technologies concerning treatment of articular cartilage defects and treatment of osteoarthritis of the ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Bloom
- Division of Pediatric Othopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Jersey Medical School-University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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