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Ferguson-Smith AC, Bartolomei MS. The phenomenon of genomic imprinting was discovered 40 years ago. Nature 2024; 629:763-765. [PMID: 38745025 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
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Wang XQ, Liu RP, Wang J, Luo D, Li YH, Jiang H, Xu YN, Kim NH. Wedelolactone facilitates the early development of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13766. [PMID: 35910774 PMCID: PMC9332323 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wedelolactone (WDL) is a coumaryl ether compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Eclipta prostrata L. It is a natural polyphenol that exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-free radical, and antioxidant activities in the bone, brain, and ovary. However, its effect on embryonic development remains unknown. The present study explored the influence of WDL supplementation of porcine oocytes culture in vitro on embryonic development and the underlying mechanisms and its effect on the levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE). The results showed that WDL (2.5 nM) significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate, mitochondrial activity, and proliferation ability while reducing the reactive oxygen species accumulation, apoptosis, and autophagy. These findings suggested that WDL can enhance the growth and development of early porcine embryos to alleviate oxidative stress and autophagy through regulating NRF2 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3) gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Rong-Ping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yong-Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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Hu M, TuanMu LC, Wei H, Gao F, Li L, Zhang S. Development and imprinted gene expression in uniparental preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:345-53. [PMID: 25270250 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of reports show that imprinted genes play a crucial role in fetal development, and uniparental embryos, which possess two paternally or two maternally derived pronuclei, are excellent tools for investigating the biological significance of imprinted genes. In the present study, to examine the in vitro developmental ability and expression pattern of eight imprinted genes in uniparental embryos, we produced androgenones, gynogenones, and parthenogenones using enucleation. Our data confirmed the previously observed restriction in haploid androgenetic development potential and first indicated that diploid androgenetic embryos were arrested in the 3/4-cell stage. Some imprinted genes were expressed in androgenetic, gynogenetic, and parthenogenetic blastocysts, suggesting that they were unable to maintain their imprinted expression status in uniparental embryos and that both paternal and maternal alleles are required for the specific expression of some imprinted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Hu
- Agricultural Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding Key Lab of Guangdong Province, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Abstract
Genomic imprinting affects a subset of genes in mammals and results in a monoallelic, parental-specific expression pattern. Most of these genes are located in clusters that are regulated through the use of insulators or long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). To distinguish the parental alleles, imprinted genes are epigenetically marked in gametes at imprinting control elements through the use of DNA methylation at the very least. Imprinted gene expression is subsequently conferred through lncRNAs, histone modifications, insulators, and higher-order chromatin structure. Such imprints are maintained after fertilization through these mechanisms despite extensive reprogramming of the mammalian genome. Genomic imprinting is an excellent model for understanding mammalian epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise P Barlow
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, CeMM, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Dunn DA, Pinkert CA, Kooyman DL. Foundation Review: Transgenic animals and their impact on the drug discovery industry. Drug Discov Today 2005; 10:757-67. [PMID: 15922934 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to direct genetic changes at the molecular level has resulted in a revolution in biology. Nowhere has this been more apparent than in the production of transgenic animals. Transgenic technology lies at the junction of several enabling techniques in such diverse fields as embryology, cell biology and molecular genetics. A host of techniques have been used to effect change in gene expression and develop new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds cost-effectively. Scientific advances gained by transgenic capabilities enable further understanding of basic biological pathways and yield insights into how changes in fundamental processes can perturb programmed development or culminate in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dunn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Fahrudin M, Diamond Varisanga M, Murakami M, Otoi T, Suzuki T. Assessment of Developmental Competence of Nuclei from Bovine Parthenogenetic Embryos. J Reprod Dev 2000. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.46.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mokhamad Fahrudin
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | | | - Masao Murakami
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Suzuki
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Aronson J, Solter D. Developmental potency of gametic and embryonic genomes revealed by nuclear transfer. Curr Top Dev Biol 1987; 23:55-71. [PMID: 3330507 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Aronson
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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9
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McGrath J, Solter D. Nuclear and cytoplasmic transfer in mammalian embryos. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y. : 1985) 1986; 4:37-55. [PMID: 3078137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2143-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J McGrath
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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10
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Kuzan FB, Seidel GE. Embryo transfer in animals. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y. : 1985) 1986; 4:249-78. [PMID: 3078132 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2143-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F B Kuzan
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Hare
- Agriculture Canada, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario
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12
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Meinecke-Tillmann S. [Current status of biotechnology in animal breeding]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1985; 72:592-8. [PMID: 3866142 DOI: 10.1007/bf00365280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the embryo transfer new and developing biotechnologies including cryopreservation of embryos, sex predetermination and sex diagnosis (sexing), in vitro fertilization, cloning and production of chimaeras and of transgenic animals are discussed.
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13
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Surani MAH. What the papers say: Differential roles of paternal and maternal genomes during embryogenesis in the mouse. Bioessays 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.950010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Certain sperm components labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate or its radioactive derivative, 125I-diiodofluorescein isothiocyanate (125IFC), are transferred at fertilization to the egg, where they persist throughout early cleavage stages at a localized site in the embryo cytoplasm (Gabel, C. A., E. M. Eddy, and B. M. Shapiro, 1979, Cell, 18:207-215; Gundersen, G. G., C. A. Gabel, and B. M. Shapiro, 1982, Dev. Biol., 93:59-72). By using image intensification we have extended these observations in the sea urchin to the pluteus larval stage, in which greater than 60% of the embryos have localized fluorescent sperm components. Because of the unusual persistence of the sperm components in the embryo, a characterization of the nature of the labeled species in sea urchin sperm was undertaken. Approximately 10% of the 125IFC was in sperm polypeptides of Mr greater than 15,000. These proteins were on the sperm surface as shown by their sensitivity to externally added proteases. The remainder of the 125IFC in sperm was in several low-molecular-weight species, none of which was 125IFC-derivatized phospholipid. To determine if any labeled sperm polypeptides remained intact in the embryo after fertilization, 125IFC-labeled sperm proteins were recovered from one-cell and late gastrula stage embryos by using an anti-IFC immunoadsorbent. Most of the labeled sperm proteins were degraded shortly after fertilization; however, distinct sets of labeled polypeptides were recovered from both one-cell and gastrula stage embryos. Six of the labeled polypeptides recovered from both embryonic stages had identical SDS gel mobilities as labeled sperm polypeptides. Other polypeptides in the embryos appeared to arise from limited proteolysis of sperm proteins. Thus, in this physiological cell fusion system, individual sperm proteins are transferred to the egg at fertilization, and some persist intact or after specific, limited degradation long after gamete fusion, until at least the late gastrula stage.
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Abstract
There has been much speculation on whether mammalian eggs with two male pronuclei can develop normally. Eggs with two female pronuclei can sometimes develop as far as the 25-somite stage but with only very meagre extraembryonic tissues. We suggested that the genome undergoes specific imprinting during gametogenesis and that some paternal genes may be necessary for normal development of the extraembryonic tissues, in which only the maternal X chromosome remains active. However, the need for the maternal genome for development to term is not yet unequivocally established. The detailed study described here demonstrates that while between 40 and 50% of heterozygous reconstituted eggs with a male and a female pronucleus develop to term, none of the eggs with two male pronuclei does so. Furthermore, embryos in the latter case are very retarded, even though the trophoblast develops relatively well compared with embryos having two female pronuclei. Our combined results indicate that while the paternal genome is essential for the normal development of extraembryonic tissues, the maternal genome may be essential for some stages of embryogenesis.
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Kraemer DC. Contributions of mammalian embryo transfer to developmental genetics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1984; 18:643-8. [PMID: 6592973 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320180411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The process of transferring preimplantation embryos from the reproductive tract of one female to that of another, commonly referred to as embryo transfer (ET), has been used extensively for exploration of basic mechanisms of developmental genetics. ET has also permitted practical application of such basic knowledge to selective breeding of livestock and treatment of infertility. Contributions of mammalian embryo transfer are presented as they pertain to studies of heredity vs environment, gamete maturation, fertilization, differentiation, and genetic transformation. Future applications of embryo transfer to the study of developmental genetics are likely to include extensive use of microsurgical techniques on a wide variety of mammalian embryos.
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Mann JR, Lovell-Badge RH. Inviability of parthenogenones is determined by pronuclei, not egg cytoplasm. Nature 1984; 310:66-7. [PMID: 6738704 DOI: 10.1038/310066a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic mouse embryos pose an interesting problem in the study of early mammalian development. Haploid or diploid parthenogenones, resulting from spontaneous or experimental activation of unfertilized eggs, will undergo apparently normal preimplantation development but die in the early post-implantation stages. However, in aggregation chimaeras with fertilized embryos, parthenogenetic embryos have the ability to differentiate into many tissue types, including gametes which can give rise to normal offspring. Furthermore, it has been reported that viable young were obtained from the transfer of inner cell-mass nuclei of parthenogenetic blastocysts to enucleated fertilized eggs. These observations suggest that sperm have some additional role, apart from restoring a complete genome, that is necessary for normal development. To investigate whether sperm-related modifications to the egg cytoplasm are important, we have used an efficient nuclear transfer technique in which a complete karyoplast, comprised of pronuclei, surrounding cytoplasm and a portion of the egg plasma membrane, is transferred utilizing Sendai virus membrane fusion. Embryos produced by the transfer of pronuclei from diploid parthenogenetic eggs to enucleated fertilized eggs died very soon after implantation, whereas viable young were obtained from the transfer of fertilized egg pronuclei into enucleated parthenogenetic eggs. This shows that the death of parthenogenones is not due to a lack of cytoplasmic factors from the sperm.
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McLaren A. Mammalian development: methods and success of nuclear transplantation in mammals. Nature 1984; 309:671-2. [PMID: 6728030 DOI: 10.1038/309671b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Surani MA, Barton SC, Norris ML. Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis. Nature 1984; 308:548-50. [PMID: 6709062 DOI: 10.1038/308548a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the failure of parthenogenetic mouse embryos to develop to term is primarily due to their aberrant cytoplasm and homozygosity leading to the expression of recessive lethal genes. The reported birth of homozygous gynogenetic (male pronucleus removed from egg after fertilization) mice and of animals following transplantation of nuclei from parthenogenetic embryos to enucleated fertilized eggs, is indicative of abnormal cytoplasm and not an abnormal genotype of the activated eggs. However, we and others have been unable to obtain such homozygous mice. We investigated this problem further by using reconstituted heterozygous eggs, with haploid parthenogenetic eggs as recipients for a male or female pronucleus. We report here that the eggs which receive a male pronucleus develop to term but those with two female pronuclei develop only poorly after implantation. Therefore, the cytoplasm of activated eggs is fully competent to support development to term but not if the genome is entirely of maternal origin. We propose that specific imprinting of the genome occurs during gametogenesis so that the presence of both a male and a female pronucleus is essential in an egg for full-term development. The paternal imprinting of the genome appears necessary for the normal development of the extraembryonic membranes and the trophoblast.
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Mapletoft RJ. Embryo Transfer Technology for the Enhancement of Animal Reproduction. Nat Biotechnol 1984. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0284-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anderson E, Hoppe PC, Lee GS. The karyotype and ultrastructural characteristics of spontaneous preimplantation mouse parthenotes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1120090409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McGrath J, Solter D. Nuclear transplantation in mouse embryos. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1983; 228:355-62. [PMID: 6141214 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402280218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of foreign nuclei to support development in nuclear transplantation manipulations has proven an effective means to assess the consequences of nuclear differentiation. In addition, nuclear transplantation might serve to define the persistence and role of maternally inherited cytoplasmic constituents during embryogenesis. We have extended the use of a technique that enables the efficient transfer of one-cell-stage pronuclei into the cytoplasm of enucleated mouse embryos, and have successfully transferred two-, four-, eight-cell-stage and inner cell mass (ICM) cell nuclei. We have also used this technique as a means to determining that the stage-specific embryonic antigen, SSEA-3, is a cytoplasmic contribution of the unfertilized ovum. The potential value of this technique in determining the developmental capacity of nuclei from various embryonic states, and in determining nuclear/cytoplasmic origins or early embryonic gene products, is discussed.
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Kaufman MH. Two examples of monoamniotic monozygotic twinning in diploid parthenogenetic mouse embryos. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1982; 224:277-82. [PMID: 6891397 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402240218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In experiments in which diploid parthenogenetic mouse embryos cultured entirely in vitro from the one-cell stage to the blastocyst were transferred to suitable recipients and maintained in "delay" for about 3 days before implanting, about 25-40% subsequently developed to somite-containing stages. In all, over 30 such embryos were examined. Most were morphologically normal, and equivalent to fertilized development observed on the 9th-11th days of pregnancy. A few embryos, however, had neural tube abnormalities, but of greatest interest were two sets of monoamniotic monozygotic twins. It is unclear whether the twins in some way resulted from the parthenogenetic condition, or from the "delayed" state. The present examples are discussed in the context of previous observations of monozygotic twinning in the mouse and man.
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Illmensee K. Experimental genetics of the mammalian embryo. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1982; 2:117-29. [PMID: 6963276 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041130516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in experimental mouse embryology has provided new approaches to the genetic manipulation of the mammalian embryo. The production of uniparental embryos enables one to compare maternal and paternal gene activity during development, to study the biological consequences of homozygosity of mutant genes, and to further elucidate the unsolved problem of X chromosome inactivation. Transplantation of nuclei from somatic cells into mouse eggs is considered the most vigorous functional test for the developmental capacity of the nuclear genome and provides a bioassay for the study of possible genomic changes during cellular differentiation. Transplantation of cloned eukaryotic genes into mouse eggs will permit the molecular and genetic analysis of their integration and regulation during development and, eventually, their germ line transmission as new heritable elements.
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