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Intaravanne Y, Ansari MA, Ahmed H, Bileckaja N, Yin H, Chen X. Metasurface-Enabled 3-in-1 Microscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:544-551. [PMID: 36820325 PMCID: PMC9936625 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Edge enhancement and polarization detection are critical to image transparent or low-contrast samples. However, currently available systems are limited to performing only a single functionality. To meet the requirement of system integration, there is a pressing need for a microscope with multiple functionalities. Here, we propose and develop a microscope with three different functionalities based on spatial multiplexing and polarization splitting. A novel geometric metasurface (MS) is used to realize a spiral phase profile and two phase gradient profiles along two vertical directions, which can perform such an extremely challenging optical task. This is the first demonstration of a 3-in-1 microscope that can simultaneously obtain five images with different optical properties in an imaging plane for the same sample. Imaging experiments with different samples verify its capability to simultaneously perform edge imaging, polarimetric imaging, and conventional microscope imaging. Benefiting from the compactness and multifunctionality of the optical MS device, the integration does not increase the volume of the microscope. This approach can enable users to visualize the multiple facets of samples in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuttana Intaravanne
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani12120, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Narina Bileckaja
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Huabing Yin
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
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Mohebi A, Le Gratiet A, Marongiu R, Callegari F, Bianchini P, Diaspro A. Combined approach using circular intensity differential scattering microscopy under phasor map data analysis. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:1558-1565. [PMID: 33690489 DOI: 10.1364/ao.417677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS) is based on the analysis of circular polarized light scattering and has been proven to be an interesting label-free microscopy technique sensitive to the chiral organization at the submicroscopic level. However, this approach averages the localized contrasts related to the sample polarimetric properties in the illumination volume. Additionally, the detection sensitivity suffers from the confinement of the mixture of structures, and it becomes an arduous task to discriminate the source of the signal. In this work, we show that a phasor map approach combined with CIDS microscopy has provided an intuitive view of the sample organization to recognize the presence of different molecular species in the illumination volume. The data represented in terms of polarization response mapped to a single point called a phasor also have the potential to pave the way for the analysis of large data sets. We validated this method by numerical simulations and compared the results with that of experimental data of optical devices of reference.
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Review on Complete Mueller Matrix Optical Scanning Microscopy Imaging. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical scanning microscopy techniques based on the polarization control of the light have the capability of providing non invasive label-free contrast. By comparing the polarization states of the excitation light with its transformation after interaction with the sample, the full optical properties can be summarized in a single 4×4 Mueller matrix. The main challenge of such a technique is to encode and decode the polarized light in an optimal way pixel-by-pixel and take into account the polarimetric artifacts from the optical devices composing the instrument in a rigorous calibration step. In this review, we describe the different approaches for implementing such a technique into an optical scanning microscope, that requires a high speed rate polarization control. Thus, we explore the recent advances in term of technology from the industrial to the medical applications.
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Circular Intensity Differential Scattering for Label-Free Chromatin Characterization: A Review for Optical Microscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102428. [PMID: 33096877 PMCID: PMC7588990 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular Intensity Differential Scattering (CIDS) provides a differential measurement of the circular right and left polarized light and has been proven to be a gold standard label-free technique to study the molecular conformation of complex biopolymers, such as chromatin. In early works, it has been shown that the scattering component of the CIDS signal gives information from the long-range chiral organization on a scale down to 1/10th-1/20th of the excitation wavelength, leading to information related to the structure and orientation of biopolymers in situ at the nanoscale. In this paper, we review the typical methods and technologies employed for measuring this signal coming from complex macro-molecules ordering. Additionally, we include a general description of the experimental architectures employed for spectroscopic CIDS measurements, angular or spectral, and of the most recent advances in the field of optical imaging microscopy, allowing a visualization of the chromatin organization in situ.
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Huynh RN, Raub CB. Noninvasive surface damage assessment of bovine articular cartilage explants by reflected polarized light microscopy. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:2897-2900. [PMID: 28268920 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Articular surface damage is a hallmark of cartilage degeneration. Noninvasive assessment of cartilage microstructural alterations has potential clinical value. In this study, we use bovine patellofemoral articular cartilage explants treated with mechanical scraping and collagenase to create cartilage surface disruption, and use polarized reflectance microscopy to quantify alterations to surface and sub-surface microstructure. Reflected polarized signal was sensitive to mild damage to the cartilage surface, and highlighted disruptive alterations. The results indicate the efficacy of reflected polarized light microscopy in assessing the microstructural status of superficial articular cartilage.
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Borejdo J, Burlacu S. Measuring orientation of actin filaments within a cell: orientation of actin in intestinal microvilli. Biophys J 1993; 65:300-9. [PMID: 8369437 PMCID: PMC1225724 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Orientational distribution of actin filaments within a cell is an important determinant of cellular shape and motility. To map this distribution we developed a method of measuring local orientation of actin filaments. In this method actin filaments within cells are labeled with fluorescent phalloidin and are viewed at high magnification in a fluorescent microscope. Emitted fluorescence is split by a birefringent crystal giving rise to two images created by light rays polarized orthogonally with respect to each other. The two images are recorded by a high-sensitivity video camera, and polarization of fluorescence at any point is calculated from the relative intensity of both images at this point. From the value of polarization, the orientation of the absorption dipole of the dye, and thus orientation of F-actin, can be calculated. To illustrate the utility of the method, we measured orientation of actin cores in microvilli of chicken intestinal epithelial cells. F-actin in microvillar cores was labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin; measurements showed that the orientation was the same when microvillus formed a part of a brush border and when it was separated from it suggesting that "shaving" of brush borders did not distort microvillar structure. In the absence of nucleotide, polarization of fluorescence of actin cores in isolated microvilli was best fitted by assuming that a majority of fluorophores were arranged with a perfect helical symmetry along the axis of microvillus and that the absorption dipoles of fluorophores were inclined at 52 degrees with respect to the axis. When ATP was added, the shape of isolated microvilli did not change but polarization of fluorescence decreased, indicating statistically significant increase in disorder and a change of average angle to 54 degrees. We argue that these changes were due to mechanochemical interactions between actin and myosin-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Borejdo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75226
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Abstract
A theory of differential polarization imaging is derived using Mueller calculus. It is shown that, for any arbitrary object, 16 images (in general different) can be obtained by combining different incident polarizations of light and measuring the specific polarization components transmitted or scattered by the object. These are called the Mueller images of the object. Mathematical expressions of these images for an object of arbitrary geometry are derived using classical vector diffraction theory and the paraxial and thin lens approximations. The object is described as a collection of point polarizable groups. The electromagnetic fields are calculated using the first Born-Approximation, but extension of the theory to higher-order approximations is shown to be straightforward. These expressions are obtained for the transmission, or bright-field, geometry, and the scattering, or dark-field, configuration. In both cases, the contributions of scattering, absorption, and background illumination to the Mueller images are characterized. The contributions of linear dichroism, circular dichroism, and linear and circular intensity differential scattering to certain Mueller images are established. It is shown that the Mueller images represent a complete two-dimensional mapping of the molecular anisotropy of the object.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131
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Abstract
The microworld was revealed to investigators through a glass bead or a hanging water droplet long before optics was understood. The cellular structure of plants was well resolved by such simple magnifying glasses, van Leeuwenhoek, the Dutch merchant and amateur microscopist, was the first to report to the English Royal Society his observations of bacteria with his single-lens microscope in 1665.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kam
- Polymer Research Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Bustamante C, Maestre MF, Wells KS. Recent advances in polarization spectroscopy: perspectives of the extension to the soft X-ray region. Photochem Photobiol 1986; 44:331-41. [PMID: 3786454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb04672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Arndt-Jovin DJ, Robert-Nicoud M, Kaufman SJ, Jovin TM. Fluorescence digital imaging microscopy in cell biology. Science 1985; 230:247-56. [PMID: 4048934 DOI: 10.1126/science.4048934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Developments in microscope, sensor, and image-processing technologies have led to integrated systems for the quantification of low-light-level emission signals from biological samples. Specificity is provided in the form of monoclonal antibodies and other ligands or enzyme substrates conjugated with efficient fluorophores. Fluorescent probes are also available for cellular macromolecular constituents and for free ions of biological interest such as H+ and Ca2+. The entire spectrum of photophysical phenomena can be exploited. Representative data are presented from studies of DNA conformation and architecture in polytene chromosomes and from studies of receptor-mediated endocytosis, calcium distribution, and the organization of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.
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Mickols W, Maestre MF, Tinoco I, Embury SH. Visualization of oriented hemoglobin S in individual erythrocytes by differential extinction of polarized light. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985; 82:6527-31. [PMID: 3863110 PMCID: PMC390750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of oriented, polymerized sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) in erythrocytes is visualized with a microscope that produces an image proportional to linear dichroism. Monochromatic light alternately polarized along two perpendicular directions is incident on the sample. The image is focused on a diode array, and the digital output is used to form two images. One is the usual image proportional to the average transmitted light intensity of the two incident polarizations of light; the other is a linear differential image proportional to the linear dichroism of the sample. This quantitative image can specifically reveal oriented hemoglobin molecules with a sensitivity of about 4000 oriented molecules per picture element of the image.
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