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Cortese-Krott MM. The Reactive Species Interactome in Red Blood Cells: Oxidants, Antioxidants, and Molecular Targets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1736. [PMID: 37760039 PMCID: PMC10525652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their established role as oxygen carriers, red blood cells have recently been found to contribute to systemic NO and sulfide metabolism and act as potent circulating antioxidant cells. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive species derived from the metabolism of O2, NO, and H2S can interact with each other, potentially influencing common biological targets. These interactions have been encompassed in the concept of the reactive species interactome. This review explores the potential application of the concept of reactive species interactome to understand the redox physiology of RBCs. It specifically examines how reactive species are generated and detoxified, their interactions with each other, and their targets. Hemoglobin is a key player in the reactive species interactome within RBCs, given its abundance and fundamental role in O2/CO2 exchange, NO transport/metabolism, and sulfur species binding/production. Future research should focus on understanding how modulation of the reactive species interactome may regulate RBC biology, physiology, and their systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Fukuto JM. The Biological/Physiological Utility of Hydropersulfides (RSSH) and Related Species: What Is Old Is New Again. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:244-255. [PMID: 33985355 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is reported to be an important mediator involved in numerous physiological processes. H2S and hydropersulfides (RSSH) species are intimately linked biochemically. Therefore, interest in the mechanisms of the biological activity of H2S has led to investigations of the chemical biology of RSSH since they are likely to coexist in a biological system. Currently it is hypothesized that RSSH may be responsible for a least part of the observed H2S-mediated biology/physiology. Recent Advances: It has been recently touted that thiols (RSH) and RSSH have some important differences in terms of their chemical biology and that the generation of RSSH from RSH is purposeful to exploit these chemical differences as a response to a physiological or biological stress. This transformation may represent an unappreciated/unrecognized biological mechanism for dealing with cellular stresses. Critical Issues: Although recent studies indicate a diverse and potentially important chemical biology associated with RSSH species, these ideas have their foundations in early studies (some over 60 years old). It is vital to recognize the nature of this early work to fully appreciate the current ideas regarding RSSH biology. Importantly, these early studies were performed before the realization of purposeful H2S biosynthesis (before 1996). Future Directions: Taking clues from the past studies of RSSH chemistry and biology, progress in delineating the chemical biology of RSSH will continue. Determination of the possible relevance of RSSH chemical biology to signaling and cellular physiology will be a primary focus of many future studies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 244-255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
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3
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Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cells as a "Central Hub" for Sulfide Bioactivity: Scavenging, Metabolism, Transport, and Cross-Talk with Nitric Oxide. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1332-1349. [PMID: 33205994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Sulfide was revealed to be an endogenous signaling molecule regulating a plethora of cellular functions. It is involved in the regulation of fundamental processes, including blood pressure regulation, suspended animation, and metabolic activity of mitochondria, pain, and inflammation. The underlying biochemical pathways and pharmacological targets are still largely unidentified. Recent Advances: Red blood cells (RBCs) are known as oxygen transporters and were proposed to contribute to cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, also via interaction of hemoglobin with nitrite and NO itself. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that RBCs may also play a central role in systemic sulfide metabolism and homeostasis, and, potentially, in the crosstalk with NO. Heme-containing proteins such as hemoglobin were shown to be targeted by both NO and sulfide. In this article, we aim at revising and discussing the potential impact of RBCs on systemic sulfide metabolism in the cardiovascular system. Critical Issues: Although the synthetic pathways and the reactivity of hemoglobin and other heme proteins with sulfide and NO are known, the in vivo role of RBCs in sulfide metabolism, physiology, pharmacology, and its pathophysiological implications have not been characterized so far. Future Directions: To allow a better understanding of the role of RBCs in systemic sulfide metabolism and its cross-talk with NO, basic and translational science studies should be focused on dissecting the enzymatic and nonenzymatic sulfur metabolic pathways in RBCs in vivo and their impact on the cardiovascular system in animal models and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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The multifaceted roles of sulfane sulfur species in cancer-associated processes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148338. [PMID: 33212042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur species comprise a variety of biologically relevant hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-derived species, including per- and poly-sulfidated low molecular weight compounds and proteins. A growing body of evidence suggests that H2S, currently recognized as a key signaling molecule in human physiology and pathophysiology, plays an important role in cancer biology by modulating cell bioenergetics and contributing to metabolic reprogramming. This is accomplished through functional modulation of target proteins via H2S binding to heme iron centers or H2S-mediated reversible per- or poly-sulfidation of specific cysteine residues. Since sulfane sulfur species are increasingly viewed not only as a major source of H2S but also as key mediators of some of the biological effects commonly attributed to H2S, the multifaceted role of these species in cancer biology is reviewed here with reference to H2S, focusing on their metabolism, signaling function, impact on cell bioenergetics and anti-tumoral properties.
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5
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Zivanovic J, Kouroussis E, Kohl JB, Adhikari B, Bursac B, Schott-Roux S, Petrovic D, Miljkovic JL, Thomas-Lopez D, Jung Y, Miler M, Mitchell S, Milosevic V, Gomes JE, Benhar M, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Ivanovic-Burmazovic I, Torregrossa R, Mitchell JR, Whiteman M, Schwarz G, Snyder SH, Paul BD, Carroll KS, Filipovic MR. Selective Persulfide Detection Reveals Evolutionarily Conserved Antiaging Effects of S-Sulfhydration. Cell Metab 2019; 30:1152-1170.e13. [PMID: 31735592 PMCID: PMC7185476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Life on Earth emerged in a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-rich environment eons ago and with it protein persulfidation mediated by H2S evolved as a signaling mechanism. Protein persulfidation (S-sulfhydration) is a post-translational modification of reactive cysteine residues, which modulate protein structure and/or function. Persulfides are difficult to label and study due to their reactivity and similarity with cysteine. Here, we report a facile strategy for chemoselective persulfide bioconjugation using dimedone-based probes, to achieve highly selective, rapid, and robust persulfide labeling in biological samples with broad utility. Using this method, we show persulfidation is an evolutionarily conserved modification and waves of persulfidation are employed by cells to resolve sulfenylation and prevent irreversible cysteine overoxidation preserving protein function. We report an age-associated decline in persulfidation that is conserved across evolutionary boundaries. Accordingly, dietary or pharmacological interventions to increase persulfidation associate with increased longevity and improved capacity to cope with stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Zivanovic
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilia Kouroussis
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joshua B Kohl
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bikash Adhikari
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Biljana Bursac
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sonia Schott-Roux
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dunja Petrovic
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jan Lj Miljkovic
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Thomas-Lopez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Verica Milosevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jose Eduardo Gomes
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bindu D Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France.
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6
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Benchoam D, Cuevasanta E, Möller MN, Alvarez B. Hydrogen Sulfide and Persulfides Oxidation by Biologically Relevant Oxidizing Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8020048. [PMID: 30813248 PMCID: PMC6406583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S/HS–) can be formed in mammalian tissues and exert physiological effects. It can react with metal centers and oxidized thiol products such as disulfides (RSSR) and sulfenic acids (RSOH). Reactions with oxidized thiol products form persulfides (RSSH/RSS–). Persulfides have been proposed to transduce the signaling effects of H2S through the modification of critical cysteines. They are more nucleophilic and acidic than thiols and, contrary to thiols, also possess electrophilic character. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry of hydrogen sulfide and persulfides, focusing on redox aspects. We describe biologically relevant one- and two-electron oxidants and their reactions with H2S and persulfides, as well as the fates of the oxidation products. The biological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Benchoam
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Ernesto Cuevasanta
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
- Unidad de Bioquímica Analítica, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Matías N Möller
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
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7
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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8
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Fukuto JM, Ignarro LJ, Nagy P, Wink DA, Kevil CG, Feelisch M, Cortese-Krott MM, Bianco CL, Kumagai Y, Hobbs AJ, Lin J, Ida T, Akaike T. Biological hydropersulfides and related polysulfides - a new concept and perspective in redox biology. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2140-2152. [PMID: 29754415 PMCID: PMC6033183 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical biology of thiols (RSH, e.g., cysteine and cysteine-containing proteins/peptides) has been a topic of extreme interest for many decades due to their reported roles in protein structure/folding, redox signaling, metal ligation, cellular protection, and enzymology. While many of the studies on thiol/sulfur biochemistry have focused on thiols, relatively ignored have been hydropersulfides (RSSH) and higher order polysulfur species (RSSn H, RSSn R, n > 1). Recent and provocative work has alluded to the prevalence and likely physiological importance of RSSH and related RSSn H. RSSH of cysteine (Cys-SSH) has been found to be prevalent in mammalian systems along with Cys-SSH-containing proteins. The RSSH functionality has not been examined to the extent of other biologically relevant sulfur derivatives (e.g., sulfenic acids, disulfides, etc.), whose roles in cell signaling are strongly indicated. The recent finding of Cys-SSH biosynthesis and translational incorporation into proteins is an unequivocal indication of its fundamental importance and necessitates a more profound look into the physiology of RSSH. In this Review, we discuss the currently reported chemical biology of RSSH (and related species) as a prelude to discussing their possible physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Louis J Ignarro
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for the Health Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David A Wink
- Tumor Biology Section, Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana Statue University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin Feelisch
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher L Bianco
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart & London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Filipovic MR, Zivanovic J, Alvarez B, Banerjee R. Chemical Biology of H 2S Signaling through Persulfidation. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1253-1337. [PMID: 29112440 PMCID: PMC6029264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R. Filipovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la Republica, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
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10
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Biological chemistry of hydrogen sulfide and persulfides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:9-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Patterson SE, Moeller B, Nagasawa HT, Vince R, Crankshaw DL, Briggs J, Stutelberg MW, Vinnakota CV, Logue BA. Development of sulfanegen for mass cyanide casualties. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:202-9. [PMID: 27308865 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide is a metabolic poison that inhibits the utilization of oxygen to form ATP. The consequences of acute cyanide exposure are severe; exposure results in loss of consciousness, cardiac and respiratory failure, hypoxic brain injury, and dose-dependent death within minutes to hours. In a mass-casualty scenario, such as an industrial accident or terrorist attack, currently available cyanide antidotes would leave many victims untreated in the short time available for successful administration of a medical countermeasure. This restricted therapeutic window reflects the rate-limiting step of intravenous administration, which requires both time and trained medical personnel. Therefore, there is a need for rapidly acting antidotes that can be quickly administered to large numbers of people. To meet this need, our laboratory is developing sulfanegen, a potential antidote for cyanide poisoning with a novel mechanism based on 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) for the detoxification of cyanide. Additionally, sulfanegen can be rapidly administered by intramuscular injection and has shown efficacy in many species of animal models. This article summarizes the journey from concept to clinical leads for this promising cyanide antidote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Patterson
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bryant Moeller
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Herbert T Nagasawa
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daune L Crankshaw
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jacquie Briggs
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael W Stutelberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Chakravarthy V Vinnakota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Brian A Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
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12
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Mishanina TV, Libiad M, Banerjee R. Biogenesis of reactive sulfur species for signaling by hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathways. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:457-64. [PMID: 26083070 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemical species involved in H2S signaling remain elusive despite the profound and pleiotropic physiological effects elicited by this molecule. The dominant candidate mechanism for sulfide signaling is persulfidation of target proteins. However, the relatively poor reactivity of H2S toward oxidized thiols, such as disulfides, the low concentration of disulfides in the reducing milieu of the cell and the low steady-state concentration of H2S raise questions about the plausibility of persulfide formation via reaction between an oxidized thiol and a sulfide anion or a reduced thiol and oxidized hydrogen disulfide. In contrast, sulfide oxidation pathways, considered to be primarily mechanisms for disposing of excess sulfide, generate a series of reactive sulfur species, including persulfides, polysulfides and thiosulfate, that could modify target proteins. We posit that sulfide oxidation pathways mediate sulfide signaling and that sulfurtransferases ensure target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Mishanina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marouane Libiad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Mijušković A, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Nikolić-Kokić A, Slavić M, Spasić MB, Spasojević I, Blagojević D. Comparison of the effects of methanethiol and sodium sulphide on uterine contractile activity. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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van Zwieten R, Verhoeven AJ, Roos D. Inborn defects in the antioxidant systems of human red blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:377-86. [PMID: 24316370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) contain large amounts of iron and operate in highly oxygenated tissues. As a result, these cells encounter a continuous oxidative stress. Protective mechanisms against oxidation include prevention of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenging of various forms of ROS, and repair of oxidized cellular contents. In general, a partial defect in any of these systems can harm RBCs and promote senescence, but is without chronic hemolytic complaints. In this review we summarize the often rare inborn defects that interfere with the various protective mechanisms present in RBCs. NADPH is the main source of reduction equivalents in RBCs, used by most of the protective systems. When NADPH becomes limiting, red cells are prone to being damaged. In many of the severe RBC enzyme deficiencies, a lack of protective enzyme activity is frustrating erythropoiesis or is not restricted to RBCs. Common hereditary RBC disorders, such as thalassemia, sickle-cell trait, and unstable hemoglobins, give rise to increased oxidative stress caused by free heme and iron generated from hemoglobin. The beneficial effect of thalassemia minor, sickle-cell trait, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on survival of malaria infection may well be due to the shared feature of enhanced oxidative stress. This may inhibit parasite growth, enhance uptake of infected RBCs by spleen macrophages, and/or cause less cytoadherence of the infected cells to capillary endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van Zwieten
- Laboratory of Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply Organization, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Laboratory of Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply Organization, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Li Q, Lancaster JR. Chemical foundations of hydrogen sulfide biology. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:21-34. [PMID: 23850631 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) and carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide (or its newer systematic name sulfane, H2S) became the third small molecule that can be both toxic and beneficial depending on the concentration. In spite of its impressive therapeutic potential, the underlying mechanisms for its beneficial effects remain unclear. Any novel mechanism has to obey fundamental chemical principles. H2S chemistry was studied long before its biological relevance was discovered, however, with a few exceptions, these past works have received relatively little attention in the path of exploring the mechanistic conundrum of H2S biological functions. This review calls attention to the basic physical and chemical properties of H2S, focuses on the chemistry between H2S and its three potential biological targets: oxidants, metals and thiol derivatives, discusses the applications of these basics into H2S biology and methodology, and introduces the standard terminology to this youthful field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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16
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Fukuto JM, Carrington SJ, Tantillo DJ, Harrison JG, Ignarro LJ, Freeman BA, Chen A, Wink DA. Small molecule signaling agents: the integrated chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogen oxides, oxides of carbon, dioxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and their derived species. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:769-93. [PMID: 22263838 PMCID: PMC4061765 DOI: 10.1021/tx2005234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several small molecule species formally known primarily as toxic gases have, over the past 20 years, been shown to be endogenously generated signaling molecules. The biological signaling associated with the small molecules NO, CO, H₂S (and the nonendogenously generated O₂), and their derived species have become a topic of extreme interest. It has become increasingly clear that these small molecule signaling agents form an integrated signaling web that affects/regulates numerous physiological processes. The chemical interactions between these species and each other or biological targets is an important factor in their roles as signaling agents. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the chemistry of these molecules is essential to understanding their biological/physiological utility. This review focuses on this chemistry and attempts to establish the chemical basis for their signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA.
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17
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Spasojević I, Bogdanović Pristov J, Vujisić L, Spasić M. The reaction of methionine with hydroxyl radical: reactive intermediates and methanethiol production. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2439-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Toohey JI. Sulfur signaling: is the agent sulfide or sulfane? Anal Biochem 2011; 413:1-7. [PMID: 21303647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John I Toohey
- Cytoregulation Research, Elgin, Ontario, Canada K0G 1E0.
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19
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Yoshida A, Yoshimura M, Ohara N, Yoshimura S, Nagashima S, Takehara T, Nakayama K. Hydrogen Sulfide Production From Cysteine and Homocysteine by Periodontal and Oral Bacteria. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1845-51. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Tangerman A. Measurement and biological significance of the volatile sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in various biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3366-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Tanabe S. [Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:881-900. [PMID: 18520135 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic sulfur compounds, such as S(2-), SO(3)(2-) and S(2)O(3)(2-), are produced from sulfur- containing amino acids as intermediary metabolites in mammalian tissues through complex pathways and are ultimately incorporated into sulfate. Reduced sulfur is also produced via the desulfuration of cysteine by several sulfurtransferases present in mammalian tissues; these enzymes include gamma-cystathionase (gamma-CST), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). This reduced sulfur is then incorporated into pools of active reduced sulfur (sulfane sulfur; polysulfides, polythionates, thiosulfate, thiosulfonates and elemental sulfur) that are involved in the detoxication of cyanide and in the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur cluster. Sulfane sulfur is labile and is reduced to H(2)S by reducing agents. The physiological function of these sulfur species is less clear. We have found that a reduced sulfur species is commonly present in mammalian sera and tissues as a high molecular weight material and as both a high and a low molecular weight material, respectively; we designated this sulfur species as "bound sulfur." Bound sulfur can be easily liberated as sulfide by reduction with DTT. This review describes sensitive and specific assay method for determining the presence of inorganic sulfur compounds as well as bound sulfur and related sulfurtransferases in biological samples. The physiological functions of bound sulfur in rat tissues were also evaluated using these assay methods. Bound sulfur was found to be located primarily in the rat liver cytosolic fraction in the form of high molecular weight components. The capacity of bound sulfur production was enriched in the cytosol fraction and depended on gamma-CST. Bound sulfur also affected redox regulation by modifying active thiol residues in some liver cytosol enzymes and effectively inhibited cytochrome P-450-dependent lipid peroxidation induced by CCl(4) and t-BuOOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinzo Tanabe
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose City, Japan.
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22
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Banudevi S, Arunkumar A, Sharmila M, Senthilkumar J, Balasubramanian K, Srinivasan N, Aruldhas MM, Arunakaran J. Diallyl Disulfide-Induced Modulation of a Few Phase I and II Drug Metabolizing Enzymes on Aroclor 1254 Toxicity in Rattus norvegicus Liver and Ventral Prostate. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2005. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.36.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Bearing the public image of a deadly "gas of rotten eggs," hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can be generated in many types of mammalian cells. Functionally, H2S has been implicated in the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation, brain development, and blood pressure regulation. By acting specifically on KATP channels, H2S can hyperpolarize cell membranes, relax smooth muscle cells, or decrease neuronal excitability. The endogenous metabolism and physiological functions of H2S position this gas well in the novel family of endogenous gaseous transmitters, termed "gasotransmitters." It is hypothesized that H2S is the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. This positioning of H2S will open an exciting field-H2S physiology-encompassing realization of the interaction of H2S and other gasotransmitters, sulfurating modification of proteins, and the functional role of H2S in multiple systems. It may shed light on the pathogenesis of many diseases related to the abnormal metabolism of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5.
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24
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Abstract
Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide, are primarily responsible for oral malodor. Recently, the mgl gene encoding L-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane-lyase, which produces methyl mercaptan, was cloned from Porphyromonas gingivalis. This article discusses the mechanism and pathogenic role of the formation of VSCs by oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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25
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Acan NL, Ozer N. Modification of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase by an active site-directed reagent: bromopyruvate. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:457-64. [PMID: 11916152 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase was modified with bromopyruvate and the kinetic behavior of the modified enzyme was investigated. When the enzyme was modified with bromopyruvate in the absence of adenosine-5'-diphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate or fructose-1,6-diphosphate the inactivation followed a pseudo first-order kinetics. The inactivation rate constant, ks, was 1.84 +/- 0.15 min(-1). Kd of the bromopyruvate-enzyme complex was 0.14 +/- 0.03 mM. The presence of adenosine-5'-diphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate or fructose-1,6-diphosphate in the modification medium or the presence of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in the assay medium resulted in deviation of the inactivation kinetics from pseudo first-order. Phosphoenolpyruvate was better than adenosine-5'-diphosphate for protection against bromopyruvate modification whereas fructose-1,6-diphosphate was ineffective. The modified enzyme showed negative cooperativity in the presence of fructose-1,6-diphosphate whereas in the absence of it no activity was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Acan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Abstract
Mental retardation is progressive in Down syndrome: individuals are born with normal intelligence which starts to decline linearly within the first year. This phenomenon can be observed with phenylalanine in patients with phenylketonuria, therefore it is compatible with metabolic intoxication. The toxic compound could be hydrogen sulfide. The amount of the compound is probably increased in Down syndrome by increasing active cystathionine beta synthase. This heuristic hypothesis requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kamoun
- Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale B, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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27
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Krupka HI, Huber R, Holt SC, Clausen T. Crystal structure of cystalysin from Treponema denticola: a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent protein acting as a haemolytic enzyme. EMBO J 2000; 19:3168-78. [PMID: 10880431 PMCID: PMC313955 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.13.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystalysin is a C(beta)-S(gamma) lyase from the oral pathogen Treponema denticola catabolyzing L-cysteine to produce pyruvate, ammonia and H(2)S. With its ability to induce cell lysis, cystalysin represents a new class of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent virulence factors. The crystal structure of cystalysin was solved at 1.9 A resolution and revealed a folding and quaternary arrangement similar to aminotransferases. Based on the active site architecture, a detailed catalytic mechanism is proposed for the catabolism of S-containing amino acid substrates yielding H(2)S and cysteine persulfide. Since no homologies were observed with known haemolysins the cytotoxicity of cystalysin is attributed to this chemical reaction. Analysis of the cystalysin-L-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) complex revealed a 'dead end' ketimine PLP derivative, resulting in a total loss of enzyme activity. Cystalysin represents an essential factor of adult periodontitis, therefore the structure of the cystalysin-AVG complex may provide the chemical basis for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Krupka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturforschung, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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28
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Abstract
Washed human erythrocytes incubated with glucose and S8 and purged with N2 produced H2S at a nearly constant rate of 170 mumol (L cells)-1 min-1, which continued for several hours. In sealed vials up to 25 mM HS- accumulated. Glucose caused the fastest H2S production, although either lactate or glycerol could support slower rates. When glucose was added without S8, anoxic H2S production nonetheless occurred at about 1.5% of the maximum rate, after 24 hr totaling 0.5 mmol H2S (L cells)-1, suggesting the presence of endogenous reducible sulfur. Anaerobic conditions were not required, since oxygenated cells produced H2S from S8 at 80% of the anoxic rate. Using cell lysates, production of H2S occurred after addition of either glutathione, NADH, or NADPH. The observations suggest possible physiological roles for H2S as an electron carrier, and are consistent with an evolutionary relationship between eukaryotic cytoplasm and sulfur-reducing Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Searcy
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003-5810, USA.
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29
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Ogasawara Y, Suzuki T, Ishii K, Tanabe S. Modification of liver cytosol enzyme activities promoted in vitro by reduced sulfur species generated from cystine with gamma-cystathionase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1334:33-43. [PMID: 9042363 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cytosolic gamma-cystathionase catalyzes the generation of reduced sulfur species, referred to as "bound sulfur,' in the presence of cystine. Incubating a rat liver cytosol fraction in the presence of cystine or oxidized glutathione inactivated certain cytosolic enzyme activities. The activities of cytosolic phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase rapidly decreased at pH 7.4 during incubation with a lower concentration of cystine than during incubation with oxidized glutathione. Hexokinase and 11 other enzymes in the system were affected minimally or not at all. Adding dithiothreitol to the system reactivated the modified enzymes. Inactivated PFK activity could also be recovered when reduced glutathione or NADPH was added to the cytosol fraction. In these reconstitution systems, purified rat liver PFK was directly inactivated with cystine trisulfide (one of the low molecular types of bound sulfur), but not by cystine (below 0.1 mM). Purified PFK was also inactivated by incubation with cystine plus gamma-cystathionase freshly prepared from cytosol. This was not observed, however, when gamma-cystathionase was pretreated with a specific inhibitor, D,L-propargylglycine. The cystine-dependent inactivation of PFK observed in liver cytosol is shown to be caused mainly by the reaction between bound sulfur and the enzyme, but not by the direct thiol/disulfide exchange. Thus, in vitro modification of the cytosolic enzymes by bound sulfur generated from cystine with gamma-cystathionase has high potency and relatively specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogasawara
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Papov VV, Gravina SA, Mieyal JJ, Biemann K. The primary structure and properties of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) from human red blood cells. Protein Sci 1994; 3:428-34. [PMID: 8019414 PMCID: PMC2142694 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) was purified from human red blood cells essentially as described previously (Mieyal JJ et al., 1991a, Biochemistry 30:6088-6097). The primary sequence of the HPLC-pure enzyme was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and found to represent a 105-amino acid protein of molecular weight 11,688 Da. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of this enzyme are common to the group of proteins called glutaredoxins among the family of thiol:disulfide oxidoreductases that also includes thioredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase. Although this human red blood cell glutaredoxin (hRBC Grx) is highly homologous to the 3 other mammalian Grx proteins whose sequences are known (calf thymus, rabbit bone marrow, and pig liver), there are a number of significant differences. Most notably an additional cysteine residue (Cys-7) occurs near the N-terminus of the human enzyme in place of a serine residue in the other proteins. In addition, residue 51 of hRBC Grx displayed a mixture of Asp and Asn. This result is consistent with isoelectric focusing analysis, which revealed 2 distinct bands for either the oxidized or reduced forms of the protein. Because the enzyme was prepared from blood combined from a number of individual donors, it is not clear whether this Asp/Asn ambiguity represents inter-individual variation, gene duplication, or a deamidation artifact of purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Papov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139-4307
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Mieyal JJ, Starke DW, Gravina SA, Dothey C, Chung JS. Thioltransferase in human red blood cells: purification and properties. Biochemistry 1991; 30:6088-97. [PMID: 1829380 DOI: 10.1021/bi00239a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thioltransferase activity was identified and the enzyme purified to apparent homogeneity from human red blood cells. Activity was measured as glutathione-dependent reduction of the prototype substrate hydroxyethyl disulfide; formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was coupled to NADPH oxidation by GSSG reductase (1 unit of activity = 1 mumol/min of NADPH oxidized). The thioltransferase-GSH-GSSG reductase system was shown also to catalyze the regeneration of hemoglobin from the mixed disulfide hemoglobin-S-S-glutathione (HbSSG) and to reactivate the metabolic control enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) after oxidation of its sulfhydryl groups. On a relative concentration basis, thioltransferase was about 1200 times more efficient than dithiothreitol in reactivation of phosphofructokinase; e.g., 500 microM DTT was required to effect the same extent of reactivation as that of 0.4 microM TTase. The GSH plus GSSG reductase system without thioltransferase was ineffective for reduction of HbSSG or reactivation of PFK. The average amount of thioltransferase in intact erythrocytes was calculated to be 4.6 units/g of Hb at 25 degrees C. This level of activity is about the same as those of other enzymes that participate in sulfhydryl maintenance in red blood cells, such as GSSG reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These results suggest a physiological role for the thioltransferase in erythrocyte sulfhydryl homeostasis. Certain properties of the human erythrocyte thioltransferase resemble those of other mammalian thioltransferase and glutaredoxin enzymes. Thus, the human erythrocyte enzyme, purified about 28,000-fold to apparent homogeneity, is a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 11,300. Its N-terminus is blocked, it is heat stable, and it contains four cysteine residues per protein molecule. However, the human erythrocyte thioltransferase is a distinct protein based on its amino acid composition. For example, it contains no methionine residues; whereas the related mammalian enzymes described to date have at least one internal methionine residue in their largely homologous sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Abstract
In infected sites such as the gingival pockets of patients with periodontal disease, sulfide levels up to 1 mmol/liter may be reached. There is little information, however, on how sulfide may interact with the host defense. In a previous study (R. Claesson, M. Granlund-Edstedt, S. Persson, and J. Carlsson, Infect. Immun. 57:2776-2781, 1989), it was shown that polymorphonuclear leukocytes were able to kill bacteria in the presence of 1 mM sulfide. However, sulfide seemed to interfere with the opsonization of the bacteria. It has been claimed that sulfide may be toxic by splitting disulfide bonds of proteins. In the present study, serum was exposed to 2 mM sulfide under anaerobic conditions, and the capacity of sulfide to split disulfide bonds of 10 serum proteins involved in opsonization was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodetection of the proteins after blotting. Sulfide had a low capacity to split the disulfide bonds of most proteins. Sulfide had, however, a pronounced effect on the complement component C3 in the form of C3bi. Sulfide released the C-terminal region of the alpha chain from C3bi. When C3 opsonizes bacteria, it is this region of C3bi which binds to complement receptor 3 (CR3) of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. If sulfide has the same effect on C3bi deposited on the bacterial surface as it has on C3bi in solution, it will annihilate the very important contribution of C3bi to opsonization.
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Warenycia MW, Goodwin LR, Francom DM, Dieken FP, Kombian SB, Reiffenstein RJ. Dithiothreitol liberates non-acid labile sulfide from brain tissue of H2S-poisoned animals. Arch Toxicol 1990; 64:650-5. [PMID: 2090033 DOI: 10.1007/bf01974693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acid-labile sulfide measured by conventional gas dialysis and ion chromatography with electrochemical detection accounts for only a proportion of the total sulfide present in brain tissue after poisoning with NaHS, an H2S precursor. Dithiothreitol (DTT) displaced additional measurable sulfide not detectable by the conventional techniques from NaHS-poisoned brain tissue. Sulfide liberation by DTT was dose-dependent and maximal at higher DTT concentration (10 and 30 mM) and was thought to represent non-acid labile sulfide. Dithiothreitol was also found to be significantly protective against H2S poisoning. Furthermore, in vitro inhibition by sulfide of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was reversed by DTT, thus suggesting a molecular mechanism consistent with known persulfide chemistry. Persulfide formation may thus underlie some aspects of hydrogen sulfide neurotoxicity. The rational development of antidotes for use in H2S poisoning may thus have to be centered on strategies concentrating on known thiol, disulfide and persulfide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Warenycia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Persson S, Edlund MB, Claesson R, Carlsson J. The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1990; 5:195-201. [PMID: 2082242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1990.tb00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to form volatile sulfur compounds was tested in bacteria isolated from subgingival microbiotas and in a representative number of reference strains. A majority of the 75 tested oral bacterial species and 7 unnamed bacterial taxa formed significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine. The most active bacteria were found in the genera Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Selenomonas, Centipeda, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. Methyl mercaptan from L-methionine was formed by some members of the genera Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas and Eubacterium. When incubated in serum for 7 d, the most potent producers of hydrogen sulfide were Treponema denticola and the black-pigmented species, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides loescheii, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis also produced significant amounts of methyl mercaptan in serum. No other volatile sulfur compound was detected in serum or in the presence of L-cysteine and L-methionine. These findings significantly increase the list of oral bacteria known to produce volatile sulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Persson
- Department of Oral Microbiology, University of Umiea, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Toohey
- Cytoregulation Research, Elgin, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Hargrove JL. Persulfide generated from L-cysteine inactivates tyrosine aminotransferase. Requirement for a protein with cysteine oxidase activity and gamma-cystathionase. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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