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Sharma G, Round J, Teng F, Ali Z, May C, Yung E, Holt RA. A synthetic cytotoxic T cell platform for rapidly prototyping TCR function. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:182. [PMID: 39160299 PMCID: PMC11333705 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Current tools for functionally profiling T cell receptors with respect to cytotoxic potency and cross-reactivity are hampered by difficulties in establishing model systems to test these proteins in the contexts of different HLA alleles and against broad arrays of potential antigens. We have implemented a granzyme-activatable sensor of T cell cytotoxicity in a universal prototyping platform which enables facile recombinant expression of any combination of TCR-, peptide-, and class I MHC-coding sequences and direct assessment of resultant responses. This system consists of an engineered cell platform based on the immortalized natural killer cell line, YT-Indy, and the MHC-null antigen-presenting cell line, K562. These cells were engineered to furnish the YT-Indy/K562 pair with appropriate protein domains required for recombinant TCR expression and function in a non-T cell chassis, integrate a fluorescence-based target-centric early detection reporter of cytotoxic function, and deploy a set of protective genetic interventions designed to preserve antigen-presenting cells for subsequent capture and downstream characterization. Our data show successful reconstitution of the surface TCR complex in the YT-Indy cell line at biologically relevant levels. We also demonstrate successful induction and highly sensitive detection of antigen-specific response in multiple distinct model TCRs. Additionally, we monitored destruction of targets in co-culture and found that our survival-optimized system allowed for complete preservation after 24 h exposure to cytotoxic effectors. With this bioplatform, we anticipate investigators will be empowered to rapidly express and characterize T cell receptor responses, generate knowledge regarding the patterns of T cell receptor recognition, and optimize therapeutic T cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Round
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fei Teng
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zahra Ali
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris May
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert A Holt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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2
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Kelly JJ, Bloodworth N, Shao Q, Shabanowitz J, Hunt D, Meiler J, Pires MM. A Chemical Approach to Assess the Impact of Post-translational Modification on MHC Peptide Binding and Effector Cell Engagement. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 39150956 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a pivotal role in the presentation of peptidic fragments from proteins, which can originate from self-proteins or from nonhuman antigens, such as those produced by viruses or bacteria. To prevent cytotoxicity against healthy cells, thymocytes expressing T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize self-peptides are removed from circulation (negative selection), thus leaving T cells that recognize nonself-peptides. Current understanding suggests that post-translationally modified (PTM) proteins and the resulting peptide fragments they generate following proteolysis are largely excluded from negative selection; this feature means that PTMs can generate nonself-peptides that potentially contribute to the development of autoreactive T cells and subsequent autoimmune diseases. Although it is well-established that PTMs are prevalent in peptides present on MHCs, the precise mechanisms by which PTMs influence the antigen presentation machinery remain poorly understood. In the present work, we introduce chemical modifications mimicking PTMs on synthetic peptides. This is the first systematic study isolating the impact of PTMs on MHC binding and also their impact on TCR recognition. Our findings reveal various ways PTMs alter antigen presentation, which could have implications for tumor neoantigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey J Kelly
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathaniel Bloodworth
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Donald Hunt
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Institute of Drug Discovery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Leipzig, Leipzig, SAC 04103, Germany
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Marcos M Pires
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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3
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Sarna NS, Desai SH, Kaufman BG, Curry NM, Hanna AM, King MR. Enhanced and sustained T cell activation in response to fluid shear stress. iScience 2024; 27:109999. [PMID: 38883838 PMCID: PMC11177201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of T cell therapies in treating solid tumors is limited by poor in vivo persistence, proliferation, and cytotoxicity, which can be attributed to limited and variable ex vivo activation. Herein, we present a 10-day kinetic profile of T cells subjected to fluid shear stress (FSS) ex vivo, with and without stimulation utilizing bead-conjugated anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. We demonstrate that mechanical stimulation via FSS combined with bead-bound anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies yields a synergistic effect, resulting in amplified and sustained downstream signaling (NF-κB, c-Fos, and NFAT), expression of activation markers (CD69 and CD25), proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2). This study represents the first characterization of the dynamic response of primary T cells to FSS. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of mechanosensitive ion channel-mediated mechanobiological signaling in T cell activation and fitness, enabling the development of strategies to address the current challenges associated with poor immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Sarna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Shanay H Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Benjamin G Kaufman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Natalie M Curry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Anne M Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
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4
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Doelman W, Ligthart NAM, van de Plassche MAT, de Geus MAR, Reinalda L, Isendoorn MME, Filippov DV, van Kasteren SI. Synthesis of Peptides Containing a Combination of Free and 2-trans-Cyclooctene Carbamate Protected Lysine Residues. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300786. [PMID: 38126970 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The allylic trans-cyclooctene (TCO) functionality facilitates powerful control over the spatiotemporal activity of bio-active molecules, enabling precision targeting of druglike and imaging modalities. However, the introduction of this function onto molecules remains chemically challenging, particularly for peptides. Modification with TCOs of this important class of biomolecules remains a challenge, primarily due to the sensitivity of the TCO group to the strong acids typically used in global deprotection during solid phase peptide synthesis. Here, we present a novel synthetic approach to site-selectively introduce TCO-groups in peptides. Our approach utilizes azide groups to mask amine functions, enabling selective introduction of the TCO on a single lysine residue. Staudinger reduction of the azides back to the corresponding amines proceeds without disturbing the sensitive TCO. We show that using our method, we can produce TCO-inactivated antigenic peptides of previously unseen complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Doelman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - M A R de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L Reinalda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - D V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Sharma G, Round J, Teng F, Ali Z, May C, Yung E, Holt RA. A Synthetic Cytotoxic T cell Platform for Rapidly Prototyping TCR Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567960. [PMID: 38045272 PMCID: PMC10690155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Current tools for functionally profiling T cell receptors with respect to cytotoxic potency and cross-reactivity are hampered by difficulties in establishing model systems to test these proteins in the contexts of different HLA alleles and against broad arrays of potential antigens. We have implemented and validated a granzyme-activatable sensor of T cell cytotoxicity in a novel universal prototyping platform which enables facile recombinant expression of any combination of TCR-, peptide-, and class I MHC-coding sequences and direct assessment of resultant responses. This system consists of an engineered cell platform based on the immortalized natural killer cell line, YT-Indy, and the MHC-null antigen-presenting cell line, K562. These cells were engineered using contemporary gene-editing techniques to furnish the YT-Indy/K562 pair with appropriate protein domains required for recombinant TCR expression and function in a non-T cell chassis, integrate a fluorescence-based target-centric early detection reporter of cytotoxic function, and deploy a set of protective genetic interventions designed to preserve antigen-presenting cells for subsequent capture and downstream characterization. Our data show successful reconstitution of the surface TCR complex in the YT-Indy cell line at biologically relevant levels. We also demonstrate successful induction and highly sensitive detection of antigen-specific response in multiple distinct model TCRs, with significant responses (p < 0.05 and Cohen's d >1.9) in all cases. Additionally, we monitored destruction of targets in co-culture and found that our survival-optimized system allowed for complete preservation after 24-hour exposure to cytotoxic effectors. With this bioplatform, we anticipate investigators will be empowered to rapidly express and characterize T cell receptor responses, generate new knowledge regarding the patterns of T cell receptor recognition, and optimize novel therapeutic T cell receptors for improved cytotoxic potential and reduced cross-reactivity to undesired antigenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - James Round
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Fei Teng
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Zahra Ali
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Chris May
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; C201 – 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1; Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; SSB8166 – 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6; Canada
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6
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Chen X, Lu Q, Zhou H, Liu J, Nadorp B, Lasry A, Sun Z, Lai B, Rona G, Zhang J, Cammer M, Wang K, Al-Santli W, Ciantra Z, Guo Q, You J, Sengupta D, Boukhris A, Zhang H, Liu C, Cresswell P, Dahia PLM, Pagano M, Aifantis I, Wang J. A membrane-associated MHC-I inhibitory axis for cancer immune evasion. Cell 2023; 186:3903-3920.e21. [PMID: 37557169 PMCID: PMC10961051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment, but some cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), do not respond or develop resistance. A potential mode of resistance is immune evasion of T cell immunity involving aberrant major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation (AP). To map such mechanisms of resistance, we identified key MHC-I regulators using specific peptide-MHC-I-guided CRISPR-Cas9 screens in AML. The top-ranked negative regulators were surface protein sushi domain containing 6 (SUSD6), transmembrane protein 127 (TMEM127), and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2. SUSD6 is abundantly expressed in AML and multiple solid cancers, and its ablation enhanced MHC-I AP and reduced tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Mechanistically, SUSD6 forms a trimolecular complex with TMEM127 and MHC-I, which recruits WWP2 for MHC-I ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. Together with the SUSD6/TMEM127/WWP2 gene signature, which negatively correlates with cancer survival, our findings define a membrane-associated MHC-I inhibitory axis as a potential therapeutic target for both leukemia and solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bettina Nadorp
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Audrey Lasry
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zhengxi Sun
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Baoling Lai
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gergely Rona
- The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jiangyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy Core, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wafa Al-Santli
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zoe Ciantra
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qianjin Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jia You
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Debrup Sengupta
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ahmad Boukhris
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Patricia L M Dahia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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7
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Song K, Nguyen DC, Luu T, Yazdani O, Roy D, Stayton PS, Pun SH. A mannosylated polymer with endosomal release properties for peptide antigen delivery. J Control Release 2023; 356:232-241. [PMID: 36878319 PMCID: PMC10693254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide cancer vaccines have had limited clinical success despite their safety, characterization and production advantages. We hypothesize that the poor immunogenicity of peptides can be surmounted by delivery vehicles that overcome the systemic, cellular and intracellular drug delivery barriers faced by peptides. Here, we introduce Man-VIPER, a self-assembling (40-50 nm micelles), pH-sensitive, mannosylated polymeric peptide delivery platform that targets dendritic cells in the lymph nodes, encapsulates peptide antigens at physiological pH, and facilitates endosomal release of antigens at acidic endosomal pH through a conjugated membranolytic peptide melittin. We used d-melittin to improve the safety profile of the formulation without compromising the lytic properties. We evaluated polymers with both releasable (Man-VIPER-R) or non-releasable (Man-VIPER-NR) d-melittin. Both Man-VIPER polymers exhibited superior endosomolysis and antigen cross-presentation compared to non-membranolytic d-melittin-free analogues (Man-AP) in vitro. In vivo, Man-VIPER polymers demonstrated an adjuvanting effect, induced the proliferation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells compared to free peptides and Man-AP. Remarkably, antigen delivery with Man-VIPER-NR generated significantly more antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells than Man-VIPER-R in vivo. As our candidate for a therapeutic vaccine, Man-VIPER-NR exerted superior efficacy in a B16F10-OVA tumor model. These results highlight Man-VIPER-NR as a safe and powerful peptide cancer vaccine platform for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
| | - Dinh Chuong Nguyen
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, USA
| | - Tran Luu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
| | - Omeed Yazdani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
| | - Debashish Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, USA.
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, USA.
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8
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Fan B, Torres García D, Salehi M, Webber MJ, van Kasteren SI, Eelkema R. Dynamic Covalent Dextran Hydrogels as Injectable, Self-Adjuvating Peptide Vaccine Depots. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:652-659. [PMID: 36799174 PMCID: PMC10028604 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dextran-based hydrogels are promising therapeutic materials for drug delivery, tissue regeneration devices, and cell therapy vectors, due to their high biocompatibility, along with their ability to protect and release active therapeutic agents. This report describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new dynamic covalent dextran hydrogel as an injectable depot for peptide vaccines. Dynamic covalent crosslinks based on double Michael addition of thiols to alkynones impart the dextran hydrogel with shear-thinning and self-healing capabilities, enabling hydrogel injection. These injectable, non-toxic hydrogels show adjuvant potential and have predictable sub-millimolar loading and release of the peptide antigen SIINFEKL, which after its release is able to activate T-cells, demonstrating that the hydrogels deliver peptides without modifying their immunogenicity. This work demonstrates the potential of dynamic covalent dextran hydrogels as a sustained-release material for the delivery of peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Diana Torres García
- Division of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marziye Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Division of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Division of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Gao Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Yang C, Jia X, Liu Y, Zhou M, Zeng W, Huang X, Chiu S, Jin T, Wu X. Developing Next-Generation Protein-Based Vaccines Using High-Affinity Glycan Ligand-Decorated Glyconanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204598. [PMID: 36398611 PMCID: PMC9839878 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Major diseases, such as cancer and COVID-19, are frightening global health problems, and sustained action is necessary to develop vaccines. Here, for the first time, ethoxy acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Ace-Dex-NPs) are functionalized with 9-N-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2-carbamoyl)-Siaα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc (TCC Sia-LacNAc) targeting macrophages as a universal vaccine design platform. First, azide-containing oxidized Ace-Dex-NPs are synthesized. After the NPs are conjugated with ovalbumin (OVA) and resiquimod (Rd), they are coupled to TCC Sia-LacNAc-DBCO to produce TCC Sia-Ace-Dex-OVA-Rd, which induce a potent, long-lasting OVA-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response and high anti-OVA IgG, providing mice with superior protection against tumors. Next, this strategy is exploited to develop vaccines against infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. The TCC Sia-Ace-Dex platform is preferentially used for designing an RBD-based vaccine. Strikingly, the synthetic TCC Sia-Ace-Dex-RBD-Rd elicited potent RBD-neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells. To develop a universal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the TCC Sia-Ace-Dex-N-Rd vaccine carrying SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) is also prepared, which is highly conserved among SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron (BA.1 to BA.5); this vaccine can trigger strong N-specific CTL responses against target cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 and its VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yunru Yang
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Molecular MedicineDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Chendong Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Xiaoying Jia
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Minmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Molecular MedicineDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Quantitative Health Science and EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824United States
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Molecular MedicineDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
- Suzhou Research InstituteShandong UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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10
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Teppert K, Wang X, Anders K, Evaristo C, Lock D, Künkele A. Joining Forces for Cancer Treatment: From "TCR versus CAR" to "TCR and CAR". Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314563. [PMID: 36498890 PMCID: PMC9739809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-based immunotherapy has demonstrated great therapeutic potential in recent decades, on the one hand, by using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and, on the other hand, by engineering T cells to obtain anti-tumor specificities through the introduction of either engineered T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Given the distinct design of both receptors and the type of antigen that is encountered, the requirements for proper antigen engagement and downstream signal transduction by TCRs and CARs differ. Synapse formation and signal transduction of CAR T cells, despite further refinement of CAR T cell designs, still do not fully recapitulate that of TCR T cells and might limit CAR T cell persistence and functionality. Thus, deep knowledge about the molecular differences in CAR and TCR T cell signaling would greatly advance the further optimization of CAR designs and elucidate under which circumstances a combination of both receptors would improve the functionality of T cells for cancer treatment. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review about similarities and differences by directly comparing the architecture, synapse formation and signaling of TCRs and CARs, highlighting the knowns and unknowns. In the second part of the review, we discuss the current status of combining CAR and TCR technologies, encouraging a change in perspective from "TCR versus CAR" to "TCR and CAR".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Teppert
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Xueting Wang
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Kathleen Anders
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - César Evaristo
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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He X, Zhou S, Quinn B, Huang W, Jahagirdar D, Vega M, Ortega J, Long MD, Ito F, Abrams SI, Lovell JF. Position-Scanning Peptide Libraries as Particle Immunogens for Improving CD8 + T-Cell Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103023. [PMID: 34716694 PMCID: PMC8693074 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Short peptides reflecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) epitopes frequently lack sufficient immunogenicity to induce robust antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. In the current work, it is demonstrated that position-scanning peptide libraries themselves can serve as improved immunogens, inducing Ag-specific CD8+ T cells with greater frequency and function than the wild-type epitope. The approach involves displaying the entire position-scanning library onto immunogenic nanoliposomes. Each library contains the MHC-I epitope with a single randomized position. When a recently identified MHC-I epitope in the glycoprotein gp70 envelope protein of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is assessed, only one of the eight positional libraries tested, randomized at amino acid position 5 (Pos5), shows enhanced induction of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. A second MHC-I epitope from gp70 is assessed in the same manner and shows, in contrast, multiple positional libraries (Pos1, Pos3, Pos5, and Pos8) as well as the library mixture give rise to enhanced CD8+ T cell responses. The library mixture Pos1-3-5-8 induces a more diverse epitope-specific T-cell repertoire with superior antitumor efficacy compared to an established single mutation mimotope (AH1-A5). These data show that positional peptide libraries can serve as immunogens for improving CD8+ T-cell responses against endogenously expressed MHC-I epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Wei‐Chiao Huang
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMcGill University MontrealQuebecH3A1Y2Canada
| | - Michael Vega
- Division of Research and Innovation PartnershipsNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL60115USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMcGill University MontrealQuebecH3A1Y2Canada
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Cancer Genetics and GenomicsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC)BuffaloNY14263USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
- Center for ImmunotherapyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
- Department of Surgical OncologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
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12
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Gao Y, Zhao Q, Dong H, Xiao M, Huang X, Wu X. Developing Acid-Responsive Glyco-Nanoplatform Based Vaccines for Enhanced Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Responses Against Cancer and SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2105059. [PMID: 34512228 PMCID: PMC8420391 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) are central for eliciting protective immunity against malignancies and infectious diseases. Here, for the first time, partially oxidized acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Ox-AcDEX NPs) with an average diameter of 100 nm are fabricated as a general platform for vaccine delivery. To develop effective anticancer vaccines, Ox-AcDEX NPs are conjugated with a representative CTL peptide epitope (CTLp) from human mucin-1 (MUC1) with the sequence of TSAPDTRPAP (referred to as Mp1) and an immune-enhancing adjuvant R837 (referred to as R) via imine bond formation affording AcDEX-(imine)-Mp1-R NPs. Administration of AcDEX-(imine)-Mp1-R NPs results in robust and long-lasting anti-MUC1 CTL immune responses, which provides mice with superior protection from the tumor. To verify its universality, this nanoplatform is also exploited to deliver epitopes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By conjugating Ox-AcDEX NPs with the potential CTL epitope of SARS-CoV-2 (referred to as Sp) and R837, AcDEX-(imine)-Sp-R NPs are fabricated for anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. Several epitopes potentially contributing to the induction of potent and protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 CTL responses are examined and discussed. Collectively, these findings shed light on the universal use of Ox-AcDEX NPs to deliver both tumor-associated and virus-associated epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Huiling Dong
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Quantitative Health Science and EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266237China
- Suzhou Research InstituteShandong UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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13
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Gao Y, Zhao Q, Xiao M, Huang X, Wu X. A versatile photothermal vaccine based on acid-responsive glyco-nanoplatform for synergistic therapy of cancer. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120792. [PMID: 33872856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The race is on for therapeutic agents that stop cancer. An effective vaccine offers a safe and promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. However, substantial barriers to immunotherapy in cancer vaccines include the low immunogenicity of cancer antigens and the immunosuppression commonly present in solid tumors, resulting in significant challenges for developing a clinically effective cancer vaccine. Here, the state of the art of synergistic therapy, which includes the photothermal effect combined with immunotherapy, was investigated to target tumors. For the first time, indocyanine green (ICG, referred to as I), imiquimod (R837, referred to as R) and a foreign cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen peptide (CTL-Ap, referred to as Ap) with the sequence of SIINFEKL from ovalbumin (OVA) were encapsulated by acetalated dextran (AcDEX) to form nanoparticles (NPs) averaging 92 nm in diameter as an immunogen. Administration of the resulting multifunctional vaccine I-R-Ap-AcDEX NPs enhanced antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunotherapy. On the one hand, subcutaneous immunization of the NPs allows foreign Ap to enter the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) cross-presentation pathway of antigen-presenting cells, thereby presenting Ap and eliciting high levels of Ap-specific CTLs. On the other hand, intratumor/intravenous injections of the NPs allow foreign Ap to enter tumor cells and present Ap through the MHC-I cross-presentation pathway. Ap-specific CTLs can kill Ap-presented tumor cells. Furthermore, the NPs generated near-infrared laser triggered the photothermal killing of tumor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AcDEX NPs in antitumor photothermal therapy. Strikingly, systemic administration of the I-R-Ap-AcDEX NPs combined with near-infrared laser irradiation allowed for complete protection to mice from the tumors when applied to two non-OVA tumor models. This quite impressive result displays the great promise of synergistic therapy by the vaccine I-R-Ap-AcDEX NPs, an approach that harnesses the photothermal effect to boost antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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14
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Li Y, Gao Q, Liu H, Lin S, Chen H, Ding R, Gu Y, Chao CC, Dong X. The Targeting Effect of Cetuximab Combined with PD-L1 Blockade against EGFR-Expressing Tumors in a Tailored CD16-CAR T-Cell Reporter System. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:285-296. [PMID: 33646061 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1894570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The switchable chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown many advantages in CAR T-cell therapy. However, human primary T-cells are required to evaluate antigen-specific adaptors by IFN-γ assay or FACS analysis, which limits the throughput of adaptor screening. A sensitive and robust CD16-CAR Jurkat NFAT-eGFP reporter system has been developed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of antibody-targeted CAR-T-cell by effectively evaluating the T-cell activation by various tumor cells and the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. This reporter system facilitates the screening of targeted antibodies in a high throughput manner for the development of improved T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xuan Dong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Bae JW, Seo HB, Belkin S, Gu MB. An optical detection module-based biosensor using fortified bacterial beads for soil toxicity assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3373-3381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Rapid selection and identification of functional CD8 + T cell epitopes from large peptide-coding libraries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4553. [PMID: 31591401 PMCID: PMC6779888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells recognize and eliminate infected or malignant cells that present peptide epitopes derived from intracellularly processed antigens on their surface. However, comprehensive profiling of specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound peptide epitopes that are naturally processed and capable of eliciting a functional T cell response has been challenging. Here, we report a method for deep and unbiased T cell epitope profiling, using in vitro co-culture of CD8+ T cells together with target cells transduced with high-complexity, epitope-encoding minigene libraries. Target cells that are subject to cytotoxic attack from T cells in co-culture are isolated prior to apoptosis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and characterized by sequencing the encoded minigenes. We then validate this highly parallelized method using known murine T cell receptor/peptide-MHC pairs and diverse minigene-encoded epitope libraries. Our data thus suggest that this epitope profiling method allows unambiguous and sensitive identification of naturally processed and MHC-presented peptide epitopes.
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17
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Kleinovink JW, Mezzanotte L, Zambito G, Fransen MF, Cruz LJ, Verbeek JS, Chan A, Ossendorp F, Löwik C. A Dual-Color Bioluminescence Reporter Mouse for Simultaneous in vivo Imaging of T Cell Localization and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3097. [PMID: 30671062 PMCID: PMC6333049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging technologies to visualize the location and functionality of T cells are of great value in immunology. Here, we describe the design and generation of a transgenic mouse in which all T cells constitutively express green-emitting click-beetle luciferase (CBG99) while expression of the red-emitting firefly luciferase (PpyRE9) is induced by Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) such as during T cell activation, which allows multicolor bioluminescence imaging of T cell location and function. This dual-luciferase mouse, which we named TbiLuc, showed high constitutive luciferase expression in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Ex vivo purified CD8+ and CD4+ T cells both constitutively expressed luciferase, whereas B cells showed no detectable signal. We cross-bred TbiLuc mice to T cell receptor-transgenic OT-I mice to obtain luciferase-expressing naïve CD8+ T cells with defined antigen-specificity. TbiLuc*OT-I T cells showed a fully antigen-specific induction of the T cell activation-dependent luciferase. In vaccinated mice, we visualized T cell localization and activation in vaccine-draining lymph nodes with high sensitivity using two distinct luciferase substrates, D-luciferin and CycLuc1, of which the latter specifically reacts with the PpyRE9 enzyme. This dual-luciferase T cell reporter mouse can be applied in many experimental models studying the location and functional state of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Kleinovink
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Medres, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oncology, CHUV Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Lu Q, Grotzke JE, Cresswell P. A novel probe to assess cytosolic entry of exogenous proteins. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3104. [PMID: 30082832 PMCID: PMC6079096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells use a specialized pathway called cross-presentation to activate CD8+ T cells by presenting peptides from exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Considerable evidence suggests that internalized antigens cross endocytic membranes to access cytosolic proteasomes for processing. The mechanism of protein dislocation represents a major unsolved problem. Here we describe the development of a sensitive reporter substrate, an N-glycosylated variant of Renilla luciferase fused to the Fc region of human IgG1. The luciferase variant is designed to be enzymatically inactive when glycosylated, but active after the asparagine to aspartic acid conversion that occurs upon deglycosylation by the cytosolic enzyme N-glycanase-1. The generation of cytosolic luminescence depends on internalization, deglycosylation, the cytosolic AAA-ATPase VCP/p97, and the cytosolic chaperone HSP90. By incorporating a T cell epitope into the fusion protein, we demonstrate that antigen dislocation into the cytosol is the rate limiting step in cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jeff E Grotzke
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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19
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van der Gracht AMF, de Geus MAR, Camps MGM, Ruckwardt TJ, Sarris AJC, Bremmers J, Maurits E, Pawlak JB, Posthoorn MM, Bonger KM, Filippov DV, Overkleeft HS, Robillard MS, Ossendorp F, van Kasteren SI. Chemical Control over T-Cell Activation in Vivo Using Deprotection of trans-Cyclooctene-Modified Epitopes. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1569-1576. [PMID: 29733186 PMCID: PMC6006443 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activation
of a cytotoxic T-cell is a complex multistep process,
and tools to study the molecular events and their dynamics that result
in T-cell activation in situ and in vivo are scarce. Here, we report the design and use of conditional epitopes
for time-controlled T-cell activation in vivo. We
show that trans-cyclooctene-protected SIINFEKL (with
the lysine amine masked) is unable to elicit the T-cell response characteristic
for the free SIINFEKL epitope. Epitope uncaging by means of an inverse-electron
demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) event restored T-cell activation
and provided temporal control of T-cell proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M. F. van der Gracht
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. R. de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G. M. Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Building 40, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Alexi J. C. Sarris
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Bremmers
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elmer Maurits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna B. Pawlak
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M. Posthoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M. Bonger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Le Sommer S, Morrice N, Pesaresi M, Thompson D, Vickers MA, Murray GI, Mody N, Neel BG, Bence KK, Wilson HM, Delibegović M. Deficiency in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B Shortens Lifespan and Leads to Development of Acute Leukemia. Cancer Res 2018; 78:75-87. [PMID: 29122767 PMCID: PMC5756472 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a critical regulator of signaling pathways controlling metabolic homeostasis, cell proliferation, and immunity. In this study, we report that global or myeloid-specific deficiency of PTP1B in mice decreases lifespan. We demonstrate that myeloid-specific deficiency of PTP1B is sufficient to promote the development of acute myeloid leukemia. LysM-PTP1B-/- mice lacking PTP1B in the innate myeloid cell lineage displayed a dysregulation of bone marrow cells with a rapid decline in population at midlife and a concomitant increase in peripheral blood blast cells. This phenotype manifested further with extramedullary tumors, hepatic macrophage infiltration, and metabolic reprogramming, suggesting increased hepatic lipid metabolism prior to overt tumor development. Mechanistic investigations revealed an increase in anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage responses in liver and spleen, as associated with increased expression of arginase I and the cytokines IL10 and IL4. We also documented STAT3 hypersphosphorylation and signaling along with JAK-dependent upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl2 and BclXL. Our results establish a tumor suppressor role for PTP1B in the myeloid lineage cells, with evidence that its genetic inactivation in mice is sufficient to drive acute myeloid leukemia.Significance: This study defines a tumor suppressor function for the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in myeloid lineage cells, with evidence that its genetic inactivation in mice is sufficient to drive acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res; 78(1); 75-87. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Morrice
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Pesaresi
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Thompson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Vickers
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nimesh Mody
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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21
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Poulcharidis D, Belfor K, Kros A, van Kasteren SI. A flow cytometry assay to quantify intercellular exchange of membrane components. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5585-5590. [PMID: 28970937 PMCID: PMC5618768 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-compound exchange is vital for cell-to-cell communication, yet quantification of this process is difficult. Here we present a method using flow cytometry in combination with bioorthogonal and fluorescent labelling techniques to quantify the amount of exchange of cholesterol and sialylated compounds between cells. We demonstrate that direct cell-cell contact is the likely mechanism of sterol-exchange and show that by manipulating the contact time between cells using complementary coiled-coil peptides results in an enhanced exchange rate of membrane components between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Poulcharidis
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Gorlaeus Laboratories , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands .
- Division of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Kimberley Belfor
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Gorlaeus Laboratories , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Alexander Kros
- Division of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Gorlaeus Laboratories , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands .
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22
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Gui Q, Lawson T, Shan S, Yan L, Liu Y. The Application of Whole Cell-Based Biosensors for Use in Environmental Analysis and in Medical Diagnostics. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071623. [PMID: 28703749 PMCID: PMC5539819 DOI: 10.3390/s17071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Various whole cell-based biosensors have been reported in the literature for the last 20 years and these reports have shown great potential for their use in the areas of pollution detection in environmental and in biomedical diagnostics. Unlike other reviews of this growing field, this mini-review argues that: (1) the selection of reporter genes and their regulatory proteins are directly linked to the performance of celllular biosensors; (2) broad enhancements in microelectronics and information technologies have also led to improvements in the performance of these sensors; (3) their future potential is most apparent in their use in the areas of medical diagnostics and in environmental monitoring; and (4) currently the most promising work is focused on the better integration of cellular sensors with nano and micro scaled integrated chips. With better integration it may become practical to see these cells used as (5) real-time portable devices for diagnostics at the bedside and for remote environmental toxin detection and this in situ application will make the technology commonplace and thus as unremarkable as other ubiquitous technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Gui
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biosensing and Bioimaging, Instiute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Tom Lawson
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Suyan Shan
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biosensing and Bioimaging, Instiute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Lu Yan
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biosensing and Bioimaging, Instiute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biosensing and Bioimaging, Instiute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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23
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De Angelis Rigotti F, De Gassart A, Pforr C, Cano F, N'Guessan P, Combes A, Camossetto V, Lehner PJ, Pierre P, Gatti E. MARCH9-mediated ubiquitination regulates MHC I export from the TGN. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:753-764. [PMID: 28559542 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the heterogeneous nature of antigens, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) intracellular transport intersects with multiple degradation pathways for efficient peptide loading and presentation to cytotoxic T cells. MHC I loading with peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a tightly regulated process, while post-ER intracellular transport is considered to occur by default, leading to peptide-bearing MHC I delivery to the plasma membrane. We show here that MHC I traffic is submitted to a previously uncharacterized sorting step at the trans Golgi network (TGN), dependent on the ubiquitination of its cytoplasmic tail lysine residues. MHC I ubiquitination is mediated by the E3 ligase membrane-associated RING-CH 9 (MARCH9) and allows MHC I access to Syntaxin 6-positive endosomal compartments. We further show that MARCH9 can also target the human MHC I-like lipid antigen-presentation molecule CD1a. MARCH9 expression is modulated by microbial pattern exposure in dendritic cells (DCs), thus revealing the role of this ubiquitin E3 ligase in coordinating MHC I access to endosomes and DC activation for efficient antigen cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aude De Gassart
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Carina Pforr
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Florencia Cano
- Division of Immunology, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prudence N'Guessan
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Combes
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Voahirana Camossetto
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Division of Immunology, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
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24
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Samarasinghe AE, Melo RCN, Duan S, LeMessurier KS, Liedmann S, Surman SL, Lee JJ, Hurwitz JL, Thomas PG, McCullers JA. Eosinophils Promote Antiviral Immunity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:3214-3226. [PMID: 28283567 PMCID: PMC5384374 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional cells of the innate immune system linked to allergic inflammation. Asthmatics were more likely to be hospitalized but less likely to suffer severe morbidity and mortality during the 2009 influenza pandemic. These epidemiologic findings were recapitulated in a mouse model of fungal asthma wherein infection during heightened allergic inflammation was protective against influenza A virus (IAV) infection and disease. Our goal was to delineate a mechanism(s) by which allergic asthma may alleviate influenza disease outcome, focused on the hypothesis that pulmonary eosinophilia linked with allergic respiratory disease is able to promote antiviral host defenses against the influenza virus. The transfer of eosinophils from the lungs of allergen-sensitized and challenged mice into influenza virus-infected mice resulted in reduced morbidity and viral burden, improved lung compliance, and increased CD8+ T cell numbers in the airways. In vitro assays with primary or bone marrow-derived eosinophils were used to determine eosinophil responses to the virus using the laboratory strain (A/PR/08/1934) or the pandemic strain (A/CA/04/2009) of IAV. Eosinophils were susceptible to IAV infection and responded by activation, piecemeal degranulation, and upregulation of Ag presentation markers. Virus- or viral peptide-exposed eosinophils induced CD8+ T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Our data suggest that eosinophils promote host cellular immunity to reduce influenza virus replication in lungs, thereby providing a novel mechanism by which hosts with allergic asthma may be protected from influenza morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103;
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN 38103
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036, Brazil
| | - Susu Duan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - Swantje Liedmann
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Sherri L Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Julia L Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Jonathan A McCullers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN 38103
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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25
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Fishman S, Lewis MD, Siew LK, De Leenheer E, Kakabadse D, Davies J, Ziv D, Margalit A, Karin N, Gross G, Wong FS. Adoptive Transfer of mRNA-Transfected T Cells Redirected against Diabetogenic CD8 T Cells Can Prevent Diabetes. Mol Ther 2017; 25:456-464. [PMID: 28109957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules supplemented with T cell receptor (TCR) signaling motifs function as activation receptors and can redirect gene-modified T cells against pathogenic CD8 T cells. We have shown that β2 microglobulin (β2m) operates as a universal signaling component of MHC-I molecules when fused with the CD3-ζ chain. Linking the H-2Kd-binding insulin B chain peptide insulin B chain, amino acids 15-23 (InsB15-23) to the N terminus of β2m/CD3-ζ, redirected polyclonal CD8 T cells against pathogenic CD8 T cells in a peptide-specific manner in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Here, we describe mRNA electroporation for delivering peptide/β2m/CD3-ζ genes to a reporter T cell line and purified primary mouse CD8 T cells. The peptide/β2m/CD3-ζ products paired with endogenous MHC-I chains and transmitted strong activation signals upon MHC-I cross-linking. The reporter T cell line transfected with InsB15-23/β2m/CD3-ζ mRNA was activated by an InsB15-23-H-2Kd-specific CD8 T cell hybrid only when the transfected T cells expressed H-2Kd. Primary NOD CD8 T cells expressing either InsB15-23/β2m/CD3-ζ or islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein, amino acids 206-214 (IGRP206-214)/β2m/CD3-ζ killed their respective autoreactive CD8 T cell targets in vitro. Furthermore, transfer of primary CD8 T cells transfected with InsB15-23/β2m/CD3-ζ mRNA significantly reduced insulitis and protected NOD mice from diabetes. Our results demonstrate that mRNA encoding chimeric MHC-I receptors can redirect effector CD8 against diabetogenic CD8 T cells, offering a new approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Fishman
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Mark D Lewis
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - L Khai Siew
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Dimitri Kakabadse
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Doron Ziv
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Alon Margalit
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Gideon Gross
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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26
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Balyan R, Gund R, Ebenezer C, Khalsa JK, Verghese DA, Krishnamurthy T, George A, Bal V, Rath S, Chaudhry A. Modulation of Naive CD8 T Cell Response Features by Ligand Density, Affinity, and Continued Signaling via Internalized TCRs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1823-1837. [PMID: 28100678 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cell response magnitudes increase with increasing antigenic dosage. However, it is unclear whether ligand density only modulates the proportions of responding ligand-specific T cells or also alters responses at the single cell level. Using brief (3 h) exposure of TCR-transgenic mouse CD8 T cells in vitro to varying densities of cognate peptide-MHC ligand followed by ligand-free culture in IL-2, we found that ligand density determined the frequencies of responding cells but not the expression levels of the early activation marker molecule, CD69. Cells with low glucose uptake capacity and low protein synthesis rates were less ligand-sensitive, implicating metabolic competence in the response heterogeneity of CD8 T cell populations. Although most responding cells proliferated, ligand density was associated with time of entry into proliferation and with the extent of cell surface TCR downmodulation. TCR internalization was associated, regardless of the ligand density, with rapidity of c-myc induction, loss of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1, metabolic reprogramming, and cell cycle entry. A low affinity peptide ligand behaved, regardless of ligand density, like a low density, high affinity ligand in all these parameters. Inhibition of signaling after ligand exposure selectively delayed proliferation in cells with internalized TCRs. Finally, internalized TCRs continued to signal and genetic modification of TCR internalization and trafficking altered the duration of signaling in a T cell hybridoma. Together, our findings indicate that heterogeneity among responding CD8 T cell populations in their ability to respond to TCR-mediated stimulation and internalize TCRs mediates detection of ligand density or affinity, contributing to graded response magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Balyan
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and
| | - Rupali Gund
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and
| | - Chitra Ebenezer
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and
| | | | | | | | - Anna George
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and
| | - Vineeta Bal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and
| | - Satyajit Rath
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and
| | - Ashutosh Chaudhry
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; and.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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27
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Kavunja HW, Lang S, Sungsuwan S, Yin Z, Huang X. Delivery of foreign cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes to tumor tissues for effective antitumor immunotherapy against pre-established solid tumors in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 66:451-460. [PMID: 28011995 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) can have remarkable abilities to kill tumor cells. However, the establishment of successful CTL-based anticancer therapy has met with many challenges. Within tumor cells, there exist subpopulations with low or no expression of the targeted antigen (termed as antigen-loss variants). In addition, tumor cells can downregulate the levels of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on cell surface due to immune pressure. As a result, some tumor cells can escape the immune pressure bestowed by CTLs, resulting in treatment failure. To address these difficulties, a new approach is developed to deliver foreign high-affinity CTL epitopes to tumor tissues utilizing pH-responsive "smart" microparticles (MPs). These MPs could encapsulate CTL peptide epitope, release the peptide under acidic condition encountered in tumor tissues and enhance CTL activation. Mice bearing pre-established tumor as "antigen-loss variant" solid tumor models were administered intratumorally with MPs containing the CTL peptide, which showed 100% survival following the treatment. In contrast, all control mice died from tumor. Significant protection from tumor-induced death was also observed with systemic administration of CTL peptide-MPs. The therapeutic efficacy can be attributed to enhanced delivery of the epitope to tumor tissues, presentation of the epitope by tumor cells as well as tumor stromal cells and/or generation of epitope-specific CTLs by the peptide-containing MPs. These findings offer a promising new direction for treating established solid tumor using CTL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Kavunja
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Suttipun Sungsuwan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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28
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Pawlak JB, Hos BJ, van de Graaff MJ, Megantari OA, Meeuwenoord N, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, Ossendorp F, van Kasteren SI. The Optimization of Bioorthogonal Epitope Ligation within MHC-I Complexes. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3172-3178. [PMID: 27704768 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition followed by the activation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) is a key step in adaptive immunity, resulting in clearance of viruses and cancers. The repertoire of peptides that have the ability to bind to the major histocompatibility type-I (MHC-I) is enormous, but the approaches available for studying the diversity of the peptide repertoire on a cell are limited. Here, we explore the use of bioorthogonal chemistry to quantify specific peptide-MHC-I complexes (pMHC-I) on cells. We show that modifying epitope peptides with bioorthogonal groups in surface accessible positions allows wild-type-like MHC-I binding and bioorthogonal ligation using fluorogenic chromophores in combination with a Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. We expect that this approach will make a powerful addition to the antigen presentation toolkit as for the first time it allows quantification of antigenic peptides for which no detection tools exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna B. Pawlak
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brett J. Hos
- Department
of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J. van de Graaff
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Otty A. Megantari
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Meeuwenoord
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department
of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Calmette J, Bertrand M, Vétillard M, Ellouze M, Flint S, Nicolas V, Biola-Vidamment A, Pallardy M, Morand E, Bachelerie F, Godot V, Schlecht-Louf G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Protein Controls Macropinocytosis in Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4247-4256. [PMID: 27793999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ag sampling is a key process in dendritic cell (DC) biology. DCs use constitutive macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis to capture exogenous Ags for presentation to T cells. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate Ag uptake by DCs in the steady-state and after a short-term LPS exposure in vitro and in vivo. We show that the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ), already known to regulate effector versus regulatory T cell activation by DCs, selectively limits macropinocytosis, but not receptor-mediated phagocytosis, in immature and recently activated DCs. In vivo, the GILZ-mediated inhibition of Ag uptake is restricted to the CD8α+ DC subset, which expresses the highest GILZ level among splenic DC subsets. In recently activated DCs, we further establish that GILZ limits p38 MAPK phosphorylation, providing a possible mechanism for GILZ-mediated macropinocytosis control. Finally, our results demonstrate that the modulation of Ag uptake by GILZ does not result in altered Ag presentation to CD4 T cells but impacts the efficiency of cross-presentation to CD8 T cells. Altogether, our results identify GILZ as an endogenous inhibitor of macropinocytosis in DCs, the action of which contributes to the fine-tuning of Ag cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Calmette
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Matthieu Bertrand
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Mathias Vétillard
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Mehdi Ellouze
- UMR955, Team 16, Institut de Recherche Vaccinal, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Shaun Flint
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique, SFR-UMS, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France; and
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France; and
| | - Eric Morand
- Southern Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Véronique Godot
- UMR955, Team 16, Institut de Recherche Vaccinal, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France;
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30
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Turowski V, Sperling B, Hanczaruk MA, Göbel TW, Viertlboeck BC. Chicken TREM-B1, an Inhibitory Ig-Like Receptor Expressed on Chicken Thrombocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151513. [PMID: 26967520 PMCID: PMC4788293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) form a multigene family of immunoregulatory Ig-like receptors and play important roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In chickens, three members of the TREM family have been identified on chromosome 26. One of them is TREM-B1 which possesses two V-set Ig-domains, an uncharged transmembrane region and a long cytoplasmic tail with one ITSM and two ITIMs indicating an inhibitory function. We generated specific monoclonal antibodies by immunizing a Balb/c mouse with a TREM-B1-FLAG transfected BWZ.36 cell line and tested the hybridoma supernatants on TREM-B1-FLAG transfected 2D8 cells. We obtained two different antibodies specific for TREM-B1, mab 7E8 (mouse IgG1) and mab 1E9 (mouse IgG2a) which were used for cell surface staining. Single and double staining of different tissues, including whole blood preparations, revealed expression on thrombocytes. Next we investigated the biochemical properties of TREM-B1 by using the specific mab 1E9 for immunoprecipitation of either lysates of surface biotinylated peripheral blood cells or stably transfected 2D8 cells. Staining with streptavidin coupled horse radish peroxidase revealed a glycosylated monomeric protein of about 50 kDa. Furthermore we used the stably transfected 2D8 cell line for analyzing the cytoplasmic tyrosine based signaling motifs. After pervanadate treatment, we detected phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues and subsequent recruitment of the tyrosine specific protein phosphatase SHP-2, indicating an inhibitory potential for TREM-B1. We also showed the inhibitory effect of TREM-B1 in chicken thrombocytes using a CD107 degranulation assay. Crosslinking of TREM-B1 on activated primary thrombocytes resulted in decreased CD107 surface expression of about 50-70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Turowski
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Sperling
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias A. Hanczaruk
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit C. Viertlboeck
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Poolman JM, Maity C, Boekhoven J, van der Mee L, le Sage VAA, Groenewold GJM, van Kasteren SI, Versluis F, van Esch JH, Eelkema R. A toolbox for controlling the properties and functionalisation of hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:852-858. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In situ multicomponent hydrogelator formation enables straightforward chemical functionalisation of supramolecular hydrogels.
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Martin-Granados C, Prescott AR, Le Sommer S, Klaska IP, Yu T, Muckersie E, Giuraniuc CV, Grant L, Delibegovic M, Forrester JV. A key role for PTP1B in dendritic cell maturation, migration, and T cell activation. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:517-28. [PMID: 26063615 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the major antigen-presenting cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, a function they perform by converting quiescent DC to active, mature DC with the capacity to activate naïve T cells. They do this by migrating from the tissues to the T cell area of the secondary lymphoid tissues. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific genetic deletion of PTP1B (LysM PTP1B) leads to defects in lipopolysaccharide-driven bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) activation associated with increased levels of phosphorylated Stat3. We show that myeloid cell-specific PTP1B deletion also causes decreased migratory capacity of epidermal DC, as well as reduced CCR7 expression and chemotaxis to CCL19 by BMDC. PTP1B deficiency in BMDC also impairs their migration in vivo. Further, immature LysM PTP1B BMDC display fewer podosomes, increased levels of phosphorylated Src at tyrosine 527, and loss of Src localization to podosome puncta. In co-culture with T cells, LysM PTP1B BMDC establish fewer and shorter contacts than control BMDC. Finally, LysM PTP1B BMDC fail to present antigen to T cells as efficiently as control BMDC. These data provide first evidence for a key regulatory role for PTP1B in mediating a central DC function of initiating adaptive immune responses in response to innate immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martin-Granados
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Samantha Le Sommer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Izabela P Klaska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Tian Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Muckersie
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Claudiu V Giuraniuc
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Louise Grant
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - John V Forrester
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Pawlak JB, Gential GPP, Ruckwardt TJ, Bremmers JS, Meeuwenoord NJ, Ossendorp FA, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal deprotection on the dendritic cell surface for chemical control of antigen cross-presentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5628-31. [PMID: 25784151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The activation of CD8(+) T-cells requires the uptake of exogenous polypeptide antigens and proteolytic processing of these antigens to octamer or nonamer peptides, which are loaded on MHC-I complexes and presented to the T-cell. By using an azide as a bioorthogonal protecting group rather than as a ligation handle, masked antigens were generated-antigens that are not recognized by their cognate T-cell unless they are deprotected on the cell using a Staudinger reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna B Pawlak
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden (The Netherlands)
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Pawlak JB, Gential GPP, Ruckwardt TJ, Bremmers JS, Meeuwenoord NJ, Ossendorp FA, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal Deprotection on the Dendritic Cell Surface for Chemical Control of Antigen Cross-Presentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Lauren M. Matosziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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36
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Sharma G, Holt RA. T-cell epitope discovery technologies. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:514-9. [PMID: 24755351 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous potential utility in clinical medicine and research, the discovery and characterization of T-cell antigens has lagged behind most other areas of health research in joining the high-throughput '-omics' revolution. Partially responsible for this is the complex nature of the interactions between effector T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Further contributing to the challenge is the vastness of both the T-cell repertoire and the large number of potential T-cell epitopes. In this review, we trace the development of various discovery strategies, the technical platforms used to carry them out, and we assess the level of success achieved in the field today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201 - 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Robert A Holt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201 - 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Zechmann M, Reese S, Göbel TW. Chicken CRTAM binds nectin-like 2 ligand and is upregulated on CD8+ αβ and γδ T lymphocytes with different kinetics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81942. [PMID: 24339981 PMCID: PMC3858274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During a search for immunomodulatory receptors in the chicken genome, we identified a previously cloned chicken sequence as CRTAM homologue by its overall identity and several conserved sequence features. For further characterization, we generated a CRTAM specific mab. No staining was detectable in freshly isolated cell preparations from thymus, bursa, caecal tonsils, spleen, blood and intestine. Activation of splenocytes with recombinant IL-2 increased rapid CRTAM expression within a 2 h period on about 30% of the cells. These CRTAM+ cells were identified as CD8+ γδ T lymphocytes. In contrast, CRTAM expression could not be stimulated on PBL with IL-2, even within a 48 h stimulation period. As a second means of activation, T cell receptor (TCR) crosslinking using an anti-αβ-TCR induced CRTAM on both PBL and splenocytes. While CRTAM expression was again rapidly upregulated on splenocytes within 2 h, it took 48 h to reach maximum levels of CRTAM expression in PBL. Strikingly, albeit the stimulation of splenocytes was performed with anti-αβ-TCR, CRTAM expression after 2 h was mainly restricted to CD8+ γδ T lymphocytes, however, the longer anti-TCR stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) resulted in CRTAM expression on αβ T lymphocytes. In order to characterize the potential ligand we cloned and expressed chicken Necl-2, a member of the nectin and nectin-like family which is highly homologous to its mammalian counterpart. Three independent assays including a reporter assay, staining with a CRTAM-Ig fusion protein and a cell conjugate assay confirmed the interaction of CRTAM with Necl-2 which could also be blocked by a soluble CRTAM-Ig fusion protein or a CRTAM specific mab. These results suggest that chicken CRTAM represents an early activation antigen on CD8+ T cells which binds to Necl-2 and is upregulated with distinct kinetics on αβ versus γδ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zechmann
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Reese
- Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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38
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Hsu PYJ, Yang YW. Encapsulation of poly(d,l-lactide) microparticles with polyelectrolyte multilayers for antigen delivery. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:262-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.834994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Goldwich A, Burkard M, Olke M, Daniel C, Amann K, Hugo C, Kurts C, Steinkasserer A, Gessner A. Podocytes are nonhematopoietic professional antigen-presenting cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:906-16. [PMID: 23539760 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are essential to the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier; however, they also exhibit increased expression of MHC class II molecules under inflammatory conditions, and they remove Ig and immune complexes from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This finding suggests that podocytes may act as antigen-presenting cells, taking up and processing antigens to initiate specific T cell responses, similar to professional hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells or macrophages. Here, MHC-antigen complexes expressed exclusively on podocytes of transgenic mice were sufficient to activate CD8+ T cells in vivo. In addition, deleting MHC class II exclusively on podocytes prevented the induction of experimental anti-GBM nephritis. Podocytes ingested soluble and particulate antigens, activated CD4+ T cells, and crosspresented exogenous antigen on MHC class I molecules to CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, podocytes participate in the antigen-specific activation of adaptive immune responses, providing a potential target for immunotherapies of inflammatory kidney diseases and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goldwich
- Department of Immunemodulation at the Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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40
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Cafri G, Sharbi-Yunger A, Tzehoval E, Eisenbach L. Production of LacZ inducible T cell hybridoma specific for human and mouse gp100₂₅₋₃₃ peptides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55583. [PMID: 23383339 PMCID: PMC3562179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and quantification of immunogenic peptides and tumor-derived epitopes presented on MHC-I molecules are essential for basic studies and vaccines generation. Although lymphocytes derived from transgenic mice can serve as sensitive detectors of processes of antigen presentation and recognition, they are not always available. The use of cell lines might be extremely useful. In this study, we generated a lacZ inducible CD8⁺ hybridoma (BUSA14) capable of recognizing both human and mouse gp100₂₅₋₃₃ melanoma antigens presented on dendritic and tumor cell lines. This hybridoma expresses a variety of membranal T cell markers and secretes IL-2 and TNFα. Thus, BUSA14 offers a quantifiable, cheap and straightforward tool for studying peptide presentation by MHC-I molecules on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Cafri
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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41
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Unbiased identification of target antigens of CD8+ T cells with combinatorial libraries coding for short peptides. Nat Med 2012; 18:824-8. [PMID: 22484809 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells recognize the antigenic peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. These T cells have key roles in infectious diseases, autoimmunity and tumor immunology, but there is currently no unbiased method for the reliable identification of their target antigens. This is because of the low affinities of antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCR) to their target MHC-peptide complexes, the polyspecificity of these TCRs and the requirement that these TCRs recognize protein antigens that have been processed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here we describe a technology for the unbiased identification of the antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. The technology uses plasmid-encoded combinatorial peptide libraries and a single-cell detection system. We validated this approach using a well-characterized influenza-virus–specific TCR, MHC and peptide combination. Single APCs carrying antigenic peptides can be detected among several million APCs that carry irrelevant peptides. The identified peptide sequences showed a converging pattern of mimotopes that revealed the parent influenza antigen. This technique should be generally applicable to the identification of disease-relevant T cell antigens.
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42
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The Toxoplasma gondii peptide AS15 elicits CD4 T cells that can control parasite burden. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3279-88. [PMID: 22778097 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00425-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Previous studies in mice have focused largely on CD8(+) T cells, and the role of CD4 T cells is relatively unexplored. Here, we show that immunization of the C57BL/6 strain of mice, in which the immunodominant CD8 T cell response to the parasite dense-granule protein GRA6 cannot be generated, leads to a prominent CD4 T cell response. To identify the CD4 T cell-stimulating antigens, we generated a T. gondii-specific, lacZ-inducible, CD4 T cell hybridoma and used it as a probe to screen a T. gondii cDNA library. We isolated a cDNA encoding a protein of unknown function that we call CD4Ag28m and identified the minimal peptide, AS15, which was presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to the CD4 T cells. Immunization of mice with the AS15 peptide provided significant protection against subsequent parasite challenge, resulting in a lower parasite burden in the brain. Our findings identify the first CD4 T cell-stimulating peptide that can confer protection against toxoplasmosis and provide an important tool for the study of CD4 T cell responses and the design of effective vaccines against the parasite.
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Stavreva DA, Varticovski L, Hager GL. Complex dynamics of transcription regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1819:657-66. [PMID: 22484099 PMCID: PMC3371156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription is a tightly regulated cellular function which can be triggered by endogenous (intrinsic) or exogenous (extrinsic) signals. The development of novel techniques to examine the dynamic behavior of transcription factors and the analysis of transcriptional activity at the single cell level with increased temporal resolution has revealed unexpected elements of stochasticity and dynamics of this process. Emerging research reveals a complex picture, wherein a wide range of time scales and temporal transcription patterns overlap to generate transcriptional programs. The challenge now is to develop a perspective that can guide us to common underlying mechanisms, and consolidate these findings. Here we review the recent literature on temporal dynamics and stochastic gene regulation patterns governed by intrinsic or extrinsic signals, utilizing the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated transcriptional model to illustrate commonality of these emerging concepts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B507, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ghosh M, McAuliffe B, Subramani J, Basu S, Shapiro LH. CD13 regulates dendritic cell cross-presentation and T cell responses by inhibiting receptor-mediated antigen uptake. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5489-99. [PMID: 22544935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) Ag cross-presentation is generally associated with immune responses to tumors and viral Ags, and enhancement of this process is a focus of tumor vaccine design. In this study, we found that the myeloid cell surface peptidase CD13 is highly and specifically expressed on the subset of DCs responsible for cross-presentation, the CD8(+) murine splenic DCs. In vivo studies indicated that lack of CD13 significantly enhanced T cell responses to soluble OVA Ag, although development, maturation, and Ag processing and presentation of DCs are normal in CD13KO mice. In vitro studies showed that CD13 regulates receptor-mediated, dynamin-dependent endocytosis of Ags such as OVA and transferrin but not fluid-phase or phagocytic Ag uptake. CD13 and Ag are cointernalized in DCs, but CD13 did not coimmunoprecipitate with Ag receptors, suggesting that CD13 does not control internalization of specific receptors but regulates endocytosis at a more universal level. Mechanistically, we found that phosphorylation of the endocytic regulators p38MAPK and Akt was dysregulated in CD13KO DCs, and blocking of these kinases perturbed CD13-dependent endocytic uptake. Therefore, CD13 is a novel endocytic regulator that may be exploited to enhance Ag uptake and T cell activation to improve the efficacy of tumor-targeted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Bankoti R, Gupta K, Levchenko A, Stäger S. Marginal zone B cells regulate antigen-specific T cell responses during infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3961-71. [PMID: 22412197 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone B cells (MZB) participate in the early immune response to several pathogens. In this study, we show that in μMT mice infected with Leishmania donovani, CD8 T cells displayed a greater cytotoxic potential and generated more effector memory cells compared with infected wild type mice. The frequency of parasite-specific, IFN-γ(+) CD4 T cells was also increased in μMT mice. B cells were able to capture parasites, which was associated with upregulation of surface IgM and MyD88-dependent IL-10 production. Moreover, MZB presented parasite Ags to CD4 T cells in vitro. Depletion of MZB also enhanced T cell responses and led to a decrease in the parasite burden but did not alter the generation of effector memory T cells. Thus, MZB appear to suppress protective T cell responses during the early stages of L. donovani infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bankoti
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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46
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Shen SS, Yang YW. Antigen delivery for cross priming via the emulsion vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2012; 30:1560-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kar P, Nelson C, Parekh AB. CRAC channels drive digital activation and provide analog control and synergy to Ca(2+)-dependent gene regulation. Curr Biol 2012; 22:242-7. [PMID: 22245003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-dependent gene expression is critical for cell growth, proliferation, plasticity, and adaptation [1-3]. Because a common mechanism in vertebrates linking cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signals with activation of protein synthesis involves the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors [4, 5], we have quantified protein expression in single cells following physiological Ca(2+) signals by using NFAT-driven expression of a genetically encoded fluorescent protein. We find that gene expression following CRAC channel activation is an all-or-nothing event over a range of stimulus intensities. Increasing agonist concentration recruits more cells but each responding cell does so in an essentially digital manner. Furthermore, Ca(2+)-dependent gene expression shows both short-term memory and strong synergy, where two pulses of agonist, which are ineffectual individually, robustly activate gene expression provided that the time interval between them is short. Such temporal filtering imparts coincidence detection to Ca(2+)-dependent gene activation. The underlying molecular basis mapped to time-dependent, nonlinear accumulation of nuclear NFAT. Local Ca(2+) near CRAC channels has to rise above a threshold level to drive gene expression, providing analog control to the digital activation process and a means to filter out fluctuations in background noise from activating transcription while ensuring robustness and high fidelity in the excitation-transcription coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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48
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Zhang L, Stadinski BD, Michels A, Kappler JW, Eisenbarth GS. Immunization with an insulin peptide-MHC complex to prevent type 1 diabetes of NOD mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:784-9. [PMID: 22069260 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutating the insulin B:9-23 peptide prevents diabetes in NOD mice. Thus, the trimolecular complex of I-Ag7-insulin B:9-23 peptide-TCR may be essential for the development of spontaneous diabetes. Pathogenic T cells recognize the B:9-23 peptide presented by I-Ag7 in what is termed register 3, with the B22 basic amino acid (arginine) of the peptide bound in pocket 9 of I-Ag7. Our hypothesis is that immunization with an insulin B:12-22 peptide linked to I-Ag7 in register 3 (I-Ag7-B:RE#3 complex) can induce specific antibodies to the complex, block pathogenic TCRs, and thus prevent diabetes. METHODS We immunized young NOD mice with recombinant I-Ag7-B:RE#3 protein, in which two amino acids of the peptide were mutated to fix the peptide in register 3, and investigated the induced antibodies targeted to the peptide in register 3. RESULTS Specific antibodies targeting I-Ag7-B:RE#3 but not I-Ag7-HEL were identified in the sera of I-Ag7-B:RE#3 immunized mice. The sera inhibited B:9-23-induced T-cell responses in vitro. I-Ag7-B:RE#3 immunization delayed progression to diabetes (versus PBS, p=0.0005), while immunization with I-Ag7-HEL control complex did not. CONCLUSIONS Immunization with I-Ag7-B:RE#3 complex significantly delays the development of insulin autoantibodies and the onset of diabetes in NOD mice, which is associated with the induction of I-Ag7-B:RE#3 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Michels AW, Ostrov DA, Zhang L, Nakayama M, Fuse M, McDaniel K, Roep BO, Gottlieb PA, Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS. Structure-based selection of small molecules to alter allele-specific MHC class II antigen presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5921-30. [PMID: 22043012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Class II major histocompatibility molecules are the primary susceptibility locus for many autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes. Human DQ8 and I-A(g7), in the NOD mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, confers diabetes risk by modulating presentation of specific islet peptides in the thymus and periphery. We used an in silico molecular docking program to screen a large "druglike" chemical library to define small molecules capable of occupying specific structural pockets along the I-A(g7) binding groove, with the objective of influencing presentation to T cells of the autoantigen insulin B chain peptide consisting of amino acids 9-23. In this study we show, using both murine and human cells, that small molecules can enhance or inhibit specific TCR signaling in the presence of cognate target peptides, based upon the structural pocket targeted. The influence of compounds on the TCR response was pocket dependent, with pocket 1 and 6 compounds inhibiting responses and molecules directed at pocket 9 enhancing responses to peptide. At nanomolar concentrations, the inhibitory molecules block the insulin B chain peptide consisting of amino acids 9-23, endogenous insulin, and islet-stimulated T cell responses. Glyphosine, a pocket 9 compound, enhances insulin peptide presentation to T cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM, upregulates IL-10 secretion, and prevents diabetes in NOD mice. These studies present a novel method for identifying small molecules capable of both stimulating and inhibiting T cell responses, with potentially therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Larson DR. What do expression dynamics tell us about the mechanism of transcription? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:591-9. [PMID: 21862317 PMCID: PMC3475196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell microscopy studies have the potential to provide an unprecedented view of gene expression with exquisite spatial and temporal sensitivity. However, there is a challenge to connect the holistic cellular view with a reductionist biochemical view. In particular, experimental efforts to characterize the in vivo regulation of transcription have focused primarily on measurements of the dynamics of transcription factors and chromatin modifying factors. Such measurements have elucidated the transient nature of many nuclear interactions. In the past few years, experimental approaches have emerged that allow for interrogation of the output of transcription at the single-molecule, single-cell level. Here, I summarize the experimental results and models that aim to provide an integrated view of transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Larson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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