1
|
Büki G, Antal G, Bene J. Rare Germline Variants in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene Associated with Dental and Osseous Anomalies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8189. [PMID: 39125758 PMCID: PMC11312143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
APC is a tumor suppressor gene that exerts its effect through the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Loss of function mutations of the gene are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Early diagnosis in FAP patients is essential to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Extraintestinal manifestations often precede the formation of the polyposis; therefore, these manifestations may serve as a clinical indicator for the condition. The aim of this study was to assess genotype-phenotype associations between the location of APC mutations and various extraintestinal features, mainly focusing on osseous and dental anomalies. Analyses of our cases and the mutations available in the literature with these manifestations revealed that mutations in the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-~1000) of the protein are more frequently associated with only osseous anomalies, whereas dental manifestations are more prevalent in mutations in the middle region (amino acids 1000-~2100). In addition, supernumerary teeth were found to be the most common dental feature. Since dental abnormalities often precede intestinal polyposis, dentists have a crucial role in the early identification of patients at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Büki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Gréta Antal
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Pellegars-Malhortie A, Picque Lasorsa L, Mazard T, Granier F, Prévostel C. Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:949. [PMID: 39065798 PMCID: PMC11279613 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer management. As for most anticancer treatments, a critical limitation to the use of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is their therapeutic index, i.e., the difficulty of combining effective anticancer activity with acceptable toxicity. Protecting healthy tissues from the effects of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is a major issue due to the vital role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of clinical trials on Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, examine their anti-tumor activity and associated adverse events, and explore strategies under development to improve the benefit/risk profile of this therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auriane de Pellegars-Malhortie
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Laurence Picque Lasorsa
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Thibault Mazard
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, ICM, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Corinne Prévostel
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suzuki K, Tsuruoka C, Morioka T, Seo H, Ogawa M, Kambe R, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Takahashi A. Combined effects of radiation and simulated microgravity on intestinal tumorigenesis in C3B6F1 Apc Min/+ mice. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:202-209. [PMID: 38670648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Explorations of the Moon and Mars are planned as future manned space missions, during which humans will be exposed to both radiation and microgravity. We do not, however, know the health effects for such combined exposures. In a ground-based experiment, we evaluated the combined effects of radiation and simulated microgravity on tumorigenesis by performing X-irradiation and tail suspension in C3B6F1 ApcMin/+ mice, a well-established model for intestinal tumorigenesis. Mice were irradiated at 2 weeks of age and underwent tail suspension for 3 or 11 weeks using a special device that avoids damage to the tail. The tail suspension treatment significantly reduced the thymus weight after 3 weeks but not 11 weeks, suggesting a transient stress response. The combination of irradiation and tail suspension significantly increased the number of small intestinal tumors less than 2 mm in diameter as compared with either treatment alone. The combined treatment also increased the fraction of malignant tumors among all small intestinal tumors as compared with the radiation-only treatment. Thus, the C3B6F1 ApcMin/+ mouse is a useful model for assessing cancer risk in a simulated space environment, in which simulated microgravity accelerates tumor progression when combined with radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Seo
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kambe
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasaki K, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Ishihara S, Ishida H, Ishibashi K, Mori Y, Shichijo S, Tani Y, Takeuchi Y, Chino A, Takao M, Fujiyoshi K, Matsubara T, Miyakura Y, Taniguchi F, Yamaguchi T, Tanakaya K, Tomita N, Ajioka Y. Risk of gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis in Japan: a nationwide multicenter study. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:187-194. [PMID: 38263336 PMCID: PMC10904405 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have an increased risk of developing gastric neoplasms. However, the clinical course of FAP with these gastric lesions has not yet been fully clarified. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in the incidence risk of developing gastric adenoma or gastric cancer during the lifespan of patients with FAP. METHODS Four hundred forty-three patients with data regarding gastric adenoma and gastric cancer retrospectively registered in a nationwide Japanese multicenter study were enrolled. The cumulative incidences and hazard rates (HRs) of gastric neoplasms were evaluated. RESULTS The cumulative incidence rates in 50-year-old patients with FAP were 22.8% for gastric adenoma and 7.6% for gastric cancer, respectively. No significant association was found between gastric neoplasms and the colonic phenotype. The peak age for the HR of gastric adenoma was 65 years, with the highest HR (0.043). Regarding the incidence of gastric cancer, the HR increased moderately up to the age of 40 years, but the increase accelerated from the age of 50 years (HR = 0.0067). CONCLUSION Careful surveillance of the upper gastrointestinal tract in elderly patients with FAP, such as shortening the interval of follow-up according to age, may be helpful for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishida
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mori
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoki Shichijo
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Division of Hereditary Tumors and Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Chino
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Takao
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsubara
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Miyakura
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Tanakaya
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou S, Sarabia SF, Estrine D, Ostrow D, Schmidt RJ, Warren M, Raca G, Shillingford N, Wang L, Pawel B, Stein JE, Biegel JA, Lopez-Terrada D, Mascarenhas L, Ji J. Comparative Clinicopathologic and Genomic Analysis of Hepatocellular Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified, and Hepatoblastoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100385. [PMID: 37992967 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS), poses significant challenges. Our study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and genomic similarities and differences between HCN-NOS and hepatoblastoma (HB) to guide diagnostic and treatment strategies. The clinicopathologic characteristics of 16 patients with HCN-NOS and 23 patients with HB were compared. Molecular studies, including the OncoKids DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing panel, chromosomal microarray, and targeted Sanger sequencing analyses of CTNNB1 and TERT promoters, were employed. We found that patients with HCN-NOS were older (P < .001) and more frequently classified as high risk (P < .01), yet they showed no significant differences in alpha fetoprotein levels or survival outcomes compared with those with HB. HCN-NOS and HB had a comparable frequency of sequence variants, with CTNNB1 mutations being predominant in both groups. Notably, TERT promoter mutations (37.5%) and rare clinically significant variants (BRAF, NRAS, and KMT2D) were exclusive to HCN-NOS. HCN-NOS demonstrated a higher prevalence of gains in 1q, encompassing the MDM4 locus (17/17 vs 11/24; P < .001), as well as loss/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p (11/17 vs 6/24; P < .05) and chromosome 11 (7/17 vs 1/24; P < .01) when compared with HB. Furthermore, the recurrent loss/LOH of chromosomes 3, 4p, 9, 15q, and Y was only observed in HCN-NOS. However, no significant differences were noted in gains of chromosomes 2, 8, and 20, or loss/LOH of 4q and 11p between the 2 groups. Notably, no clinically significant gene fusions were detected in either group. In conclusion, our study reveals that HCN-NOS exhibits high-risk clinicopathologic features and greater structural complexity compared with HB. However, patients with HCN-NOS exhibit comparable alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, CTNNB1 mutation rates, and survival outcomes when subjected to aggressive treatment, as compared with those with HB. These findings have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform more effective treatments for HCN-NOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dolores Estrine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nick Shillingford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James E Stein
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spier I, Yin X, Richardson M, Pineda M, Laner A, Ritter D, Boyle J, Mur P, Hansen TVO, Shi X, Mahmood K, Plazzer JP, Ognedal E, Nordling M, Farrington SM, Yamamoto G, Baert-Desurmont S, Martins A, Borras E, Tops C, Webb E, Beshay V, Genuardi M, Pesaran T, Capellá G, Tavtigian SV, Latchford A, Frayling IM, Plon SE, Greenblatt M, Macrae FA, Aretz S. Gene-specific ACMG/AMP classification criteria for germline APC variants: Recommendations from the ClinGen InSiGHT Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel. Genet Med 2024; 26:100992. [PMID: 37800450 PMCID: PMC10922469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP) was established by the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours and the Clinical Genome Resource, who set out to develop recommendations for the interpretation of germline APC variants underlying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, the most frequent hereditary polyposis syndrome. METHODS Through a rigorous process of database analysis, literature review, and expert elicitation, the APC VCEP derived gene-specific modifications to the ACMG/AMP (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology) variant classification guidelines and validated such criteria through the pilot classification of 58 variants. RESULTS The APC-specific criteria represented gene- and disease-informed specifications, including a quantitative approach to allele frequency thresholds, a stepwise decision tool for truncating variants, and semiquantitative evaluations of experimental and clinical data. Using the APC-specific criteria, 47% (27/58) of pilot variants were reclassified including 14 previous variants of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSION The APC-specific ACMG/AMP criteria preserved the classification of well-characterized variants on ClinVar while substantially reducing the number of VUS by 56% (14/25). Moving forward, the APC VCEP will continue to interpret prioritized lists of VUS, the results of which will represent the most authoritative variant classification for widespread clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Spier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | - Marta Pineda
- European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Deborah Ritter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Julie Boyle
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John-Paul Plazzer
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Margareta Nordling
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gou Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Carli Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriel Capellá
- European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean V Tavtigian
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Frayling
- Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Inherited Tumour Syndromes Research Group, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Marc Greenblatt
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ibrahim R, Assi T, Khoury R, Ngo C, Faron M, Verret B, Lévy A, Honoré C, Hénon C, Le Péchoux C, Bahleda R, Le Cesne A. Desmoid-type fibromatosis: Current therapeutic strategies and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 123:102675. [PMID: 38159438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Desmoid tumors (DT) are rare, slow-growing, locally invasive soft tissue tumors that often pose significant therapeutic challenges. Traditional management strategies including active surveillance, surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy which are associated with varying recurrence rates and high morbidity. Given the challenging nature of DT and the modest outcomes associated with current treatment strategies, there has been a growing interest in the field of γ-secretase inhibitors as a result of its action on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this review article, we will shed the light on the pathogenesis and molecular biology of DT, discuss its symptoms and diagnosis, and provide a comprehensive review of the traditional therapeutic approaches. We will also delve into the mechanisms of action of γ-secretase inhibitors, its efficacy, and the existing preclinical and clinical data available to date on the use of these agents, as well as the potential challenges and future prospects in the treatment landscape of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ibrahim
- Division of International Patients Care, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Tarek Assi
- Division of International Patients Care, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - Rita Khoury
- Division of International Patients Care, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Carine Ngo
- Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Faron
- Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Verret
- Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Lévy
- Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Honoré
- Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Clémence Hénon
- Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Axel Le Cesne
- Division of International Patients Care, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Sarcoma Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma K, Sundling KE, Zhang R, Matkowskyj KA. Pathologic Features of Primary Colon, Rectal, and Anal Malignancies. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 192:233-263. [PMID: 39212924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61238-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In USA, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, second in women, as well as the third leading cause of cancer deaths (Siegel et al. in Cancer J Clin 73:1-112, 2023 [109]). Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death and causes almost 916,000 deaths each year (Ferlay in Global cancer observatory: cancer today. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2020 [28]). Fortunately, due to the colon's surgical and endoscopic accessibility and functional redundancy, colorectal cancer is very treatable. Colonoscopic surveillance has the potential for not only providing tissue for the diagnosis of precancerous polyps and invasive carcinoma, but also preventing development of invasive carcinoma by the removal of precancerous lesions. This chapter discusses the clinical and pathologic features of the spectrum of epithelial, hematolymphoid, and mesenchymal malignant tumors of the colon, rectum, appendix, and anus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Sharma
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Sundling
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Grande Prairie Regional Hospital, Grande Prairie, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oda S, Ushiama M, Nakamura W, Gotoh M, Tanabe N, Watanabe T, Odaka Y, Aoyagi K, Sakamoto H, Nakajima T, Sugano K, Yoshida T, Shiraishi Y, Hirata M. A complex rearrangement between APC and TP63 associated with familial adenomatous polyposis identified by multimodal genomic analysis: a case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1205847. [PMID: 37601671 PMCID: PMC10434623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1205847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing of the APC gene by sequencing analysis and MLPA is available across commercial laboratories for the definitive genetic diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, some genetic alterations are difficult to detect using conventional analyses. Here, we report a case of a complex genomic APC-TP63 rearrangement, which was identified in a patient with FAP by a series of genomic analyses, including multigene panel testing, chromosomal analyses, and long-read sequencing. A woman in her thirties was diagnosed with FAP due to multiple polyps in her colon and underwent total colectomy. Subsequent examination revealed fundic gland polyposis. No family history suggesting FAP was noted except for a first-degree relative with desmoid fibromatosis. The conventional APC gene testing was performed by her former doctor, but no pathogenic variant was detected, except for 2 variants of unknown significance. The patient was referred to our hospital for further genetic analysis. After obtaining informed consent in genetic counseling, we conducted a multigene panel analysis. As insertion of a part of the TP63 sequence was detected within exon16 of APC, further analyses, including chromosomal analysis and long-read sequencing, were performed and a complex translocation between chromosomes 3 and 5 containing several breakpoints in TP63 and APC was identified. No phenotype associated with TP63 pathogenic variants, such as split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) or ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, or cleft lip/palate syndrome (EEC) was identified in the patient or her relatives. Multimodal genomic analyses should be considered in cases where no pathogenic germline variants are detected by conventional genetic testing despite an evident medical or family history of hereditary cancer syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoyo Oda
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineko Ushiama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Gotoh
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanabe
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Watanabe
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Odaka
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Aoyagi
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Department Medical Ethics/Medical Genetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kokichi Sugano
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mirabdolhosseini SM, Rejali L, Yaghoob Taleghani M, Sadeghi H, Kashfi SMH, Behboudi Farahbakhsh F, Golmohammadi M, Larki P, Fatemi N, Ketabi Moghadam P, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Sadeghi A, Asadzadeh Aghdaie H, Zali MR. An update of the variant spectrum of the APC gene in Iranian familial adenomatous polyposis patients. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:40-56. [PMID: 37405864 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2229878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant colorectal cancer syndrome that is characterized by the development of multiple adenomas in the colon and rectum with high penetrance rates. This disease has specific features like the occurrence of pathogenic variations in the APC gene and diverse FAP phenotypes due to the occurrence region. In this study we aimed to evaluate pathogenic variants in exons of the APC gene in Iranian patients with FAP. A total of 35 FAP individuals were referred to the gastroenterology ward of Taleghani Hospital. As the aim of the study was to study the germline variations in the participants, the peripheral blood was collected and after the DNA extraction, PCR, and Sanger sequencing processes for the APC gene, the results were evaluated by the ACMG classification guidelines to report their pathogenicity. Accordingly, out of eight specific detected variants, three of them were novel, and the rest were reported previously. These eight variants were all truncating protein and pathogenic, and they were limited to 849-1378 codons. Overall, detected variants revealed discrepancies and parallels with previous reported cases in terms of quantity, occurrence region, and association with demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients. The spectrum of detected variants and the patient's phenotype showed distinct characteristics, such as occurrence in specific regions and the absence of extracolonic symptoms like Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE). These findings open the path to comprehending the typical symptoms, their rarity, and their occurrence in the Iranian population and also due to the facts, we found that the studying of the APC gene alone for diagnosing FAP disease is not sufficient, and considering other genes are completely rational in the case of sequencing and studying the variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohsen Mirabdolhosseini
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Rejali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoob Taleghani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Kashfi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeghe Behboudi Farahbakhsh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Golmohammadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Larki
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Ketabi Moghadam
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaie
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yanagihara H, Morioka T, Yamazaki S, Yamada Y, Tachibana H, Daino K, Tsuruoka C, Amasaki Y, Kaminishi M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S. Interstitial deletion of the Apc locus in β-catenin-overexpressing cells is a signature of radiation-induced intestinal tumors in C3B6F1 ApcMin/+ mice†. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:622-631. [PMID: 37117033 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified interstitial deletions in the cancer genome as a radiation-related mutational signature, although most of them do not fall on cancer driver genes. Pioneering studies in the field have indicated the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) spanning Apc in a subset of sporadic and radiation-induced intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+ mice, albeit with a substantial subset in which LOH was not detected; whether copy number losses accompany such LOH has also been unclear. Herein, we analyzed intestinal tumors of C3B6F1 ApcMin/+ mice that were either left untreated or irradiated with 2 Gy of γ-rays. We observed intratumor mosaicism with respect to the nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of immunohistochemically detectable β-catenin, which is a hallmark of Apc+ allele loss. An immunoguided laser microdissection approach enabled the detection of LOH involving the Apc+ allele in β-catenin-overexpressing cells; in contrast, the LOH was not observed in the non-overexpressing cells. With this improvement, LOH involving Apc+ was detected in all 22 tumors analyzed, in contrast to what has been reported previously. The use of a formalin-free fixative facilitated the LOH and microarray-based DNA copy number analyses, enabling the classification of the aberrations as nondisjunction/mitotic recombination type or interstitial deletion type. Of note, the latter was observed only in radiation-induced tumors (nonirradiated, 0 of 8; irradiated, 11 of 14). Thus, an analysis considering intratumor heterogeneity identifies interstitial deletion involving the Apc+ allele as a causative radiation-related event in intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+ mice, providing an accurate approach for attributing individual tumors to radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yanagihara
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tachibana
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Amasaki
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kaminishi
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Horiguchi H, Kadomatsu T, Yumoto S, Masuda T, Miyata K, Yamamura S, Sato M, Morinaga J, Ohtsuki S, Baba H, Moroishi T, Oike Y. Tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 promotes β-catenin-driven intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2022; 41:4028-4041. [PMID: 35831580 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells caused by mutations in genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with development of intestinal cancers. We previously reported that intestinal stromal cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) controls epithelial regeneration and intestinal immune responses. However, the role of tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 in intestinal tumorigenesis remained unclear. Here, we show that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 promotes β-catenin-driven intestinal tumorigenesis. ANGPTL2 deficiency suppressed intestinal tumor development in an experimental mouse model of sporadic colon cancer. We also found that increased ANGPTL2 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells augments β-catenin pathway signaling and promotes tumor cell proliferation. Relevant to mechanism, our findings suggest that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 upregulates expression of OB-cadherin, which then interacts with β-catenin, blocking destruction complex-independent proteasomal degradation of β-catenin proteins. Moreover, our observations support a model whereby ANGPTL2-induced OB-cadherin expression in CRC cells is accompanied by decreased cell surface integrin α5β1 expression. These findings overall provide novel insight into mechanisms of β-catenin-driven intestinal tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Shinsei Yumoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamamura
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Noble A, Durant L, Dilke SM, Man R, Martin I, Patel R, Hoyles L, Pring ET, Latchford A, Clark SK, Carding SR, Knight SC. Altered Mucosal Immune-Microbiota Interactions in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00428. [PMID: 35297393 PMCID: PMC10476795 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a condition caused by a constitutional pathogenic variant of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene that results in intestinal adenoma formation and colorectal cancer, necessitating pre-emptive colectomy. We sought to examine interaction between the mucosal immune system and commensal bacteria in FAP to test for immune dysfunction that might accelerate tumorigenesis. METHODS Colonic biopsies were obtained from macroscopically normal mucosal tissue from 14 healthy donors and 13 patients with FAP during endoscopy or from surgical specimens. Intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were phenotyped. Intraepithelial microbes were labeled with anti-IgA/IgG and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Proportions of resident memory CD103-expressing CD8 + and γδ T-cell receptor + intraepithelial lymphocytes were dramatically reduced in both the left and right colon of patients with FAP compared with healthy controls. In lamina propria, T cells expressed less CD103, and CD4 + CD103 + cells expressed less CD73 ectonucleotidase. IgA coating of epithelia-associated bacteria, IgA + peripheral B cells, and CD4 T-cell memory responses to commensal bacteria were increased in FAP. DISCUSSION Loss of resident memory T cells and γδ T cells in mucosal tissue of patients with FAP accompanies intestinal microbial dysbiosis previously reported in this precancerous state and suggests impaired cellular immunity and tumor surveillance. This may lead to barrier dysfunction, possible loss of regulatory T-cell function, and excess IgA antibody secretion. Our data are the first to implicate mucosal immune dysfunction as a contributing factor in this genetically driven disease and identify potentially critical pathways in the etiology of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Noble
- Gut Microbes and Health Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom;
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Lydia Durant
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Stella M. Dilke
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Ripple Man
- The Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Isabel Martin
- The Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Roshani Patel
- The Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Edward T. Pring
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| | - Andrew Latchford
- The Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom;
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;
| | - Susan K. Clark
- The Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom;
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom;
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Stella C. Knight
- Gut Microbes and Health Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom;
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Riedel RF, Agulnik M. Evolving strategies for management of desmoid tumor. Cancer 2022; 128:3027-3040. [PMID: 35670122 PMCID: PMC9546183 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Desmoid tumors (DTs) are rare soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms that may be associated with impairments, disfigurement, morbidity, and (rarely) mortality. DT disease course can be unpredictable. Most DTs are sporadic, harboring somatic mutations in the gene that encodes for β-catenin, whereas DTs occurring in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have germline mutations in the APC gene, which encodes for a protein regulator of β-catenin. Pathology review by an expert soft tissue pathologist is critical in making a diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is preferred for most anatomic locations. Surgery, once the standard of care for initial treatment of DT, is associated with a significant risk of recurrence as well as avoidable morbidity because spontaneous regressions are known to occur without treatment. Consequently, active surveillance in conjunction with pain management is now recommended for most patients. Systemic medical treatment of DT has evolved beyond the use of hormone therapy, which is no longer routinely recommended. Current options for medical management include tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as more conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy (e.g., anthracycline-based or methotrexate-based regimens). A newer class of agents, γ-secretase inhibitors, appears promising, including in patients who fail other therapies, but confirmation in Phase 3 trials is needed. In summary, DTs present challenges to physicians in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as in determining treatment initiation, type, duration, and sequence. Accordingly, evaluation by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in DT and patient-tailored management are essential. As management strategies continue to evolve, further studies will help clarify these issues and optimize outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Riedel
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Colorectal carcinoma occurring via the adenoma-carcinoma pathway in patients with serrated polyposis syndrome. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:286-299. [PMID: 35194694 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is associated with an increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, the carcinogenic mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated clinicopathological characteristics and genetic abnormalities in colorectal polyps and CRC to elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms in SPS. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological features of colorectal polyps in 44 SPS patients, and examined mutations of genes including APC, RAS, BRAF, and TP53, and microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC tissues. RESULTS Of the 44 patients, 25 (56%) fulfilled WHO criterion 1, 11 (25%) fulfilled criterion 2, and 8 (18%) fulfilled both. A total of 956 polyps were observed; 642 (67%) hyperplastic polyps (HP), 204 (21%) sessile serrated lesions (SSL), 10 (1%) traditional serrated adenoma (TSA), and 100 (11%) adenomas. The median numbers of polyps (/patient) were 10.5 (IQR 2.75-23) HPs, 4.0 (2.0-6.0) SSLs, 0 (0-0) TSA, and 1 (0-3.3) adenoma. SSL and HP located preferentially in the proximal and distal colon, respectively. Twenty-two CRCs were found in 18 patients. Based on the histological coexistence of SSL/TSA, BRAF mutation and MSI, 5 CRCs (26%) were classified as serrated-neoplasia pathway. Conversely, based on the coexistence of adenoma, APC/RAS and TP53 mutations, 11 CRCs (58%) were classified as adenoma-carcinoma pathway. The remaining three were unclassifiable. Most CRCs through adenoma-carcinoma pathway were located in the left-side colorectum and patients bearing those met criterion 2, characterized by many HP and advanced adenomas. Adenoma was a significant risk factor for CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that more than half of the CRCs, particularly those in the left-side colorectum, developed through the adenoma-carcinoma pathway in SPS patients. Adenoma was a risk factor for CRCs, suggesting its importance in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiao Q, Werner J, Venkatachalam N, Boonekamp KE, Ebert MP, Zhan T. Cross-Talk between p53 and Wnt Signaling in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 35327645 PMCID: PMC8946298 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer hallmarks is a cardinal strategy to improve antineoplastic treatment. However, cross-talk between signaling pathways and key oncogenic processes frequently convey resistance to targeted therapies. The p53 and Wnt pathway play vital roles for the biology of many tumors, as they are critically involved in cancer onset and progression. Over recent decades, a high level of interaction between the two pathways has been revealed. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of molecular interactions between the p53 and Wnt pathway discovered in cancer, including complex feedback loops and reciprocal transactivation. The mutational landscape of genes associated with p53 and Wnt signaling is described, including mutual exclusive and co-occurring genetic alterations. Finally, we summarize the functional consequences of this cross-talk for cancer phenotypes, such as invasiveness, metastasis or drug resistance, and discuss potential strategies to pharmacologically target the p53-Wnt interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Xiao
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Johannes Werner
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (K.E.B.)
| | - Nachiyappan Venkatachalam
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Kim E. Boonekamp
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (K.E.B.)
| | - Matthias P. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Germline mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in Algerian familial adenomatous polyposis cohort: first report. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3823-3837. [PMID: 35142982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis (known also as classical or severe FAP) is a rare autosomal dominant colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome, characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum from an early age. In the absence of prophylactic surgery, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the inevitable consequence of FAP. The vast majority of FAP is caused by germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene (5q21). To date, most of the germline mutations in classical FAP result in truncation of the APC protein and 60% are mainly located within exon 15. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this first nationwide study, we investigated the clinical and genetic features of 52 unrelated Algerian FAP families. We screened by PCR-direct sequencing the entire exon 15 of APC gene in 50 families and two families have been analyzed by NGS using a cancer panel of 30 hereditary cancer genes. RESULTS Among 52 FAP index cases, 36 had 100 or more than 100 polyps, 37 had strong family history of FAP, 5 developed desmoids tumors, 15 had extra colonic manifestations and 21 had colorectal cancer. We detected 13 distinct germline mutations in 17 FAP families. Interestingly, 4 novel APC germline pathogenic variants never described before have been identified in our study. CONCLUSIONS The accumulating knowledge about the prevalence and nature of APC variants in Algerian population will contribute in the near future to the implementation of genetic testing and counseling for FAP patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Takao M, Yamaguchi T, Eguchi H, Yamada T, Okazaki Y, Tomita N, Nomizu T, Momma T, Takayama T, Tanakaya K, Akagi K, Ishida H. APC germline variant analysis in the adenomatous polyposis phenotype in Japanese patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1661-1670. [PMID: 34106356 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple colonic polyps, is caused by a germline pathogenic variant of the APC gene. However, this variant is not detected in up to 30% of patients with the adenomatous polyposis phenotype. METHODS We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify the causative genes in FAP patients with 10 or more polyps. For patients in whom the APC germline variant was not able to be identified, we screened for APC mosaicism using high-coverage NGS of APC with DNA from leucocytes and/or frozen tissue. RESULTS The pathogenic APC germline variant was found in 93.3%, 71.6%, and 17.1% of patients with profuse-type polyposis, sparse-type polyposis, and oligo-polyposis, respectively. The APC germline variant detection rate in patients with FAP-related diseases was 69.7% for fundic gland polyposis, 79.7% for duodenal adenoma, 94.7% for desmoid tumor, and 71.4% for thyroid cancer, with increasing numbers of extracolonic lesions associated with an increasing APC germline variant detection rate. A mosaic test detected nine patients with APC mosaicism. A comparison of APC-associated polyposis with APC mosaicism showed that patients with APC mosaicism had a low frequency of duodenal adenoma and a family history of colonic polyposis. CONCLUSIONS We determined the detection rate of the APC germline variant by phenotype and identified APC mosaicism. Genetic testing of FAP patients is important because it can help with surgical decision-making, monitoring, and genetic counseling. Furthermore, genetic testing by NGS proved to be an effective method of detecting APC germline variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Takao
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan.,Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan. .,Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases and Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases and Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- Division of Lower GI Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nomizu
- Department of Surgery, Hoshi General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Momma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohji Tanakaya
- Department of Surgery, Iwakuni Clinical Center, Iwakuni, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Akagi
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishida
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moderate DNA hypomethylation suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting caspase-3 expression and apoptosis. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:38. [PMID: 33947834 PMCID: PMC8096944 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global DNA hypomethylation is a most common epigenetic alteration in human neoplasia. However, accumulative evidence shows that global DNA hypomethylation impacts tumorigenesis in a tissue-specific manner, promoting tumorigenesis in some but suppressing tumorigenesis in others including colorectal cancer. The underlying mechanisms, especially how DNA hypomethylation suppresses tumorigenesis, remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate how DNA hypomethylation affects intestinal tumorigenesis by using an Uhrf1 tandem tudor domain knockin mutant mouse model (Uhrf1ki/ki) that exhibits a moderate ~10% reduction of global DNA methylation. We found that both chemical-induced colorectal carcinogenesis and Apc loss of heterozygosity (LOH)-induced intestinal tumorigenesis are substantially suppressed in the Uhrf1 mutant mice. Furthermore, unlike Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice in which DNA hypomethylation suppresses the incidence of macroscopic intestinal tumors but promotes the formation of microadenoma in ApcMin/+ background, Uhrf1ki/ki/ApcMin/+ mice have markedly reduced incidence of both microadenoma and macroadenoma. DNA hypomethylation does not appear to affect Apc LOH, activation of the Wnt or Hippo pathway, or tumor cell proliferation, but acts cooperatively with activated Wnt pathway to enhance the caspase-3 gene expression, activation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, increased caspase-3 expression correlates with DNA hypomethylation within the caspase-3 enhancer regions. Taken together, we present a new mouse model for investigating the role of and the molecular mechanisms by which DNA hypomethylation suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis. Our finding that a moderate DNA hypomethylation is sufficient to suppress intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting caspase-3 expression and apoptosis sheds new light on DNA-methylation inhibitor-based colorectal cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fonseca AS, Ramão A, Bürger MC, de Souza JES, Zanette DL, de Molfetta GA, de Araújo LF, de Barros E Lima Bueno R, Aguiar GM, Plaça JR, Alves CDP, Dos Santos ARD, Vidal DO, Silva GEB, Panepucci RA, Peria FM, Feres O, da Rocha JJR, Zago MA, Silva WA. ETV4 plays a role on the primary events during the adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 33648461 PMCID: PMC7919324 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide; it is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and the third in Brazil. Mutations in the APC, DCC, KRAS and TP53 genes have been associated with the progression of sporadic CRC, occurring at defined pathological stages of the tumor progression and consequently modulating several genes in the corresponding signaling pathways. Therefore, the identification of gene signatures that occur at each stage during the CRC progression is critical and can present an impact on the diagnosis and prognosis of the patient. In this study, our main goal was to determine these signatures, by evaluating the gene expression of paired colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma samples to identify novel genetic markers in association to the adenoma-adenocarcinoma stage transition. METHODS Ten paired adenoma and adenocarcinoma colorectal samples were subjected to microarray gene expression analysis. In addition, mutations in APC, KRAS and TP53 genes were investigated by DNA sequencing in paired samples of adenoma, adenocarcinoma, normal tissue, and peripheral blood from ten patients. RESULTS Gene expression analysis revealed a signature of 689 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (fold-change> 2, p< 0.05), between the adenoma and adenocarcinoma paired samples analyzed. Gene pathway analysis using the 689 DEG identified important cancer pathways such as remodeling of the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among these DEG, the ETV4 stood out as one of the most expressed in the adenocarcinoma samples, further confirmed in the adenocarcinoma set of samples from the TCGA database. Subsequent in vitro siRNA assays against ETV4 resulted in the decrease of cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration in the HT29 and SW480 colorectal cell lines. DNA sequencing analysis revealed KRAS and TP53 gene pathogenic mutations, exclusively in the adenocarcinomas samples. CONCLUSION Our study identified a set of genes with high potential to be used as biomarkers in CRC, with a special emphasis on the ETV4 gene, which demonstrated involvement in proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Simoneti Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Center for Integrative Systems Biology - CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av Silva Jardim, 1632, CEP: 80250-060, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Anelisa Ramão
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Carvalho Bürger
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dalila Lucíola Zanette
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Integrative Systems Biology - CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Science and Technology in Health (LASTH), Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Greice Andreotti de Molfetta
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Integrative Systems Biology - CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ferreira de Araújo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Integrative Systems Biology - CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Barros E Lima Bueno
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziela Moura Aguiar
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rodrigues Plaça
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleidson de Pádua Alves
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anemari Ramos Dinarte Dos Santos
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Onofre Vidal
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy (LIME), Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maris Peria
- Departament of Medical Clinic, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antonio Zago
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Center for Cell Based Therapy and National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Center for Integrative Systems Biology - CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Seo Y, Park SY, Kim HS, Nam JS. The Hippo-YAP Signaling as Guardian in the Pool of Intestinal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120560. [PMID: 33271948 PMCID: PMC7760694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite endogenous insults such as mechanical stress and danger signals derived from the microbiome, the intestine can maintain its homeostatic condition through continuous self-renewal of the crypt–villus axis. This extraordinarily rapid turnover of intestinal epithelium, known to be 3 to 5 days, can be achieved by dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The crypt base-located leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5+) ISCs maintain intestinal integrity in the steady state. Under severe damage leading to the loss of conventional ISCs, quiescent stem cells and even differentiated cells can be reactivated into stem-cell-like cells with multi-potency and contribute to the reconstruction of the intestinal epithelium. This process requires fine-tuning of the various signaling pathways, including the Hippo–YAP system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the correlation between Hippo–YAP signaling and intestinal homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis, focusing specifically on ISC regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Casein Kinase 1α as a Regulator of Wnt-Driven Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165940. [PMID: 32824859 PMCID: PMC7460588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates numerous cellular processes during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Underscoring this physiological importance, deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is associated with many disease states, including cancer. Here, we review pivotal regulatory events in the Wnt signaling pathway that drive cancer growth. We then discuss the roles of the established negative Wnt regulator, casein kinase 1α (CK1α), in Wnt signaling. Although the study of CK1α has been ongoing for several decades, the bulk of such research has focused on how it phosphorylates and regulates its various substrates. We focus here on what is known about the mechanisms controlling CK1α, including its putative regulatory proteins and alternative splicing variants. Finally, we describe the discovery and validation of a family of pharmacological CK1α activators capable of inhibiting Wnt pathway activity. One of the important advantages of CK1α activators, relative to other classes of Wnt inhibitors, is their reduced on-target toxicity, overcoming one of the major impediments to developing a clinically relevant Wnt inhibitor. Therefore, we also discuss mechanisms that regulate CK1α steady-state homeostasis, which may contribute to the deregulation of Wnt pathway activity in cancer and underlie the enhanced therapeutic index of CK1α activators.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Mesenteric diseases are broadly separated into 2 groups: non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Common non-neoplastic mesenteric diseases include those involving the mesenteric vasculature and those of inflammatory processes. Mesenteric inflammatory processes can mimic a neoplastic process. Neoplastic diseases of the mesentery are rare. Generally, the morphology, behavior and diagnostic criteria for mesenteric tumors are similar to their soft tissue or organ-specific counterparts. Their recognition can be challenging because they sometimes are overlooked in differential diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin K Dashti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 3119, Duke South, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, DUMC 3712, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pattison AM, Barton JR, Entezari AA, Zalewski A, Rappaport JA, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Silencing the intestinal GUCY2C tumor suppressor axis requires APC loss of heterozygosity. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:799-805. [PMID: 32594830 PMCID: PMC7515455 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1779005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most sporadic colorectal cancer reflects acquired mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene, while germline heterozygosity for mutant APC produces the autosomal dominant disorder Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) with a predisposition to colorectal cancer. In these syndromes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) silences the remaining normal allele of APC, through an unknown mechanism, as the initiating step in transformation. Guanylyl cyclase C receptor (GUCY2C) and its hormones, uroguanylin and guanylin, have emerged as a key signaling axis opposing mutations driving intestinal tumorigenesis. Indeed, uroguanylin and guanylin are among the most commonly repressed genes in colorectal cancer. Here, we explored the role of APC heterozygosity in mechanisms repressing hormone expression which could contribute to LOH. In genetic mouse models of APC loss, uroguanylin and guanylin expression were quantified following monoallelic or biallelic deletion of the Apc gene. Induced biallelic loss of APC repressed uroguanylin and guanylin expression. However, monoallelic APC loss in Apcmin/+ mice did not alter hormone expression. Similarly, in FAP patients, normal colonic mucosa (monoallelic APC loss) expressed guanylin while adenomas and an invasive carcinoma (biallelic APC loss) were devoid of hormone expression. Thus, uroguanylin and guanylin expression by normal intestinal epithelial cells persists in the context of APC heterozygosity and is lost only after tumor initiation by APC LOH. These observations reveal a role for loss of the hormones silencing the GUCY2C axis in tumor progression following biallelic APC loss, but not in mechanisms creating the genetic vulnerability in epithelial cells underlying APC LOH initiating tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua R Barton
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana A Entezari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alicja Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aghabozorgi AS, Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Tehrani SS, Nabizadeh F, Setayesh L, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Ferns GA, Avan A, Rashidi Z. The genetic factors associated with Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 256:118006. [PMID: 32593708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. There is growing information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, the knowledge of the predisposing factors is limited. The development of CRC is strongly associated with the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway. This pathway comprises several major target proteins, including LRP5/6, GSK3β, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axis inhibition protein (Axin), and β-catenin. Genetic variations in these components of the Wnt signaling pathway may lead to the activation of β-catenin, potentially increasing the proliferation of colorectal cells. Because of the potentially important role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC, we aimed to review the involvement of different mutations in the main downstream proteins of this pathway, including LRP5/6, APC, GSK3β, Axin, and β-catenin. Determination of the genetic risk factors involved in the progression of CRC may lead to novel approaches for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirsaeed Sabeti Aghabozorgi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hsieh MJ, Chiu TJ, Lin YC, Weng CC, Weng YT, Hsiao CC, Cheng KH. Inactivation of APC Induces CD34 Upregulation to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Traits in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124473. [PMID: 32586050 PMCID: PMC7352299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy due to the cancer routinely being diagnosed late and having a limited response to chemotherapy. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic malignant tumor, representing more than 85% of all pancreatic cancers. In the present study, we characterized the phenotypes of concomitant P53 and APC mutations in pancreatic neoplasms driven by the oncogene KRAS in genetically modified mice (GEMM). In this GEMM setting, APC haploinsufficiency coupled with P53 deletion and KRASG12D activation resulted in an earlier appearance of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and progressed rapidly to highly invasive and metastatic PDAC. Through a microarray analysis of murine PDAC cells derived from our APC-deficient PDAC model, we observed that APC loss leads to upregulated CD34 expression in PDAC. CD34 is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane proteins and is selectively expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial precursor cells, and various interstitial tumor cells. However, the functional roles of CD34 in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we explored the mechanisms regarding how CD34 promotes the deterioration of pancreatic malignancy. Our results demonstrated that the increased expression of CD34 induced by APC inactivation promotes the invasion and migration of PDAC cells, which may relate to PDAC metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our study provides first-line evidence to delineate the association between CD34 and the APC/Wnt pathway in PDAC, and reveals the potential roles of CD34 in PDAC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jen Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu Chun Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Ching-Chieh Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (K.-h.C.)
| | - Kuang-hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (K.-h.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma H, Yu Y, Wang M, Li Z, Xu H, Tian C, Zhang J, Ye X, Li X. Correlation between microbes and colorectal cancer: tumor apoptosis is induced by sitosterols through promoting gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids. Apoptosis 2020; 24:168-183. [PMID: 30506375 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of the bacterial community in the gut is closely related to human health. Gut microbes accomplish multiple physiological and biochemical functions. Sitosterols are a series of phytochemicals that have multiple pharmacological activities and are used as cholesterol-lowering drugs in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the roles of bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the anti-colorectal cancer (anti-CRC) effects of sitosterols in BALB/c nude mice. Sitosterols were administered orally and gut microbiota composition and intestinal SCFAs changes were analyzed. The correlation between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and tumor apoptosis was assessed by a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. Tumor growth in the mice was inhibited by sitosterol-treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that sitosterol-treatment reduced the expression of PI3K/Akt, promoted the activation of Bad, decreased Bcl-xl, and enhanced cyto-c release, leading to caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and apoptosis. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the diversity of microbiota, particularly phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, reduced dramatically in the gut of tumor-bearing mice, whilst treatment with sitosterols reversed these changes. The levels of SCFAs in the fecal samples of sitosterol-treated mice increased, leading to cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, tumor apoptosis was induced after mice received a daily dose of 2 × 108 CFU/0.2 mL Lactobacillus pentosus or 20 mM/0.2 mL SCFAs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that sitosterols maintain a diverse microbial environment and enrich the content of L. pentosus in the gut, leading to the production of beneficial metabolites including SCFAs that promote tumor apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ma
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Heshan Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Daneberga Z, Berzina D, Borosenko V, Krumina Z, Kokaine-Sapovalova L, Gardovskis A, Berga-Svitina E, Gardovskis J, Miklasevics E. Pathogenic APC Variants in Latvian Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100612. [PMID: 31547110 PMCID: PMC6843383 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Familial adenomatous polyposis is one of the APC-associated polyposis conditions described as genetically predetermined colorectal polyposis syndrome with a variety of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine sequence variants of the APC gene in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) phenotype and positive or negative family history. Materials and Methods: Eight families with defined criteria of adenomatous polyposis underwent molecular genetic testing. Coding regions and flanking intron regions of the APC gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Eight allelic variants of the APC gene coding sequence were detected. All allelic variants of the APC gene were predicted to be pathogenic based on criteria according to the “Joint Consensus Recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology” (2015), four of them c.1586_1587insAT, c.2336delT, c.3066_3067insGA, and c.4303_4304insC, were considered novel. Conclusions: The timely molecular genetic analysis of APC germline variants and standardized interpretation of the pathogenicity of novel allelic variants has a high impact on choice for treatment, cancer prevention, and family genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanda Daneberga
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Dace Berzina
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Viktors Borosenko
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zita Krumina
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Andris Gardovskis
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Gardovskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Terlouw D, Suerink M, Singh SS, Gille HJJP, Hes FJ, Langers AMJ, Morreau H, Vasen HFA, Vos YJ, van Wezel T, Tops CM, Ten Broeke SW, Nielsen M. Declining detection rates for APC and biallelic MUTYH variants in polyposis patients, implications for DNA testing policy. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:222-230. [PMID: 31527860 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of APC-associated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) in a large cohort, taking into account factors as adenoma count and year of diagnosis. All application forms used to send patients in for APC and MUTYH variant analysis between 1992 and 2017 were collected (n = 2082). Using the data provided on the application form, the APC and biallelic MUTYH prevalence was determined and possible predictive factors were examined using multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis in SPSS. The prevalence of disease causing variants in the APC gene significantly increases with adenoma count while MAP shows a peak prevalence in individuals with 50-99 adenomas. Logistic regression analysis shows significant odds ratios for adenoma count, age at diagnosis, and, interestingly, a decline in the chance of finding a variant in either gene over time. Moreover, in 22% (43/200) of patients with FAP-related extracolonic manifestations a variant was identified. The overall detection rates are above 10% for patients with >10 adenomas aged <60 and >20 adenomas aged <70. Patients with variants outside these criteria had FAP-related extracolonic manifestations, colorectal cancer aged <40, somatic KRAS c.34G > T variant in the tumor or a first-degree relative with >10 adenomas. Therefore, APC and MUTYH testing in patients with >10 adenomas aged <60 and with >20 adenomas aged <70 is advised. Almost all FAP and MAP patients not meeting these criteria showed other characteristics that can be used as an indication to prompt genetic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diantha Terlouw
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sunny S Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J J P Gille
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M J Langers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,The Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne J Vos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carli M Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne W Ten Broeke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Serre L, Stoppin-Mellet V, Arnal I. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli as a Scaffold for Microtubule End-Binding Proteins. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1993-2005. [PMID: 30959051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
End-binding proteins (EBs), referred to as the core components of the microtubule plus-end tracking protein network, interact with the C-terminus of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor. This interaction is disrupted in colon cancers expressing truncated APC. APC and EBs act in synergy to regulate microtubule dynamics during spindle formation, chromosome segregation and cell migration. Since EBs autonomously end-track microtubules and partially co-localize with APC at microtubule tips in cells, EBs have been proposed to direct APC to microtubule ends. However, the interdependency of EB and APC localization on microtubules remains elusive. Here, using in vitro reconstitution and single-molecule imaging, we have investigated the interplay between EBs and the C-terminal domain of APC (APC-C) on dynamic microtubules. Our results show that APC-C binds along the microtubule wall but does not accumulate at microtubule tips, even when EB proteins are present. APC-C was also found to enhance EB binding at the extremity of growing microtubules and on the microtubule lattice: APC-C promotes EB end-tracking properties by increasing the time EBs spend at microtubule growing ends, whereas a pool of EBs with a fast turnover accumulates along the microtubule surface. Overall, our results suggest that APC is a promoter of EB interaction with microtubules, providing molecular determinants to reassess the relationship between APC and EBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Serre
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000 France.
| | - Virginie Stoppin-Mellet
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Isabelle Arnal
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000 France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Araujo LF, Molfetta GA, Vincenzi OC, Huber J, Teixeira LA, Ferraz VE, Silva WA. Molecular basis of familial adenomatous polyposis in the southeast of Brazil: identification of six novel mutations. Int J Biol Markers 2019; 34:80-89. [PMID: 30852976 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818814462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to screen point mutations and deletions in APC and MUTYH genes in patients suspected of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in a Brazilian cohort. METHODS We used high-resolution melting, Sanger direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe association (MLPA) assays to identify point mutations, and large genomic variations within the coding regions of APC and MUTYH genes. RESULTS We identified 19 causative mutations in 40 Brazilian patients from 20 different families. Four novel mutations were identified in the APC gene and two in the MUTYH gene. We also found a high intra- and inter-familial diversity regarding extracolonic manifestations, and gastric polyps were the most common manifestation found in our cohort. CONCLUSION We believe that the FAP mutational spectrum can be population-specific and screening FAP patients in different populations can improve pre-clinical diagnosis and improve clinical conduct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ferreira Araujo
- 1 Departament of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Center for Cell-Based Therapy CEPID/FAPESP, and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,5 Medical Genomics Laboratory, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | - Greice Andreotti Molfetta
- 1 Departament of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Center for Medical Genomics at Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Center for Cell-Based Therapy CEPID/FAPESP, and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Otavio Costa Vincenzi
- 2 Center for Medical Genomics at Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Center for Cell-Based Therapy CEPID/FAPESP, and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,4 Medical Genetics Unit, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair Huber
- 4 Medical Genetics Unit, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Alves Teixeira
- 4 Medical Genetics Unit, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Evangelista Ferraz
- 1 Departament of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Center for Medical Genomics at Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,4 Medical Genetics Unit, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araujo Silva
- 1 Departament of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Center for Medical Genomics at Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Center for Cell-Based Therapy CEPID/FAPESP, and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,4 Medical Genetics Unit, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The role of inherited genetic variants in colorectal polyposis syndromes. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2019; 103:183-217. [PMID: 30904095 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women across the world. Most CRCs occur sporadically, but in 15-35% of cases, hereditary factors are important. Some patients with an inherited predisposition to CRC will be diagnosed with a "genetic polyposis syndrome" such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), polymerase proofreading associated polyposis (PPAP), NTHL1-associated polyposis, MSH3-associated polyposis or a hamartomatous polyposis syndrome. Individuals with ≥10 colorectal polyps have traditionally been referred for genetic diagnostic testing to identify APC and MUTYH mutations which cause FAP and MAP respectively. Mutations are found in most patients with >100 adenomas but in only a minority of those with 10-100 adenomas. The reasons that diagnostic laboratories are not identifying pathogenic variants include mutations occurring outside of the open reading frames of genes, individuals exhibiting generalized mosaicism and the involvement of additional genes. It is important to identify patients with an inherited polyposis syndrome, and to define the mutations causing their polyposis, so that the individuals and their relatives can be managed appropriately.
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu X, Fuentes EJ. Emerging Themes in PDZ Domain Signaling: Structure, Function, and Inhibition. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 343:129-218. [PMID: 30712672 PMCID: PMC7185565 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-synaptic density-95, disks-large and zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains are small globular protein-protein interaction domains widely conserved from yeast to humans. They are composed of ∼90 amino acids and form a classical two α-helical/six β-strand structure. The prototypical ligand is the C-terminus of partner proteins; however, they also bind internal peptide sequences. Recent findings indicate that PDZ domains also bind phosphatidylinositides and cholesterol. Through their ligand interactions, PDZ domain proteins are critical for cellular trafficking and the surface retention of various ion channels. In addition, PDZ proteins are essential for neuronal signaling, memory, and learning. PDZ proteins also contribute to cytoskeletal dynamics by mediating interactions critical for maintaining cell-cell junctions, cell polarity, and cell migration. Given their important biological roles, it is not surprising that their dysfunction can lead to multiple disease states. As such, PDZ domain-containing proteins have emerged as potential targets for the development of small molecular inhibitors as therapeutic agents. Recent data suggest that the critical binding function of PDZ domains in cell signaling is more than just glue, and their binding function can be regulated by phosphorylation or allosterically by other binding partners. These studies also provide a wealth of structural and biophysical data that are beginning to reveal the physical features that endow this small modular domain with a central role in cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ernesto J. Fuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Giang H, Nguyen VT, Nguyen SD, Nguyen HP, Vo BT, Nguyen TM, Nguyen NH, Truong KD, Do TTT, Phan MD, Nguyen HN. Detection of a heterozygous germline APC mutation in a three-generation family with familial adenomatous polyposis using targeted massive parallel sequencing in Vietnam. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:188. [PMID: 30340471 PMCID: PMC6194589 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome characterised by the development of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colonic polyps during the second decade of life. FAP is caused by germ line mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene located on chromosome 5q21-22. CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year-old female was presented with 100-1000 adenomatous colonic polyps, typical of classic FAP symptoms. Genetic testing using massively parallel sequencing identified a 5-bp deletion (c.3927_3931delAAAGA) which causes frameshift (p.Glu1309Aspfs) and creates a premature stop codon, resulting in the replacement of the last 1535 amino acids of APC by five incorrect amino acids. Two of the proband's four siblings also exhibited classic FAP symptoms and carried the same 5-bp heterozygous deletion in the APC gene. One of the proband's two nephews also tested positive for this mutation but has not been examined by endoscopy due to his young age. CONCLUSIONS We reported here for the first time the use of massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based genetic testing to identify a germline mutation within a three-generation Vietnamese family. This mutation is most likely responsible for the development of FAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Giang
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. .,Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
| | | | - Sinh D Nguyen
- Vinmec Central Park International Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.,Ung Buou Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Binh T Vo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.,Graduate Program of Genetics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Truc M Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.,Graduate Program of Genetics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen H Nguyen
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.,Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Kiet D Truong
- Medical Genetics Institute, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Thuy T Do
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Redelman-Sidi G, Binyamin A, Gaeta I, Palm W, Thompson CB, Romesser PB, Lowe SW, Bagul M, Doench JG, Root DE, Glickman MS. The Canonical Wnt Pathway Drives Macropinocytosis in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4658-4670. [PMID: 29871936 PMCID: PMC6226250 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as an important pathway of protein acquisition in cancer cells, particularly in tumors with activated Ras such as pancreatic and colon cancer. Macropinocytosis is also the route of entry of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and other microbial therapies of cancer. Despite this important role in tumor biology and therapy, the full mechanisms by which cancer cells can activate macropinocytosis remain incompletely defined. Using BCG uptake to assay macropinocytosis, we executed a genome-wide shRNA screen for macropinocytosis activators and identified Wnt pathway activation as a strong driver of macropinocytosis. Wnt-driven macropinocytosis was downstream of the β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt pathway, was PAK1 dependent, and supported albumin-dependent growth in Ras-WT cells. In cells with activated Ras-dependent macropinocytosis, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Wnt signaling suppressed macropinocytosis. In a mouse model of Wnt-driven colonic hyperplasia via APC silencing, Wnt-activated macropinocytosis stimulated uptake of luminal microbiota, a process reversed by topical pharmacologic inhibition of macropinocytosis. Our findings indicate that Wnt pathway activation drives macropinocytosis in cancer, and its inhibition could provide a therapeutic vulnerability in Wnt-driven intestinal polyposis and cancers with Wnt activation.Significance: The Wnt pathway drives macropinocytosis in cancer cells, thereby contributing to cancer growth in nutrient-deficient conditions and, in the context of colon cancer, to the early phases of oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4658-70. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Binyamin
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Isabella Gaeta
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul B Romesser
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Glickman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, López-Terrada D, Li P, Feusner JH. Hepatoblastoma in patients with molecularly proven familial adenomatous polyposis: Clinical characteristics and rationale for surveillance screening. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27103. [PMID: 29719120 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) due to APC mutation is associated with an increased risk of hepatoblastoma. All cases of hepatoblastoma in patients with FAP reported in the literature were reviewed. One hundred and nine patients were identified. Thirty-five patients (of 49 with data) were diagnosed with hepatoblastoma prior to a later diagnosis of FAP (often in association with advanced colorectal carcinoma), emphasizing a need to identify patients earlier with germline APC mutations for early colorectal carcinoma screening. Hepatoblastoma may present at birth, and screening for hepatoblastoma in infancy in families with FAP prior to APC mutation testing results may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores López-Terrada
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James H Feusner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kopnin B. Genetic Events Responsible for Colorectal Tumorigenesis: Achievements and Challenges. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 79:235-43. [PMID: 8249174 DOI: 10.1177/030089169307900401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis is a multistep process that is accompanied by accumulation of changes in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. APC/MCC, RAS, DCC, p53 mutations and/or allelic losses, hyperexpression of c-MYC and RB genes, as well as other genomic alterations appear at characteristic stages of tumor development and are observed in most neoplasms. However, consideration of each of these abnormalities leaves many unanswered questions. The striking data on recurrent amplification of the RB tumor-suppressor gene as well as suppressive activities of protein kinase C and activated RAS genes, at least in some colon carcinoma cell lines, suggest the unusual effects of some signalling pathways in colonic epithelial cells. The results obtained to date indicate that distinct sets of genetic changes may underlie the development of colorectal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kopnin
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Center, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fu X, Lin J, Qin F, Yang Z, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Han L, Zhu X, Zhang Q. LncAPC drives Wnt/β-catenin activation and liver TIC self-renewal through EZH2 mediated APC transcriptional inhibition. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:408-418. [PMID: 29144570 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver tumor initiating cells (TICs), a small subset cells in tumor bulk, are responsible for liver tumor initiation, metastasis, and relapse. However, the regulatory mechanism of liver TICs remains largely unknown. Here we found a long noncoding RNA lncAPC, locating near from APC locus, was highly expressed in liver cancer and liver TICs. LncAPC was required for liver TIC self-renewal. Silencing and overexpressing lncAPC showed impaired and enhanced sphere formation capacity of liver TICs, respectively. By recruiting EZH2 to APC promoter, LncAPC inhibits APC transcription and thus drives the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Attenuate binding between EZH2 and APC promoter was observed upon lncAPC knockdown. What is more, lncAPC-EZH2-APC axis can be targeted to eliminate liver TICs. Altogether, LncAPC promotes liver TIC self-renewal through EZH2-dependent APC transcriptional inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Department of Cancer Biology Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jizhen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Fujun Qin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Virginia
| | - Zihe Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuechao Ding
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Cancer Biology Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Qinxian Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Characteristics of MUTYH variants in Japanese colorectal polyposis patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2018; 23:497-503. [PMID: 29330641 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The base excision repair gene MUTYH is the causative gene of colorectal polyposis syndrome, which is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer. Since few studies have investigated the genotype-phenotype association in Japanese patients with MUTYH variants, the aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological findings in Japanese patients with MUTYH gene variants who were detected by screening causative genes associated with hereditary colorectal polyposis. METHODS After obtaining informed consent, genetic testing was performed using target enrichment sequencing of 26 genes, including MUTYH. RESULTS Of the 31 Japanese patients with suspected hereditary colorectal polyposis, eight MUTYH variants were detected in five patients. MUTYH hotspot variants known for Caucasians, namely p.G396D and p.Y179D, were not among the detected variants.Of five patients, two with biallelic MUTYH variants were diagnosed with MUTYH-associated polyposis, while two others had monoallelic MUTYH variants. One patient had the p.P18L and p.G25D variants on the same allele; however, supportive data for considering these two variants 'pathogenic' were lacking. CONCLUSIONS Two patients with biallelic MUTYH variants and two others with monoallelic MUTYH variants were identified among Japanese colorectal polyposis patients. Hotspot variants of the MUTYH gene for Caucasians were not hotspots for Japanese patients.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ayala-Calvillo E, Mojica-Vázquez LH, García-Carrancá A, González-Maya L. Wnt/β‑catenin pathway activation and silencing of the APC gene in HPV‑positive human cervical cancer‑derived cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:200-208. [PMID: 29115417 PMCID: PMC5780127 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although persistent infections with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) constitute the most significant cofactor for the development of cervical cancer, they are insufficient on their own. Mutations or epigenetic inactivation of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the two acting as prominent oncogenic mechanisms in a number of types of cancer, are frequently associated with aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. According to these observations, it was hypothesized that APC alteration may lead to β-catenin deregulation and the abnormal expression of direct targets of the Wnt pathway in HPV-infected cervical cancer cells. The present study confirmed that the stabilization of β-catenin correlates with enhanced transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/T-cell factor complex in cervical cancer cell lines. Sequence analysis of the ‘hot-spot’ in the mutation cluster region did not exhibit genetic alterations that may be associated with APC gene inactivation. In addition, it was identified that there was a good correlation with the hypermethylation status of the APC promoter 1A and the abnormal accumulation of endogenous β-catenin in cell lines and biopsies infected with HPV16, although not HPV18. Removal of the epigenetic markers led to an increase in APC levels and a reduction of β-catenin expression in two transcriptional targets of the Wnt pathway: Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor. The present study suggested that the increase in Wnt activity in certain cervical cancer-derived cells may be associated with an alteration in the methylation status of the APC gene promoter 1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Ayala-Calvillo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62209, México
| | - Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Genotoxicología Ambiental‑Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, CP 14080, México
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas‑Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, CP 14080, México
| | - Leticia González-Maya
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62209, México
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang D, Zhang M, Gold B. Origin of Somatic Mutations in β-Catenin versus Adenomatous Polyposis Coli in Colon Cancer: Random Mutagenesis in Animal Models versus Nonrandom Mutagenesis in Humans. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1369-1375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Barry Gold
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tekcham DS, Poojary SS, Bhunia S, Barbhuiya MA, Gupta S, Shrivastav BR, Tiwari PK. Epigenetic regulation of APC in the molecular pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:S82-S90. [PMID: 27748282 PMCID: PMC5080933 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.191792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Loss of function of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) has been reported in cancer. The two promoters of APC, 1A and 1B also have roles in cancer. But, the epigenetic role of APC promoters is not yet clear in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and gallstone diseases (GSD). We undertook this study to determine the epigenetic role of APC in GBC and GSD. Methods: Methylation-specific (MS)-PCR was used to analyze the methylation of APC gene. The expression of APC gene was studied by semi-quantitative PCR, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in GBC, GSD and adjacent normal tissues. Results: Of the two promoters, APC 1A promoter was found methylated in 96 per cent GBC (P=0.0155) and 80 per cent GSD (P=0.015). Exon 1 was downregulated in grade II (P=0.002) and grade III (P=0.0001) of GBC, while exon 2 was normally expressed. Scoring analysis of IHC revealed 0 or negativity in 34.48 per cent (P=0.057) and 1+ in 24.14 per cent (P=0.005) GBC cases suggesting loss of APC expression. Interpretation & conclusions: The present findings indicate epigenetic silencing of APC in advanced GBC. The methylation pattern, followed by expression analysis of APC may be suggested for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes in GBC in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh Tekcham
- Centre for Genomics; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satish S Poojary
- Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shushruta Bhunia
- Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Braj Raj Shrivastav
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute; Department of Surgery, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sandoval IT, Delacruz RGC, Miller BN, Hill S, Olson KA, Gabriel AE, Boyd K, Satterfield C, Van Remmen H, Rutter J, Jones DA. A metabolic switch controls intestinal differentiation downstream of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28397687 PMCID: PMC5388534 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating signaling pathways that regulate cellular metabolism is essential for a better understanding of normal development and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), a crucial player in pyruvate metabolism, is downregulated in colon adenocarcinomas. Utilizing zebrafish to examine the genetic relationship between MPC1 and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a key tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, we found that apc controls the levels of mpc1 and that knock down of mpc1 recapitulates phenotypes of impaired apc function including failed intestinal differentiation. Exogenous human MPC1 RNA rescued failed intestinal differentiation in zebrafish models of apc deficiency. Our data demonstrate a novel role for apc in pyruvate metabolism and that pyruvate metabolism dictates intestinal cell fate and differentiation decisions downstream of apc. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22706.001 Colon cancer remains an important problem in healthcare. Cancer researchers are looking for new ways to detect the disease earlier and treat it more effectively. This is challenging because many of the genetic and molecular causes of colon cancer are still poorly understood. Mutations in the gene that encodes a protein called APC are one of the major causes of the disease. The APC protein normally keeps cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way and is hence referred to as a tumor suppressor. For example, APC induces stem cells in the intestine to develop into specialized cells that keep the gut working normally. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes are common in many cancers. Other research has shown that cancer cells must reprogram their own metabolism – in other words, all the chemical processes that keep the cell alive – to meet the demands of proliferating rapidly. In particular, recent studies reveal that colon cancer cells produce less of a protein called mpc1, which is involved in metabolism. These discoveries raised the following questions: does APC have an additional role in maintaining normal metabolism in cells by controlling how much mpc1 is produced? Do mutations in the gene for APC lead to colon cancer because they alter the cell’s metabolism? Sandoval et al. have now discovered a connection between APC and changes in cancer cells that help them to adapt to a new metabolic program. Experiments with zebrafish – a model animal that is now commonly used in the field of cancer biology – showed that APC acts via mpc1 to regulate how the cell uses energy. This regulation goes awry in colon cells that have abnormal APC activity; however, restoring the cell’s metabolism back to normal was enough to induce cells in the intestine to develop properly. Together, these findings suggest that restoring the normal balance of energy production in colon cancer cells may be an effective way to make the cells behave normally. This hypothesis remains to be tested and, if confirmed, further studies will be needed to determine whether it will lead to new treatments for colon cancer in humans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22706.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imelda T Sandoval
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Richard Glenn C Delacruz
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Braden N Miller
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Shauna Hill
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States.,Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States
| | - Kristofor A Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Ana E Gabriel
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Kevin Boyd
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Christeena Satterfield
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - David A Jones
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Horiguchi H, Endo M, Kawane K, Kadomatsu T, Terada K, Morinaga J, Araki K, Miyata K, Oike Y. ANGPTL2 expression in the intestinal stem cell niche controls epithelial regeneration and homeostasis. EMBO J 2017; 36:409-424. [PMID: 28043948 PMCID: PMC5694950 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium continually self-renews and can rapidly regenerate after damage. Dysregulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis leads to severe inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, aberrant signaling by the secreted protein angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) causes chronic inflammation in a variety of diseases. However, little is known about the physiologic role of ANGPTL2 in normal tissue homeostasis and during wound repair following injury. Here, we assessed ANGPTL2 function in intestinal physiology and disease in vivo Although intestinal development proceeded normally in Angptl2-deficient mice, expression levels of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker gene Lgr5 decreased, which was associated with decreased transcriptional activity of β-catenin in Angptl2-deficient mice. Epithelial regeneration after injury was significantly impaired in Angptl2-deficient relative to wild-type mice. ANGPTL2 was expressed and functioned within the mesenchymal compartment cells known as intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs). ANGPTL2 derived from ISEMFs maintained the intestinal stem cell niche by modulating levels of competing signaling between bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and β-catenin. These results support the importance of ANGPTL2 in the stem cell niche in regulating stemness and epithelial wound healing in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohki Kawane
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Terada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The tumour suppressor APC promotes HIV-1 assembly via interaction with Gag precursor protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14259. [PMID: 28134256 PMCID: PMC5290283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse cellular proteins and RNAs are tightly regulated in their subcellular localization to exert their local function. Here we report that the tumour suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) directs the localization and assembly of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag polyprotein at distinct membrane components to enable the efficient production and spread of infectious viral particles. A proteomic analysis and subsequent biomolecular interaction assay reveals that the carboxyl terminus of APC interacts with the matrix region of Gag. Ectopic expression of APC, but not its familial adenomatous polyposis-related truncation mutant, prominently enhances HIV-1 production. Conversely, the depletion of APC leads to a significant decrease in membrane targeting of viral components, resulting in the severe loss of production of infectious virions. Furthermore, APC promotes the directional assembly of viral components at virological synapses, thereby facilitating cell-to-cell viral transmission. These findings reveal an unexpected role of APC in the directional spread of HIV-1. The tumour suppressor APC is a multifunctional protein implicated in intracellular localization of mRNAs and WNT signalling. Here, Miyakawa et al. show that, via interaction with the HIV Gag precursor protein, APC promotes membrane targeting of viral components and cell-to-cell spread of HIV.
Collapse
|
46
|
Reassessment of Genomic Sequence Variation to Harmonize Interpretation for Personalized Medicine. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1140-1149. [PMID: 27843123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate interpretation of DNA sequence variation is a prerequisite for implementing personalized medicine. Discrepancies in interpretation between testing laboratories impede the effective use of genetic test results in clinical medicine. To better understand the underpinnings of these discrepancies, we quantified differences in variant classification internally over time and those between our diagnostic laboratory and other laboratories and resources. We assessed the factors that contribute to these discrepancies and those that facilitate their resolution. Our process resolved 72% of nearly 300 discrepancies between pairs of laboratories to within a one-step classification difference and identified key sources of data that facilitate changes in variant interpretation. The identification and harmonization of variant discrepancies will maximize the clinical use of genetic information; these processes will be fostered by the accumulation of additional population data as well as the sharing of data between diagnostic laboratories.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome with considerable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, defined by the development of multiple adenomas throughout the colorectum. FAP is caused either by monoallelic mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene APC, or by biallelic germline mutations of MUTYH, this latter usually presenting with milder phenotype. The aim of the present study was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of Hungarian FAP patients. Mutation screening of 87 unrelated probands from FAP families (21 of them presented as the attenuated variant of the disease, showing <100 polyps) was performed using DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Twenty-four different pathogenic mutations in APC were identified in 65 patients (75 %), including nine cases (37.5 %) with large genomic alterations. Twelve of the point mutations were novel. In addition, APC-negative samples were also tested for MUTYH mutations and we were able to identify biallelic pathogenic mutations in 23 % of these cases (5/22). Correlations between the localization of APC mutations and the clinical manifestations of the disease were observed, cases with a mutation in the codon 1200-1400 region showing earlier age of disease onset (p < 0.003). There were only a few, but definitive dissimilarities between APC- and MUTYH-associated FAP in our cohort: the age at onset of polyposis was significantly delayed for biallelic MUTYH mutation carriers as compared to patients with an APC mutation. Our data represent the first comprehensive study delineating the mutation spectra of both APC and MUTYH in Hungarian FAP families, and underscore the overlap between the clinical characteristics of APC- and MUTYH-associated phenotypes, necessitating a more appropriate clinical characterization of FAP families.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and confers a 5-year survival of 20%. While most gastric cancers are sporadic, ~1%-3% can be attributed to inherited cancer predisposition syndromes. Germline E-cadherin/CDH1 mutations have been identified in families with an autosomal dominant inherited predisposition to diffuse gastric cancer. The cumulative risk of gastric cancer for CDH1 mutation carriers by age 80 years is reportedly 70% for men and 56% for women. Female mutation carriers also have an estimated 42% risk for developing lobular breast cancer by age 80 years. However, most individuals meeting clinical criteria for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC) do not have a germline CDH1 mutation, and germline CDH1 mutation carriers do not all exhibit similar clinical outcomes in terms of age of diagnosis or cancer types. E-cadherin (CDH1) as the one known causative gene for HDGC accounts for only 40% of cases, leaving 60% with an unknown genetic diagnosis. In addition to HDGC, we will review other genetic syndromes with elevated gastric cancer risk, as well as newly implicated alterations in other genes (CTNNA1, DOT1L, FBXO24, PRSS1, MAP3K6, MSR1, and INSR) that may affect gastric cancer susceptibility and age-specific penetrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Petrovchich
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - James M Ford
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tekcham DS, Tiwari PK. Epigenetic regulation in gallbladder cancer: Promoter methylation profiling as emergent novel biomarkers. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 12:332-348. [PMID: 27385126 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, once considered to rule the sex determination in Mary Lyon's hypothesis, has now reached the epicenter of human diseases, from monogenic (e.g. Prader Willi syndrome, Angelman syndromes and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome) to polygenic diseases, like cancer. Technological developments from gold standard to high throughput technologies have made tremendous advancement to define the epigenetic mechanism of cancer. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a fatal health issue affecting mostly the middle-aged women, whose survival rate is very low due to late symptomatic diagnosis. DNA methylation has become one of the key molecular mechanisms in the tumorigenesis of gallbladder. Various molecules have been reported to be epigenetically altered in GBC. In this review, we have discussed the classes of epigenetics, an overview of DNA methylation, technological approaches for its study, profile of methylated genes, their likely roles in GBC, future prospects of biomarker development and other discovery approaches, including therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh Tekcham
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen QW, Zhang XM, Zhou JN, Zhou X, Ma GJ, Zhu M, Zhang YY, Yu J, Feng JF, Chen SQ. Analysis of Small Fragment Deletions of the APC gene in Chinese Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, a Precancerous Condition. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4915-20. [PMID: 26163615 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease mainly caused by mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene with almost complete penetrance. These colorectal polyps are precancerous lesions that will inevitable develop into colorectal cancer at the median age of 40-year old if total proctocolectomy is not performed. So identification of APC germline mutations has great implications for genetic counseling and management of FAP patients. In this study, we screened APC germline mutations in Chinese FAP patients, in order to find novel mutations and the APC gene germline mutation characteristics of Chinese FAP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FAP patients were diagnosed by clinical manifestations, family histories, endoscope and biopsy. Then patients peripheral blood samples were collected, afterwards, genomic DNA was extracted. The mutation analysis of the APC gene was conducted by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing for micromutations and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large duplications and/or deletions. RESULTS We found 6 micromutations out of 14 FAP pedigrees, while there were no large duplications and/or deletions found. These germline mutations are c.5432C>T(p. Ser1811Leu), two c.3926_3930delAAAAG (p.Glu1309AspfsX4), c.3921_3924delAAAA (p.Ile1307MetfsX13), c3184_3187delCAAA(p.Gln1061AspfsX59) and c4127_4126delAT (p.Tyr1376LysfsX9), respectively, and all deletion mutations resulted in a premature stop codon. At the same time, we found c.3921_3924delAAAA and two c.3926_3930delAAAAG are located in AAAAG short tandem repeats, c3184_3187delCAAA is located in the CAAA interrupted direct repeats, and c4127_4128 del AT is located in the 5'-CCTGAACA-3' ,3'-ACAAGTCC-5 palindromes (inverted repeats) of the APC gene. Furthermore, deletion mutations are mostly located at condon 1309. CONCLUSIONS Though there were no novel mutations found as the pathogenic gene of FAP in this study, we found nucleotide sequence containing short tandem repeats and palindromes (inverted repeats), especially the 5 bp base deletion at codon 1309, are mutations in high incidence area in APC gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China E-mail : J Feng: ; S. Chen:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|