1
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Zhang Z, Lynch CJ, Huo Y, Chakraborty S, Cremer PS, Mozhdehi D. Modulating Phase Behavior in Fatty Acid-Modified Elastin-like Polypeptides (FAMEs): Insights into the Impact of Lipid Length on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5383-5392. [PMID: 38353994 PMCID: PMC10910508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Although post-translational lipidation is prevalent in eukaryotes, its impact on the liquid-liquid phase separation of disordered proteins is still poorly understood. Here, we examined the thermodynamic phase boundaries and kinetics of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) formation for a library of elastin-like polypeptides modified with saturated fatty acids of different chain lengths. By systematically altering the physicochemical properties of the attached lipids, we were able to correlate the molecular properties of lipids to changes in the thermodynamic phase boundaries and the kinetic stability of droplets formed by these proteins. We discovered that increasing the chain length lowers the phase separation temperature in a sigmoidal manner due to alterations in the unfavorable interactions between protein and water and changes in the entropy of phase separation. Our kinetic studies unveiled remarkable sensitivity to lipid length, which we propose is due to the temperature-dependent interactions between lipids and the protein. Strikingly, we found that the addition of just a single methylene group is sufficient to allow tuning of these interactions as a function of temperature, with proteins modified with C7-C9 lipids exhibiting non-Arrhenius dependence in their phase separation, a behavior that is absent for both shorter and longer fatty acids. This work advances our theoretical understanding of protein-lipid interactions and opens avenues for the rational design of lipidated proteins in biomedical paradigms, where precise control over the phase separation is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Christopher J. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ying Huo
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Somya Chakraborty
- Fayetteville-Manlius
High School, Manlius, New York 13104, United States
| | - Paul S. Cremer
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Davoud Mozhdehi
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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2
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Zhang R, Pan S, Zheng S, Liao Q, Jiang Z, Wang D, Li X, Hu A, Li X, Zhu Y, Shen X, Lei J, Zhong S, Zhang X, Huang L, Wang X, Huang L, Shen L, Song BL, Zhao JW, Wang Z, Yang B, Guo X. Lipid-anchored proteasomes control membrane protein homeostasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj4605. [PMID: 38019907 PMCID: PMC10686573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation in eukaryotic cells is mainly carried out by the 26S proteasome, a macromolecular complex not only present in the cytosol and nucleus but also associated with various membranes. How proteasomes are anchored to the membrane and the biological meaning thereof have been largely unknown in higher organisms. Here, we show that N-myristoylation of the Rpt2 subunit is a general mechanism for proteasome-membrane interaction. Loss of this modification in the Rpt2-G2A mutant cells leads to profound changes in the membrane-associated proteome, perturbs the endomembrane system, and undermines critical cellular processes such as cell adhesion, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and membrane protein trafficking. Rpt2G2A/G2A homozygous mutation is embryonic lethal in mice and is sufficient to abolish tumor growth in a nude mice xenograft model. These findings have defined an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining membrane protein homeostasis and underscored the significance of compartmentalized protein degradation by myristoyl-anchored proteasomes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuxian Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Suya Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingqing Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dixian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yezhang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqi Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siming Zhong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Masek M, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Control of protein and lipid composition of photoreceptor outer segments-Implications for retinal disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:165-225. [PMID: 38043951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Vision is arguably our most important sense, and its loss brings substantial limitations to daily life for affected individuals. Light is perceived in retinal photoreceptors (PRs), which are highly specialized neurons subdivided into several compartments with distinct functions. The outer segments (OSs) of photoreceptors represent highly specialized primary ciliary compartments hosting the phototransduction cascade, which transforms incoming light into a neuronal signal. Retinal disease can result from various pathomechanisms originating in distinct subcompartments of the PR cell, or in the retinal pigment epithelium which supports the PRs. Dysfunction of primary cilia causes human disorders known as "ciliopathies", in which retinal disease is a common feature. This chapter focuses on PR OSs, discussing the mechanisms controlling their complex structure and composition. A sequence of tightly regulated sorting and trafficking events, both upstream of and within this ciliary compartment, ensures the establishment and maintenance of the adequate proteome and lipidome required for signaling in response to light. We discuss in particular our current understanding of the role of ciliopathy proteins involved in multi-protein complexes at the ciliary transition zone (CC2D2A) or BBSome (BBS1) and how their dysfunction causes retinal disease. While the loss of CC2D2A prevents the fusion of vesicles and delivery of the photopigment rhodopsin to the ciliary base, leading to early OS ultrastructural defects, BBS1 deficiency results in precocious accumulation of cholesterol in mutant OSs and decreased visual function preceding morphological changes. These distinct pathomechanisms underscore the central role of ciliary proteins involved in multiple processes controlling OS protein and lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Masek
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program AdaBD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Uzhachenko R, Shimamoto A, Chirwa SS, Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Shanker A. Mitochondrial Fus1/Tusc2 and cellular Ca2 + homeostasis: tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1307-1320. [PMID: 35181743 PMCID: PMC9576590 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 (FUSion1/TUmor Suppressor Candidate 2) is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) originally described as a member of the TSG cluster from human 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in lung cancer. Its role as a TSG in lung, breast, bone, and other cancers was demonstrated by several groups, but molecular mechanisms of its activities are starting to unveil lately. They suggest that Fus1-dependent mechanisms are relevant in etiologies of diseases beyond cancer, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, premature aging, and geriatric diseases. Here, we revisit the discovery of FUS1 gene in the context of tumor initiation and progression, and review 20 years of research into FUS1 functions and its molecular, structural, and biological aspects that have led to its use in clinical trials and gene therapy. We present a data-driven view on how interactions of Fus1 with the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) transport machinery maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and control cell apoptosis and senescence. This Fus1-mediated cellular homeostasis is at the crux of tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanika S Chirwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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5
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Konrad SM, Schwamborn K, Krüger A, Honert K, Schmitt M, Hellmann D, Schmalfeldt B, Meindl A, Kiechle M, Quante AS, Brambs C, Grill S, Ramser J. NCALD as a potential predictive biomarker for the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1029-1041. [PMID: 36444691 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Since reliable response predictors to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC) are scarce, we characterize NCALD as a predictive biomarker. Materials & methods: NCALD mRNA (n = 100) and protein (n = 102) expression was analyzed in OC samples and associated with patient outcome. A stable OC cell line knockdown was generated and cellular response to platinum was explored. Results: High NCALD mRNA and protein expression was significantly associated with longer overall patient survival (p = 0.037/0.002). Knockdown experiments revealed a significant association between cisplatin sensitivity and NCALD expression. Conclusion: Low NCALD expression was associated with reduced sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. NCALD may be a new biomarker candidate to identify patients who might benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Konrad
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site München, & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institute of Experimental Oncology & Therapy Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Katja Honert
- Institute of Experimental Oncology & Therapy Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Daniela Hellmann
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Gynecology & Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Anne S Quante
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Christine Brambs
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, 6000, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Grill
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Juliane Ramser
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
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6
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Functional compartmentalization of photoreceptor neurons. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1493-1516. [PMID: 33880652 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal photoreceptors are neurons that convert dynamically changing patterns of light into electrical signals that are processed by retinal interneurons and ultimately transmitted to vision centers in the brain. They represent the essential first step in seeing without which the remainder of the visual system is rendered moot. To support this role, the major functions of photoreceptors are segregated into three main specialized compartments-the outer segment, the inner segment, and the pre-synaptic terminal. This compartmentalization is crucial for photoreceptor function-disruption leads to devastating blinding diseases for which therapies remain elusive. In this review, we examine the current understanding of the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying photoreceptor functional compartmentalization and highlight areas where significant knowledge gaps remain.
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7
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Barnes CL, Malhotra H, Calvert PD. Compartmentalization of Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636737. [PMID: 33614665 PMCID: PMC7889997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional compartmentalization of cells is a universal strategy for segregating processes that require specific components, undergo regulation by modulating concentrations of those components, or that would be detrimental to other processes. Primary cilia are hair-like organelles that project from the apical plasma membranes of epithelial cells where they serve as exclusive compartments for sensing physical and chemical signals in the environment. As such, molecules involved in signal transduction are enriched within cilia and regulating their ciliary concentrations allows adaptation to the environmental stimuli. The highly efficient organization of primary cilia has been co-opted by major sensory neurons, olfactory cells and the photoreceptor neurons that underlie vision. The mechanisms underlying compartmentalization of cilia are an area of intense current research. Recent findings have revealed similarities and differences in molecular mechanisms of ciliary protein enrichment and its regulation among primary cilia and sensory cilia. Here we discuss the physiological demands on photoreceptors that have driven their evolution into neurons that rely on a highly specialized cilium for signaling changes in light intensity. We explore what is known and what is not known about how that specialization appears to have driven unique mechanisms for photoreceptor protein and membrane compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter D. Calvert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Center for Vision Research, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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8
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Regulation of retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC) by negative calcium feedback and RD3 protein. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1393-1410. [PMID: 33537894 PMCID: PMC8329130 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a brief overview of the main biochemical and cellular processes involved in regulation of cyclic GMP production in photoreceptors. The main focus is on how the fluctuations of free calcium concentrations in photoreceptors between light and dark regulate the activity of retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC) via calcium sensor proteins. The emphasis of the review is on the structure of RetGC and guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs) in relation to their functional role in photoreceptors and congenital diseases of photoreceptors. In addition to that, the structure and function of retinal degeneration-3 protein (RD3), which regulates RetGC in a calcium-independent manner, is discussed in detail in connections with its role in photoreceptor biology and inherited retinal blindness.
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9
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Marino V, Riva M, Zamboni D, Koch KW, Dell'Orco D. Bringing the Ca 2+ sensitivity of myristoylated recoverin into the physiological range. Open Biol 2021; 11:200346. [PMID: 33401992 PMCID: PMC7881174 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypical Ca2+-sensor protein recoverin (Rec) is thought to regulate the activity of rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) in photoreceptors by switching from a relaxed (R) disc membrane-bound conformation in the dark to a more compact, cytosol-diffusing tense (T) conformation upon cell illumination. However, the apparent affinity for Ca2+ of its physiologically relevant form (myristoylated recoverin) is almost two orders of magnitude too low to support this mechanism in vivo. In this work, we compared the individual and synergistic roles of the myristic moiety, the GRK1 target and the disc membrane in modulating the calcium sensitivity of Rec. We show that the sole presence of the target or the disc membrane alone are not sufficient to achieve a physiological response to changes in intracellular [Ca2+]. Instead, the simultaneous presence of GRK1 and membrane allows the T to R transition to occur in a physiological range of [Ca2+] with high cooperativity via a conformational selection mechanism that drives the structural transitions of Rec in the presence of multiple ligands. Our conclusions may apply to other sensory transduction systems involving protein complexes and biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Davide Zamboni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Wilhelm Koch
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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10
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Zhang J, Krishnan A, Wu H, Venkataraman V. Calcium-Dependent Translocation of S100B Is Facilitated by Neurocalcin Delta. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010227. [PMID: 33466232 PMCID: PMC7794955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein that governs calcium-mediated responses in a variety of cells—especially neuronal and glial cells. It is also extensively investigated as a potential biomarker for several disease conditions, especially neurodegenerative ones. In order to establish S100B as a viable pharmaceutical target, it is critical to understand its mechanistic role in signaling pathways and its interacting partners. In this report, we provide evidence to support a calcium-regulated interaction between S100B and the neuronal calcium sensor protein, neurocalcin delta both in vitro and in living cells. Membrane overlay assays were used to test the interaction between purified proteins in vitro and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, for interactions in living cells. Added calcium is essential for interaction in vitro; however, in living cells, calcium elevation causes translocation of the NCALD-S100B complex to the membrane-rich, perinuclear trans-Golgi network in COS7 cells, suggesting that the response is independent of specialized structures/molecules found in neuronal/glial cells. Similar results are also observed with hippocalcin, a closely related paralog; however, the interaction appears less robust in vitro. The N-terminal region of NCALD and HPCA appear to be critical for interaction with S100B based on in vitro experiments. The possible physiological significance of this interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NeuroMusculoskeletal Institute, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-856-566-6418
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11
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Borsatto A, Marino V, Abrusci G, Lattanzi G, Dell'Orco D. Effects of Membrane and Biological Target on the Structural and Allosteric Properties of Recoverin: A Computational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205009. [PMID: 31658639 PMCID: PMC6829511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recoverin (Rec) is a prototypical calcium sensor protein primarily expressed in the vertebrate retina. The binding of two Ca2+ ions to the functional EF-hand motifs induces the extrusion of a myristoyl group that increases the affinity of Rec for the membrane and leads to the formation of a complex with rhodopsin kinase (GRK1). Here, unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to monitor the spontaneous insertion of the myristoyl group into a model multicomponent biological membrane for both isolated Rec and for its complex with a peptide from the GRK1 target. It was found that the functional membrane anchoring of the myristoyl group is triggered by persistent electrostatic protein-membrane interactions. In particular, salt bridges between Arg43, Arg46 and polar heads of phosphatidylserine lipids are necessary to enhance the myristoyl hydrophobic packing in the Rec-GRK1 assembly. The long-distance communication between Ca2+-binding EF-hands and residues at the interface with GRK1 is significantly influenced by the presence of the membrane, which leads to dramatic changes in the connectivity of amino acids mediating the highest number of persistent interactions (hubs). In conclusion, specific membrane composition and allosteric interactions are both necessary for the correct assembly and dynamics of functional Rec-GRK1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Borsatto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Valerio Marino
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56026 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Abrusci
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (INFN-TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Lattanzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (INFN-TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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12
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Abstract
Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) belong to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of Ca2+-binding EF-hand proteins. KChIPs constitute a group of specific auxiliary β-subunits for Kv4 channels, the molecular substrate of transient potassium currents in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Moreover, KChIPs can interact with presenilins to control ER calcium signaling and apoptosis, and with DNA to control gene transcription. Ca2+ binding via their EF-hands, with the consequence of conformational changes, is well documented for KChIPs. Moreover, the Ca2+ dependence of the presenilin/KChIP complex may be related to Alzheimer’s disease and the Ca2+ dependence of the DNA/KChIP complex to pain sensing. However, only in few cases could the Ca2+ binding to KChIPs be directly linked to the control of excitability in nerve and muscle cells known to express Kv4/KChIP channel complexes. This review summarizes current knowledge about the Ca2+ binding properties of KChIPs and the Ca2+ dependencies of macromolecular complexes containing KChIPs, including those with presenilins, DNA and especially Kv4 channels. The respective physiological or pathophysiolgical roles of Ca2+ binding to KChIPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bähring
- a Institut für Zelluläre und Integrative Physiologie, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin , Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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13
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Permyakov SE, Vologzhannikova AS, Nemashkalova EL, Kazakov AS, Denesyuk AI, Denessiouk K, Baksheeva VE, Zamyatnin AA, Zernii EY, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA. Experimental Insight into the Structural and Functional Roles of the 'Black' and 'Gray' Clusters in Recoverin, a Calcium Binding Protein with Four EF-Hand Motifs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2494. [PMID: 31288444 PMCID: PMC6650976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have found that calcium binding proteins of the EF-hand superfamily (i.e., a large family of proteins containing helix-loop-helix calcium binding motif or EF-hand) contain two types of conserved clusters called cluster I ('black' cluster) and cluster II ('grey' cluster), which provide a supporting scaffold for the Ca2+ binding loops and contribute to the hydrophobic core of the EF-hand domains. Cluster I is more conservative and mostly incorporates aromatic amino acids, whereas cluster II includes a mix of aromatic, hydrophobic, and polar amino acids of different sizes. Recoverin is EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein containing two 'black' clusters comprised of F35, F83, Y86 (N-terminal domain) and F106, E169, F172 (C-terminal domain) as well as two 'gray' clusters comprised of F70, Q46, F49 (N-terminal domain) and W156, K119, V122 (C-terminal domain). To understand a role of these residues in structure and function of human recoverin, we sequentially substituted them for alanine and studied the resulting mutants by a set of biophysical methods. Under metal-free conditions, the 'black' clusters mutants (except for F35A and E169A) were characterized by an increase in the α-helical content, whereas the 'gray' cluster mutants (except for K119A) exhibited the opposite behavior. By contrast, in Ca2+-loaded mutants the α-helical content was always elevated. In the absence of calcium, the substitutions only slightly affected multimerization of recoverin regardless of their localization (except for K119A). Meanwhile, in the presence of calcium mutations in N-terminal domain of the protein significantly suppressed this process, indicating that surface properties of Ca2+-bound recoverin are highly affected by N-terminal cluster residues. The substitutions in C-terminal clusters generally reduced thermal stability of recoverin with F172A ('black' cluster) as well as W156A and K119A ('gray' cluster) being the most efficacious in this respect. In contrast, the mutations in the N-terminal clusters caused less pronounced differently directed changes in thermal stability of the protein. The substitutions of F172, W156, and K119 in C-terminal domain of recoverin together with substitution of Q46 in its N-terminal domain provoked significant but diverse changes in free energy associated with Ca2+ binding to the protein: the mutant K119A demonstrated significantly improved calcium binding, whereas F172A and W156A showed decrease in the calcium affinity and Q46A exhibited no ion coordination in one of the Ca2+-binding sites. The most of the N-terminal clusters mutations suppressed membrane binding of recoverin and its inhibitory activity towards rhodopsin kinase (GRK1). Surprisingly, the mutant W156A aberrantly activated rhodopsin phosphorylation regardless of the presence of calcium. Taken together, these data confirm the scaffolding function of several cluster-forming residues and point to their critical role in supporting physiological activity of recoverin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alisa S Vologzhannikova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L Nemashkalova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexei S Kazakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander I Denesyuk
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Konstantin Denessiouk
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Eugene A Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
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14
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Roy K, Marin EP. Lipid Modifications in Cilia Biology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070921. [PMID: 31252577 PMCID: PMC6678300 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are specialized cellular structures with distinctive roles in various signaling cascades. Ciliary proteins need to be trafficked to the cilium to function properly; however, it is not completely understood how these proteins are delivered to their final localization. In this review, we will focus on how different lipid modifications are important in ciliary protein trafficking and, consequently, regulation of signaling pathways. Lipid modifications can play a variety of roles, including tethering proteins to the membrane, aiding trafficking through facilitating interactions with transporter proteins, and regulating protein stability and abundance. Future studies focusing on the role of lipid modifications of ciliary proteins will help our understanding of how cilia maintain specific protein pools strictly connected to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208029, New Haven, CT 06520-8029, USA.
| | - Ethan P Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208029, New Haven, CT 06520-8029, USA
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15
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Zang J, Neuhauss SCF. The Binding Properties and Physiological Functions of Recoverin. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:473. [PMID: 30618620 PMCID: PMC6306944 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recoverin (Rcv) is a low molecular-weight, neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) primarily located in photoreceptor outer segments of the vertebrate retina. Calcium ions (Ca2+)-bound Rcv has been proposed to inhibit G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRKs) in darkness. During the light response, the Ca2+-free Rcv releases GRK, which in turn phosphorylates visual pigment, ultimately leading to the cessation of the visual transduction cascade. Technological advances over the last decade have contributed significantly to a deeper understanding of Rcv function. These include both biophysical and biochemical approaches that will be discussed in this review article. Furthermore, electrophysiological experiments uncovered additional functions of Rcv, such as regulation of the lifetime of Phosphodiesterase-Transducin complex. Recently, attention has been drawn to different roles in rod and cone photoreceptors.This review article focuses on Rcv binding properties to Ca2+, disc membrane and GRK, and its physiological functions in phototransduction and signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zang
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Tsvetkov PO, Roman AY, Baksheeva VE, Nazipova AA, Shevelyova MP, Vladimirov VI, Buyanova MF, Zinchenko DV, Zamyatnin AA, Devred F, Golovin AV, Permyakov SE, Zernii EY. Functional Status of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Is Modulated by Zinc Binding. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:459. [PMID: 30618610 PMCID: PMC6302015 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) protein is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and retinal neurons, where it regulates many vital processes such as synaptic transmission. It coordinates three calcium ions by EF-hands 2-4, thereby transducing Ca2+ signals to a wide range of protein targets, including G protein-coupled receptors and their kinases. Here, we demonstrate that NCS-1 also has Zn2+-binding sites, which affect its structural and functional properties upon filling. Fluorescence and circular dichroism experiments reveal the impact of Zn2+ binding on NCS-1 secondary and tertiary structure. According to atomic absorption spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry studies, apo-NCS-1 has two high-affinity (4 × 106 M-1) and one low-affinity (2 × 105 M-1) Zn2+-binding sites, whereas Mg2+-loaded and Ca2+-loaded forms (which dominate under physiological conditions) bind two zinc ions with submicromolar affinity. Metal competition analysis and circular dichroism studies suggest that Zn2+-binding sites of apo- and Mg2+-loaded NCS-1 overlap with functional EF-hands of the protein. Consistently, high Zn2+ concentrations displace Mg2+ from the EF-hands and decrease the stoichiometry of Ca2+ binding. Meanwhile, one of the EF-hands of Zn2+-saturated NCS-1 exhibits a 14-fold higher calcium affinity, which increases the overall calcium sensitivity of the protein. Based on QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations, Zn2+ binding to Ca2+-loaded NCS-1 could occur at EF-hands 2 and 4. The high-affinity zinc binding increases the thermal stability of Ca2+-free NCS-1 and favours the interaction of its Ca2+-loaded form with target proteins, such as dopamine receptor D2R and GRK1. In contrast, low-affinity zinc binding promotes NCS-1 aggregation accompanied by the formation of twisted rope-like structures. Altogether, our findings suggest a complex interplay between magnesium, calcium and zinc binding to NCS-1, leading to the appearance of multiple conformations of the protein, in turn modulating its functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Tsvetkov
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - Andrei Yu Roman
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds (RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliya A Nazipova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Marina P Shevelyova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I Vladimirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Michelle F Buyanova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zinchenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - François Devred
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Computer Science, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Ames JB. Dimerization of Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:397. [PMID: 30450035 PMCID: PMC6224351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins are EF-hand containing Ca2+ binding proteins that regulate sensory signal transduction. Many NCS proteins (recoverin, GCAPs, neurocalcin and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP1)) form functional dimers under physiological conditions. The dimeric NCS proteins have similar amino acid sequences (50% homology) but each bind to and regulate very different physiological targets. Retinal recoverin binds to rhodopsin kinase and promotes Ca2+-dependent desensitization of light-excited rhodopsin during visual phototransduction. The guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAP1–5) each bind and activate retinal guanylyl cyclases (RetGCs) in light-adapted photoreceptors. VILIP1 binds to membrane targets that modulate neuronal secretion. Here, I review atomic-level structures of dimeric forms of recoverin, GCAPs and VILIP1. The distinct dimeric structures in each case suggest that NCS dimerization may play a role in modulating specific target recognition. The dimerization of recoverin and VILIP1 is Ca2+-dependent and enhances their membrane-targeting Ca2+-myristoyl switch function. The dimerization of GCAP1 and GCAP2 facilitate their binding to dimeric RetGCs and may allosterically control the Ca2+-dependent activation of RetGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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18
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Elbers D, Scholten A, Koch KW. Zebrafish Recoverin Isoforms Display Differences in Calcium Switch Mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:355. [PMID: 30323742 PMCID: PMC6172410 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary steps in vertebrate vision occur in rod and cone cells of the retina and require precise molecular switches in excitation, recovery, and adaptation. In particular, recovery of the photoresponse and light adaptation processes are under control of neuronal Ca2+ sensor (NCS) proteins. Among them, the Ca2+ sensor recoverin undergoes a pronounced Ca2+-dependent conformational change, a prototypical so-called Ca2+-myristoyl switch, which allows selective targeting of G protein-coupled receptor kinase. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has gained attention as a model organism in vision research. It expresses four different recoverin isoforms (zRec1a, zRec1b, zRec2a, and zRec2b) that are orthologs to the one known mammalian variant. The expression pattern of the four isoforms cover both rod and cone cells, but the differential distribution in cones points to versatile functions of recoverin in these cell types. Initial functional studies on zebrafish larvae indicate different Ca2+-sensitive working modes for zebrafish recoverins, but experimental evidence is lacking so far. The aims of the present study are (1) to measure specific Ca2+-sensing properties of the different recoverin isoforms, (2) to ask whether switch mechanisms triggered by Ca2+ resemble that one observed with mammalian recoverin, and (3) to investigate a possible impact of an attached myristoyl moiety. For addressing these questions, we employ fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), dynamic light scattering, and equilibrium centrifugation. Exposure of hydrophobic amino acids, due to the myristoyl switch, differed among isoforms and depended also on the myristoylation state of the particular recoverin. Ca2+-induced rearrangement of the protein-water shell was for all variants less pronounced than for the bovine ortholog indicating either a modified Ca2+-myristoyl switch or no switch. Our results have implications for a step-by-step response of recoverin isoforms to changing intracellular Ca2+ during illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Elbers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Scholten
- Department of Neuroscience, Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Wilhelm Koch
- Department of Neuroscience, Biochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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19
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Lamb TD, Hunt DM. Evolution of the calcium feedback steps of vertebrate phototransduction. Open Biol 2018; 8:180119. [PMID: 30257895 PMCID: PMC6170504 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the genes encoding the proteins that mediate the Ca-feedback regulatory system in vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction. These proteins comprise four families: recoverin/visinin, the guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs), the guanylyl cyclases (GCs) and the sodium/calcium-potassium exchangers (NCKXs). We identified a paralogon containing at least 36 phototransduction genes from at least fourteen families, including all four of the families involved in the Ca-feedback loop (recoverin/visinin, GCAPs, GCs and NCKXs). By combining analyses of gene synteny with analyses of the molecular phylogeny for each of these four families of genes for Ca-feedback regulation, we have established the likely pattern of gene duplications and losses underlying the expansion of isoforms, both before and during the two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R WGD) that occurred in early vertebrate evolution. Furthermore, by combining our results with earlier evidence on the timing of duplication of the visual G-protein receptor kinase genes, we propose that specialization of proto-vertebrate photoreceptor cells for operation at high and low light intensities preceded the emergence of rhodopsin, which occurred during 2R WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Lamb
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - David M Hunt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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20
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Novel approaches to probe the binding of recoverin to membranes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:679-691. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Vladimirov VI, Zernii EY, Baksheeva VE, Wimberg H, Kazakov AS, Tikhomirova NK, Nemashkalova EL, Mitkevich VA, Zamyatnin AA, Lipkin VM, Philippov PP, Permyakov SE, Senin II, Koch KW, Zinchenko DV. Photoreceptor calcium sensor proteins in detergent-resistant membrane rafts are regulated via binding to caveolin-1. Cell Calcium 2018; 73:55-69. [PMID: 29684785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rod cell membranes contain cholesterol-rich detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) rafts, which accumulate visual cascade proteins as well as proteins involved in regulation of phototransduction such as rhodopsin kinase and guanylate cyclases. Caveolin-1 is the major integral component of DRMs, possessing scaffolding and regulatory activities towards various signaling proteins. In this study, photoreceptor Ca2+-binding proteins recoverin, NCS1, GCAP1, and GCAP2, belonging to neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family, were recognized as novel caveolin-1 interacting partners. All four NCS proteins co-fractionate with caveolin-1 in DRMs, isolated from illuminated bovine rod outer segments. According to pull-down assay, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry data, they are capable of high-affinity binding to either N-terminal fragment of caveolin-1 (1-101), or its short scaffolding domain (81-101) via a novel structural site. In recoverin this site is localized in C-terminal domain in proximity to the third EF-hand motif and composed of aromatic amino acids conserved among NCS proteins. Remarkably, the binding of NCS proteins to caveolin-1 occurs only in the absence of calcium, which is in agreement with higher accessibility of the caveolin-1 binding site in their Ca2+-free forms. Consistently, the presence of caveolin-1 produces no effect on regulatory activity of Ca2+-saturated recoverin or NCS1 towards rhodopsin kinase, but upregulates GCAP2, which potentiates guanylate cyclase activity being in Ca2+-free conformation. In addition, the interaction with caveolin-1 decreases cooperativity and augments affinity of Ca2 + binding to recoverin apparently by facilitating exposure of its myristoyl group. We suggest that at low calcium NCS proteins are compartmentalized in photoreceptor rafts via binding to caveolin-1, which may enhance their activity or ensure their faster responses on Ca2+-signals thereby maintaining efficient phototransduction recovery and light adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy I Vladimirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Hanna Wimberg
- Department of Neurosciences, Biochemistry Group, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111 Germany
| | - Alexey S Kazakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Natalya K Tikhomirova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Ekaterina L Nemashkalova
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valery M Lipkin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Pavel P Philippov
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Sergei E Permyakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Ivan I Senin
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Karl-W Koch
- Department of Neurosciences, Biochemistry Group, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26111 Germany
| | - Dmitry V Zinchenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
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Helassa N, Antonyuk SV, Lian LY, Haynes LP, Burgoyne RD. Biophysical and functional characterization of hippocalcin mutants responsible for human dystonia. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2426-2435. [PMID: 28398555 PMCID: PMC5886089 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder that forces the body into twisting, repetitive movements or sometimes painful abnormal postures. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the homozygous mutations T71N and A190T in the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) hippocalcin were identified as the genetic cause of primary isolated dystonia (DYT2 dystonia). However, the effect of these mutations on the physiological role of hippocalcin has not yet been elucidated. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrated that hippocalcin oligomerises in a calcium-dependent manner and binds to voltage-gated calcium channels. Mutations T71N and A190T in hippocalcin did not affect stability, calcium-binding affinity or translocation to cellular membranes (Ca2+/myristoyl switch). We obtained the first crystal structure of hippocalcin and alignment with other NCS proteins showed significant variability in the orientation of the C-terminal part of the molecule, the region expected to be important for target binding. We demonstrated that the disease-causing mutations did not affect the structure of the protein, however both mutants showed a defect in oligomerisation. In addition, we observed an increased calcium influx in KCl-depolarised cells expressing mutated hippocalcin, mostly driven by N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Our data demonstrate that the dystonia-causing mutations strongly affect hippocalcin cellular functions which suggest a central role for perturbed calcium signalling in DYT2 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordine Helassa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69?3BX, UK
| | - Svetlana V Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69?7ZB, UK and
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69?7ZB, UK
| | - Lee P Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69?3BX, UK
| | - Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69?3BX, UK
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23
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Wallisch M, Sulmann S, Koch KW, Christoffers J. Bifunctional Diaminoterephthalate Fluorescent Dye as Probe for Cross-Linking Proteins. Chemistry 2017; 23:6535-6543. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallisch
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Stefan Sulmann
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Neuroscience; Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Karl-Wilhelm Koch
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Neuroscience; Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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24
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Li C, Lim S, Braunewell KH, Ames JB. Structure and Calcium Binding Properties of a Neuronal Calcium-Myristoyl Switch Protein, Visinin-Like Protein 3. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165921. [PMID: 27820860 PMCID: PMC5098827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visinin-like protein 3 (VILIP-3) belongs to a family of Ca2+-myristoyl switch proteins that regulate signal transduction in the brain and retina. Here we analyze Ca2+ binding, characterize Ca2+-induced conformational changes, and determine the NMR structure of myristoylated VILIP-3. Three Ca2+ bind cooperatively to VILIP-3 at EF2, EF3 and EF4 (KD = 0.52 μM and Hill slope of 1.8). NMR assignments, mutagenesis and structural analysis indicate that the covalently attached myristoyl group is solvent exposed in Ca2+-bound VILIP-3, whereas Ca2+-free VILIP-3 contains a sequestered myristoyl group that interacts with protein residues (E26, Y64, V68), which are distinct from myristate contacts seen in other Ca2+-myristoyl switch proteins. The myristoyl group in VILIP-3 forms an unusual L-shaped structure that places the C14 methyl group inside a shallow protein groove, in contrast to the much deeper myristoyl binding pockets observed for recoverin, NCS-1 and GCAP1. Thus, the myristoylated VILIP-3 protein structure determined in this study is quite different from those of other known myristoyl switch proteins (recoverin, NCS-1, and GCAP1). We propose that myristoylation serves to fine tune the three-dimensional structures of neuronal calcium sensor proteins as a means of generating functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sunghyuk Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Karl H. Braunewell
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - James B. Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Calvez P, Schmidt TF, Cantin L, Klinker K, Salesse C. Phosphatidylserine Allows Observation of the Calcium–Myristoyl Switch of Recoverin and Its Preferential Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13533-13540. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Calvez
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de
recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement,
Département d’ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine,
and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1S 4L8 Canada
| | - Thaís F. Schmidt
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de
recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement,
Département d’ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine,
and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1S 4L8 Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de
recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement,
Département d’ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine,
and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1S 4L8 Canada
| | - Kristina Klinker
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de
recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement,
Département d’ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine,
and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1S 4L8 Canada
| | - Christian Salesse
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de
recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement,
Département d’ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine,
and Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1S 4L8 Canada
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26
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Yang ST, Lim SI, Kiessling V, Kwon I, Tamm LK. Site-specific fluorescent labeling to visualize membrane translocation of a myristoyl switch protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32866. [PMID: 27605302 PMCID: PMC5015116 DOI: 10.1038/srep32866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence approaches have been widely used for elucidating the dynamics of protein-membrane interactions in cells and model systems. However, non-specific multi-site fluorescent labeling often results in a loss of native structure and function, and single cysteine labeling is not feasible when native cysteines are required to support a protein's folding or catalytic activity. Here, we develop a method using genetic incorporation of non-natural amino acids and bio-orthogonal chemistry to site-specifically label with a single fluorescent small molecule or protein the myristoyl-switch protein recoverin, which is involved in rhodopsin-mediated signaling in mammalian visual sensory neurons. We demonstrate reversible Ca(2+)-responsive translocation of labeled recoverin to membranes and show that recoverin favors membranes with negative curvature and high lipid fluidity in complex heterogeneous membranes, which confers spatio-temporal control over down-stream signaling events. The site-specific orthogonal labeling technique is promising for structural, dynamical, and functional studies of many lipid-anchored membrane protein switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tae Yang
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Lukas K. Tamm
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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27
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Kolobynina KG, Solovyova VV, Levay K, Rizvanov AA, Slepak VZ. Emerging roles of the single EF-hand Ca2+ sensor tescalcin in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3533-3540. [PMID: 27609838 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.191486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tescalcin (TESC, also known as calcineurin-homologous protein 3, CHP3) is a 24-kDa EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein that has recently emerged as a regulator of cell differentiation and growth. The TESC gene has also been linked to human brain abnormalities, and high expression of tescalcin has been found in several cancers. The expression level of tescalcin changes dramatically during development and upon signal-induced cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that tescalcin is not only subjected to up- or down-regulation, but also has an active role in pathways that drive cell growth and differentiation programs. At the molecular level, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that tescalcin can directly interact with and regulate the activities of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, subunit 4 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN4) and protein kinase glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In hematopoetic precursor cells, tescalcin has been shown to couple activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade to the expression of transcription factors that control cell differentiation. The purpose of this Commentary is to summarize recent efforts that have served to characterize the biochemical, genetic and physiological attributes of tescalcin, and its unique role in the regulation of various cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia G Kolobynina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria V Solovyova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Levay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlen Z Slepak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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28
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Groblewska M, Muszyński P, Wojtulewska-Supron A, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B. The Role of Visinin-Like Protein-1 in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:17-32. [PMID: 26402751 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions are crucial in the process of information transmission and integration in the central nervous system (CNS). These ions participate not only in intracellular mechanisms but also in intercellular processes. The changes in the concentration of Ca2 + ions modulate synaptic transmission, whereas neuronal activity induces calcium ion waves. Disturbed calcium homeostasis is thought to be one of the main features in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and AD pathogenesis is closely connected to Ca2 + signaling pathways. The effects of changes in neuronal Ca2 + are mediated by neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins. It has been revealed that NCS proteins, with special attention to visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), might have a connection to the etiology of AD. In the CNS, VILIP-1 influences the intracellular neuronal signaling pathways involved in synaptic plasticity, such as cyclic nucleotide cascades and nicotinergic signaling. This particular protein is implicated in calcium-mediated neuronal injury as well. VILIP-1 also participates in the pathological mechanisms of altered Ca2 + homeostasis, leading to neuronal loss. These findings confirm the utility of VILIP-1 as a useful biomarker of neuronal injury. Moreover, VILIP-1 plays a vital role in linking calcium-mediated neurotoxicity and AD-type pathological changes. The disruption of Ca2 + homeostasis caused by AD-type neurodegeneration may result in the damage of VILIP-1-containing neurons in the brain, leading to increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of VILIP-1. Thus, the aim of this overview is to describe the relationships of the NCS protein VILIP-1 with the pathogenetic factors of AD and neurodegenerative processes, as well as its potential clinical usefulness as a biomarker of AD. Moreover, we describe the current and probable therapeutic strategies for AD, targeting calcium-signaling pathways and VILIP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Muszyński
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, Poland.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
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29
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Mitochondria, calcium, and tumor suppressor Fus1: At the crossroad of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20754-72. [PMID: 26246474 PMCID: PMC4673227 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria present a unique set of key intracellular functions such as ATP synthesis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ buffering. Mitochondria both encode and decode Ca2+ signals and these interrelated functions have a direct impact on cell signaling and metabolism. High proliferative potential is a key energy-demanding feature shared by cancer cells and activated T lymphocytes. Switch of a metabolic state mediated by alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a fundamental role in maintenance of the proliferative state. Recent studies show that tumor suppressors have the ability to affect mitochondrial homeostasis controlling both cancer and autoimmunity. Herein, we discuss established and putative mechanisms of calcium–dependent regulation of both T cell and tumor cell activities. We use the mitochondrial protein Fus1 as a case of tumor suppressor that controls immune response and tumor growth via maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. We focus on the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling as a key function of Fus1 and highlight the mechanisms of a crosstalk between Ca2+ accumulation and mitochondrial homeostasis. Given the important role of Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and ROS production in the activation of NFAT and NF-κB transcription factors, we outline the importance of Fus1 activities in this context.
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30
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Kleist TJ, Luan S. Constant change: dynamic regulation of membrane transport by calcium signalling networks keeps plants in tune with their environment. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:467-481. [PMID: 26139029 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial variation and irregularities in their environment, plants must conform to spatiotemporal demands on the molecular composition of their cytosol. Cell membranes are the major interface between organisms and their environment and the basis for controlling the contents and intracellular organization of the cell. Membrane transport proteins (MTPs) govern the flow of molecules across membranes, and their activities are closely monitored and regulated by cell signalling networks. By continuously adjusting MTP activities, plants can mitigate the effects of environmental perturbations, but effective implementation of this strategy is reliant on precise coordination among transport systems that reside in distinct cell types and membranes. Here, we examine the role of calcium signalling in the coordination of membrane transport, with an emphasis on potassium transport. Potassium is an exceptionally abundant and mobile ion in plants, and plant potassium transport has been intensively studied for decades. Classic and recent studies have underscored the importance of calcium in plant environmental responses and membrane transport regulation. In reviewing recent advances in our understanding of the coding and decoding of calcium signals, we highlight established and emerging roles of calcium signalling in coordinating membrane transport among multiple subcellular locations and distinct transport systems in plants, drawing examples from the CBL-CIPK signalling network. By synthesizing classical studies and recent findings, we aim to provide timely insights on the role of calcium signalling networks in the modulation of membrane transport and its importance in plant environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Kleist
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sheng Luan
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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31
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Lemire S, Jeromin A, Boisselier É. Membrane binding of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS1). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 139:138-47. [PMID: 26705828 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS1) belongs to the family of Neuronal Calcium Sensor (NCS) proteins. NCS1 is composed of four EF-hand motifs and an N-terminal myristoylation. However, the presence of a calcium-myristoyl switch in NCS1 and its role in the membrane binding are controversial. The model of Langmuir lipid monolayers is thus used to mimic the cell membrane in order to characterize the membrane interactions of NCS1. Two binding parameters are calculated from monolayer measurements: the maximum insertion pressure, up to which protein binding is energetically favorable, and the synergy, reporting attractive or repulsive interactions with the lipid monolayers. Binding membrane measurements performed in the presence of myristoylated NCS1 reveal better binding interactions for phospholipids composed of phosphoethanolamine polar head groups and unsaturated fatty acyl chains. In the absence of calcium, the membrane binding measurements are drastically modified and suggest that the protein is more strongly bound to the membrane. Indeed, the binding of calcium by three EF-hand motifs of NCS1 leads to a conformation change. NCS1 arrangement at the membrane could thus be reshuffled for better interactions with its substrates. The N-terminal peptide of NCS1 is composed of two amphiphilic helices involved in the membrane interactions of NCS1. Moreover, the presence of the myristoyl group has a weak influence on the membrane binding of NCS1 suggesting the absence of a calcium-myristoyl switch mechanism in this protein. The myristoylation could thus have a structural role required in the folding/unfolding of NCS1 which is essential to its multiple biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lemire
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Élodie Boisselier
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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32
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Viviano J, Krishnan A, Wu H, Venkataraman V. Electrophoretic mobility shift in native gels indicates calcium-dependent structural changes of neuronal calcium sensor proteins. Anal Biochem 2015; 494:93-100. [PMID: 26617128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In proteins of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family, changes in structure as well as function are brought about by the binding of calcium. In this article, we demonstrate that these structural changes, solely due to calcium binding, can be assessed through electrophoresis in native gels. The results demonstrate that the NCS proteins undergo ligand-dependent conformational changes that are detectable in native gels as a gradual decrease in mobility with increasing calcium but not other tested divalent cations such as magnesium, strontium, and barium. Surprisingly, such a gradual change over the entire tested range is exhibited only by the NCS proteins but not by other tested calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin and S100B, indicating that the change in mobility may be linked to a unique NCS family feature--the calcium-myristoyl switch. Even within the NCS family, the changes in mobility are characteristic of the protein, indicating that the technique is sensitive to the individual features of the protein. Thus, electrophoretic mobility on native gels provides a simple and elegant method to investigate calcium (small ligand)-induced structural changes at least in the superfamily of NCS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Viviano
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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33
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Koch KW, Dell'Orco D. Protein and Signaling Networks in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:67. [PMID: 26635520 PMCID: PMC4646965 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate photoreceptor cells are exquisite light detectors operating under very dim and bright illumination. The photoexcitation and adaptation machinery in photoreceptor cells consists of protein complexes that can form highly ordered supramolecular structures and control the homeostasis and mutual dependence of the secondary messengers cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and Ca2+. The visual pigment in rod photoreceptors, the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin is organized in tracks of dimers thereby providing a signaling platform for the dynamic scaffolding of the G protein transducin. Illuminated rhodopsin is turned off by phosphorylation catalyzed by rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) under control of Ca2+-recoverin. The GRK1 protein complex partly assembles in lipid raft structures, where shutting off rhodopsin seems to be more effective. Re-synthesis of cGMP is another crucial step in the recovery of the photoresponse after illumination. It is catalyzed by membrane bound sensory guanylate cyclases (GCs) and is regulated by specific neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins called guanylate cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs). At least one GC (ROS-GC1) was shown to be part of a multiprotein complex having strong interactions with the cytoskeleton and being controlled in a multimodal Ca2+-dependent fashion. The final target of the cGMP signaling cascade is a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel that is a hetero-oligomeric protein located in the plasma membrane and interacting with accessory proteins in highly organized microdomains. We summarize results and interpretations of findings related to the inhomogeneous organization of signaling units in photoreceptor outer segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Wilhelm Koch
- Department of Neurosciences, Biochemistry Group, University of Oldenburg Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry and Center for BioMedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona Verona, Italy
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34
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Mutations in HPCA cause autosomal-recessive primary isolated dystonia. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:657-65. [PMID: 25799108 PMCID: PMC4385177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of primary isolated dystonia inherited in an autosomal-recessive (AR) manner, often lumped together as “DYT2 dystonia,” have appeared in the scientific literature for several decades, but no genetic cause has been identified to date. Using a combination of homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in a consanguineous kindred affected by AR isolated dystonia, we identified homozygous mutations in HPCA, a gene encoding a neuronal calcium sensor protein found almost exclusively in the brain and at particularly high levels in the striatum, as the cause of disease in this family. Subsequently, compound-heterozygous mutations in HPCA were also identified in a second independent kindred affected by AR isolated dystonia. Functional studies suggest that hippocalcin might play a role in regulating voltage-dependent calcium channels. The identification of mutations in HPCA as a cause of AR primary isolated dystonia paves the way for further studies to assess whether “DYT2 dystonia” is a genetically homogeneous condition or not.
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35
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Rajanikanth V, Sharma AK, Rajyalakshmi M, Chandra K, Chary KVR, Sharma Y. Liaison between Myristoylation and Cryptic EF-Hand Motif Confers Ca2+ Sensitivity to Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1111-22. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anand Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for
Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Meduri Rajyalakshmi
- CSIR-Centre for
Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Kandala V. R. Chary
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500075, India
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for
Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, India
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36
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Trejter M, Hochol A, Tyczewska M, Ziolkowska A, Jopek K, Szyszka M, Malendowicz LK, Rucinski M. Visinin-like peptide 1 in adrenal gland of the rat. Gene expression and its hormonal control. Peptides 2015; 63:22-9. [PMID: 25451331 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
VSNL1 encodes the calcium-sensor protein visinin-like 1 and was identified previously as an upregulated gene in a sample set of aldosterone-producing adenomas. Recently, by means of microarray studies we demonstrated high expression of Vsnl1 gene in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG). Only scanty data are available on the role of this gene in adrenal function as well as on regulation of its expression by factors affecting adrenal cortex structure and function. Therefore we performed relevant studies aimed at clarifying some of the above issues. By Affymetrix(®) Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array Strip, QPCR and immunohistochemistry we demonstrated that expression levels of Vsnl1 in the rat adrenal ZG are notably higher than in the fasciculata/reticularis zone. In QPCR assay this difference was approximately 10 times higher. Expression of this gene in the rat adrenal gland or adrenocortical cells was acutely down regulated by ACTH, while chronic administration of corticotrophin or dexamethasone did not change Vsnl1 mRNA levels. In enucleation-induced adrenocortical regeneration expression levels of both Vsnl1 and Cyp11b2 were notably lowered and positively correlated. Despite these findings, the physiological significance of adrenal Vsnl1 remains unclear, and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Trejter
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Hochol
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Protein-2 Undergoes Structural Changes upon Binding to Detergent Micelles and Bicelles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2767-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stackpole EE, Akins MR, Fallon JR. N-myristoylation regulates the axonal distribution of the Fragile X-related protein FXR2P. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 62:42-50. [PMID: 25109237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome, the leading cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism, is caused by loss of function of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA binding protein that regulates local protein synthesis in the somatodendritic compartment. However, emerging evidence also indicates important roles for FMRP in axonal and presynaptic functions. In particular, FMRP and its homologue FXR2P localize axonally and presynaptically to discrete endogenous structures in the brain termed Fragile X granules (FXGs). FXR2P is a component of all FXGs and is necessary for the axonal and presynaptic localization of FMRP to these structures. We therefore sought to identify and characterize structural features of FXR2P that regulate its axonal localization. Sequence analysis reveals that FXR2P harbors a consensus N-terminal myristoylation sequence (MGXXXS) that is absent in FMRP. Using click chemistry with wild type and an unmyristoylatable G2A mutant we demonstrate that FXR2P is N-myristoylated on glycine 2, establishing it as a lipid-modified RNA binding protein. To investigate the role of FXR2P N-myristoylation in neurons we generated fluorescently tagged wild type and unmyristoylatable FXR2P (WT and G2A, respectively) and expressed them in primary cortical cultures. Both FXR2P(WT) and FXR2P(G2A) are expressed at equivalent overall levels and are capable of forming FMRP-containing axonal granules. However, FXR2P(WT) granules are largely restricted to proximal axonal segments while granules formed with unmyristoylatable FXR2P(G2A) are localized throughout the axonal arbor, including in growth cones. These studies indicate that N-terminal myristoylation of the RNA binding protein FXR2P regulates its localization within the axonal arbor. Moreover, since FMRP localization within axonal domains requires its association with FXR2P, these findings suggest that FXR2P lipid modification is a control point for the axonal and presynaptic distribution of FMRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Stackpole
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michael R Akins
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin R Fallon
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Liebl MP, Kaya AM, Tenzer S, Mittenzwei R, Koziollek-Drechsler I, Schild H, Moosmann B, Behl C, Clement AM. Dimerization of visinin-like protein 1 is regulated by oxidative stress and calcium and is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:41-54. [PMID: 24742816 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox control of proteins that form disulfide bonds upon oxidative challenge is an emerging topic in the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of protein function. We have investigated the role of the neuronal calcium sensor protein visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) as a novel redox sensor in a cellular system. We have found oxidative stress to trigger dimerization of VILIP-1 within a cellular environment and identified thioredoxin reductase as responsible for facilitating the remonomerization of the dimeric protein. Dimerization is modulated by calcium and not dependent on the myristoylation of VILIP-1. Furthermore, we show by site-directed mutagenesis that dimerization is exclusively mediated by Cys187. As a functional consequence, VILIP-1 dimerization modulates the sensitivity of cells to an oxidative challenge. We have investigated whether dimerization of VILIP-1 occurs in two different animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and detected soluble VILIP-1 dimers to be significantly enriched in the spinal cord from phenotypic disease onset onwards. Moreover, VILIP-1 is part of the ALS-specific protein aggregates. We show for the first time that the C-terminus of VILIP-1, containing Cys187, might represent a novel redox-sensitive motif and that VILIP-1 dimerization and aggregation are hallmarks of ALS. This suggests that VILIP-1 dimers play a functional role in integrating the cytosolic calcium concentration and the oxidative status of the cell. Furthermore, a loss of VILIP-1 function owing to protein aggregation in ALS could be relevant in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina P Liebl
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ali M Kaya
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Romy Mittenzwei
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid Koziollek-Drechsler
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Moosmann
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Clement
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Jankowska A, Sharma RK, Duda T. Ca(2+)-modulated ROS-GC1 transduction system in testes and its presence in the spermatogenic cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:34. [PMID: 24808824 PMCID: PMC4010774 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ROS-GC1 belongs to the Ca2+-modulated sub-family of membrane guanylate cyclases. It primarily exists and is linked with signaling of the sensory neurons – sight, smell, taste, and pinealocytes. Exceptionally, it is also present and is Ca2+-modulated in t he non-neuronal cells, the sperm cells in the testes, where S100B protein serves as its Ca2+ sensor. The present report demonstrates the identification of an additional Ca2+ sensor of ROS-GC1 in the testes, neurocalcin δ. Through mouse molecular genetic models, it compares and quantifies the relative input of the S100B and neurocalcin δ in regulating the Ca2+ signaling of ROS-GC1 transduction machinery, and via immunochemistry it demonstrates the co-presence of neurocalcin δ and ROS-GC1 in the spermatogenic cells of the testes. The suggestion is that in more ways than one the Ca2+-modulated ROS-GC1 transduction system is linked with the testicular function. This non-neuronal transduction system may represent an illustration of the ROS-GC1 expanding role in the trans-signaling of the neural and non-neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jankowska
- The Unit of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Poland
| | - Rameshwar K Sharma
- The Unit of Regulatory and Molecular Biology, Research Divisions of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Salus University PA, USA
| | - Teresa Duda
- The Unit of Regulatory and Molecular Biology, Research Divisions of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Salus University PA, USA
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Uzhachenko R, Ivanov SV, Yarbrough WG, Shanker A, Medzhitov R, Ivanova AV. Fus1/Tusc2 is a novel regulator of mitochondrial calcium handling, Ca2+-coupled mitochondrial processes, and Ca2+-dependent NFAT and NF-κB pathways in CD4+ T cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1533-47. [PMID: 24328503 PMCID: PMC3942676 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Fus1 has been established as mitochondrial tumor suppressor, immunomodulator, and antioxidant protein, but molecular mechanism of these activities remained to be identified. Based on putative calcium-binding and myristoyl-binding domains that we identified in Fus1, we explored our hypothesis that Fus1 regulates mitochondrial calcium handling and calcium-coupled processes. RESULTS Fus1 loss resulted in reduced rate of mitochondrial calcium uptake in calcium-loaded epithelial cells, splenocytes, and activated CD4(+) T cells. The reduced rate of mitochondrial calcium uptake in Fus1-deficient cells correlated with cytosolic calcium increase and dysregulation of calcium-coupled mitochondrial parameters, such as reactive oxygen species production, ΔμH(+), mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and GSH content. Inhibition of calcium efflux via mitochondria, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger significantly improved the mitochondrial calcium uptake in Fus1(-/-) cells. Ex vivo analysis of activated CD4(+) T cells showed Fus1-dependent changes in calcium-regulated processes, such as surface expression of CD4 and PD1/PD-L1, proliferation, and Th polarization. Fus1(-/-) T cells showed increased basal expression of calcium-dependent NF-κB and NFAT targets but were unable to fully activate these pathways after stimulation. INNOVATION Our results establish Fus1 as one of the few identified regulators of mitochondrial calcium handling. Our data support the idea that alterations in mitochondrial calcium dynamics could lead to the disruption of metabolic coupling in mitochondria that, in turn, may result in multiple cellular and systemic abnormalities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Fus1 achieves its protective role in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer via the regulation of mitochondrial calcium and calcium-coupled parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, VICC, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, Tennessee
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42
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Li C, Ames JB. ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N chemical shift assignments of neuronal calcium sensor protein, hippocalcin. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2014; 8:63-6. [PMID: 23250791 PMCID: PMC3625700 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-012-9453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hippocalcin, a member of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) subclass of the calmodulin superfamily, serves as an important calcium sensor for the slow afterhyperpolarizing (sAHP) current in the hippocampus, which underlies some forms of learning and memory. Hippocalcin is also a calcium sensor for hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) and genetically linked to neurodegenerative diseases. We report NMR chemical shift assignments of Ca(2+)-free hippocalcin (BMRB no. 18627).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - James B. Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Lim S, Dizhoor AM, Ames JB. Structural diversity of neuronal calcium sensor proteins and insights for activation of retinal guanylyl cyclase by GCAP1. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:19. [PMID: 24672427 PMCID: PMC3956117 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins, a sub-branch of the calmodulin superfamily, are expressed in the brain and retina where they transduce calcium signals and are genetically linked to degenerative diseases. The amino acid sequences of NCS proteins are highly conserved but their physiological functions are quite different. Retinal recoverin controls Ca2+-dependent inactivation of light-excited rhodopsin during phototransduction, guanylyl cyclase activating proteins 1 and 2 (GCAP1 and GCAP2) promote Ca2+-dependent activation of retinal guanylyl cyclases, and neuronal frequenin (NCS-1) modulates synaptic activity and neuronal secretion. Here we review the molecular structures of myristoylated forms of NCS-1, recoverin, and GCAP1 that all look very different, suggesting that the attached myristoyl group helps to refold these highly homologous proteins into different three-dimensional folds. Ca2+-binding to both recoverin and NCS-1 cause large protein conformational changes that ejects the covalently attached myristoyl group into the solvent exterior and promotes membrane targeting (Ca2+-myristoyl switch). The GCAP proteins undergo much smaller Ca2+-induced conformational changes and do not possess a Ca2+-myristoyl switch. Recent structures of GCAP1 in both its activator and Ca2+-bound inhibitory states will be discussed to understand structural determinants that control their Ca2+-dependent activation of retinal guanylyl cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyuk Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexander M Dizhoor
- Basic Sciences, Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis Davis, CA, USA
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Duda T, Pertzev A, Sharma RK. Atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase, ANF-RGC, transduces two independent signals, ANF and Ca(2+). Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:17. [PMID: 24672425 PMCID: PMC3955944 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase (ANF-RGC), was the first discovered member of the mammalian membrane guanylate cyclase family. The hallmark feature of the family is that a single protein contains both the site for recognition of the regulatory signal and the ability to transduce it into the production of the second messenger, cyclic GMP. For over two decades, the family has been classified into two subfamilies, the hormone receptor subfamily with ANF-RGC being its paramount member, and the Ca2+ modulated subfamily, which includes the rod outer segment guanylate cyclases, ROS-GC1 and 2, and the olfactory neuroepithelial guanylate cyclase. ANF-RGC is the receptor and the signal transducer of the most hypotensive hormones, ANF– and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). After binding these hormones at the extracellular domain it, at its intracellular domain, signals activation of the C-terminal catalytic module and accelerates the production of cyclic GMP. Cyclic GMP then serves the second messenger role in biological responses of ANF and BNP such as natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, and anti-proliferation. Very recently another modus operandus for ANF-RGC was revealed. Its crux is that ANF-RGC activity is also regulated by Ca2+. The Ca2+ sensor neurocalcin d mediates this signaling mechanism. Strikingly, the Ca2+ and ANF signaling mechanisms employ separate structural motifs of ANF-RGC in modulating its core catalytic domain in accelerating the production of cyclic GMP. In this review the biochemistry and physiology of these mechanisms with emphasis on cardiovascular regulation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Duda
- The Unit of Regulatory and Molecular Biology, Research Divisions of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Salus University Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre Pertzev
- The Unit of Regulatory and Molecular Biology, Research Divisions of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Salus University Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Rameshwar K Sharma
- The Unit of Regulatory and Molecular Biology, Research Divisions of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Salus University Elkins Park, PA, USA
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45
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Lichti CF, Wildburger NC, Emmett MR, Mostovenko E, Shavkunov AS, Strain SK, Nilsson CL. Post-translational Modifications in the Human Proteome. TRANSLATIONAL BIOINFORMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9202-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Ranaghan MJ, Kumar RP, Chakrabarti KS, Buosi V, Kern D, Oprian DD. A highly conserved cysteine of neuronal calcium-sensing proteins controls cooperative binding of Ca2+ to recoverin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36160-7. [PMID: 24189072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.524355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recoverin, a 23-kDa Ca(2+)-binding protein of the neuronal calcium sensing (NCS) family, inhibits rhodopsin kinase, a Ser/Thr kinase responsible for termination of photoactivated rhodopsin in rod photoreceptor cells. Recoverin has two functional EF hands and a myristoylated N terminus. The myristoyl chain imparts cooperativity to the Ca(2+)-binding sites through an allosteric mechanism involving a conformational equilibrium between R and T states of the protein. Ca(2+) binds preferentially to the R state; the myristoyl chain binds preferentially to the T state. In the absence of myristoylation, the R state predominates, and consequently, binding of Ca(2+) to the non-myristoylated protein is not cooperative. We show here that a mutation, C39A, of a highly conserved Cys residue among NCS proteins, increases the apparent cooperativity for binding of Ca(2+) to non-myristoylated recoverin. The binding data can be explained by an effect on the T/R equilibrium to favor the T state without affecting the intrinsic binding constants for the two Ca(2+) sites.
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47
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Myers WK, Xu X, Li C, Lagerstedt JO, Budamagunta MS, Voss JC, Britt RD, Ames JB. Double electron-electron resonance probes Ca²⁺-induced conformational changes and dimerization of recoverin. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5800-8. [PMID: 23906368 DOI: 10.1021/bi400538w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recoverin, a member of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) branch of the calmodulin superfamily, is expressed in retinal photoreceptor cells and serves as a calcium sensor in vision. Ca²⁺-induced conformational changes in recoverin cause extrusion of its covalently attached myristate (termed Ca²⁺-myristoyl switch) that promotes translocation of recoverin to disk membranes during phototransduction in retinal rod cells. Here we report double electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiments on recoverin that probe Ca²⁺-induced changes in distance as measured by the dipolar coupling between spin-labels strategically positioned at engineered cysteine residues on the protein surface. The DEER distance between nitroxide spin-labels attached at C39 and N120C is 2.5 ± 0.1 nm for Ca²⁺-free recoverin and 3.7 ± 0.1 nm for Ca²⁺-bound recoverin. An additional DEER distance (5-6 nm) observed for Ca²⁺-bound recoverin may represent an intermolecular distance between C39 and N120. ¹⁵N NMR relaxation analysis and CW-EPR experiments both confirm that Ca²⁺-bound recoverin forms a dimer at protein concentrations above 100 μM, whereas Ca²⁺-free recoverin is monomeric. We propose that Ca²⁺-induced dimerization of recoverin at the disk membrane surface may play a role in regulating Ca²⁺-dependent phosphorylation of dimeric rhodopsin. The DEER approach will be useful for elucidating dimeric structures of NCS proteins in general for which Ca²⁺-induced dimerization is functionally important but not well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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48
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Pearring JN, Salinas RY, Baker SA, Arshavsky VY. Protein sorting, targeting and trafficking in photoreceptor cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 36:24-51. [PMID: 23562855 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vision is the most fundamental of our senses initiated when photons are absorbed by the rod and cone photoreceptor neurons of the retina. At the distal end of each photoreceptor resides a light-sensing organelle, called the outer segment, which is a modified primary cilium highly enriched with proteins involved in visual signal transduction. At the proximal end, each photoreceptor has a synaptic terminal, which connects this cell to the downstream neurons for further processing of the visual information. Understanding the mechanisms involved in creating and maintaining functional compartmentalization of photoreceptor cells remains among the most fascinating topics in ocular cell biology. This review will discuss how photoreceptor compartmentalization is supported by protein sorting, targeting and trafficking, with an emphasis on the best-studied cases of outer segment-resident proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Pearring
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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49
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Xu X, Olson CL, Engman DM, Ames JB. (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C chemical shift assignments of the calflagin Tb24 flagellar calcium binding protein of Trypanosoma brucei. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2013; 7:9-12. [PMID: 22382573 PMCID: PMC6467503 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-012-9366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flagellar calcium binding proteins are expressed in a variety of trypanosomes and are potential drug targets for Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness. We report complete NMR chemical shift assignments of the flagellar calcium binding protein calflagin Tb24 of Trypanosoma brucei. (BMRB no. 18011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Cheryl L. Olson
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - David M. Engman
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - James B. Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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50
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Xu X, Olson CL, Engman DM, Ames JB. NMR structure of the calflagin Tb24 flagellar calcium binding protein of Trypanosoma brucei. Protein Sci 2012; 21:1942-7. [PMID: 23011904 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Flagellar calcium binding proteins are expressed in a variety of trypanosomes and are potential drug targets for Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness. The flagellar calcium binding protein calflagin of Trypanosoma brucei (called Tb24) is a myristoylated and palmitoylated EF-hand protein that is targeted to the inner leaflet of the flagellar membrane. The Tb24 protein may also interact with proteins on the membrane surface that may be different from those bound to flagellar calcium binding proteins (FCaBPs) in T. cruzi. We report here the NMR structure of Tb24 that contains four EF-hand motifs bundled in a compact arrangement, similar to the overall fold of T. cruzi FCaBP (RMSD = 1.0 Å). A cluster of basic residues (K22, K25, K31, R36, and R38) located on a surface near the N-terminal myristoyl group may be important for membrane binding. Non-conserved residues on the surface of a hydrophobic groove formed by EF2 (P91, Q95, D103, and V108) and EF4 (C194, T198, K199, Q202, and V203) may serve as a target protein binding site and could have implications for membrane target recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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