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West JJ, Golloshi R, Cho CY, Wang Y, Stevenson P, Stein-O’Brien G, Fertig EJ, Ewald AJ. Claudin 7 suppresses invasion and metastasis through repression of a smooth muscle actin program. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311002. [PMID: 39320351 PMCID: PMC11450322 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis initiates when cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, which requires changes to intercellular junctions. Claudins are transmembrane proteins that form the tight junction, and their expression is reduced in aggressive breast tumors. However, claudins' roles during breast cancer metastasis remain unclear. We used gain- and loss-of-function genetics in organoids isolated from murine breast cancer models to establish that Cldn7 suppresses invasion and metastasis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Cldn7 knockdown induced smooth muscle actin (SMA)-related genes and a broader mesenchymal phenotype. We validated our results in human cell lines, fresh human tumor tissue, bulk RNA-seq, and public single-cell RNA-seq data. We consistently observed an inverse relationship between Cldn7 expression and expression of SMA-related genes. Furthermore, knockdown and overexpression of SMA-related genes demonstrated that they promote breast cancer invasion. Our data reveal that Cldn7 suppresses breast cancer invasion and metastasis through negative regulation of SMA-related and mesenchymal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior J. West
- Departments of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Giovanis Institute for Translational Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosela Golloshi
- Departments of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Giovanis Institute for Translational Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chae Yun Cho
- Departments of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Departments of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Giovanis Institute for Translational Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Parker Stevenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Genevieve Stein-O’Brien
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elana J. Fertig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ewald
- Departments of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Giovanis Institute for Translational Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Padmanaban V, Keller I, Seltzer ES, Ostendorf BN, Kerner Z, Tavazoie SF. Neuronal substance P drives metastasis through an extracellular RNA-TLR7 axis. Nature 2024; 633:207-215. [PMID: 39112700 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Tumour innervation is associated with worse patient outcomes in multiple cancers1,2, which suggests that it may regulate metastasis. Here we observed that highly metastatic mouse mammary tumours acquired more innervation than did less-metastatic tumours. This enhanced innervation was driven by expression of the axon-guidance molecule SLIT2 in tumour vasculature. Breast cancer cells induced spontaneous calcium activity in sensory neurons and elicited release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP). Using three-dimensional co-cultures and in vivo models, we found that neuronal SP promoted breast tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, patient tumours with elevated SP exhibited enhanced lymph node metastatic spread. SP acted on tumoral tachykinin receptors (TACR1) to drive death of a small population of TACR1high cancer cells. Single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) released from dying cells acted on neighbouring tumoural Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) to non-canonically activate a prometastatic gene expression program. This SP- and ssRNA-induced Tlr7 gene expression signature was associated with reduced breast cancer survival outcomes. Therapeutic targeting of this neuro-cancer axis with the TACR1 antagonist aprepitant, an approved anti-nausea drug, suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis in multiple models. Our findings reveal that tumour-induced hyperactivation of sensory neurons regulates multiple aspects of metastatic progression in breast cancer through a therapeutically targetable neuropeptide/extracellular ssRNA sensing axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Padmanaban
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Keller
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan S Seltzer
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin N Ostendorf
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Ogunlusi O, Sarkar M, Chakrabarti A, Boland DJ, Nguyen T, Sampson J, Nguyen C, Fails D, Jones-Hall Y, Fu L, Mallick B, Keene A, Jones J, Sarkar TR. Disruption of Circadian Clock Induces Abnormal Mammary Morphology and Aggressive Basal Tumorigenesis by Enhancing LILRB4 Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585534. [PMID: 38562905 PMCID: PMC10983926 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is associated with the risk of breast cancer. However, the role of CRD in mammary gland morphology and aggressive basal mammary tumorigenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying CRD and cancer risk remain unknown. To investigate the effect of CRD on aggressive tumorigenesis, a genetically engineered mouse model that recapitulates the human basal type of breast cancer was used for this study. The effect of CRD on mammary gland morphology was investigated using wild-type mice model. The impact of CRD on the tumor microenvironment was investigated using the tumors from LD12:12 and CRD mice via scRNA seq. ScRNA seq was substantiated by multiplexing immunostaining, flow cytometry, and realtime PCR. The effect of LILRB4 immunotherapy on CRD-induced tumorigenesis was also investigated. Here we identified the impact of CRD on basal tumorigenesis and mammary gland morphology and identified the role of LILRB4 on CRD-induced lung metastasis. We found that chronic CRD disrupted mouse mammary gland morphology and increased tumor burden, and lung metastasis and induced an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by enhancing LILRB4a expression. Moreover, CRD increased the M2-macrophage and regulatory T-cell populations but decreased the M1-macrophage, and dendritic cell populations. Furthermore, targeted immunotherapy against LILRB4 reduced CRD-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment and lung metastasis. These findings identify and implicate LILRB4a as a link between CRD and aggressive mammary tumorigenesis. This study also establishes the potential role of the targeted LILRB4a immunotherapy as an inhibitor of CRD-induced lung metastasis.
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4
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Kaushal JB, Takkar S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Diverse landscape of genetically engineered mouse models: Genomic and molecular insights into prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216954. [PMID: 38735382 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health concern for men worldwide and is particularly prevalent in the United States. It is a complex disease presenting different molecular subtypes and varying degrees of aggressiveness. Transgenic/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) greatly enhanced our understanding of the intricate molecular processes that underlie PCa progression and have offered valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for this disease. The integration of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, along with expression profiling, has played a pivotal role in advancing GEMMs by facilitating the identification of genetic alterations driving PCa development. This review focuses on genetically modified mice classified into the first and second generations of PCa models. We summarize whether models created by manipulating the function of specific genes replicate the consequences of genomic alterations observed in human PCa, including early and later disease stages. We discuss cases where GEMMs did not fully exhibit the expected human PCa phenotypes and possible causes of the failure. Here, we summarize the comprehensive understanding, recent advances, strengths and limitations of the GEMMs in advancing our insights into PCa, offering genetic and molecular perspectives for developing novel GEMM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti B Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Simran Takkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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5
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Wang J, Li B, Luo M, Huang J, Zhang K, Zheng S, Zhang S, Zhou J. Progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: molecular features and clinical significance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:83. [PMID: 38570490 PMCID: PMC10991592 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents pre-invasive breast carcinoma. In untreated cases, 25-60% DCIS progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The challenge lies in distinguishing between non-progressive and progressive DCIS, often resulting in over- or under-treatment in many cases. With increasing screen-detected DCIS in these years, the nature of DCIS has aroused worldwide attention. A deeper understanding of the biological nature of DCIS and the molecular journey of the DCIS-IDC transition is crucial for more effective clinical management. Here, we reviewed the key signaling pathways in breast cancer that may contribute to DCIS initiation and progression. We also explored the molecular features of DCIS and IDC, shedding light on the progression of DCIS through both inherent changes within tumor cells and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, valuable research tools utilized in studying DCIS including preclinical models and newer advanced technologies such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and artificial intelligence, have been systematically summarized. Further, we thoroughly discussed the clinical advancements in DCIS and IDC, including prognostic biomarkers and clinical managements, with the aim of facilitating more personalized treatment strategies in the future. Research on DCIS has already yielded significant insights into breast carcinogenesis and will continue to pave the way for practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baizhou Li
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Meng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Shi W, Mirza S, Kuss M, Liu B, Hartin A, Wan S, Kong Y, Mohapatra B, Krishnan M, Band H, Band V, Duan B. Embedded Bioprinting of Breast Tumor Cells and Organoids Using Low-Concentration Collagen-Based Bioinks. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300905. [PMID: 37422447 PMCID: PMC10592394 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioinks for 3D bioprinting of tumor models should not only meet printability requirements but also accurately maintain and support phenotypes of tumor surrounding cells to recapitulate key tumor hallmarks. Collagen is a major extracellular matrix protein for solid tumors, but low viscosity of collagen solution has made 3D bioprinted cancer models challenging. This work produces embedded, bioprinted breast cancer cells and tumor organoid models using low-concentration collagen I based bioinks. The biocompatible and physically crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogel is used to generate the support bath for the embedded 3D printing. The composition of the collagen I based bioink is optimized with a thermoresponsive hyaluronic acid-based polymer to maintain the phenotypes of both the noninvasive epithelial and invasive breast cancer cells, as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mouse breast tumor organoids are bioprinted using optimized collagen bioink to mimic in vivo tumor morphology. A vascularized tumor model is also created using a similar strategy, with significantly enhanced vasculature formation under hypoxia. This study shows the great potential of embedded bioprinted breast tumor models utilizing a low-concentration collagen-based bioink for advancing the understanding of tumor cell biology and facilitating drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Andrew Hartin
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shibiao Wan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mena Krishnan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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7
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Lee O, Wang M, Hosseini O, Bosland MC, Muzzio M, Helenowski I, Khan SA. Z-Endoxifen prevents aggressive mammary cancers in mice by inhibiting cell proliferation and creating a tumor suppressive microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114607. [PMID: 37001185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer is frequently tamoxifen-resistant; alternative endocrine approaches exist for therapy, but not for prevention, particularly in premenopausal women. We examined the efficacy of the selective ER modulator (Z-endoxifen) as monotherapy and in combination with the selective progesterone receptor modulators (onapristone and ulipristal acetate) in the tamoxifen-insensitive C3(1)/SV40TAg mouse mammary tumorigenesis model. Unlike tamoxifen at human equivalent dose (HED) 101 mg/day, endoxifen at HED 24 mg/day significantly increased latency and reduced tumor growth relative to untreated controls. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) at HED 81 mg/day also significantly increased latency however failed to inhibit tumor growth, while onapristone (HED 98 mg/day) had no tumor prevention efficacy in this model. Addition of UPA to endoxifen did not enhance preventive efficacy over endoxifen alone. The expression of genes associated with cell cycle, cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling was similarly repressed by endoxifen and UPA however only endoxifen significantly downregulated prominent genes associated with poor prognosis (Col11a1, Il17b, Pdgfa, Tnfrsf11a). Our results indicate that endoxifen can prevent breast cancers, even when tamoxifen-resistant, through its role in favorable tissue remodeling and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oukseub Lee
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Minhua Wang
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omid Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miguel Muzzio
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene Helenowski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Marker PC, Unterberger CJ, Swanson SM. GH-dependent growth of experimentally induced carcinomas in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e220403. [PMID: 36826838 PMCID: PMC10140676 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Interest in investigating the role of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis in the initiation and progression of experimentally induced carcinomas has arisen due to several observations in the human population. First, subjects with Laron syndrome who lack GH signaling have significantly lower rates of cancer than people who have normal GH signaling. Second, epidemiologic studies have found strong associations between elevated circulating IGF-1 and the incidence of several common cancers. Third, women who bear children early in life have a dramatically reduced risk of developing breast cancer, which may be due to differences in hormone levels including GH. These observations have motivated multiple studies that have experimentally altered activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis in the context of experimental carcinoma models in mice and rats. Most of these studies have utilized carcinoma models for four organ systems that are also frequent sites of carcinomas in humans: the mammary gland, prostate gland, liver, and colon. This review focuses on these studies and describes some of the most common genetic models used to alter the activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis in experimentally induced carcinomas. A recurring theme that emerges from these studies is that manipulations that reduce the activity of GH or mediators of GH action also inhibit carcinogenesis in multiple model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Marker
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Christopher J. Unterberger
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Steven M. Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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9
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Henriet E, Knutsdottir H, Grasset EM, Dunworth M, Haynes M, Bader JS, Ewald AJ. Triple negative breast tumors contain heterogeneous cancer cells expressing distinct KRAS-dependent collective and disseminative invasion programs. Oncogene 2023; 42:737-747. [PMID: 36604566 PMCID: PMC10760065 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inter-patient and intra-tumoral heterogeneity complicate the identification of predictive biomarkers and effective treatments for basal triple negative breast cancer (b-TNBC). Invasion is the initiating event in metastasis and can occur by both collective and single-cell mechanisms. We cultured primary organoids from a b-TNBC genetically engineered mouse model in 3D collagen gels to characterize their invasive behavior. We observed that organoids from the same tumor presented different phenotypes that we classified as non-invasive, collective and disseminative. To identify molecular regulators driving these invasive phenotypes, we developed a workflow to isolate individual organoids from the collagen gels based on invasive morphology and perform RNA sequencing. We next tested the requirement of differentially regulated genes for invasion using shRNA knock-down. Strikingly, KRAS was required for both collective and disseminative phenotypes. We then performed a drug screen targeting signaling nodes upstream and downstream of KRAS. We found that inhibition of EGFR, MAPK/ERK, or PI3K/AKT signaling reduced invasion. Of these, ERK inhibition was striking for its ability to potently inhibit collective invasion and dissemination. We conclude that different cancer cells in the same b-TNBC tumor can express different metastatic molecular programs and identified KRAS and ERK as essential regulators of collective and single cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Henriet
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hildur Knutsdottir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eloise M Grasset
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Meagan Haynes
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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10
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Brane A, Arora I, Tollefsbol TO. Peripubertal Nutritional Prevention of Cancer-Associated Gene Expression and Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:674. [PMID: 36765634 PMCID: PMC9913820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a nearly ubiquitous malignancy that effects the lives of millions worldwide. Recently, nutritional prevention of BC has received increased attention due to its efficacy and ease of application. Chief among chemopreventive compounds are plant-based substances known as dietary phytochemicals. Sulforaphane (SFN), an epigenetically active phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, has shown promise in BC prevention. In addition, observational studies suggest that the life stage of phytochemical consumption may influence its anticancer properties. These life stages, called critical periods (CPs), are associated with rapid development and increased susceptibility to cellular damage. Puberty, a CP in which female breast tissue undergoes proliferation and differentiation, is of particular interest for later-life BC development. However, little is known about the importance of nutritional chemoprevention to CPs. We sought to address this by utilizing two estrogen receptor-negative [ER(-)] transgenic mouse models fed SFN-containing broccoli sprout extract during the critical period of puberty. We found that this treatment resulted in a significant decrease in tumor incidence and weight, as well as an increase in tumor latency. Further, we found significant alterations in the long-term expression of cancer-associated genes, including p21, p53, and BRCA2. Additionally, our transcriptomic analyses identified expressional changes in many cancer-associated genes, and bisulfite sequencing revealed that the antiproliferation-associated gene Erich4 was both hypomethylated and overexpressed in our experimental group. Our study indicates that dietary interventions during the CP of puberty may be important for later-life ER(-) BC prevention and highlights potential important genetic and epigenetic targets for treatment and study of the more deadly variants of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brane
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- University Wide Microbiome Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Aggressiveness In Vitro and In Vivo and Increases Osteopontin Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416028. [PMID: 36555673 PMCID: PMC9785574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern and one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. The definition of altered signaling pathways implicated in this complex disease is thus essential. In this context, abnormal expression of the receptor of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (M-CSF or CSF-1) has been described in prostate cancer cells. Yet, outcomes of this expression remain unknown. Using mouse and human prostate cancer cell lines, this study has investigated the functionality of the wild-type CSF-1 receptor in prostate tumor cells and identified molecular mechanisms underlying its ligand-induced activation. Here, we showed that upon CSF-1 binding, the receptor autophosphorylates and activates multiple signaling pathways in prostate tumor cells. Biological experiments demonstrated that the CSF-1R/CSF-1 axis conferred significant advantages in cell growth and cell invasion in vitro. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that CSF-1R expression promoted the aggressiveness of prostate tumor cells. In particular, we demonstrated that the ligand-activated CSF-1R increased the expression of spp1 transcript encoding for osteopontin, a key player in cancer development and metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights that the CSF-1 receptor is fully functional in a prostate cancer cell and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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12
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Zeng Q, Saghafinia S, Chryplewicz A, Fournier N, Christe L, Xie YQ, Guillot J, Yucel S, Li P, Galván JA, Karamitopoulou E, Zlobec I, Ataca D, Gallean F, Zhang P, Rodriguez-Calero JA, Rubin M, Tichet M, Homicsko K, Hanahan D. Aberrant hyperexpression of the RNA binding protein FMRP in tumors mediates immune evasion. Science 2022; 378:eabl7207. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many human cancers manifest the capability to circumvent attack by the adaptive immune system. In this work, we identified a component of immune evasion that involves frequent up-regulation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in solid tumors. FMRP represses immune attack, as revealed by cancer cells engineered to lack its expression. FMRP-deficient tumors were infiltrated by activated T cells that impaired tumor growth and enhanced survival in mice. Mechanistically, FMRP’s immunosuppression was multifactorial, involving repression of the chemoattractant C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) concomitant with up-regulation of three immunomodulators—interleukin-33 (IL-33), tumor-secreted protein S (PROS1), and extracellular vesicles. Gene signatures associate FMRP’s cancer network with poor prognosis and response to therapy in cancer patients. Collectively, FMRP is implicated as a regulator that orchestrates a multifaceted barrier to antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqun Zeng
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Saghafinia
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Chryplewicz
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucine Christe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Guillot
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simge Yucel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pumin Li
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José A. Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dalya Ataca
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | | | - Mark Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Byerley LO, Chang HM, Lorenzen B, Guidry J, Hardman WE. Impact of dietary walnuts, a nutraceutical option, on circulating markers of metabolic dysregulation in a rodent cachectic tumor model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113728. [PMID: 36152410 PMCID: PMC9618292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceutical foods, like walnuts which are rich in immunonutrients, can have medicinal benefits. Dietary walnuts have been shown to slow or prevent tumor growth in mice genetically programmed to grow breast or prostate tumors. This study investigated whether walnuts could exert the same preventable effect in a transplantable carcinoma rat model. METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly fed a diet containing walnuts (10% of food by weight), and 36 were fed a diet without walnuts (control) for 21 days. On day 22, 18 control diet rats were switched to the walnut diet. All other animals remained on their same diet. Within each diet group, 6 rats were implanted with the Ward colon carcinoma (TB), and 12 were sham-operated. Five days later, 6 sham-operated animals were weight-matched to a TB and then pair-fed for the remainder of the study. The remaining 6 sham-operated, or non-tumor-bearing rats, were ad-lib fed. RESULTS The tissue of the walnut-eating rats showed higher omega-3 fatty acid (immunonutrient) content which did not slow or prevent tumor growth or the loss of lean and fat mass typical of this TB model. In addition, blood glucose, insulin, IGF-1, and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the TB, demonstrating metabolic dysregulation. Again, these changes were unaltered by consuming walnuts. Plasma proteomics identified six proteins elevated in the TB, but none could be connected with the observed metabolic dysregulation. CONCLUSION Although walnuts' rich immunonutrient content prevented tumor growth in genetically programmed mice models, there was no effect in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri O Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Man Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, USA.
| | - Brittany Lorenzen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, USA.
| | - Jessie Guidry
- Proteomics Core Facility and The Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido, New Orleans, LA 70112-1393, USA.
| | - W Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
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14
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Basak D, Gregori L, Johora F, Deb S. Preclinical and Clinical Research Models of Prostate Cancer: A Brief Overview. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101607. [PMID: 36295041 PMCID: PMC9605520 DOI: 10.3390/life12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are on the rise which poses a major public health concern worldwide. In this narrative review, we have summarized the characteristics of major in vitro and in vivo PCa models including their utility in developing treatment strategies. Androgens, particularly, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway that facilitates the development and progression of castration resistant PCa. Several enzymes namely, CYP17A1, HSD17B, and SRD5A are essential to furnishing DHT from dehydroepiandrosterone in the classical pathway while DHT is formed from androstanediol in the backdoor pathway. The advancement in delineating the molecular heterogeneity of PCa has been possible through the development of several in vitro and in vivo research models. Generally, tissue culture models are advantageous to understand PCa biology and investigate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents; nevertheless, animal models are indispensable to studying the PCa etiology and treatment since they can simulate the tumor microenvironment that plays a central role in initiation and progression of the disease. Moreover, the availability of several genetically engineered mouse models has made it possible to study the metastasis process. However, the conventional models are not devoid of limitations. For example, the lack of heterogeneity in tissue culture models and the variation of metastatic characteristics in xenograft models are obviously challenging. Additionally, due to the racial and ethnic disparities in PCa pathophysiology, a new model that can represent PCa encompassing different ethnicities is urgently needed. New models should continue to evolve to address the genetic and molecular complexities as well as to further elucidate the finer details of the steroidogenic pathway associated with PCa.
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15
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Ould-Brahim F, Sau A, Carr DA, Jiang T, Pratt MC. Induction of alternative NF-κB within TAg-induced basal mammary tumors in activation-resistant inhibitor of κ-B kinase (IKKα) mutant mice. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:187-203. [DOI: 10.3233/tub-220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The alternative NF-κB pathway is activated by the NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) mediated phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κ-B kinase α (IKKα). IKKα then phosphorylates p100/NFKB2 to result in its processing to the active p52 subunit. Evidence suggests that basal breast cancers originate within a subpopulation of luminal progenitor cells which is expanded by signaling to IKKα. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of IKKα in the development of basal tumors. METHODS: Kinase dead IkkαAA/AA mice were crossed with the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of basal mammary cancer. Tumor growth and tumor numbers in WT and IkkαAA/AA mice were assessed and immunopathology, p52 expression and stem/progenitor 3D colony forming assays were performed. Nik-/- mammary glands were isolated and mammary colonies were characterized. RESULTS: While tumor growth was slower than in WT mice, IkkαAA/AA tumor numbers and pathology were indistinguishable from WT tumors. Both WT and IkkαAA/AA tumors expressed p52 except those IkkαAA/AA tumors where NIK, IKKαAA/AA and ErbB2 were undetectable. Colonies formed by WT and IkkαAA/AA mammary cells were nearly all luminal/acinar however, colony numbers and sizes derived from IkkαAA/AA cells were reduced. In contrast to IkkαAA/AA mice, virgin Nik-/- mammary glands were poorly developed and colonies were primarily derived from undifferentiated bipotent progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS: C3(1)-TAg induced mammary tumors express p100/p52 even without functional IKKα. Therefore the development of basal-like mammary cancer does not strictly rely on IKKα activation. Signal-induced stabilization of NIK may be sufficient to mediate processing of p100NFKB2 which can then support basal-like mammary tumor formation. Lastly, in contrast to the pregnancy specific role of IKKα in lobuloalveogenesis, NIK is obligatory for normal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Ould-Brahim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Sau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Carr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M.A. Christine Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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16
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Grasset EM, Dunworth M, Sharma G, Loth M, Tandurella J, Cimino-Mathews A, Gentz M, Bracht S, Haynes M, Fertig EJ, Ewald AJ. Triple-negative breast cancer metastasis involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal transition dynamics and requires vimentin. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn7571. [PMID: 35921474 PMCID: PMC9801390 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype associated with early metastatic recurrence and worse patient outcomes. TNBC tumors express molecular markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but its requirement during spontaneous TNBC metastasis in vivo remains incompletely understood. We demonstrated that spontaneous TNBC tumors from a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), multiple patient-derived xenografts, and archival patient samples exhibited large populations in vivo of hybrid E/M cells that lead invasion ex vivo while expressing both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. The mesenchymal marker vimentin promoted invasion and repressed metastatic outgrowth. We next tested the requirement for five EMT transcription factors and observed distinct patterns of utilization during invasion and colony formation. These differences suggested a sequential activation of multiple EMT molecular programs during the metastatic cascade. Consistent with this model, our longitudinal single-cell RNA analysis detected three different EMT-related molecular patterns. We observed cancer cells progressing from epithelial to hybrid E/M and strongly mesenchymal patterns during invasion and from epithelial to a hybrid E/M pattern during colony formation. We next investigated the relative epithelial versus mesenchymal state of cancer cells in both GEMM and patient metastases. In both contexts, we observed heterogeneity between and within metastases in the same individual. We observed a complex spectrum of epithelial, hybrid E/M, and mesenchymal cell states within metastases, suggesting that there are multiple successful molecular strategies for distant organ colonization. Together, our results demonstrate an important and complex role for EMT programs during TNBC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse M Grasset
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melanie Loth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph Tandurella
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashley Cimino-Mathews
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa Gentz
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sydney Bracht
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Meagan Haynes
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Gilson Sena IF, Fernandes LL, Lorandi LL, Santana TV, Cintra L, Lima IF, Iwai LK, Kramer JM, Birbrair A, Heller D. Identification of early biomarkers in saliva in genetically engineered mouse model C(3)1-TAg of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11544. [PMID: 35798767 PMCID: PMC9263110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of leading causes of death worldwide in the female population. Deaths from breast cancer could be reduced significantly through earlier and more efficient detection of the disease. Saliva, an oral fluid that contains an abundance of protein biomarkers, has been recognized as a promising diagnostic biofluid that is easy to isolate through non-invasive techniques. Assays on saliva can be performed rapidly and are cost-effective. Therefore, our work aimed to identify salivary biomarkers present in the initial stages of breast cancer, where cell alterations are not yet detectable by histopathological analysis. Using state-of-the-art techniques, we employed a transgenic mouse model of mammary cancer to identify molecular changes in precancerous stage breast cancer through protein analysis in saliva. Through corroborative molecular approaches, we established that proteins related to metabolic changes, inflammatory process and cell matrix degradation are detected in saliva at the onset of tumor development. Our work demonstrated that salivary protein profiles can be used to identify cellular changes associated with precancerous stage breast cancer through non-invasive means even prior to biopsy-evident disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ismael Feitosa Lima
- Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (LETA/CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leo Kei Iwai
- Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (LETA/CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Rm 4385, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Débora Heller
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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18
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Shen M, Wei Y, Kim H, Wan L, Jiang YZ, Hang X, Raba M, Remiszewski S, Rowicki M, Wu CG, Wu S, Zhang L, Lu X, Yuan M, Smith HA, Zheng A, Bertino J, Jin JF, Xing Y, Shao ZM, Kang Y. Small-molecule inhibitors that disrupt the MTDH-SND1 complex suppress breast cancer progression and metastasis. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:43-59. [PMID: 35121987 PMCID: PMC8818087 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a leading health burden worldwide. Previous studies have shown that metadherin (MTDH) promotes breast cancer initiation, metastasis and therapy resistance; however, the therapeutic potential of targeting MTDH remains largely unexplored. Here, we used genetically modified mice and demonstrate that genetic ablation of Mtdh inhibits breast cancer development through disrupting the interaction with staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing 1 (SND1), which is required to sustain breast cancer progression in established tumors. We performed a small-molecule compound screening to identify a class of specific inhibitors that disrupts the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between MTDH and SND1 and show that our lead candidate compounds C26-A2 and C26-A6 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis and enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our results demonstrate a significant therapeutic potential in targeting the MTDH-SND1 complex and identify a new class of therapeutic agents for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Hahn Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Princeton University Small Molecule Screening Center, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Rowicki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Cheng-Guo Wu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Songyang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, New Jersey; and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Heath A. Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aiping Zheng
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joseph Bertino
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John F. Jin
- Firebrand Therapeutics, 174 Nassaue Street, #331, Princeton, NJ, 08542, USA
| | - Yongna Xing
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch, Princeton, USA,Correspondence: Yibin Kang, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Biology, Washington Road, LTL 255, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, Phone: (609) 258-8834; Fax: (609) 258-2340,
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19
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Elisia I, Yeung M, Wong J, Kowalski S, Larsen M, Shyp T, Sorensen PH, krystal G. A low carbohydrate diet containing soy protein and fish oil reduces breast but not prostate cancer in C3(1)/Tag mice. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:115-125. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We recently showed that a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet containing soy protein and fish oil dramatically reduces lung nodules in a mouse model of lung cancer when compared to a Western diet. To explore the universality of this finding, we herein compared this low CHO diet to a Western diet on in preventing breast and prostate cancer using a mouse model that expresses the SV40 large T antigen specifically in breast epithelia in females and prostate epithelia in males. We found that breast cancer was significantly reduced with this low CHO diet and this correlated with a reduction in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IL-6, TNFα and PGE2. This also corresponded with a reduction in the Ki67 proliferation index within breast tumors. On the other hand, this low CHO diet did not reduce the incidence of prostate cancer in the male mice. Although it reduced both blood glucose and insulin to the same extent as in the female mice, there was no reduction in plasma IL-6, TNFα or PGE2 levels, nor in the Ki67 proliferation index in prostate lesions. Based on immunohistochemistry studies with antibodies to PFKFB3, CPT1a and FAS, it is likely that this difference in response of the two cancer types to this low CHO diet reflects differences in the glucose dependence of breast and prostate cancer, with the former being highly dependent on glucose for energy and the latter being more dependent on fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michelle Yeung
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wong
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sara Kowalski
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerald krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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20
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How Lineage Tracing Studies Can Unveil Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010003. [PMID: 35052683 PMCID: PMC8772890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage tracing studies have become a well-suited approach to reveal cellular hierarchies and tumor heterogeneity. Cellular heterogeneity, particularly in breast cancer, is still one of the main concerns regarding tumor progression and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge about lineage tracing analyses that have contributed to an improved comprehension of the complexity of mammary tumors, highlighting how targeting different mammary epithelial cells and tracing their progeny can be useful to explore the intra- and inter-heterogeneity observed in breast cancer. In addition, we examine the strategies used to identify the cell of origin in different breast cancer subtypes and summarize how cellular plasticity plays an important role during tumorigenesis. Finally, we evaluate the clinical implications of lineage tracing studies and the challenges remaining to address tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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21
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Seixas F, Ferreira R, Colaço B, Parada B, Oliveira PA. An overview of the latest in state-of-the-art murine models for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1349-1364. [PMID: 34224283 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1943354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex, heterogenous and multifocal disease, which is debilitating for patients and often fatal - due to bone metastasis and castration-resistant cancer. The use of murine models that mimic human disease has been crucial in the development of innovative therapies and for better understanding the mechanisms associated with initiation and progression of PCa. AREAS COVERED This review presents a critical analysis of murine models for the study of PCa, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and applications. EXPERT OPINION In animal models, disease may not occur exactly as it does in humans, and sometimes the levels of efficacy that certain treatments obtain in animal models cannot be translated into clinical practice. To choose the most appropriate animal model for each research work, it is crucial to understand the anatomical and physiological differences between the mouse and the human prostate, while it is also important to identify biological similarities and differences between murine and human prostate tumors. Although significant progress has already been made, thanks to many years of research and study, the number of new challenges and obstacles to overcome mean there is a long and difficult road still to travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (Icbr), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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22
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Regua AT, Arrigo A, Doheny D, Wong GL, Lo HW. Transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 516:73-83. [PMID: 34090924 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic breast cancer mouse models are critical tools for preclinical studies of human breast cancer. Genetic editing of the murine mammary gland allows for modeling of abnormal genetic events frequently found in human breast cancers. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of breast cancer employ tissue-specific genetic manipulation for tumorigenic induction within the mammary tissue. Under the transcriptional control of mammary-specific promoters, transgenic mouse models can simulate spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis by expressing one or more putative oncogenes, such as MYC, HRAS, and PIK3CA. Alternatively, the Cre-Lox system allows for tissue-specific deletion of tumor suppressors, such as p53, Rb1, and Brca1, or specific knock-in of putative oncogenes. Thus, GEMMs can be designed to implement one or more genetic events to induce mammary tumorigenesis. Features of GEMMs, such as age of transgene expression, breeding quality, tumor latency, histopathological characteristics, and propensity for local and distant metastasis, are variable and strain-dependent. This review aims to summarize currently available transgenic breast cancer mouse models that undergo spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis upon genetic manipulation, their varying characteristics, and their individual genetic manipulations that model aberrant signaling events observed in human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina T Regua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Austin Arrigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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23
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Su CY, Burchett A, Dunworth M, Choi JS, Ewald AJ, Ahn EH, Kim DH. Engineering a 3D collective cancer invasion model with control over collagen fiber alignment. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120922. [PMID: 34126408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior to cancer cell invasion, the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the tumor is remodeled, such that circumferentially oriented matrix fibers become radially aligned. This predisposed radially aligned matrix structure serves as a critical regulator of cancer invasion. However, a biomimetic 3D model recapitulating a tumor's behavioral response to these ECM structures is not yet available. In this study, we have developed a phase-specific, force-guided method to establish a 3D dual topographical tumor model in which each tumor spheroid/organoid is surrounded by radially aligned collagen I fibers on one side and circumferentially oriented fibers on the opposite side. A coaxial rotating cylinder system was employed to construct the dual fiber topography and to pre-seed tumor spheroids/organoids within a single device. This system enables the application of different force mechanisms in the nucleation and elongation phases of collagen fiber polymerization to guide fiber alignment. In the nucleation phase, fiber alignment is enhanced by a horizontal laminar Couette flow driven by the inner cylinder rotation. In the elongation phase, fiber growth is guided by a vertical gravitational force to form a large aligned collagen matrix gel (35 × 25 × 0.5 mm) embedded with >1000 tumor spheroids. The fibers above each tumor spheroid are radially aligned along the direction of gravitational force in contrast to the circumferentially oriented fibers beneath each tumor spheroid/organoid, where the presence of the tumor interferes with the gravity-induced fiber alignment. After tumor invasion, there are more disseminated multicellular clusters on the radially aligned side, compared to the side of the tumor spheroid/organoid facing circumferentially oriented fibers. These results indicate that our 3D dual topographical model recapitulates the preference of tumors to invade and disseminate along radially aligned fibers. We anticipate that this 3D dual topographical model will have broad utility to those studying collective tumor invasion and that it has the potential to identify cancer invasion-targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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24
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Sena IFG, Rocha BGS, Picoli CC, Santos GSP, Costa AC, Gonçalves BOP, Garcia APV, Soltani-Asl M, Coimbra-Campos LMC, Silva WN, Costa PAC, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Resende RR, Heller D, Cassali GD, Mintz A, Birbrair A. C(3)1-TAg in C57BL/6 J background as a model to study mammary tumor development. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:165-182. [PMID: 34003355 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer is based on disease staging identified through histopathological and molecular biology techniques. Animal models are used to gain mechanistic insights into the development of breast cancer. C(3)1-TAg is a genetically engineered mouse model that develops mammary cancer. However, carcinogenesis caused by this transgene was characterized in the Friend Virus B (FVB) background. As most genetic studies are done in mice with C57BL/6 J background, we aimed to define the histological alterations in C3(1)-TAg C57BL/6 J animals. Our results showed that C3(1)-TAg animals with C57BL/6 J background develop solid-basaloid adenoid cystic carcinomas with increased fibrosis, decreased area of adipocytes, and a high proliferative index, which are triple-negative for progesterone, estrogen, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors. Our results also revealed that tumor development is slower in the C57BL/6 J background when compared with the FVB strain, providing a better model to study the different stages in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora F G Sena
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G S Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bryan O P Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maryam Soltani-Asl
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Walison N Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro A C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jaime H Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of West Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Cellular and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Debora Heller
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Stanton SE, Gad E, Ramos E, Corulli L, Annis J, Childs J, Katayama H, Hanash S, Marks J, Disis ML. Tumor-associated autoantibodies from mouse breast cancer models are found in serum of breast cancer patients. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:50. [PMID: 33976232 PMCID: PMC8113561 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell responses to tumor antigens occur early in breast tumors and may identify immunogenic drivers of tumorigenesis. Sixty-two candidate antigens were identified prior to palpable tumor development in TgMMTV-neu and C3(1)Tag transgenic mouse mammary tumor models. Five antigens (VPS35, ARPC2, SERBP1, KRT8, and PDIA6) were selected because their decreased expression decreased survival in human HER2 positive and triple negative cell lines in a siRNA screen. Vaccination with antigen-specific epitopes, conserved between mouse and human, inhibited tumor growth in both transgenic mouse models. Increased IgG autoantibodies to the antigens were elevated in serum from women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC). The autoantibodies differentiated women with DCIS from control with AUC 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.98, p < 0.0001). The tumor antigens identified early in the development of breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor models were conserved in human disease, and potentially identify early diagnostic markers in human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Stanton
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ekram Gad
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erik Ramos
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Corulli
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Annis
- Quellos High Throughput Facility, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Childs
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Marks
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary L Disis
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Ion G, Akinsete JA, Witte TR, Bostan M, Hardman WE. Maternal fish oil consumption has a negative impact on mammary gland tumorigenesis in C3(1) Tag mice offspring. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3771-3781. [PMID: 33817748 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce the incidence and slow the growth of mammary gland cancer in rodent models. Since exposure to dietary components during the critical developmental times of gestation and lactation may alter risk for mammary gland cancer in females, we tested whether exposure to increased levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids from fish oils would be preventive or promotional to mammary gland cancer in the offspring. METHODS Normal SV129 female mice were fed AIN 76 diets containing either 10% corn oil (control, 50% omega 6, n-6) or 5% of an omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid concentrate (fish oil 60% n-3) + 5% canola oil (10% n-3 + 20% n-6). Females were then mated with C(3)1 TAg transgenic mice. At weaning (3 weeks), pups were randomized to either the corn (C) or fish oil (F) diet, 15-17 mice per group. Four experimental groups were generated: FF, FC, CF and CC. Tumor incidence and multiplicity were assessed at the following time points 120, 130 and 140 days of age. A panel of genes encoding signal transduction proteins were analyzed in mammary glands at 130 days. RESULTS Mice never exposed to fish oil (CC group) had a significantly higher incidence and multiplicity of mammary gland tumors than mice exposed to fish oil throughout life (FF group). Mice exposed to fish oil during a portion of life (CF or FC) had intermediate tumor incidences and multiplicities. Results also indicate that maternal consumption of fish oil increased the expression of genes associated with immune system activation (Ccl20, Cd5, Il2, Lef1, Lta). CONCLUSIONS Adequate omega-3 fatty acids in the maternal diet may reduce the risk for mammary gland cancer in the offspring. If humans make dietary change by consuming more omega-3 fat instead of corn oil with 0% omega 3 fat, breast cancer may be reduced in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ion
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA. .,Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucuresti, Romania.
| | - Juliana A Akinsete
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Kentucky Christian University, Grayson, KY, USA
| | - Theodore R Witte
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Marinela Bostan
- Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucuresti, Romania.
| | - W Elaine Hardman
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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27
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Zhao P, Jiang D, Huang Y, Chen C. EphA2: A promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:261-267. [PMID: 33962882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in human breast cancers often linked to poor patient prognosis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that EphA2 plays important roles in several critical processes associated with malignant breast progression, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis. As its inhibition through multiple approaches can inhibit the growth of breast cancer and restore drug sensitivity, EphA2 has become a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the expression, functions, mechanisms of action, and regulation of EphA2 in breast cancer. We also list the potential therapeutic strategies targeting EphA2. Furthermore, we discuss the future directions of studying EphA2 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of the First Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
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28
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Liu C, Wu P, Zhang A, Mao X. Advances in Rodent Models for Breast Cancer Formation, Progression, and Therapeutic Testing. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593337. [PMID: 33842308 PMCID: PMC8032937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly complicated disease. Advancement in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer lies in elucidation of the mechanism of carcinogenesis and progression. Rodent models of breast cancer have developed into premier tools for investigating the mechanisms and genetic pathways in breast cancer progression and metastasis and for developing and evaluating clinical therapeutics. Every rodent model has advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of appropriate rodent models with which to investigate breast cancer is a key decision in research. Design of a suitable rodent model for a specific research purpose is based on the integration of the advantages and disadvantages of different models. Our purpose in writing this review is to elaborate on various rodent models for breast cancer formation, progression, and therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ailin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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29
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Sauer S, Beinart D, Finn SMB, Kumar SL, Cheng Q, Hwang SE, Parker W, Devi GR. Hymenolepis diminuta-based helminth therapy in C3(1)-TAg mice does not alter breast tumor onset or progression. Evol Med Public Health 2021; 9:131-138. [PMID: 33738103 PMCID: PMC7953836 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An individual's risk of breast cancer is profoundly affected by evolutionary mismatch. Mismatches in Western society known to increase the risk of breast cancer include a sedentary lifestyle and reproductive factors. Biota alteration, characterized by a loss of biodiversity from the ecosystem of the human body as a result of Western society, is a mismatch known to increase the risk of a variety of inflammation-related diseases, including colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the effect of biota alteration on breast cancer has not been evaluated. METHODOLOGY In this study, we utilized the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of breast cancer to evaluate the role of biota alteration in the development of breast cancer. This model has been used to recapitulate the role of exercise and pregnancy in reducing the risk of breast cancer. C3(1)-TAg mice were treated with Hymenolepis diminuta, a benign helminth that has been shown to reverse the effects of biota alteration in animal models. RESULTS No effect of the helminth H. diminuta was observed. Neither the latency nor tumor growth was affected by the therapy, and no significant effects on tumor transcriptome were observed based on RNAseq analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that biota alteration, although known to affect a variety of Western-associated diseases, might not be a significant factor in the high rate of breast cancer observed in Western societies. LAY SUMMARY An almost complete loss of intestinal worms in high-income countries has led to increases in allergic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and perhaps colon cancer. However, in this study, results using laboratory mice suggest that loss of intestinal worms might not be associated with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dylan Beinart
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sade M B Finn
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sereena L Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shelley E Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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30
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Basic and translational breast cancer research relies heavily on experimental animal models. Ideally, such models for breast cancer should have commonality with human breast cancer in terms of tumor etiology, biological behavior, pathology, and response to therapeutics. This review introduces current progress in different breast cancer experimental animal models and analyzes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. Finally, we propose future research directions for breast cancer animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ce-Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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31
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Argueta DA, Aich A, Lei J, Kiven S, Nguyen A, Wang Y, Gu J, Zhao W, Gupta K. β-endorphin at the intersection of pain and cancer progression: Preclinical evidence. Neurosci Lett 2020; 744:135601. [PMID: 33387660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between endogenous opioid β-endorphin, cancer progression and pain in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, with a rat C3(1) simian virus 40 large tumor antigen fusion gene (C3TAg). C3TAg mice develop ductal epithelial atypia at 8 weeks, progression to intra-epithelial neoplasia at 12 weeks, and invasive carcinoma with palpable tumors at 16 weeks. Consistent with invasive carcinoma at 4 months of age, C3TAg mice demonstrate a significant increase in hyperalgesia compared to younger C3TAg or control FVBN mice without tumors. Our data show that the growing tumor contributes to circulating β-endorphin. As an endogenous ligand of mu opioid receptor, β-endorphin has analgesic activity. Paradoxically, we observed an increase in pain in transgenic breast cancer mice with significantly high circulating and tumor-associated β-endorphin. Increased circulating β-endorphin correlates with increasing tumor burden. β-endorphin induced the activation of mitogenic and survival-promoting signaling pathways, MAPK/ERK 1/2, STAT3 and Akt, observed by us in human MDA-MB-231 cells suggesting a role for β-endorphin in breast cancer progression and associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan A Argueta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anupam Aich
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jianxun Lei
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stacy Kiven
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aithanh Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joshua Gu
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Weian Zhao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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Ognjenovic NB, Bagheri M, Mohamed GA, Xu K, Chen Y, Mohamed Saleem MA, Brown MS, Nagaraj SH, Muller KE, Gerber SA, Christensen BC, Pattabiraman DR. Limiting Self-Renewal of the Basal Compartment by PKA Activation Induces Differentiation and Alters the Evolution of Mammary Tumors. Dev Cell 2020; 55:544-557.e6. [PMID: 33120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy utilizes our understanding of the hierarchy of cellular systems to pharmacologically induce a shift toward terminal commitment. While this approach has been a paradigm in treating certain hematological malignancies, efforts to translate this success to solid tumors have met with limited success. Mammary-specific activation of PKA in mouse models leads to aberrant differentiation and diminished self-renewing potential of the basal compartment, which harbors mammary repopulating cells. PKA activation results in tumors that are more benign, exhibiting reduced metastatic propensity, loss of tumor-initiating potential, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Analysis of tumor histopathology revealed features of overt differentiation with papillary characteristics. Longitudinal single-cell profiling at the hyperplasia and tumor stages uncovered an altered path of tumor evolution whereby PKA curtails the emergence of aggressive subpopulations. Acting through the repression of SOX4, PKA activation promotes tumor differentiation and represents a possible adjuvant to chemotherapy for certain breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena B Ognjenovic
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Gadisti Aisha Mohamed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Youdinghuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Meredith S Brown
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kristen E Muller
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diwakar R Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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33
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Mustafi D, Valek R, Fitch M, Werner V, Fan X, Markiewicz E, Fernandez S, Zamora M, Mueller J, Olopade OI, Conzen SD, Brady MJ, Karczmar GS. Magnetic resonance angiography reveals increased arterial blood supply and tumorigenesis following high fat feeding in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4363. [PMID: 32881124 PMCID: PMC8034829 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women globally. Past MRI studies have linked a high animal fat diet (HAFD) to increased mammary cancer risk in the SV40Tag mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Here, serial MRI examines tumor progression and measures the arterial blood volume feeding mammary glands in low fat diet (LFD) or HAFD fed mice. Virgin female C3(1)SV40Tag mice (n = 8), weaned at 3 weeks old, were assigned to an LFD (n = 4, 3.7 kcal/g, 17.2% kcal from vegetable oil) or an HAFD (n = 4, 5.3 kcal/g, 60% kcal from lard) group. From ages 8 to 12 weeks, weekly fast spin echo MR images and time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography of inguinal mammary glands were acquired at 9.4 T. Following in vivo MRI, mice were sacrificed. Inguinal mammary glands were excised and fixed for ex vivo MRI and histology. Tumor, blood, and mammary gland volumes for each time point were measured from manually traced regions of interest; tumors were classified as invasive by histopathology-blinded observers. Our analysis confirmed a strong correlation between total tumor volume and blood volume in the mammary gland. Tumor growth rates from weeks 8-12 were twice as high in HAFD-fed mice (0.42 ± 0.14/week) as in LFD-fed mice (0.21 ± 0.03/week), p < 0.004. Mammary gland blood volume growth rate was 2.2 times higher in HAFD mice (0.29 ± 0.11/week) compared with LFD mice (0.13 ± 0.06/week), p < 0.02. The mammary gland growth rate of HAFD-fed mice (0.071 ± 0.011/week) was 2.7 times larger than that of LFD-fed mice (0.026 ± 0.009/week), p < 0.01. This is the first non-invasive, in vivo MRI study to demonstrate a strong correlation between an HAFD and increased cancer burden and blood volume in mammary cancer without using contrast agents, strengthening the evidence supporting the adverse effects of an HAFD on mammary cancer. These results support the potential future use of TOF angiography to evaluate vasculature of suspicious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Rebecca Valek
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Michael Fitch
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Victoria Werner
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Erica Markiewicz
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Sully Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Marta Zamora
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Jeffrey Mueller
- Department of Pathology, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 6063
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 6063
| | - Suzanne D. Conzen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 6063
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Gregory S. Karczmar
- Department of Radiology, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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34
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Cellular and Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Models for Basic and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092651. [PMID: 32957478 PMCID: PMC7563251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular progression of prostate cancer is complex and elusive. Biological research relies heavily on in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to examine gene functions and responses to the external agents in laboratory and preclinical settings. Over the years, several models have been developed and found to be very helpful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer. Here we describe these models in the context of available information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer to suggest their potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research. The information discussed herein should serve as a hands-on resource for scholars engaged in prostate cancer research or to those who are making a transition to explore the complex biology of prostate cancer. Abstract We have witnessed noteworthy progress in our understanding of prostate cancer over the past decades. This basic knowledge has been translated into efficient diagnostic and treatment approaches leading to the improvement in patient survival. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer appears to be complex, and histological findings often do not provide an accurate assessment of disease aggressiveness and future course. Moreover, we also witness tremendous racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and clinical outcomes necessitating a deeper understanding of molecular and mechanistic bases of prostate cancer. Biological research heavily relies on model systems that can be easily manipulated and tested under a controlled experimental environment. Over the years, several cancer cell lines have been developed representing diverse molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. In addition, several animal models have been developed to demonstrate the etiological molecular basis of the prostate cancer. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft and 3-D culture models have also been created and utilized in preclinical research. This review is an attempt to succinctly discuss existing information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer. We also discuss available model systems and their tested and potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research.
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Chan IS, Knútsdóttir H, Ramakrishnan G, Padmanaban V, Warrier M, Ramirez JC, Dunworth M, Zhang H, Jaffee EM, Bader JS, Ewald AJ. Cancer cells educate natural killer cells to a metastasis-promoting cell state. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202001134. [PMID: 32645139 PMCID: PMC7480097 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have potent antitumor and antimetastatic activity. It is incompletely understood how cancer cells escape NK cell surveillance. Using ex vivo and in vivo models of metastasis, we establish that keratin-14+ breast cancer cells are vulnerable to NK cells. We then discovered that exposure to cancer cells causes NK cells to lose their cytotoxic ability and promote metastatic outgrowth. Gene expression comparisons revealed that healthy NK cells have an active NK cell molecular phenotype, whereas tumor-exposed (teNK) cells resemble resting NK cells. Receptor-ligand analysis between teNK cells and tumor cells revealed multiple potential targets. We next showed that treatment with antibodies targeting TIGIT, antibodies targeting KLRG1, or small-molecule inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DMNT) each reduced colony formation. Combinations of DNMT inhibitors with anti-TIGIT or anti-KLRG1 antibodies further reduced metastatic potential. We propose that NK-directed therapies targeting these pathways would be effective in the adjuvant setting to prevent metastatic recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S. Chan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hildur Knútsdóttir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gayathri Ramakrishnan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manisha Warrier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
| | - Juan Carlos Ramirez
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Josef Ewald
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
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36
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Bridges AE, Ramachandran S, Pathania R, Parwal U, Lester A, Rajpurohit P, Morera DS, Patel N, Singh N, Korkaya H, Manicassamy S, Prasad PD, Lokeshwar VB, Lokeshwar BL, Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M. RAD51AP1 Deficiency Reduces Tumor Growth by Targeting Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3855-3866. [PMID: 32665355 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) plays an integral role in homologous recombination by activating RAD51 recombinase. Homologous recombination is essential for preserving genome integrity and RAD51AP1 is critical for D-loop formation, a key step in homologous recombination. Although RAD51AP1 is involved in maintaining genomic stability, recent studies have shown that RAD51AP1 expression is significantly upregulated in human cancers. However, the functional role of RAD51AP1 in tumor growth and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) by which RAD51AP1 regulates tumorigenesis have not been fully understood. Here, we use Rad51ap1-knockout mice in genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer to unravel the role of RAD51AP1 in tumor growth and metastasis. RAD51AP1 gene transcript was increased in both luminal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and basal triple-negative breast cancer, which is associated with poor prognosis. Conversely, knockdown of RAD51AP1 (RADP51AP1 KD) in breast cancer cell lines reduced tumor growth. Rad51ap1-deficient mice were protected from oncogene-driven spontaneous mouse mammary tumor growth and associated lung metastasis. In vivo, limiting dilution studies provided evidence that Rad51ap1 plays a critical role in breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) self-renewal. RAD51AP1 KD improved chemotherapy and radiotherapy response by inhibiting BCSC self-renewal and associated pluripotency. Overall, our study provides genetic and biochemical evidences that RAD51AP1 is critical for tumor growth and metastasis by increasing BCSC self-renewal and may serve as a novel target for chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides in vivo evidence that RAD51AP1 plays a critical role in breast cancer growth and metastasis by regulating breast cancer stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sabarish Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Rajneesh Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Utkarsh Parwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne Lester
- Depatment of Undergraduate Health Professions, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daley S Morera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Puttur D Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vinata B Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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37
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Hagerling C, Owyong M, Sitarama V, Wang CY, Lin C, van den Bijgaart RJE, Koopman CD, Brenot A, Nanjaraj A, Wärnberg F, Jirström K, Klein OD, Werb Z, Plaks V. LGR5 in breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ: a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:542. [PMID: 32522170 PMCID: PMC7285764 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers are required to discern between breast tumors that should be targeted for treatment from those that would never become clinically apparent and/or life threatening for patients. Moreover, therapeutics that specifically target breast cancer (BC) cells with tumor-initiating capacity to prevent recurrence are an unmet need. We investigated the clinical importance of LGR5 in BC and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to explore LGR5 as a biomarker and a therapeutic target. METHODS We stained BC (n = 401) and DCIS (n = 119) tissue microarrays with an antibody against LGR5. We examined an LGR5 knockdown ER- cell line that was orthotopically transplanted and used for in vitro colony assays. We also determined the tumor-initiating role of Lgr5 in lineage-tracing experiments. Lastly, we transplanted ER- patient-derived xenografts into mice that were subsequently treated with a LGR5 antibody drug conjugate (anti-LGR5-ADC). RESULTS LGR5 expression correlated with small tumor size, lower grade, lymph node negativity, and ER-positivity. ER+ patients with LGR5high tumors rarely had recurrence, while high-grade ER- patients with LGR5high expression recurred and died due to BC more often. Intriguingly, all the DCIS patients who later died of BC had LGR5-positive tumors. Colony assays and xenograft experiments substantiated a role for LGR5 in ER- tumor initiation and subsequent growth, which was further validated by lineage-tracing experiments in ER- /triple-negative BC mouse models. Importantly, by utilizing LGR5high patient-derived xenografts, we showed that anti-LGR5-ADC should be considered as a therapeutic for high-grade ER- BC. CONCLUSION LGR5 has distinct roles in ER- vs. ER+ BC with potential clinical applicability as a biomarker to identify patients in need of therapy and could serve as a therapeutic target for high-grade ER- BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Hagerling
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA. .,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. .,Present Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mark Owyong
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Sitarama
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Charlene Lin
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Renske J E van den Bijgaart
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.,Present Address: Radiotherapy and Oncoimmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte D Koopman
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.,Present Address: Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584CM, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Audrey Brenot
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.,Present Address: ICCE Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ankitha Nanjaraj
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Fredrik Wärnberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Vicki Plaks
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA. .,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.
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38
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Christin JR, Wang C, Chung CY, Liu Y, Dravis C, Tang W, Oktay MH, Wahl GM, Guo W. Stem Cell Determinant SOX9 Promotes Lineage Plasticity and Progression in Basal-like Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107742. [PMID: 32521267 PMCID: PMC7658810 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage plasticity is important for the development of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), an aggressive cancer subtype. While BLBC is likely to originate from luminal progenitor cells, it acquires substantial basal cell features and contains a heterogenous collection of cells exhibiting basal, luminal, and hybrid phenotypes. Why luminal progenitors are prone to BLBC transformation and what drives luminal-to-basal reprogramming remain unclear. Here, we show that the transcription factor SOX9 acts as a determinant for estrogen-receptor-negative (ER-) luminal stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs). SOX9 controls LSPC activity in part by activating both canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Inactivation of TP53 and RB via expression of SV40 TAg in a BLBC mouse tumor model leads to upregulation of SOX9, which drives luminal-to-basal reprogramming in vivo. Furthermore, SOX9 deletion inhibits the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-like lesions to invasive carcinoma. These data show that ER- LSPC determinant SOX9 acts as a lineage plasticity driver for BLBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Christin
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christopher Dravis
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonic Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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39
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Lv X, Dobrolecki LE, Ding Y, Rosen JM, Lewis MT, Chen X. Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32478757 DOI: 10.3791/61173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic response are critical for translational breast cancer research. Immortalized cell lines are easy to grow and genetically modify to study molecular mechanisms, yet the selective pressure from cell culture often leads to genetic and epigenetic alterations over time. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models faithfully recapitulate the heterogeneity and drug response of human breast tumors. PDX models exhibit a relatively short latency after orthotopic transplantation that facilitates the investigation of breast tumor biology and drug response. The transplantable genetically engineered mouse models allow the study of breast tumor immunity. The current protocol describes the method to orthotopically transplant breast tumor fragments into the mammary fat pad followed by drug treatments. These preclinical models provide valuable approaches to investigate breast tumor biology, drug response, biomarker discovery and mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lv
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine;
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine;
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40
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Sipe LM, Chaib M, Pingili AK, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:220-239. [PMID: 32320071 PMCID: PMC7841960 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known facilitators of nutrient absorption but recent paradigm shifts now recognize BAs as signaling molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver with subsequent microbial modification and fermentation adding complexity to pool composition. Bile acids act on several receptors such as Farnesoid X Receptor and the G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5). Interestingly, BA receptors (BARs) are expressed on immune cells and activation either by BAs or BAR agonists modulates innate and adaptive immune cell populations skewing their polarization toward a more tolerogenic anti-inflammatory phenotype. Intriguingly, recent evidence also suggests that BAs promote anti-tumor immune response through activation and recruitment of tumoricidal immune cells such as natural killer T cells. These exciting findings have redefined BA signaling in health and disease wherein they may suppress inflammation on the one hand, yet promote anti-tumor immunity on the other hand. In this review, we provide our readers with the most recent understanding of the interaction of BAs with the host microbiome, their effect on innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease with a special focus on obesity, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, and immune checkpoint blockade in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ajeeth K. Pingili
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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41
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Statin-induced GGPP depletion blocks macropinocytosis and starves cells with oncogenic defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4158-4168. [PMID: 32051246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917938117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display novel characteristics which can be exploited for therapeutic advantage. Isolated studies have shown that 1) the mevalonate pathway and 2) increased macropinocytosis are important in tumorigenesis, but a connection between these two observations has not been envisioned. A library screen for compounds that selectively killed Dictyostelium pten - cells identified pitavastatin. Pitavastatin also killed human breast epithelial MCF10A cells lacking PTEN or expressing K-RasG12V, as well as mouse tumor organoids. The selective killing of cells with oncogenic defects was traced to GGPP (geranylgeranyl diphosphate) depletion. Disruption of GGPP synthase in Dictyostelium revealed that GGPP is needed for pseudopod extension and macropinocytosis. Fluid-phase uptake through macropinocytosis is lower in PTEN-deleted cells and, as reported previously, higher in cells expressing activated Ras. Nevertheless, uptake was more sensitive to pitavastatin in cells with either of these oncogenic mutations than in wild-type cells. Loading the residual macropinosomes after pitavastatin with high concentrations of protein mitigated the cell death, indicating that defective macropinocytosis leads to amino acid starvation. Our studies suggest that the dependence of cancer cells on the mevalonate pathway is due to the role of GGPP in macropinocytosis and the reliance of these cells on macropinocytosis for nutrient uptake. Thus, inhibition of the networks mediating these processes is likely to be effective in cancer intervention.
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42
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Georgess D, Padmanaban V, Sirka OK, Coutinho K, Choi A, Frid G, Neumann NM, Inoue T, Ewald AJ. Twist1-Induced Epithelial Dissemination Requires Prkd1 Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 80:204-218. [PMID: 31676574 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination is an essential early step in metastasis but its molecular basis remains incompletely understood. To define the essential targetable effectors of this process, we developed a 3D mammary epithelial culture model, in which dissemination is induced by overexpression of the transcription factor Twist1. Transcriptomic analysis and ChIP-PCR together demonstrated that protein kinase D1 (Prkd1) is a direct transcriptional target of Twist1 and is not expressed in the normal mammary epithelium. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of Prkd1 in the Twist1-induced dissemination model demonstrated that Prkd1 was required for cells to initiate extracellular matrix (ECM)-directed protrusions, release from the epithelium, and migrate through the ECM. Antibody-based protein profiling revealed that Prkd1 induced broad phosphorylation changes, including an inactivating phosphorylation of β-catenin and two microtubule depolymerizing phosphorylations of Tau, potentially explaining the release of cell-cell contacts and persistent activation of Prkd1. In patients with breast cancer, TWIST1 and PRKD1 expression correlated with metastatic recurrence, particularly in basal breast cancer. Prkd1 knockdown was sufficient to block dissemination of both murine and human mammary tumor organoids. Finally, Prkd1 knockdown in vivo blocked primary tumor invasion and distant metastasis in a mouse model of basal breast cancer. Collectively, these data identify Prkd1 as a novel and targetable signaling node downstream of Twist1 that is required for epithelial invasion and dissemination. SIGNIFICANCE: Twist1 is a known regulator of metastatic cell behaviors but not directly targetable. This study provides a molecular explanation for how Twist1-induced dissemination works and demonstrates that it can be targeted. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/2/204/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Georgess
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Orit Katarina Sirka
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kester Coutinho
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alex Choi
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabriela Frid
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neil M Neumann
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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43
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Lang JE, Tseng WW, Kang I. Editorial: A Novel Monoclonal Antibody-Targeting Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:4188-4190. [PMID: 31502016 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Lang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - William W Tseng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Padmanaban V, Krol I, Suhail Y, Szczerba BM, Aceto N, Bader JS, Ewald AJ. E-cadherin is required for metastasis in multiple models of breast cancer. Nature 2019; 573:439-444. [PMID: 31485072 PMCID: PMC7365572 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major driver of cancer deaths and begins when cancer cells invade surrounding tissues. Invasion and metastasis have been proposed to initiate following loss of the intercellular adhesion protein, E-cadherin (E-cad)1,2, based upon inverse correlations between in vitro migration and E-cad levels3. This hypothesis is inconsistent, however, with the observation that most breast cancers are invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and express E-cad in primary tumors and metastases4. To resolve this discrepancy, we tested the genetic requirement for E-cad in metastasis using murine and human models of both luminal and basal IDC. Here we show that E-cad promotes metastasis in IDC. While loss of E-cad increased invasion, it also reduced cancer cell proliferation and survival, circulating tumor cell number, seeding of cancer cells in distant organs, and metastasis formation. Transcriptionally, loss of E-cad was associated with upregulation of TGFβ, reactive oxygen, and apoptosis signaling pathways. At the cellular level, disseminating E-cad-negative cells exhibited nuclear enrichment of SMAD2/3, oxidative stress, and elevated apoptosis rates. Colony formation of E-cad-negative cells was rescued by inhibition of TGFβ receptor signaling, reactive oxygen accumulation, or apoptosis. Our results reveal that E-cad acts as a survival factor in IDC during the detachment, systemic dissemination, and seeding phases of metastasis by limiting reactive oxygen-mediated apoptosis. Identifying molecular strategies to inhibit E-cad mediated survival in metastatic breast cancer cells could potentially be a new therapeutic approach for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Padmanaban
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Krol
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara M Szczerba
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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45
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Swiatnicki MR, Andrechek ER. How to Choose a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer, a Genomic Perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:231-243. [PMID: 31227983 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with numerous subtypes that have been defined through immunohistological, histological, and gene expression patterns. The diversity of breast cancer has made the study of its various underlying causes complex. To facilitate the examination of particular facets of breast cancer, mouse models have been generated, ranging from carcinogen induced models to genetically engineered mice. While mouse models have been generated to mimic the initiating event, including p53 loss, BRCA loss, or overexpression of HER2 / Neu / erbB2, other genomic events are often not well characterized. However, these secondary genetic events are often critical to the mouse tumor evolution, subtype, and outcome, just as they are in human breast cancer. As such, these other genomic events are a critical component of what models are chosen to study specific subtypes of human breast cancer. Here we review the genomic analyses that have been completed for various genetically engineered mouse models, how they compare to human breast cancer, and detail how this information can be used in choosing a mouse model for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Swiatnicki
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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46
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Moorehead RA. Rodent Models Assessing Mammary Tumor Prevention by Soy or Soy Isoflavones. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E566. [PMID: 31357528 PMCID: PMC6722900 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While epidemiological studies performed in Asian countries generally show that high levels of dietary soy are associated with reduced breast cancer risk, studies in Western countries have typically failed to show this correlation. In an attempt to model the preventative actions of soy on mammary tumor development, rodent models have been employed. Thirty-four studies were identified that evaluated the impact of soy products or purified soy isoflavones on mammary tumor initiation (studies evaluating established mammary tumors or mammary tumor cell lines were not included) and these studies were separated into mammary tumors induced by chemical carcinogens or transgenic expression of oncogenes based on the timing of soy administration. Regardless of when soy-based diets or purified isoflavones were administered, no consistent protective effects were observed in either carcinogen-induced or oncogene-induced mammary tumors. While some studies demonstrated that soy or purified isoflavones could reduce mammary tumor incidence, other studies showed either no effect or tumor promoting effects of soy products or isoflavones. Most importantly, only five studies found a decrease in mammary tumor incidence and six studies observed a decrease in tumor multiplicity, two relevant measures of the tumor preventative effects of soy or isoflavones. The variable outcomes of the studies examined were not completely surprising given that few studies employed the same experimental design. Future studies should be carefully designed to more accurately emulate soy consumption observed in Asian cultures including lifetime exposure to less refined soy products and potentially the incorporation of multigenerational feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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47
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Rotondo JC, Mazzoni E, Bononi I, Tognon M, Martini F. Association Between Simian Virus 40 and Human Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:670. [PMID: 31403031 PMCID: PMC6669359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a small DNA tumor virus of monkey origin. This polyomavirus was administered to human populations mainly through contaminated polio vaccines, which were produced in naturally infected SV40 monkey cells. Previous molecular biology and recent immunological assays have indicated that SV40 is spreading in human populations, independently from earlier SV40-contaminated vaccines. SV40 DNA sequences have been detected at a higher prevalence in specific human cancer specimens, such as the brain and bone tumors, malignant pleural mesotheliomas, and lymphoproliferative disorders, compared to the corresponding normal tissues/specimens. However, other investigations, which reported negative data, did not confirm an association between SV40 and human tumors. To circumvent the controversies, which have arisen because of these molecular biology studies, immunological researches with newly developed indirect ELISA tests were carried out in serum samples from patients affected by the same kind of tumors as mentioned above. These innovative indirect ELISAs employ synthetic peptides as mimotopes/specific SV40 antigens. SV40 mimotopes do not cross-react with the homologous human polyomaviruses, BKPyV, and JCPyV. Immunological data obtained from indirect ELISAs, using SV40 mimotopes, employed to analyze serum samples from oncological patients, have indicated that these sera had a higher prevalence of antibodies against SV40 compared to healthy subjects. The main data on (i) the biology and genetics of SV40; (ii) the epidemiology of SV40 in the general population, (iii) the mechanisms of SV40 transformation; (iv) the putative role of SV40 in the onset/progression of specific human tumors, and (v) its association with other human diseases are reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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48
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Zhu Y, Cao Z, Lu C. Microfluidic MeDIP-seq for low-input methylomic analysis of mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Analyst 2019; 144:1904-1915. [PMID: 30631869 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of dynamic epigenomic changes during tumorigenesis using mice often require profiling epigenomes using a tiny quantity of tissue samples. Conventional epigenomic tests do not support such analysis due to the large amount of materials required by these assays. In this study, we developed an ultrasensitive microfluidics-based methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) technology for profiling methylomes using as little as 0.5 ng DNA (or ∼100 cells) with 1.5 h on-chip process for immunoprecipitation. This technology enabled us to examine genome-wide DNA methylation in a C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen transgenic mouse model during different stages of mammary cancer development. Using our data, we identified differentially methylated regions and their associated genes in different periods of cancer development. Our results showed that unique methylomic features were presented in various tumor developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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49
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Tian L, Truong MJ, Lagadec C, Adriaenssens E, Bouchaert E, Bauderlique-Le Roy H, Figeac M, Le Bourhis X, Bourette RP. s-SHIP Promoter Expression Identifies Mouse Mammary Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:10-20. [PMID: 31204299 PMCID: PMC6626869 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During normal mammary gland development, s-SHIP promoter expression marks a distinct type of mammary stem cells, at two different stages, puberty and early mid-pregnancy. To determine whether s-SHIP is a marker of mammary cancer stem cells (CSCs), we generated bitransgenic mice by crossing the C3(1)-SV40 T-antigen transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, and a transgenic mouse (11.5kb-GFP) expressing green fluorescent protein from the s-SHIP promoter. Here we show that in mammary tumors originating in these bitransgenic mice, s-SHIP promoter expression enriches a rare cell population with CSC activity as demonstrated by sphere-forming assays in vitro and limiting dilution transplantation in vivo. These s-SHIP-positive CSCs are characterized by lower expression of Delta-like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1), a negative regulator of the Notch pathway. Inactivation of Dlk1 in s-SHIP-negative tumor cells increases their tumorigenic potential, suggesting a role for DLK1 in mammary cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, CS 54447, Lille Cedex 59000/59021, France
| | - Marie-José Truong
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, CS 54447, Lille Cedex 59000/59021, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- Université de Lille, INSERM U908 - CPAC - Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Lille 59000, France
| | - Eric Adriaenssens
- Université de Lille, INSERM U908 - CPAC - Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Lille 59000, France
| | | | | | - Martin Figeac
- Functional Genomics Platform, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- Université de Lille, INSERM U908 - CPAC - Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Lille 59000, France
| | - Roland P Bourette
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, CS 54447, Lille Cedex 59000/59021, France.
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50
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Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling is essential for normal biological processes and disruption of this regulation can lead to tumor initiation and progression. Cbl proteins (Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c) are a family of RING finger (RF) ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate a variety of RTKs, including EGFR, MET, and RET. Recent studies have identified Cbl mutations associated with human myeloid neoplasias in approximately 5% of the cases. Cbl-c is the most recently identified human Cbl protein and is expressed exclusively in epithelial cells. We identified a novel cDNA that was isolated from a mouse mammary cancer from the C3(1) Large T Antigen transgenic model. This mutant cDNA encodes a protein that has a deletion in the RF domain of Cbl-c, thereby resembling known Cbl family mutations associated with myeoloid neoplasias. Genomic analysis of both parental and transgenic lines shows no evidence of germline mutation indicating that this mutation is likely a somatic mutation. The mutant protein enhances transformation of NIH 3T3 cells when expressed in combination with SV40 Large T antigen. Together these data are consistent with a second hit mutation. In overexpression studies, this mutant Cbl-c protein fails to mediate ubiquitination of activated EGFR and acts in a dominant negative fashion to prevent ubiquitination and downregulation of the activated EGFR by wild type Cbl proteins. Mechanistically, the mutant Cbl-c binds to the EGFR and prevents recruitment of the wild type Cbl protein. Furthermore, data mining reveals Cbl-c mutations associated with solid tumors in humans. Subsequent cell-based analysis demonstrates a similar loss of E3 function and dominant negative effects for one of these human mutations. These data suggest that like Cbl mutations in myeloid neoplasms, loss of Cbl-c function may contribute to the pathogenesis of solid tumors in murine models and in humans.
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