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Weng W, Zhang B, Deng D. P16 INK4A drives RB1 degradation by UTP14A-catalyzed K810 ubiquitination. iScience 2024; 27:110882. [PMID: 39351198 PMCID: PMC11440251 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
P16INK4A expression is inversely associated with RB1 expression in cancer cells, and P16INK4A inhibits CDK4-catalyzed RB1 phosphorylation. How P16INK4A and RB1 coordinately express and regulate the cell cycle remains to be studied. In the present study, we found that P16INK4A upregulated the E3 ligase UTP14A, which led to the ubiquitination of RB1 at K810 and RB1 degradation. P16INK4A loss consistently disrupted the UTP14A-mediated degradation of RB1 and caused RB1 accumulation. Functionally, P16INK4A loss inhibited RB1 ubiquitination in a cell cycle progression-independent fashion and inhibited proteome-scale ubiquitination in a cell cycle progression-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that there is a negative feedback loop between P16INK4A and RB1 expression and that disruption of this loop may partially rescue the biological outcomes of P16INK4A loss. We also revealed a hitherto unknown function for P16 INK4A in regulating proteome-scale ubiquitination by inhibiting cell proliferation, which may be useful for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing) Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing) Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing) Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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2
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McBride AA. Human malignancies associated with persistent HPV infection. Oncologist 2024; 29:457-464. [PMID: 38630576 PMCID: PMC11144980 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies account for ~5% of human cancers worldwide. Thirteen, or more, HPV types are oncogenic, but infection with these viruses is common and usually cleared within 2 years. Only infections that become persistent are associated with the development of cancer, often occurring several decades later. These cancers mostly arise in 6 different anatomical regions: 5 are anogenital (anus, cervix, penis, vagina, and vulva) and the sixth is the oropharynx. Oncogenic HPVs promote cellular proliferation and genomic instability, but the anatomical niche of the target tissue also plays an important role in the development of cancer. Cells that reside in transitional regions between different types of epithelia, such as in the anus, cervix, and oropharynx, are particularly vulnerable to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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3
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Baraban EG, Elias R, Lin MT, Ged Y, Zhu J, Pallavajjala A, Singla N, Lotan TL, Argani P, Eshleman JR, Epstein JI. High-Grade, Nonsarcomatoid Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Series of 22 Cases With Novel Molecular Features on a Subset. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100472. [PMID: 38492778 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is the third most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma and typically exhibits indolent behavior, though a rare subset can exhibit high-grade morphologic features and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although there are limited data on the molecular characteristics of metastatic and sarcomatoid ChRCC, the molecular features of high-grade, nonsarcomatoid ChRCC remain unexplored. Herein, we characterize 22 cases of ChRCC with high-grade, nonsarcomatoid components. High-grade ChRCC frequently demonstrated advanced stage at diagnosis (64% ≥pT3a or N1), with regions of extrarenal extension, nodal metastases, and vascular invasion consisting solely of high-grade ChRCC morphologically. We performed spatially guided panel-based DNA sequencing on 11 cases comparing high-grade and low-grade regions (n = 22 samples). We identified recurring somatic alterations emblematic of ChRCC, including deletions of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21 in 91% (10/11) of cases and recurring mutations in TP53 (81.8%, n = 9/11) and PTEN (36.4%, n = 4/11). Notably, although PTEN and TP53 alterations were found in both high-grade and low-grade regions, private mutations were identified in 3 cases, indicating convergent evolution. Finally, we identified recurring RB1 mutations in 27% (n = 3) of high-grade regions leading to selective protein loss by immunohistochemistry not observed in adjacent low-grade regions. This finding was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort where 2 of 66 cases contained RB1 mutations and demonstrated unequivocal high-grade, nonsarcomatoid morphology. We also detected multiple chromosomal gains confined to the high-grade regions, consistent with imbalanced chromosome duplication. These findings broaden our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ChRCC and suggest that subclonal RB1 mutations can drive the evolution to high-grade, nonsarcomatoid ChRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra G Baraban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Roy Elias
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ming-Tseh Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yasser Ged
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Nirmish Singla
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pedram Argani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James R Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan I Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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4
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Abu Al Karsaneh O, Al Anber A, AlMustafa S, AlMa’aitah H, AlQadri B, Igbaria A, Tayem R, Khasawneh M, Batayha S, Saleh T, ALQudah M, Sughayer M. Human Papillomavirus Is Rare and Does Not Correlate with p16 INK4A Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in a Jordanian Subpopulation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:660. [PMID: 38674306 PMCID: PMC11052093 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) was previously investigated in lung cancer with wide inter-geographic discrepancies. p16INK4a has been used as a surrogate for detecting high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) in some cancer types. This study assessed the evidence of HPV in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among Jordanian patients, investigated the expression of p16INK4a, and evaluated its prognostic value and association with HPV status. Materials and Methods: The archived samples of 100 patients were used. HPV DNA detection was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). p16INK4a expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer protocol (AJCC) of head and neck cancer criteria were applied to evaluate p16INK4a positivity considering a moderate/strong nuclear/cytoplasmic expression intensity with a distribution in ≥75% of cells as positive. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 5% of NSCLC cases. Three positive cases showed HR-HPV subtypes (16, 18, 52), and two cases showed the probable HR-HPV 26 subtype. p16INK4a expression was positive in 20 (20%) NSCLC cases. None of the HPV-positive tumors were positive for p16INK4a expression. A statistically significant association was identified between p16INK4a expression and the pathological stage (p = 0.029) but not with other variables. No survival impact of p16INK4a expression was detected in NSCLC cases as a group; however, it showed a statistically significant association with overall survival (OS) in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cases (p = 0.033). Conclusions: This is the first study to assess HPV and p16INK4a expression in a Jordanian population. HPV positivity is rare in NSCLC among a Jordanian subpopulation. P16 INK4a reliability as a surrogate marker for HPV infection in lung cancer must be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Abu Al Karsaneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Arwa Al Anber
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (A.A.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Sahar AlMustafa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (S.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Hussien AlMa’aitah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (S.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Batool AlQadri
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.A.); (A.I.); (R.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Abir Igbaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.A.); (A.I.); (R.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Rama Tayem
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.A.); (A.I.); (R.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Mustafa Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.A.); (A.I.); (R.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Shaima Batayha
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (A.A.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Mohammad ALQudah
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Maher Sughayer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (S.A.); (H.A.)
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5
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Lim YX, D'Silva NJ. HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: in search of surrogate biomarkers for early lesions. Oncogene 2024; 43:543-554. [PMID: 38191674 PMCID: PMC10873204 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC) has escalated in the past few decades; this has largely been triggered by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Early cancer screening is needed for timely clinical intervention and may reduce mortality and morbidity, but the lack of knowledge about premalignant lesions for OPSCC poses a significant challenge to early detection. Biomarkers that identify individuals at high risk for OPSCC may act as surrogate markers for precancer but these are limited as only a few studies decipher the multistep progression from HPV infection to OPSCC development. Here, we summarize the current literature describing the multistep progression from oral HPV infection, persistence, and tumor development in the oropharynx. We also examine key challenges that hinder the identification of premalignant lesions in the oropharynx and discuss potential biomarkers for oropharyngeal precancer. Finally, we evaluate novel strategies to improve investigations of the biological process that drives oral HPV persistence and OPSCC, highlighting new developments in the establishment of a genetic progression model for HPV + OPSCC and in vivo models that mimic HPV + OPSCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne X Lim
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nisha J D'Silva
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zschernack V, Andreiuolo F, Dörner E, Wiedey A, Jünger ST, Friker LL, Maruccia R, Pietsch T. p16 Immunohistochemistry as a Screening Tool for Homozygous CDKN2A Deletions in CNS Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:46-53. [PMID: 37947008 PMCID: PMC10723769 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2021 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system emphasizes the significance of molecular parameters for an integrated diagnosis. Homozygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a (CDKN2A) has been associated with an adverse prognosis in IDH -mutant gliomas, supratentorial ependymomas, meningiomas, and MPNST. In this study, we examined the value of p16 protein immunohistochemistry as a rapid and cost-effective screening tool for a homozygous CDKN2A deletion. Genetic analyses for CDKN2A in 30 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, 32 IDH -wild-type high-grade gliomas, 40 supratentorial ependymomas with ZFTA-RELA gene fusion, 21 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and 24 meningiomas were performed mainly by a molecular inversion probe assay, a high-resolution, quantitative technology for the assessment of chromosomal copy number alterations. Immunohistochemistry for p16 proved to have a high positive predictive value (range 90% to 100%) and an overall low negative predictive value (range 22% to 93%) for a homozygous CDKN2A deletion. In a setting where molecular testing is limited for cost and time reasons, p16 immunohistochemistry serves as a useful and rapid screening tool for identifying cases that should be subjected to further molecular testing for CDKN2A deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer and the IDOR Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Dörner
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center
| | - Anna Wiedey
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn
| | - Stephanie T. Jünger
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cologne Medical Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea L. Friker
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center
| | | | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center
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7
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Ji J, Qin J, Wang X, Lv M, Hou X, Jing A, Zhou J, Zuo L, Liu W, Feng J, Qian Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu B. JHD205, A Novel Abemaciclib Derivative, Exerts Antitumor Effects on Breast Cancer by CDK4/6. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:400-411. [PMID: 38192142 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206265751231204190204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient targeted molecular therapeutics are needed for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly invasive and difficult-to-treat form of breast cancer associated with a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the potential of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors as a therapeutic option for TNBC by impairing the cell cycle G1 phase through the inhibition of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation. METHODS In this study, we synthesized a compound called JHD205, derived from the chemical structure of Abemaciclib, and examined its inhibitory effects on the malignant characteristics of TNBC cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that JHD205 exhibited superior tumor growth inhibition compared to Abemaciclib in breast cancer xenograft chicken embryo models. Western blot analysis revealed that JHD205 could dosedependently degrade CDK4 and CDK6 while also causing abnormal changes in other proteins associated with CDK4/6, such as p-Rb, Rb, and E2F1. Moreover, JHD205 induced apoptosis and DNA damage and inhibited DNA repair by upregulating Caspase3 and p-H2AX protein levels. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that JHD205 holds promise as a potential treatment for breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingting Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingxiao Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Aixin Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lingyi Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qilan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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8
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Maina D, Chung MH, Temmerman M, Moloo Z, Wawire J, Greene SA, Unger ER, Mugo N, Sakr S, Sayed S, McGrath CJ. P16 expression and recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after cryotherapy among women living with HIV. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1277480. [PMID: 37881629 PMCID: PMC10597651 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1277480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of p16 protein, a surrogate marker for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), is associated with cervical dysplasia. We evaluated correlates of p16 expression at treatment for high-grade cervical lesions and its utility in predicting the recurrence of cervical intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) following cryotherapy among women with HIV. Methods This is a subgroup analysis of women with HIV in Kenya with baseline cervical biopsy-confirmed CIN2+ who were randomized to receive cryotherapy and followed every six-months for two-years for biopsy-confirmed recurrence of CIN2+. P16 immunohistochemistry was performed on the baseline cervical biopsy with a positive result defined as strong abnormal nuclear expression in a continuous block segment of cells (at least 10-20 cells). Results Among the 200 women with CIN2+ randomized to cryotherapy, 160 (80%) had a baseline cervical biopsy specimen available, of whom 94 (59%) were p16-positive. p16 expression at baseline was associated with presence of any one of 14 hrHPV genotypes [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.2; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.03-9.78], multiple lifetime sexual partners (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.03-2.54) and detectable plasma HIV viral load (>1,000 copies/mL; OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.03). Longer antiretroviral therapy duration (≥2 years) at baseline had lower odds of p16 expression (OR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.87) than <2 years of antiretroviral therapy. Fifty-one women had CIN2+ recurrence over 2-years, of whom 33 (65%) were p16-positive at baseline. p16 was not associated with CIN2+ recurrence (Hazard Ratio = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.76-2.40). Conclusion In this population of women with HIV and CIN2+, 41% of lesions were p16 negative and baseline p16 expression did not predict recurrence of cervical neoplasia during two-year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael H. Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zahir Moloo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Wawire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sharon A. Greene
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Nelly Mugo
- Sexual Reproductive and Adolescent Child Health Research Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine J. McGrath
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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9
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Myers JE, Schaal DL, Nkadi EH, Ward BJH, Bienkowska-Haba M, Sapp M, Bodily JM, Scott RS. Retinoblastoma Protein Is Required for Epstein-Barr Virus Replication in Differentiated Epithelia. J Virol 2023; 97:e0103222. [PMID: 36719239 PMCID: PMC9972952 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01032-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Although HPV and EBV replicate in differentiated epithelial cells, we previously reported that HPV epithelial immortalization reduces EBV replication within organotypic raft culture and that the HPV16 oncoprotein E7 was sufficient to inhibit EBV replication. A well-established function of HPV E7 is the degradation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of pocket proteins (pRb, p107, and p130). Here, we show that pRb knockdown in differentiated epithelia and EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) reduces EBV lytic replication following de novo infection and reactivation, respectively. In differentiated epithelia, EBV immediate early (IE) transactivators were expressed, but loss of pRb blocked expression of the early gene product, EA-D. Although no alterations were observed in markers of epithelial differentiation, DNA damage, and p16, increased markers of S-phase progression and altered p107 and p130 levels were observed in suprabasal keratinocytes after pRb knockdown. In contrast, pRb interference in Akata BX1 Burkitt lymphoma cells showed a distinct phenotype from differentiated epithelia with no significant effect on EBV IE or EA-D expression. Instead, pRb knockdown reduced the levels of the plasmablast differentiation marker PRDM1/Blimp1 and increased the abundance of c-Myc protein in reactivated Akata BL with pRb knockdown. c-Myc RNA levels also increased following the loss of pRb in epithelial rafts. These results suggest that pRb is required to suppress c-Myc for efficient EBV replication in BL cells and identifies a mechanism for how HPV immortalization, through degradation of the retinoblastoma pocket proteins, interferes with EBV replication in coinfected epithelia. IMPORTANCE Terminally differentiated epithelium is known to support EBV genome amplification and virion morphogenesis following infection. The contribution of the cell cycle in differentiated tissues to efficient EBV replication is not understood. Using organotypic epithelial raft cultures and genetic interference, we can identify factors required for EBV replication in quiescent cells. Here, we phenocopied HPV16 E7 inhibition of EBV replication through knockdown of pRb. Loss of pRb was found to reduce EBV early gene expression and viral replication. Interruption of the viral life cycle was accompanied by increased S-phase gene expression in postmitotic keratinocytes, a process also observed in E7-positive epithelia, and deregulation of other pocket proteins. Together, these findings provide evidence of a global requirement for pRb in EBV lytic replication and provide a mechanistic framework for how HPV E7 may facilitate a latent EBV infection through its mediated degradation of pRb in copositive epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danielle L. Schaal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ebubechukwu H. Nkadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - B. J. H. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Martin Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jason M. Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rona S. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Sujatha T, Mullapudi Venkata S, Jayashankar E, Putcha UK, Koturu SK, Bhopal T, Neelala K, Chinta SK, Manjunathan R. Significance of Combined Analysis of High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses Polymerized Chain Reaction Analysis and Immunohistochemical Expression of p16INK4A in Cervical Cancer in a Cohort of South-Indian Population. Cureus 2022; 14:e29001. [PMID: 36249643 PMCID: PMC9553749 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhan K, Hu Z, Zhao G. SV40T/E6E7-Induced Proliferation Is Involved in the Activity of E2F3 in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141790. [PMID: 35883337 PMCID: PMC9312334 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A previous study demonstrated that SV40T does not require E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 activators to induce proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Our results showed that, at an early stage, primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) lacking the E2F1 expression have the capacity to proliferate and show E2F2 and E2F3 slight protein levels. At a late stage, primary BMECs deficient for E2F3 completely abolish any proliferative ability and exhibit a severe cell senescence signal, although the E2F2 can be expressed at a late stage of primary BMECs. Compared with the late stage of primary BMECs, the BMECs immortalized by SV40T and E6E7 restored the protein level of E2F3. In conclusion, this study revealed a molecular mechanism where E2F3 controls the BMECs’ proliferation and senescence. Abstract The E2F family of transcription factor is divided into activators and repressors that control cell proliferation. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) can be immortalized using human papillomavirus 16 E6E7 (HPV16 E6E7) and simian vacuolating virus 40 large T antigen (SV40T). In addition, SV40T does not require E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 activators to induce proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). However, we report that E2F3 activator is required to induce the proliferation of BMECs. Our results showed that, at an early stage, primary BMECs lacking the E2F1 expression have the capacity to proliferate and show E2F2 and E2F3 slight protein levels. At a late stage, primary BMECs deficient for E2F3 completely abolish any proliferative ability and exhibit a severe cell senescence signal, although the E2F2 can be expressed at a late stage of primary BMECs. Compared with the late stage of primary BMECs, the BMECs immortalized by SV40T and E6E7 restored the protein level of E2F3 and enhanced the CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D3, and CDK2 protein level, leading to proliferating robustly. Surprisingly, it was found that p53, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1 were upregulated in SV40T and E6E7-immortalized BMECs, relatively to primary BMECs. Notably, Cdc2 was almost expressed in primary BMECs. However, Cdc2 was elevated in BMECs immortalized by SV40T and E6E7. In conclusion, this study revealed a molecular mechanism where E2F3 controls the BMECs’ proliferation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhang
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18852720422
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12
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Yu L, Chen X, Liu X, Fei L, Ma H, Tian T, Wang L, Chen S. Significance of Triple Detection of p16/ki-67 Dual-Staining, Liquid-Based Cytology and HR HPV Testing in Screening of Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915418. [PMID: 35747800 PMCID: PMC9209639 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to liquid-based cytology (LBC) and HR HPV testing, p16/ki-67 dual-staining is another method for cervical cancer screening. The combination of any two methods can improve the accuracy of screening, but some cervical lesions are still missed or misdiagnosed. In this retrospective study, the significance of LBC, HR HPV testing and especially p16/ki-67 dual-staining in cervical lesion screening was evaluated with reference to histological diagnosis. At the same time, we tried to explore the value of p16/ki-67 dual-staining combined with LBC and HR HPV testing (triple detection) in improving the diagnostic specificity of CIN2+ and reducing the missed diagnosis of CIN2+ lesions. We found that p16/ki-67 dual-staining was valuable in identifying cervical CIN2+ lesions and reducing the missed diagnosis of CIN2+ in HPV negative patients. More than 96% of CIN2+ patients were positive for two or three tests of triple detection. Whole positive triple detection can effectively predict high grade cervical lesions. In conclusion, the triple detection can distinguish almost all cervical CIN2+ lesions. Our data put forward and highlight the feasibility and significance of triple detection in cervical lesion screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yu, ; Shangwu Chen,
| | - Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yu, ; Shangwu Chen,
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13
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Hafez FS, Meckawy GR, Alorabi M, Shakweer MM. Interpretation of P16 expression as a marker of HPV in colorectal cancer. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:475-481. [PMID: 35178697 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent types of tumors worldwide. P16ᴵᴺᴷ⁴ᵃ is a widely used immunohistochemical marker for high-risk HPV infection. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between P16 expression as an indicator of HPV infection and colorectal cancer in Egyptian patients, as well as its association with histopathological characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on 59 cases of colorectal carcinoma cases and 30 specimens of normal colonic mucosa. RESULTS p16 protein was detected in 22% (13 of 59) of patients with colorectal carcinoma. No evidence of P16 expression in all 30 cases of non-neoplastic colonic mucosa was found. More frequent expression of P16 was seen in distal carcinomas. CONCLUSION our study demonstrated that P16 protein is expressed in a reasonable percent of colorectal carcinoma cases, suggesting a role of HPV in colorectal carcinogenesis. The present study highlights the role of p16 protein expression which is important in the pathogenesis in colorectal carcinoma, especially regarding distal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma S Hafez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghada R Meckawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alorabi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Shakweer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Egypt
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14
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Saito Y, Homma A, Kiyota N, Tahara M, Hanai N, Asakage T, Matsuura K, Ota I, Yokota T, Sano D, Kodaira T, Motegi A, Yasuda K, Takahashi S, Tanaka K, Onoe T, Okano S, Imamura Y, Ariizumi Y, Hayashi R. Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:700-706. [PMID: 35383359 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It was not until around 2000 that human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma was recognized as carcinoma with clinical presentations different from nonrelated head and neck carcinoma. Twenty years after and with the revision of the tumor-node-metastasis classification in 2017, various clinical trials focused on human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with this disease. However, the incidence of human papillomavirus-related cancers is increasing, which is expected to be particularly prominent in Japan, where human papillomavirus vaccination is not widely available. In this review, we describe the current status of clinical trials (mainly focused on initial surgery and radiation dose reduction) for, primary and secondary prevention of, and the present status of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsuura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ota
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yokota
- Divisions of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodaira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koichi Yasuda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Onoe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hayashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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15
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Wu S, Xu H, Zhang R, Wang X, Yang J, Li X, Chen S, He W, Nan A. Circular RNA circLAMA3 inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer by directly binding an mRNA. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:742-754. [PMID: 35317525 PMCID: PMC8908064 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular RNA (circRNA) circLAMA3 is significantly downregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. However, its function in bladder cancer has not yet been explored, and further research is needed. In this study, functional experiments demonstrated that circLAMA3 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells and inhibited bladder cancer growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circLAMA3 directly binds to and promotes the degradation of MYCN mRNA, thereby reducing the MYCN protein expression in bladder cancer cells. Decreased expression of the MYCN protein inhibits the promoter activity and expression of CDK6. Ultimately, circLAMA3 affects DNA replication by downregulating CDK6, resulting in G0/G1 phase arrest and inhibition of bladder cancer proliferation. In summary, we report a potential novel regulatory mechanism via which a circRNA directly binds an mRNA and thereby regulates its fate. Moreover, circLAMA3 significantly affects the progression of bladder cancer and has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilian Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jialei Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Sixian Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanting He
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Aruo Nan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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16
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Lorenzi NPC, Termini L, Ferreira-Filho ES, Nunes RAL, Silva GAF, Lepique AP, Longatto-Filho A, Tacla M, Baracat EC, Villa LL, Soares-Júnior JM. A positive HPV test with positive p16/Ki-67 double staining in self-sampled vaginal material is an accurate tool to detect women at risk for cervical cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2022; 130:41-54. [PMID: 34375039 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of efficient strategies for managing high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-positive women is a major challenge when human papillomavirus-based primary screening is being performed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of HR-HPV testing based on self-collection (SC) and HR-HPV testing based on collection by a health professional (HP) and to assess the potential usefulness of HR-HPV testing combined with testing with the biomarkers p16/Ki-67, α-mannosidase, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 232 women admitted for colposcopy because of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear. The collected material underwent liquid-based cytology, HR-HPV detection, and immunocytochemical testing (p16/Ki-67, α-mannosidase, and SOD2). The gold standard was the histopathological result; the positive reference was CIN2+. RESULTS The overall accuracy of HR-HPV testing was 76.6%; the results for the SC group (78.1%) and the HP group (75.2%) were similar. The positive predictive values (HP, 76.5%; SC, 80.0%), the negative predictive values (HP, 66.7%; SC, 64.3%), the positive likelihood values (HP, 1.35; SC, 1.36), and the negative likelihood values (HP, 0.21; SC, 0.19) were also similar. p16/Ki-67 showed higher sensitivity than the other 2 biomarkers: 78.1% versus 45.8% for α-mannosidase and 44.5% for SOD2. The specificities of the biomarkers were equivalent: 71.4% for p16/Ki-67, 77.8% for α-mannosidase, and 71.2% for SOD2. In the HP group, accuracy also leaned more heavily toward the final score (using α-mannosidase and SOD2) without statistical significance (80.8% vs 77.9%). The contrast with the SC group yielded the same level of accuracy. CONCLUSIONS SC, when associated with testing with biomarkers, is as accurate as collection by HPs in the detection of women at risk for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noely P C Lorenzi
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitario, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Termini
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson S Ferreira-Filho
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Divisao de Clínica Ginecologica, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaella A L Nunes
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A F Silva
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Lepique
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital/Pio XII Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
- Medical Laboratory of Medical Investigation 14, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- 8ICVS/3B's-Associated Laboratory to the Government of Portugal, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Maricy Tacla
- Divisao de Clínica Ginecologica, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Divisao de Clínica Ginecologica, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M Soares-Júnior
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Divisao de Clínica Ginecologica, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Bean GR, Najjar S, Shin SJ, Hosfield EM, Caswell-Jin JL, Urisman A, Jones KD, Chen YY, Krings G. Genetic and immunohistochemical profiling of small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1349-1361. [PMID: 35590107 PMCID: PMC9514991 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the breast are exceedingly rare tumors, which are classified in the WHO system as small cell (SCNEC) and large cell (LCNEC) carcinoma based on indistinguishable features from their lung counterparts. In contrast to lung and enteropancreatic NEC, the genomics of breast NEC have not been well-characterized. In this study, we examined the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of 13 breast NEC (7 SCNEC, 4 LCNEC, 2 NEC with ambiguous small versus large cell morphology [ANEC]). Co-alterations of TP53 and RB1 were identified in 86% (6/7) SCNEC, 100% (2/2) ANEC, and 50% (2/4) LCNEC. The one SCNEC without TP53/RB1 alteration had other p53 pathway aberrations (MDM2 and MDM4 amplification) and was immunohistochemically RB negative. PIK3CA/PTEN pathway alterations and ZNF703 amplifications were each identified in 46% (6/13) NEC. Two tumors (1 SCNEC, 1 LCNEC) were CDH1 mutated. By immunohistochemistry, 100% SCNEC (6/6) and ANEC (2/2) and 50% (2/4) LCNEC (83% NEC) showed RB loss, compared to 0% (0/8) grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (p < 0.001) and 38% (36/95) grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NST) (p = 0.004). NEC were also more often p53 aberrant (60% vs 0%, p = 0.013), ER negative (69% vs 0%, p = 0.005), and GATA3 negative (67% vs 0%, p = 0.013) than grade 3 NET. Two mixed NEC had IDC-NST components, and 69% (9/13) of tumors were associated with carcinoma in situ (6 neuroendocrine DCIS, 2 non-neuroendocrine DCIS, 1 non-neuroendocrine LCIS). NEC and IDC-NST components of mixed tumors were clonally related and immunophenotypically distinct, lacking ER and GATA3 expression in NEC relative to IDC-NST, with RB loss only in NEC of one ANEC. The findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of breast NEC, underscore their classification as a distinct tumor type, and highlight genetic similarities to extramammary NEC, including highly prevalent p53/RB pathway aberrations in SCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Bean
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Saleh Najjar
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sandra J. Shin
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hosfield
- grid.414890.00000 0004 0461 9476Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jennifer L. Caswell-Jin
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kirk D. Jones
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Diagnostic performance of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining at different number of positive cells in cervical smears in women referred for colposcopy. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:426-432. [PMID: 34821133 PMCID: PMC8647795 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining (p16/ Ki-67 DS) in cervical cytology and the number of positive p16/Ki-67 cells to diagnose high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in colposcopy population. Subjects and methods We performed an analysis on a subset cohort of 174 women enrolled within a large-scale randomised controlled human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling project organised as part of the population-based Cervical Cancer Screening Programme ZORA in Slovenia. This subset cohort of patients was invited to the colposcopy clinic, underwent p16/Ki-67 DS cervical cytology and had the number of p16/Ki-67 positive cells determined. Results Among analysed women, 42/174 (24.1%) had histologically confirmed CIN2+. The risk for CIN2+ was increasing with the number of positive cells (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of p16/Ki-67 DS for detection of CIN2+ was 88.1%, specificity was 65.2%, positive predictive value was 44.6% and negative predictive value was 94.5%. Conclusions Dual p16/Ki-67 immunostaining for the detection of CIN2+ has shown high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in our study, which is comparable to available published data. The number of p16/Ki-67 positive cells was significantly associated with the probability of CIN2+ detection. We observed a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in specificity if the cut-off for a positive test was shifted from one cell to three cells.
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Head and Neck Cancers Are Not Alike When Tarred with the Same Brush: An Epigenetic Perspective from the Cancerization Field to Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225630. [PMID: 34830785 PMCID: PMC8616074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinomas affect different head and neck subsites and, although these tumors arise from the same epithelial lining and share risk factors, they differ in terms of clinical behavior and molecular carcinogenesis mechanisms. Differences between HPV-negative and HPV-positive tumors are those most frequently explored, but further data suggest that the molecular heterogeneity observed among head and neck subsites may go beyond HPV infection. In this review, we explore how alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development and progression. The association of these epigenetic alterations with risk factor exposure, early carcinogenesis steps, transformation risk, and prognosis are described. Finally, we discuss the potential application of the use of epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are among the ten most frequent types of cancer worldwide and, despite all efforts, are still diagnosed at late stages and show poor overall survival. Furthermore, HNSCC patients often experience relapses and the development of second primary tumors, as a consequence of the field cancerization process. Therefore, a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC development and progression may enable diagnosis anticipation and provide valuable tools for prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. However, the different biological behavior of these tumors depending on the affected anatomical site and risk factor exposure, as well as the high genetic heterogeneity observed in HNSCC are major obstacles in this pursue. In this context, epigenetic alterations have been shown to be common in HNSCC, to discriminate the tumor anatomical subsites, to be responsive to risk factor exposure, and show promising results in biomarker development. Based on this, this review brings together the current knowledge on alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC natural history, focusing on how they contribute to each step of the process and on their applicability as biomarkers of exposure, HNSCC development, progression, and response to therapy.
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20
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Sun H, Ma H, Zhang H, Ji M. Up-regulation of MELK by E2F1 promotes the proliferation in cervical cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3875-3888. [PMID: 34671205 PMCID: PMC8495384 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic cancer and a frequent cause of death. In this study, we investigated the role of MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase) in cervical cancer. We found that HPV 18 E6/E7 promoted MELK expression by activating E2F1. MELK knockdown blocked cancer cells growth. Furthermore, we used MELK-8A to inhibit the kinase activity of MELK and caused the G2/M phase arrest of cancer cells. Under the treatment of inhibitors, Hela cells formed multipolar spindles and eventually underwent apoptosis. We also found that MELK is involved in protein translation and folding during cell division through the MELK interactome and the temporal proteomic analysis under inhibition with MELK-8A. Altogether, these results suggest that MELK may play a vital role in cancer cell proliferation and indicate a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210048, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ma'anshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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21
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Cosper PF, Bradley S, Luo L, Kimple RJ. Biology of HPV Mediated Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 31:265-273. [PMID: 34455982 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus that infects squamous epithelia. Though HPV only encodes 8 genes, it is capable of causing cellular transformation and ultimately cancer in host cells. In this article we review the classification of HPV viruses, their genetic structure and life cycle, viral gene biology, and provide an overview of the role of HPV in cancer. We explain how the viral life cycle can lead to integration of viral DNA into the host genome leading to increased cell cycle progression, decreased apoptosis, altered DNA repair, and chromosomal instability. We describe the multifaceted roles of the canonical oncogenes E6 and E7 in promoting tumorigenesis and the important role of other viral genes in regulating cancer development. We also review how the virus actively suppresses innate and adaptive immunity to evade immune detection and promote a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. The biology presented here will serve as a foundation to the other chapters in this edition and we hope it will incite enthusiasm for continued research on this fascinating virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa F Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
| | - Samantha Bradley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Lexi Luo
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
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22
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Xia Y, Zhang X, Sun D, Gao Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Cai Q, Wang Q, Sun J. Effects of water-soluble components of atmospheric particulates from rare earth mining areas in China on lung cancer cell cycle. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:27. [PMID: 34340691 PMCID: PMC8330054 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the effects of water soluble particulate matter (WSPM) on the viability and protein expression profile of human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 in the Bayou Obo rare earth mining area, and explore the influence of WSPM on the A549 cell cycle. RESULTS It was found that WSPM can inhibit the viability of A549 cells and induce cell arrest in the G2/M phase. Compared with controls, exposure to WSPM10 and WSPM2.5 induced 134 and 116 proteins to be differentially expressed in A549 cells, respectively. In addition, 33 and 31 differentially expressed proteins were further confirmed, and was consistent with the proteomic analysis. The most prominent enrichment in ribosome-associated proteins were presented. When RPL6, RPL13, or RPL18A gene expression was inhibited, A549 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, affecting the expression of Cyclin D1, p21, RB1, Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, CDC25A, CDK2, CHEK2 and E2F1. Furthermore, the La3+, Ce3+, Nd3+ and F- in WSPM also inhibited the viability of A549 cells. After 24 h of exposure to 2 mM of NaF, A549 cells were also arrested in the G2/M phase, while the other three compounds did not have this effect. These four compounds affected the cell cycle regulatory factors in A549 cells, mainly focusing on effecting the expression of CDK2, CDK4, RB1, ATM, TP53 and MDM2 genes. These results are consistent with the those from WSPM exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that WSPM from rare earth mines decreased the viability of A549 cells, and induced cell cycle G2/M phase arrest, and even apoptosis, which may be independent of the NF-κB/MYD88 pathway, and be perceived by the TLR4 receptor. The dysfunction of the cell cycle is correlated to the down-expression of ribosomal proteins (RPs). However, it is not the direct reason for the A549 cell arrest in the G2/M phase. La3+, Ce3+, and F- are probably the main toxic substances in WSPM, and may be regulate the A549 cell cycle by affecting the expression of genes, such as MDM2, RB1, ATM, TP53, E2F1, CDK2 and CDK4. These results indicate the importance for further research into the relationship between APM and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Yumin Gao
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China
| | - Qingjun Cai
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China
| | - Qihao Wang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jinshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010010, Hohhot, China.
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23
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Nagi K, Gupta I, Jurdi N, Jabeen A, Yasmeen A, Batist G, Vranic S, Al-Moustafa AE. High-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer in Lebanese women and their association with tumor grade: a molecular and tissue microarray study. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:308. [PMID: 34112166 PMCID: PMC8194154 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are present and can cooperate with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) to initiate and/or enhance the progression of several types of human carcinomas including cervical as well as head and neck; in parallel, it has been recently pointed out that these oncoviruses can be detected in human breast cancers. Thus, we herein explored the presence/co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in breast cancer in Lebanese women. Methods A cohort of 102 breast cancer samples and 14 normal breast tissues were assessed for the presence of HPVs and EBV. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in addition to tissue microarray (TMA) platform were used in this study. Results We found the presence of HPV in 66/102 (65%) of our samples, while EBV is present in 41/102 (40%) of the cohort. Additionally, our data showed that high-risk HPV types (52, 35, 58, 45, 16 and 51) are the most frequent in breast cancer in Lebanese women. Meanwhile, we report that high-risk HPVs and EBV are co-present in 30/102 (29%) of the samples; more significantly, our results indicate that their co-presence is associated with tumor grade (p = 0.03). Conclusion Our data revealed that HPVs and EBV are present/co-present in human breast cancer where they may play an important role in its development and/or progression; thus, we believe that further investigations are essential to confirm and elucidate the presence/co-presence of these oncoviruses and the underlying mechanisms of their interaction in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Nagi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nawaf Jurdi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research/JGH, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research/JGH, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al-Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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24
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Grandhi TSP, To J, Romero A, Luna F, Barnes W, Walker J, Moran R, Newlin R, Miraglia L, Orth AP, Horman SR. High-throughput CRISPR-mediated 3D enrichment platform for functional interrogation of chemotherapeutic resistance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3187-3199. [PMID: 34050941 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of somatic mutations. These cellular mutations compete to dominate their microenvironment and dictate the disease outcome. While a therapeutic approach to target-specific oncogenic driver mutations helps to manage the disease, subsequent molecular evolution of tumor cells threatens to overtake therapeutic progress. There is a need for rapid, high-throughput, unbiased in vitro discovery screening platforms that capture the native complexities of the tumor and rapidly identify mutations that confer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Taking the example of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) class of drugs, we show that the pooled in vitro CRISPR screening platform enables rapid discovery of drug resistance mutations in a three-dimensional (3D) setting. Gene-edited cancer cell clones assembled into an organotypic multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS), exposed to CDK4/6i caused selection and enrichment of the most drug-resistant phenotypes, detectable by next-gen sequencing after a span of 28 days. The platform was sufficiently sensitive to enrich for even a single drug-resistant cell within a large, drug-responsive complex 3D tumor spheroid. The genome-wide 3D CRISPR-mediated knockout screen (>18,000 genes) identified several genes whose disruptions conferred resistance to CDK4/6i. Furthermore, multiple novel candidate genes were identified as top hits only in the microphysiological 3D enrichment assay platform and not the conventional 2D assays. Taken together, these findings suggest that including phenotypic 3D resistance profiling in decision trees could improve discovery and reconfirmation of drug resistance mechanisms and afford a platform for exploring noncell autonomous interactions, selection pressures, and clonal competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraka S P Grandhi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
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25
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Zou X, Wang L. Relationship of P16 and Ki67 in recurrence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:3174-3180. [PMID: 33425118 PMCID: PMC7791391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of P16 and Ki67 expression in cervical conization with postoperative HPV reinfection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This study retrospectively enrolled patients from January 2012 to December 2013. Patients with negative margins were followed up for 2 years to evaluate the correlation between Ki67 and p16 expression levels in the conization of patients with HPV persistence encountering infection or re-infection and CIN recurrence. The positive expression of p16 and Ki67 was significantly correlated with disease progression (P<0.05). p16 and Ki67 expression was chosen, and results showed that positive expression of p16 and ki67 proteins was a risk factor of disease progression (OR=5.3, 95% CI 1.177~24.365, P=0.042; OR=5.1, 95% CI 1.162~22.387, P=0.031, respectively). Results indicated that routine staining for p16 and Ki67 has clinically significant meaning in guiding disease progress and prognosis at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuli Zou
- Department of ICU, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng, Shandong, China
- Medical College of Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng, Shandong, China
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26
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Augustin JG, Lepine C, Morini A, Brunet A, Veyer D, Brochard C, Mirghani H, Péré H, Badoual C. HPV Detection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: What Is the Issue? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1751. [PMID: 33042820 PMCID: PMC7523032 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides classic tobacco and alcohol risk factors, human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), and notably oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs). HPV-induced OPSCCs have a different biological behavior and a better prognosis compared to non-HPV-induced OPSCCs and the eighth-edition TNM classification now separates these two entities. Therefore, determining the HPV status of patients with OPSCC is now essential for treatment, prognosis, and development of clinical trials. In this review, after reminding essential steps of HPV implication in the cell cycle, we describe the existing tools that are currently feasible in routine practice according to facilities available in health structures, with their benefits and drawbacks: HPV PCR, E6/E7 mRNA RT-PCR, E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization, HPV DNA in situ hybridization, and P16 immunochemistry. Besides these traditional HPV detection tools, novel diagnostic approaches are being evaluated for HPV-induced OPSCC “ultrastaging.” E6 humoral response and ddPCR-detecting HPVct DNA are two techniques performed on blood and are therefore non-invasive. Baseline E6 humoral levels could have a prognostic value, and HPVct DNA could be helpful for HPV OPSCC recurrence monitoring. At last, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based “capture HPV” is a technique feasible on biopsies and circulating DNA material. It helps characterize HPV integration status and sites, and it could define prognostic subgroups in HPV-induced OPSCC. These novel precision detection tools could be further integrated in the care of patients with HPV-induced OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Lepine
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Aurelien Morini
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anais Brunet
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Department of Virology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Brochard
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Haitham Mirghani
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- INSERM U970, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Department of Virology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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27
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White CM, Bakhiet S, Bates M, Ruttle C, Pilkington LJ, Keegan H, O'Toole SA, Sharp L, O'Kelly R, Tewari P, Flannelly G, Martin CM, O'Leary JJ. Exposure to tobacco smoke measured by urinary nicotine metabolites increases risk of p16/Ki-67 co-expression and high-grade cervical neoplasia in HPV positive women: A two year prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 68:101793. [PMID: 32841926 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the strongest epidemiologic risk factor for cervical cancer. However, it is not a sufficient cause given the high prevalence of transient infections. We examined the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke, measured using urinary nicotine metabolite concentrations, and p16/Ki-67 co-expression in cervical smears and subsequent risk of developing CIN2+/CIN3+ lesions in HPV positive women. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study enrolled women presenting to colposcopy with cytological abnormalities LSIL/ASCUS at the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin. Women gave a urine sample which was used to perform the Nicotine Metabolite Assay (Siemens). HPV positive (HC2) cervical smears were stained by immunocytochemistry for p16/Ki-67 (CINtec PLUS, Roche). Two year follow-up data, including histological diagnosis, was collected for each woman. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression to investigate associations between tobacco smoke, p16/Ki-67 positivity and CIN2+/CIN3 + . RESULTS In total, 275 HPV positive women were included. Women with nicotine metabolite concentrations above 500 ng/mL, indicative of smoking, were classified as smokers. Smokers were at an increased risk of testing positive for p16/Ki-67 (OR 1.678; 1.027-2.740) and CIN2+ and CIN3+ (OR 1.816; 1.107-2.977 and OR 2.453; 1.200-5.013) in compared to non-smokers. In p16/Ki-67 positive women, smoking further increased their risk of CIN2+/CIN3+ (OR 2.290; 1.017-5.159 and OR 3.506 (1.534-8.017). CONCLUSION HPV positive women exposed to tobacco smoke are at a higher risk of testing positive for p16/Ki-67 co-expression. Risk of high-grade disease is almost doubled in women who are exposed to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M White
- Dept. Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Salih Bakhiet
- Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Dept. Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Carmel Ruttle
- Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Helen Keegan
- Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon A O'Toole
- Dept. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Linda Sharp
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Ruth O'Kelly
- Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Dept. Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Cara M Martin
- Dept. Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Dept. Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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28
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Bychkov M, Shulepko M, Osmakov D, Andreev Y, Sudarikova A, Vasileva V, Pavlyukov MS, Latyshev YA, Potapov AA, Kirpichnikov M, Shenkarev ZO, Lyukmanova E. Mambalgin-2 Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Glioma Cells via Interaction with ASIC1a. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1837. [PMID: 32650495 PMCID: PMC7408772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are fast growing and highly invasive brain tumors, characterized by tumor microenvironment acidification that drives glioma cell growth and migration. Channels containing Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a subunit (ASIC1a) mediate amiloride-sensitive cation influx in late stage glioma cells, but not in normal astrocytes. Thus, selective targeting of ASIC1a can be a perspective strategy for glioma treatment. Here, ASIC1a expression in U251 MG and A172 glioma cells, but not in normal astrocytes, was demonstrated. Recombinant analog of mambalgin-2 from black mamba Dendroaspis polylepis inhibited amiloride-sensitive currents at ASIC1a both in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in U251 MG cells, while its mutants with impaired activity towards this channel did not. Mambalgin-2 inhibited U251 MG and A172 glioma cells growth with EC50 in the nanomolar range without affecting the proliferation of normal astrocytes. Notably, mambalgin-2 mutants did not affect glioma cell proliferation, pointing on ASIC1a as the main molecular target of mambalgin-2 in U251 MG and A172 cells. Mambalgin-2 induced a cell cycle arrest, inhibited Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) phosphorylation and caused apoptosis in U251 MG and A172 cells. Moreover, mambalgin-2 inhibited the growth of low-passage primary cells from a patient with glioblastoma. Altogether, our data point to mambalgin-2 as a useful hit for the development of new drugs for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
| | - Dmitry Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Sudarikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Valeria Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Marat S. Pavlyukov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Latyshev
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.L.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Alexander A. Potapov
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.L.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (Y.A.); (M.S.P.); (M.K.); (Z.O.S.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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p16 Positive Histologically Bland Squamous Metaplasia of the Cervix: What does It Signify? Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:129-139. [PMID: 31498174 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With increasing use of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosis of premalignant lesions of cervix, we occasionally encounter p16 positivity in squamous metaplasia that lacks morphologic characteristics of "atypical squamous metaplasia" or of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Our study aims to investigate if transcriptionally active human papilloma virus (HPV) can be identified in such foci and if they have any relationship with squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) cells. Twenty-two cases of cervical specimens with at least a focus of p16 positive bland squamous metaplasia, were selected. HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization followed by IHC for CK7 (SCJ biomarker), Ki67, and HPV16 E2, were performed. Follow-up information was obtained. Four cases were excluded due to insufficient tissue. Of the final 18 cases, HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization was positive in all. Nine cases showed positivity in >50% cells and the epithelial thickness involved was ≥lower two-thirds in 13 cases. Of the further evaluable 15 cases, CK7 was positive in 14, Ki67 was positive in 10, and HPV16 E2 was negative in all. Concomitant high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was identified in 10 cases. On follow-up (duration: 1 to 19 mo), 6 patients showed histologic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Our study demonstrates that p16 positivity in squamous metaplasia of cervix is associated with the presence of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV even when there are no clear morphologic features of dysplasia. Our results suggest that these lesions are early SILs or SILs that are not yet morphologically evident, most of which arise from SCJ and should be closely followed.
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Ding L, Song L, Zhao W, Li X, Gao W, Qi Z, Wang J. Predictive value of p16 INK4a, Ki-67 and ProExC immuno-qualitative features in LSIL progression into HSIL. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2457-2466. [PMID: 32256722 PMCID: PMC7086290 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current nested case-control study was conducted to explore the prognostic value of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4a), marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki-67) and immunohistochemical cocktail containing antibodies directed against topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) proteins (ProExC) immuno-qualitative features to predict low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) progression. A total of 92 LSIL patients were followed-up for 2 years, where those with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or persistent LSIL were designated as the case group and those who spontaneously regressed were designated as the control group. The infection status of human papillomavirus (HPV) was evaluated using flow-through hybridization and gene chip, whilst the expression of p16INK4a, Ki-67 and ProExC were tested in LSIL patient biopsies by immunohistochemistry. All data were collected at the beginning of the follow-up and patient outcomes were diagnosed by histopathological examination. To analyze the risk factors for LSIL progression, sensitivity, specificity, positive-negative predictive value (PPV-NPV), positive-negative likelihood ratio (PLR-NLR), Youden's index (YI) and multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed. The expression rates of p16INK4a, Ki-67, and ProExC were found to be higher in the progression group compared with those in the persistence and regression groups. Only p16INK4a expression significantly associated with high-risk HPV infection. With respect to predicting HSIL, p16INK4a staining was the most sensitive but Ki-67 staining was found to be the most specific. YI was the highest (42.1%) for p16INK4a expression in the present study, followed by ProExC (39.5%) and Ki-67 (28.3%). However, the expression of ProExC was found to be an independent risk factor for LSIL progression into HSIL. In conclusion, whilst immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4a, Ki-67, and ProExC can be used to predict HSIL progression, only ProExC expression can be applied an independent risk factor for LSIL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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The Clinical Relevance of p16 and p53 Status in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3739075. [PMID: 32280343 PMCID: PMC7128067 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3739075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prognostic significance of HPV status in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC) and to determine whether preoperative determination of p16 or p53 status would have clinical relevance. Methods Patients treated for VSCC at a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia, from 2002 to 2014, were retrospectively evaluated (n = 119). Histological specimens were stained for p53 and p16 expression, and HPV status was determined by PCR detection of HPV DNA. Results HPV DNA was detected in 19%, p16 expression in 53%, and p53 expression in 37% of patients. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates indicated that p16/HPV-positive patients had superior five-year disease-free survival (76% versus 42%, resp., p = 0.004) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (89% versus 75% resp., p = 0.05) than p53-positive patients. In univariate analysis, nodal metastases (p < 0.001), tumor size >4 cm (p = 0.03), and perineural invasion (p = 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of disease progression and p16 expression with a decreased risk (p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, only nodal metastases remained independent for risk of disease progression (p = 0.01). For DSS, lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) and tumor size (p = 0.008) remained independently prognostic. Conclusion The p16/HPV and p53 status of VSCC allows separation of patients into two distinct clinicopathological groups, although 10% of patients fall into a third group which is HPV, p16, and p53 negative. p16 status was not independently prognostic in multivariable analysis. Treatment decisions should continue to be based on clinical indicators rather than p16 or p53 status.
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Carrilho C, Miu C, Kim Y, Karki S, Balmaceda A, Challa B, Diamond S, Monteiro E, Marole E, Lorenzoni C, Zambujo Y, Liu YT, Schooley RT, Lin JH. p16 Expression Correlates with Invasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasms in HIV-Infected Mozambicans. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:123-128. [PMID: 32258020 PMCID: PMC7109427 DOI: 10.1159/000502096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p16 immunohistochemistry is widely used to diagnose human papillomavirus (HPV)-related squamous neoplasms of cervix, anogenital, head, and neck tissues. The incidence of these HPV-related squamous neoplasms is markedly increased in the HIV-infected population. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is also more common in HIV-infected patients. However, the expression pattern of p16 in OSSN among HIV-infected patients is unclear. Here, we examined the expression of p16 in OSSN surgical excisions collected from a large HIV-infected cohort from -Mozambique. METHODS OSSN surgical tissue specimens were collected from 75 Mozambican patients. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from these OSSNs were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. H&E slides were reviewed to determine if OSSNs were noninvasive conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms or invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Cases were classified as p16 positive or negative based on diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of p16 in neoplastic cells. RESULTS p16 positivity was found in a minority of OSSN cases (14/75). p16 positivity was significantly associated with the invasive SCC type of OSSN in HIV-infected patients (p value of 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The majority of OSSNs in our HIV-infected cohort do not express p16. However, those cases that are p16-positive are significantly more likely to be the invasive SCC form of OSSN. We propose that p16 expression may identify more aggressive OSSNs in HIV-infected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carrilho
- Department of Pathology, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Service of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chau Miu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Susan Karki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Balmaceda
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bindu Challa
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Scott Diamond
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eliane Monteiro
- Service of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Evelia Marole
- Service of Ophthalmology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- Department of Pathology, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Service of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
- Ministério da Saúde, Programa Nacional de Controlo do Cancro, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Yolanda Zambujo
- Service of Ophthalmology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Yu-Tsueng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lin
- Service of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Perera PY, Perera LP, Filkoski L, Chen W, Lichy JH, Paal E, Maxwell JH. Inclusion of an E7 DNA Amplification Test Improves the Robustness of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis. World J Oncol 2020; 11:1-8. [PMID: 32095184 PMCID: PMC7011906 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rise in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates over the last few decades in the USA has contributed to a significant increase in the overall incidence of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. These head and neck carcinomas develop in the oropharynx, with more than 90% of them caused by infection with high-risk HPV type 16. Patients diagnosed with HPV-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have a better prognosis and treatment response than those diagnosed with head and neck cancers caused by alcohol consumption and tobacco use. To identify patients with HPV-positive OPSCC, new guidelines recommend positive staining of oropharyngeal tissues for p16 INK4a (p16) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Herein we discuss the testing algorithm that was adopted to address discrepant results between p16 IHC and a DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) test used routinely to diagnose HPV-positive OPSCC patients. Methods A DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test that amplifies HPV16 and HPV18 E7 was developed to aid in the diagnosis of HPV-positive OPSCC in a subset of patients. Specimens from these patients stained positive for p16 by an IHC test, but negative for high-risk HPV by a commercial DNA ISH test. Moreover, these results did not match the histopathological characteristics of the specimens, nor the clinical presentations of the patients. Results Of 21 patients’ specimens that were tested for p16 by IHC, 11 specimens showed concordant results with the high-risk HPV 16/18 DNA ISH test. Whereas, in eight p16 IHC positive specimens, HPV viral DNA was not detected by HPV16/18 DNA ISH, and two specimens were not tested by DNA ISH. When these eight p16 IHC positive specimens with discrepant p16 IHC and DNA ISH results were further tested by DNA PCR, six specimens showed concordance with p16 IHC with positive results for HPV16 E7, while two specimens were negative for HPV16 E7 by DNA PCR. All tested specimens were negative for HPV18 E7 by DNA PCR. Thus, the addition of the HPV16 and HPV18 E7 DNA PCR test identified a significant number of false negative test results by the HPV16/18 DNA ISH test and likely several false positive results by p16 IHC. Conclusions Inclusion of an HPV16 E7 DNA PCR test improved the robustness of HPV-associated OPSCC diagnosis in patients with discrepant results from p16 IHC staining and a DNA ISH test, and identified patients for proper management with less misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Perera
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Liyanage P Perera
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lyvouch Filkoski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Jack H Lichy
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Edina Paal
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Jessica H Maxwell
- Otolaryngology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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FARZANEHPOUR M, MUHAMMADNEJAD A, AKHAVAN S, EMAMI RAZAVI AN, JALILVAND S, SALIMI V, FAGHIHLOO E, KAKAVANDI E, FARAHMAND M, SHAYESTEHPOUR M, BABAKHANI F, MOKHTARI AZAD T. P16INK4A Immunohistochemistry as a Gold Standard for Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions Screening. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:312-322. [PMID: 32461939 PMCID: PMC7231710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk (HR) Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known as the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical preinvasive and invasive lesions. Therefore, the presence or absence of HR-HPV can be followed for the prognosis of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Since the overexpression of p16INK4a protein depends on the presence of transcriptionally-active HPV, and due to its availability and simple interpretation, it may be considered as a proper marker to diagnose cervical cancer. METHODS An immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4a was performed in 72 cervical tissue specimens at Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 2016 to 2018. The performance parameters were calculated and compared using receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC) details. RESULTS p16INK4a is significantly up-regulated in the cervical cancer samples in comparison with that in normal samples. Moreover, the ROC data showed the potential ability of p16INK4a under determined conditions as a diagnostic marker for CIN 2-3 staging and invasive cervical cancer. The molecular typing disclosed the attendance of HPV DNA in 44.4% of cases (32/72) with a predominance of HPV type 16. CONCLUSION The molecular biomarker p16INK4a can be a good candidate for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer in HPV-infected patients. Considering the increase in the expression level of p16INK4a in cancer and precancer tissues, p16INK4a may be used for early detection of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh FARZANEHPOUR
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad MUHAMMADNEJAD
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh AKHAVAN
- Department of Gynecology/Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Valiasr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nader EMAMI RAZAVI
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh JALILVAND
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid SALIMI
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim FAGHIHLOO
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan KAKAVANDI
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad FARAHMAND
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad SHAYESTEHPOUR
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad BABAKHANI
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat MOKHTARI AZAD
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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Yang T, Zhan K, Ning L, Jiang M, Zhao G. Short‐chain fatty acids inhibit bovine rumen epithelial cells proliferation via upregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors 1A, but not mediated by G protein‐coupled receptor 41. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:409-417. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - LiLi Ning
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Overexpression and Phosphorylation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and their Clinicopathological Significance. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1659-1667. [PMID: 31522363 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is involved in progression of various cancers, and FAK overexpression has been associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the involvement of FAK expression in the clinicopathological malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. In addition, there is no consensus regarding the role of p16 expression in OSCC. In this study, the immunohistochemically measured expression of FAK, phosphorylated FAK (FAKpY397) and p16 expressions and their associations with clinicopathological features and 5-year survival rates were examined in surgical samples from 70 patients with primary OSCC. FAK and FAKpY397 were expressed at high levels in 42 cases (60.0%) and 34 cases (48.6%), respectively, and 9 cases (12.9%) were positive for p16. FAK expression was significantly correlated with local recurrence, subsequent metastasis, and the mode of invasion. FAKpY397 expression was significantly correlated with both N classification and the mode of invasion. p16 expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage only. Patients having high expression of FAK, FAKpY397, or both showed significantly worse prognosis, but p16 expression showed no significant relation to prognosis. The results suggested that overexpression and phosphorylation of FAK in OSCC may affect cancer progression, such as local invasion and lymph node metastasis, and thereby contribute to life prognosis.
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Henri P, Prevel C, Pellerano M, Lacotte J, Stoebner PE, Morris MC, Meunier L. Psoriatic epidermis is associated with upregulation of CDK2 and inhibition of CDK4 activity. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:678-689. [PMID: 31145809 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK2 and CDK4 are involved in regulation of cell-cycle progression, and psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells. CDK inhibitory proteins (CKIs) such as p16INK 4A (p16) bind CDK4/6 kinases and prevent their interaction with D-type cyclins. CKIs such as p21Cip1 (p21) and p27Kip1 (p27) associate with CDK-cyclin complexes and prevent their activation. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the molecular implication of CDK2 and CDK4 kinases in psoriasis, we sought to characterize expression of these kinases and associated cyclins, as well as of CKIs, and addressed the status of CDK2 and CDK4 activity in human psoriatic epidermis. METHODS A cohort of 24 patients with psoriasis participated in the study. Biopsies were removed from a chronic plaque and from nonlesional skin. CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E and CKI protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. CDK4 and CDK2 mRNA expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Specific kinase activities of CDK2 and CDK4 were evaluated using fluorescent peptide biosensors. RESULTS CDK2-cyclin E expression and activity were significantly increased in psoriatic epidermis compared with uninvolved adjacent skin. In contrast, CDK4-cyclin D1 activity was inhibited, although its expression was increased in psoriatic epidermis and its transcription slightly inhibited. p27 expression was reduced, while p16 and p21 expression was induced in psoriatic epidermis. CONCLUSIONS Epidermal CDK2 activity is increased in psoriatic epidermis while CDK4 activity is completely inhibited. These alterations are not associated with changes in CDK transcription and instead involve post-translational control mediated by decreased expression of p27 and p16 overexpression, respectively. What's already known about this topic? Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in cell-cycle progression. The levels of cyclin partners and CDK inhibitors regulate their activity. Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell-driven inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells. What does this study add? Thanks to fluorescent peptide biosensors, this study demonstrates that epidermal CDK2 activity is increased in psoriatic epidermis while CDK4 activity is completely inhibited. These alterations involve post-translational control mediated by decreased expression of p27, and p16 overexpression, respectively. What is the translational message? CDK2 and CDK4 are involved in regulation of cell-cycle progression, and psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells. Epidermal CDK2 activity is increased in psoriatic epidermis while CDK4 activity is completely inhibited. These alterations are not associated with changes in CDK transcription and instead involve post-translational control mediated by decreased expression of p27 and p16 overexpression, respectively. Pharmacological modulation of CDK2 and CDK4 may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henri
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - C Prevel
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - M Pellerano
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - J Lacotte
- Department of Dermatology, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - P E Stoebner
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France.,Department of Dermatology, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - M C Morris
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - L Meunier
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France.,Department of Dermatology, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
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Lv T, Kong L, Jiang L, Wu H, Wen T, Shi Y, Yang J. Dicer1 facilitates liver regeneration in a manner dependent on the inhibitory effect of miR-21 on Pten and Rhob expression. Life Sci 2019; 232:116656. [PMID: 31306658 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tamoxifen-induced liver-specific Dicer1 deletion (iDicer1-/-) in mature mice may provide clues demonstrating the genuine effects of acute loss of Dicer1 and miRNAs in the liver regeneration process. MAIN METHODS In this study, mice with tamoxifen-induced Dicer1 deletion through the Cre/LoxP system were constructed and then underwent classic 70% partial hepatectomy or CCl4-induced liver injury. To rescue the inhibitory effect of Dicer1 ablation on liver regeneration, miR-21 agomir was injected into the tail vein of iDicer1-/- mice. KEY FINDINGS Unlike constitutive embryonic deletion of Dicer1, tamoxifen-induced Dicer1 deletion did not result in severe liver injury or lesions, providing an ideal model for investigating acute loss of Dicer1 and miRNAs in liver regeneration. Dicer1 deletion led to impaired liver regeneration through the inhibitory effect of miR-21 on PTEN and Rhob expression. SIGNIFICANCE In our previous study, we found that embryonic loss of Dicer1 impairs hepatocyte survival and leads to chronic inflammation and progenitor cell activation, while the role of Dicer1 in liver regeneration remains largely unknown. We clearly identified the promotion effect of Dicer1 on liver regeneration by increasing miR-21 expression, which inhibits the expression of two negative cell proliferation regulators, Pten and Rhob.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingxiang Kong
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Koh SS, Cassarino DS. Immunohistochemical Expression of p16 in Melanocytic Lesions: An Updated Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 142:815-828. [PMID: 29939777 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0435-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Making an accurate diagnosis for melanocytic lesions has always been challenging for pathologists, especially when dealing with difficult-to-diagnose cases. Misdiagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic lesions in general has tremendous medical-legal implications, often leading to unnecessary and excessive use of adjunctive tests. Although molecular testing is of much interest and there is great support for its development, currently, for most melanocytic lesions, immunohistochemical studies remain the most practical method for assistance in the routine diagnosis of melanocytic lesions for the average pathologist. OBJECTIVES - To review the practical use of p16 immunohistochemistry for evaluating melanocytic lesions, particularly for differentiating benign from malignant tumors, and to perform a meta-analysis of primary studies evaluating p16 immunohistochemistry in melanocytic lesions. DATA SOURCES - A PubMed database search for literature reporting melanocytic lesions and p16 immunohistochemistry was performed. Essential information from each study (number of samples, antibody used, collection dates, overall p16 immunohistochemistry results, and general method of interpretation) was tabulated and analyzed. Examples of representative cases showing p16 immunostaining pattern are also illustrated. CONCLUSIONS - Incorporation of p16 immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions is of limited use, especially for the purpose of differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Evaluation of multiple studies reveals a wide range of results. However, there appears to be some value for the use of p16 in distinguishing nodal nevi from metastatic melanoma within nodes. The method of interpretation (nuclear versus cytoplasmic staining) also appears to give differing results, as studies considering only nuclear staining appeared to show more consistent results from study to study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Cassarino
- From the Department of Pathology and Dermatopathology, Kaiser Permanente Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim, California
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Zhou Y, Höti N, Ao M, Zhang Z, Zhu H, Li L, Askin F, Gabrielson E, Zhang H, Li QK. Expression of p16 and p53 in non-small-cell lung cancer: clinicopathological correlation and potential prognostic impact. Biomark Med 2019; 13:761-771. [PMID: 31157548 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: p16 and p53 are frequently altered intracellular pathways in cancers. We investigated the aberrant expression of p16 and its relationship with p53 and HPV status in primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Patients & methods: Lung tumor tissue microarray (n = 163), immunohistochemical study of p16 and p53, and HPV in-situ hybridization were analyzed. Results: p16 and p53 were detected in 50.7 and 57.3% of adenocarcinoma (ADCs; n = 75), and 35.2 and 63.6% of squamous cell carcinoma (n = 88). HPV was detected in 16 and 10.2% of ADC and squamous cell carcinoma. In ADCs, p16 positive tumors demonstrated a favorable median overall survival time of 60.9 months, compared with p16 negative tumors of 46.9 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we did not find significant relationships between p16 expression and HPV status, nor with p53 expression. Conclusion: p16 play an unique role in lung cancer survival. The mechanism of p16 needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Minghui Ao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Frederic Askin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Yu L, Fei L, Liu X, Pi X, Wang L, Chen S. Application of p16/Ki-67 dual-staining cytology in cervical cancers. J Cancer 2019; 10:2654-2660. [PMID: 31258773 PMCID: PMC6584925 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytology-based Papanicolaou test on and primary HPV screening have been widely used in the identification of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Patients diagnosed as ASCUS/LSIL usually need follow-up because some of them may develop into CIN2+. The consequences of women positive for HPV vary from person to person; some of them may progress into cervical dysplasia, reversible forms of precancerous lesions, and eventually invasive cervical cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an effective biomarker to triage different patients according to the preliminary screening results. p16 acts as a cell cycle regulatory protein that induces cell cycle arrest, and Ki-67 is a cell proliferation marker. Under physiological conditions, they could not co-express in the same cervical epithelial cells. The co-expression of these two molecules suggests a deregulation of the cell cycle mediated by HR-HPV infection and predicts the presence of high-grade cervical epithelial lesions. There is increasing evidence that p16/Ki-67 dual-staining cytology can be used as an alternative biomarker, showing overall high sensitivity and specificity for identifying high-grade CIN and cervical cancer. In this review, we discuss the significance of p16/Ki-67 dual-staining and summarize its application in the screening and triaging of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xubin Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufang Pi
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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King E, Ottensmeier C, Pollock KGJ. Novel Approaches for Vaccination Against HPV-Induced Cancers. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 405:33-53. [PMID: 25735921 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 5 % of all cancers are as a result of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and this incidence is increasing. Early recognition of disease is associated with good survival, but late presentation results in devastating consequences. Prevention is better than cure, and there are now successful prophylactic vaccination programmes in place. We discuss these and the prospect of therapeutic vaccinations in the near future to address a growing need for improved therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma King
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Malhone C, Longatto-Filho A. Cervical, Ovarian and Endometrial Tumor Markers: Potential Clinical Value. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2019; 40:350-357. [PMID: 31375174 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors markers can be described as molecular products expressed by neoplasia tissues (immunohistochemistry), or metabolized and secreted by tumor and characterized biochemically in body fluids such as blood and urine. They may have utility as indicators of tumor stage and grade as well useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence, progression, development of metastases, or even patient survival. Unfortunately, in some cases they may have no identified clinical potential. Several investigations have been carried out, especially in the last decade, using biotechnological methods, in order to identify new potential tumor markers. By translating these findings into clinical use one may facilitate accurate diagnosis and prognostic prediction, and contribute to individualized treatment. The objective of this review is to describe some biomarkers with potential use in clinical settings of uterine cervix, ovary, and endometrium carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Malhone
- Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia (Brazilian Society of Mastology), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine Nces, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil.
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Chaudhary S, Ganguly K, Muniyan S, Pothuraju R, Sayed Z, Jones DT, Batra SK, Macha MA. Immunometabolic Alterations by HPV Infection: New Dimensions to Head and Neck Cancer Disparity. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:233-244. [PMID: 30615137 PMCID: PMC6410958 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. Racial disparity in HNSCC is observed between African Americans (AAs) and whites, effecting both overall and 5-year survival, with worse prognosis for AAs. In addition to socio-economic status and demographic factors, many epidemiological studies have also identified factors including coexisting human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, primary tumor location, and a variety of somatic mutations that contribute to the prognostic incongruities in HNSCC patients among AAs and whites. Recent research also suggests HPV-induced dysregulation of tumor metabolism and immune microenvironment as the major regulators of HNSCC patient prognosis. Outcomes of several preclinical and clinical studies on targeted therapeutics warrant the need to elucidate the inherent mechanistic and population-based disparities underlying patient responses. This review systematically reports the underlying reasons for inconsistency in disease prognosis and therapy responses among HNSCC patients from different racial populations. The focus of this review is twofold: aside from discussing the causes of racial disparity, we also seek to identify the consequences of such disparity in terms of HPV infection and its associated mutational, metabolic, and immune landscapes. Considering the clinical impact of differential patient outcomes among AA and white populations, understanding the underlying cause of this disparity may pave the way for novel precision therapy for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Zafar Sayed
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Dwight T Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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46
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Bhateja P, Chiu M, Wildey G, Lipka MB, Fu P, Yang MCL, Ardeshir-Larijani F, Sharma N, Dowlati A. Retinoblastoma mutation predicts poor outcomes in advanced non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1459-1466. [PMID: 30773851 PMCID: PMC6488103 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma gene (RB1) encodes the retinoblastoma (RB) pocket protein that plays an important role in cell cycle progression. Here we determine the frequency and prognostic significance of RB1 mutation in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), restricting inclusion to Stage III and IV patients with linked genomic and clinical data. The primary outcome was median overall survival (OS). We identified RB1 mutation in 8.2% of NSCLC patients. The median OS for wild-type (wt) RB1 was 28.3 months vs 8.3 months for mutant RB1 (Hazard Ratio = 2.59, P = 0.002). Of special interest, RB1 mutation also correlated with lack of response to immunotherapy. Our study focused on RB1 mutation in locally advanced and advanced non small cell lung cancer to better facilitate comparisons with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In our SCLC cohort, RB1 mutation was identified in 75% of patients and wt RB1 was associated with significantly shorter OS (P = 0.002). The different outcomes of RB1 mutation observed among lung cancer subtypes suggest a more complicated mechanism than simple regulation of cell cycle or response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhateja
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michelle Chiu
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gary Wildey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Beth Lipka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Chiu Lee Yang
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Neelesh Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Virus-associated carcinomas of the head & neck: Update from the 2017 WHO classification. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 38:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Çoban EA, Tecimel D, Şahin F, Deniz AAH. Targeting Cancer Metabolism and Cell Cycle by Plant-Derived Compounds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:125-134. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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McMullen C, Chung CH, Hernandez-Prera JC. Evolving role of human papillomavirus as a clinically significant biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 19:63-70. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1559056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McMullen
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christine H. Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Wu MZ, Wang S, Zheng M, Tian LX, Wu X, Guo KJ, Zhang YI, Wu GP. The Diagnostic Utility of p16 Immunostaining in Differentiating Cancer and HSIL from LSIL and Benign in Cervical Cells. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:195-200. [PMID: 30545241 PMCID: PMC6362523 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718817478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical liquid-based cytology plays an important role in the diagnosis of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). However, cytological evaluation alone has a relatively low sensitive. To overcome this problem, HPV DNA testing or HPV DNA combined with cytology has been applied. HPV DNA testing significantly improved the sensitivity, but the specificity is low, especially in cancer and high-grade SIL (HSIL) cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of p16 overexpression in cervical cells of patients with HSIL and cancer. The expression of p16 was detected by immunostaining in liquid-based cells from cervical brushing in 278 patients which including: Cancer (n = 13), HSIL (n = 112), low-grade SIL (LSIL) (n = 45), and Benign (n = 108). The expression levels of p16 were significantly higher in the cancer and HSIL groups when compared with the LSIL and Benign groups (P < 0.01). The accurate diagnostic rates of cancer and HSIL were significantly increased by p16 immunostaining plus cytology than that by cytology alone (P < 0.01). The false negative or false positive of p16 immunostaining occurred with a unicellular pattern. With sensitivity of 96.0% and accuracy of 91.7%, the diagnostic performance of p16 immunostaining was much better than that of cytology alone with sensitivity of 36.0% and accuracy of 70.9% (P < 0.01). p16 immunostaining in cervical brushing cells may not only be used as an ancillary tool to cytological diagnosis of cervical neoplasia but also help to distinguish HSIL from LSIL and the triage of transient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Wu
- 1 Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- 2 Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- 3 Department of Pathology, Changchun Obstetrics-Gynecology Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Xiang Tian
- 3 Department of Pathology, Changchun Obstetrics-Gynecology Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wu
- 1 Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke-Jun Guo
- 1 Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y I Zhang
- 1 Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang-Ping Wu
- 4 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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